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Thom SR, Bhopale VM, Arya AK, Ruhela D, Bhat AR, Mitra N, Hoffstad O, Malay DS, Mirza ZK, Lantis JC, Lev-Tov HA, Kirsner RS, Hsia RC, Levinson SL, DiNubile MJ, Margolis DJ. Blood-Borne Microparticles Are an Inflammatory Stimulus in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:71-80. [PMID: 36645851 PMCID: PMC10563440 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory state associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains poorly understood. We found patients with DM have 3- to 14-fold elevations of blood-borne microparticles (MPs) that bind phalloidin (Ph; Ph positive [+] MPs), indicating the presence of F-actin on their surface. We hypothesized that F-actin-coated MPs were an unrecognized cause for DM-associated proinflammatory status. Ph+MPs, but not Ph-negative MPs, activate human and murine (Mus musculus) neutrophils through biophysical attributes of F-actin and membrane expression of phosphatidylserine (PS). Neutrophils respond to Ph+MPs via a linked membrane array, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products and CD36, PS-binding membrane receptors. These proteins in conjunction with TLR4 are coupled to NO synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP). Neutrophil activation occurs because of Ph+MPs causing elevations of NF-κB and Src kinase (SrcK) via a concurrent increased association of NO synthase 2 and SrcK with NOS1AP, resulting in SrcK S-nitrosylation. We conclude that NOS1AP links PS-binding receptors with intracellular regulatory proteins. Ph+MPs are alarmins present in normal human plasma and are increased in those with DM and especially those with DM and a lower-extremity ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Veena M. Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deepa Ruhela
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Abid R. Bhat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ole Hoffstad
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D. Scot Malay
- Department of Surgery, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - John C. Lantis
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Hadar A. Lev-Tov
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ru-Ching Hsia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | | | | | - David J. Margolis
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Cheng W, Ramachandran S, Crawford L. Uncertainty quantification in variable selection for genetic fine-mapping using bayesian neural networks. iScience 2022; 25:104553. [PMID: 35769876 PMCID: PMC9234235 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new approach for variable selection using a collection of Bayesian neural networks with a focus on quantifying uncertainty over which variables are selected. Motivated by fine-mapping applications in statistical genetics, we refer to our framework as an "ensemble of single-effect neural networks" (ESNN) which generalizes the "sum of single effects" regression framework by both accounting for nonlinear structure in genotypic data (e.g., dominance effects) and having the capability to model discrete phenotypes (e.g., case-control studies). Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate our method's ability to produce calibrated posterior summaries such as credible sets and posterior inclusion probabilities, particularly for traits with genetic architectures that have significant proportions of non-additive variation driven by correlated variants. Lastly, we use real data to demonstrate that the ESNN framework improves upon the state of the art for identifying true effect variables underlying various complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Nasykhova YA, Tonyan ZN, Mikhailova AA, Danilova MM, Glotov AS. Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186842. [PMID: 32961860 PMCID: PMC7555942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from insulin resistance and progressively reduced insulin secretion, which leads to impaired glucose utilization, dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia and progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and nowadays T2D already became a global epidemic. The well-known interindividual variability of T2D drug actions such as biguanides, sulfonylureas/meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors may be caused, among other things, by genetic factors. Pharmacogenetic findings may aid in identifying new drug targets and obtaining in-depth knowledge of the causes of disease and its physiological processes, thereby, providing an opportunity to elaborate an algorithm for tailor or precision treatment. The aim of this article is to summarize recent progress and discoveries for T2D pharmacogenetics and to discuss the factors which limit the furthering accumulation of genetic variability knowledge in patient response to therapy that will allow improvement the personalized treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Nasykhova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziravard N. Tonyan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Anastasiia A. Mikhailova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria M. Danilova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Andrey S. Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9117832003
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4
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Pharmacogenetics of hypoglycemia associated with sulfonylurea therapy in usual clinical care. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:831-839. [PMID: 32504053 PMCID: PMC8174577 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a common complication among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients receiving sulfonylurea therapy. The aim of this study was to determine if genetic contributions to sulfonylurea pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics substantially affect the risk of hypoglycemia in these patients. In a retrospective case-control study in European American patients with T2DM, we examined the potential association between CYP2C9 reduced function variants and sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia. We also explored the relationship between sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia and several candidate genetic variants previously reported to alter the response to sulfonylureas. We detected no evidence of association between CYP2C9 reduced function alleles or any of the candidate genetic variants and sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia. In conclusion, we identified no clinically significant predictors of hypoglycemia among genes associated with sulfonylurea pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.
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5
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Zhou X, Chen C, Yin D, Zhao F, Bao Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Li W, Wang T, Jin Y, Lv D, Lu Q, Yin X. A Variation in the ABCC8 Gene Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Repaglinide Efficacy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Intern Med 2019; 58:2341-2347. [PMID: 31118371 PMCID: PMC6746626 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2133-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have suggested that variations in the ABCC8 gene may be closely associated with T2DM susceptibility and repaglinide response. However, these results have not been entirely consistent, and there are no related studies in a Chinese population, suggesting the need for further exploration. The current study investigated the associations of the ABCC8 rs1801261 polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility and repaglinide therapeutic efficacy in Chinese Han T2DM patients. Methods A total of 234 T2DM patients and 105 healthy subjects were genotyped for ABCC8 rs1801261 polymorphism by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. A total of 70 patients with the same genotypes of CYP2C8*3 139Arg and OATP1B1 521TT were randomized to orally take 3 mg repaglinide per day (1 mg each time before meals) for 8 consecutive weeks. The pharmacodynamic parameters of repaglinide and biochemical indicators were then determined before and after repaglinide treatment. Results The frequency of ABCC8 rs1801261 allele was higher in T2DM patients than in the control subjects (22.6% vs.11.0%, p<0.01). After repaglinide treatment, T2DM patients carrying genotype CT showed a significantly attenuated efficacy on FPG (p<0.01) and HbA1c (p<0.01) compared with those with genotype CC. Conclusion These results suggested that the ABCC8 rs1801261 polymorphism might influence T2DM susceptibility and the therapeutic effect of repaglinide in Chinese Han T2DM patients. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register on May 14, 2013 (No. ChiCTR-CCC13003536).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingliang Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mannino GC, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the route toward tailored medicine. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3109. [PMID: 30515958 PMCID: PMC6590177 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has reached the levels of a global epidemic. In order to achieve optimal glucose control, it is often necessary to rely on combination therapy of multiple drugs or insulin because uncontrolled glucose levels result in T2DM progression and enhanced risk of complications and mortality. Several antihyperglycemic agents have been developed over time, and T2DM pharmacotherapy should be prescribed based on suitability for the individual patient's characteristics. Pharmacogenetics is the branch of genetics that investigates how our genome influences individual responses to drugs, therapeutic outcomes, and incidence of adverse effects. In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti-diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides. Overall, we found 40 polymorphisms for each drug class in a total of 71 loci, and we examined the possibility of encouraging genetic screening of these variants/loci in order to critically implement decision-making about the therapeutic approach through precision medicine strategies. It is possible then to anticipate that when the clinical practice will take advantage of the genetic information of the diabetic patients, this will provide a useful resource for the prevention of T2DM progression, enabling the identification of the precise drug that is most likely to be effective and safe for each patient and the reduction of the economic impact on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
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7
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Shang Z, Han F, Zhou X, Bao Z, Zhu J, Wang T, Lu Q, Du L, Li W, Lv D, Yin X. A variant of GRK5 is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:129-135. [PMID: 29663513 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-Market Research We aimed to investigate the impact of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) rs10886471 polymorphism on repaglinide efficacy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 300 T2DM patients and 210 healthy controls were genotyped for GRK5 rs10886471 on a three-dimensional polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray. Eighty-five patients with the same genotypes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8*3 139Arg and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) 521TT were randomly selected to orally take repaglinide for eight consecutive weeks. Then, the biochemical indicators and pharmacodynamic parameters were measured before and after repaglinide treatment. The T allelic frequency of GRK5 rs10886471 was higher in T2DM patients than in healthy subjects (p < .01). T2DM patients with genotypes CC and CT at GRK5 rs10886471 had a significant reduction in terms of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared with those with genotype TT (p < .01). In addition, the carriers of genotypes CC and CT at GRK5 rs10886471 had higher differential values of postprandial serum insulin (PINS) compared with genotype TT carriers (p < .05). These findings suggest that GRK5 rs10886471 polymorphism may influence the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese Han T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Diagnostics, Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zejun Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Thom SR, Bhopale VM, Yu K, Huang W, Kane MA, Margolis DJ. Neutrophil microparticle production and inflammasome activation by hyperglycemia due to cytoskeletal instability. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18312-18324. [PMID: 28972154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.802629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles produced by cells under oxidative stress. MP production is elevated in patients with diabetes, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that raising glucose above the physiological level of 5.5 mm would stimulate leukocytes to produce MPs and activate the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. We found that when incubated in buffer with up to 20 mm glucose, human and murine neutrophils, but not monocytes, generate progressively more MPs with high interleukin (IL)-1β content. Enhanced MP production required generation of reactive chemical species by mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and type 2 nitric-oxide synthase (NOS-2) and resulted in S-nitrosylation of actin. Depleting cells of capon (C-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase protein), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), or pro-IL-1β prevented the hyperglycemia-induced enhancement of reactive species production, MP generation, and IL-1β synthesis. Additional components required for these responses included inositol 1,3,5-triphosphate receptors, PKC, and enhancement of filamentous-actin turnover. Numerous proteins become localized to short filamentous actin in response to S-nitrosylation, including vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, focal adhesion kinase, the membrane phospholipid translocation enzymes flippase and floppase, capon, NLRP3, and ASC. We conclude that an interdependent oxidative stress response to hyperglycemia perturbs neutrophil cytoskeletal stability leading to MP production and IL-1β synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Thom
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin Yu
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - David J Margolis
- the Department of Dermatology and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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9
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Joint effects of diabetic-related genomic loci on the therapeutic efficacy of oral anti-diabetic drugs in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23266. [PMID: 26983698 PMCID: PMC4794654 DOI: 10.1038/srep23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous pharmacogenomic studies of oral anti-diabetic drugs have primarily focused on the effect of a single site. This study aimed to examine the joint effects of multiple loci on repaglinide or rosiglitazone efficacy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A total of 209 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomly assigned to treatment with repaglinide or rosiglitazone for 48 weeks. The reductions in fasting glucose (ΔFPG), 2h glucose (Δ2hPG) and glycated hemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) levels were significantly associated with genetic score that was constructed using the sum of the effect alleles both in the repaglinide (P = 0.0011, 0.0002 and 0.0067, respectively) and rosiglitazone cohorts (P = 0.0002, 0.0014 and 0.0164, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and dosage. Survival analyses showed a trend towards a greater attainment rate of target HbA1c level in individuals with a high genetic score in the repaglinide cohort and rosiglitazone cohort (Plog-rank = 0.0815 and 0.0867, respectively) when the attainment of treatment targets were defined as more than 20% decrease of FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c levels after treatment. In conclusion, we identified the joint effects of several T2DM-related loci on the efficacy of oral anti-diabetic drugs; moreover, we built a model to predict the drug efficacy.
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10
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Abstract
Glinides, including repaglinide, nateglinide and mitiglinide, are a type of fasting insulin secretagogue that could help to mimic early-phase insulin release, thus providing improved control of the postprandial glucose levels. Glinides stimulate insulin secretion by inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the pancreatic β-cell membrane. Although glinides have been widely used clinically and display excellent safety and efficacy, the response to glinides varies among individuals, which is partially due to genetic factors involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and targeting. Several pharmacogenomic studies have demonstrated that variants of genes involved in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of glinides are associated with the drug response. Polymorphisms of genes involved in drug metabolism, such as CYP2C9, CYP2C8 and SLCO1B1, may influence the efficacy of glinides and the incidence of adverse effects. In addition, Type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility genes, such as KCNQ1, PAX4 and BETA2, also influence the efficacy of glinides. In this article, we review and discuss current pharmacogenomics researches on glinides, and hopefully provide useful data and proof for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, China
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11
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Song JF, Wang T, Zhu J, Zhou XY, Lu Q, Guo H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li W, Wang DD, Cui YW, Lv DM, Yin XX. PPARDrs2016520 polymorphism affects repaglinide response in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 42:27-32. [PMID: 25311380 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
- Department of Pharmacy; Wuxi Third People's Hospital; Wuxi China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Hao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Wei Li
- Depatment of Endocrinology; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Ya-Wen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dong-Mei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
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12
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Serum uric acid levels are associated with polymorphisms in the SLC2A9, SF1, and GCKR genes in a Chinese population. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1421-7. [PMID: 25283508 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Genome-wide association studies have identified several novel loci associated with serum uric acid concentrations in individuals of European descent. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between these loci and serum uric acid concentrations in a Chinese population. METHODS Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped in or near 11 loci (PDZK1, GCKR, LRP2, SLC2A9, ABCG2, LRRC16A, SLC17A1, SLC17A3, SLC22A11, SLC22A12 and SF1) were genotyped in 2329 Chinese subjects in Shanghai. Serum biochemical parameters including uric acid concentrations were determined. All the variants were analyzed for gender differences since uric acid metabolism differed between genders. RESULTS In males after adjustments for age and BMI, GCKR rs780094, SLC2A9 rs11722228 and SF1 rs606458 were associated with the uric acid concentrations, which were statistically significant (P=0.016, 0.001 and 0.03, respectively), whereas SLC2A9 rs3775948 was marginally associated with the uric acid concentrations (P=0.071). In females, SLC22A12 rs506338 was also marginally associated with the uric acid concentrations (P=0.057). The meta-analysis for combined data from both males and females revealed that rs3775948 and rs606458 were associated with the uric acid concentrations (P=0.036 and 0.043, respectively). Furthermore, the gender significantly affected the association of rs11722228 with serum uric acid levels (P=0.012). CONCLUSION The SLC2A9 rs11722228, SF1 rs606458 and GCKR rs780094 variants modulate uric acid concentrations in Chinese males, while SF1 rs606458 and SLC2A9 rs3775948 are associated with the uric acid concentrations in both Chinese males and females.
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Courtney MJ, Li LL, Lai YY. Mechanisms of NOS1AP action on NMDA receptor-nNOS signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:252. [PMID: 25221472 PMCID: PMC4145862 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDAR) are glutamate-gated calcium channels that play pivotal roles in fundamental aspects of neuronal function. Dysregulated receptor function contributes to many disorders. Recruitment by NMDARs of calcium-dependent enzyme nNOS via PSD95 is seen as a key contributor to neuronal dysfunction. nNOS adaptor protein (NOS1AP), originally described as a competitor of PSD95:nNOS interaction, is regarded an inhibitor of NMDAR-driven nNOS function. In conditions of NMDAR hyperactivity such as excitotoxicity, one expects NOS1AP to be neuroprotective. Conditions of NMDAR hypoactivity, as thought to occur in schizophrenia, might be exacerbated by NOS1AP. Indeed GWAS have implicated NOS1AP and nNOS in schizophrenia. Several studies now indicate NOS1AP can mediate rather than inhibit NMDAR/nNOS-dependent responses, including excitotoxic signaling. Yet the concept of NOS1AP as an inhibitor of nNOS predominates in studies of human disease genetics. Here we review the experimental evidence to evaluate this apparent controversy, consider whether the known functions of NOS1AP might defend neurons against NMDAR dysregulation and highlight specific areas for future investigation to shed light on the functions of this adaptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Courtney
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Abo Akademi University and University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Li-Li Li
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yvonne Y Lai
- Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
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Liu X, Pei J, Hou C, Liu N, Chu J, Pu J, Zhang S. A common NOS1AP genetic polymorphism, rs12567209 G>A, is associated with sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure in the Chinese Han population. J Card Fail 2014; 20:244-51. [PMID: 24418727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in NOS1AP associated with cardiac repolarization and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in coronary artery disease have been reported. Whether they are related to mortality and QTc interval in chronic heart failure (CHF) has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1,428 patients with CHF and 480 control subjects were genotyped for 6 SNPs of NOS1AP, and the genetic associations with mortality as well as QTc interval were analyzed. During a median follow-up period of 52 months, 467 patients (32.70%) died, of which deaths 169 (36.19%) were SCD. The A allele of rs12567209 was associated with greater risk of all-cause death and SCD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.381, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.124-1.698 [P = .002], and HR 1.645, 95% CI 1.184-2.287 [P = .003], respectively). After adjusting for other risk factors, significant differences remained (HR 1.309, 95% CI 1.054-1.624 [P = .015], and HR 1.601, 95% CI 1.129-2.271 [P = .008]). The A allele was also associated with prolongation of QTc interval by 4.04 ms in the entire population (P = .026). CONCLUSIONS The A allele of rs12567209 in NOS1AP may serve as an independent predictor of all-cause death and SCD in patients with CHF, it is also associated with prolonged QTc interval in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhui Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Maruthur NM, Gribble MO, Bennett WL, Bolen S, Wilson LM, Balakrishnan P, Sahu A, Bass E, Kao WHL, Clark JM. The pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:876-86. [PMID: 24558078 PMCID: PMC3931386 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review to identify which genetic variants predict response to diabetes medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database) and a manual search to identify original, longitudinal studies of the effect of diabetes medications on incident diabetes, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and postprandial glucose in prediabetes or type 2 diabetes by genetic variation. Two investigators reviewed titles, abstracts, and articles independently. Two investigators abstracted data sequentially and evaluated study quality independently. Quality evaluations were based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association Studies guidelines and Human Genome Epidemiology Network guidance. RESULTS Of 7,279 citations, we included 34 articles (N = 10,407) evaluating metformin (n = 14), sulfonylureas (n = 4), repaglinide (n = 8), pioglitazone (n = 3), rosiglitazone (n = 4), and acarbose (n = 4). Studies were not standalone randomized controlled trials, and most evaluated patients with diabetes. Significant medication-gene interactions for glycemic outcomes included 1) metformin and the SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC47A1, PRKAB2, PRKAA2, PRKAA1, and STK11 loci; 2) sulfonylureas and the CYP2C9 and TCF7L2 loci; 3) repaglinide and the KCNJ11, SLC30A8, NEUROD1/BETA2, UCP2, and PAX4 loci; 4) pioglitazone and the PPARG2 and PTPRD loci; 5) rosiglitazone and the KCNQ1 and RBP4 loci; and 5) acarbose and the PPARA, HNF4A, LIPC, and PPARGC1A loci. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of pharmacogenetic interactions for metformin, sulfonylureas, repaglinide, thiazolidinediones, and acarbose consistent with their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. While high-quality controlled studies with prespecified analyses are still lacking, our results bring the promise of personalized medicine in diabetes one step closer to fruition.
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Wang T, Wang Y, Lv DM, Song JF, Lu Q, Gao X, Zhang F, Guo H, Li W, Yin XX. Effects of NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism on repaglinide response in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 34:131-9. [PMID: 24338736 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and repaglinide therapeutic efficacy in Chinese patients with T2DM. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 300 patients with T2DM and 200 healthy volunteers were enrolled to identify NOS1AP rs12742393 genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Eighty-four patients with various genotypes were randomly selected to receive oral repaglinide as a single-agent therapy (3 mg/day) for 8 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Anthropometric measurements and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c , fasting serum insulin (FINS), postprandial serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol tests were obtained before and after repaglinide treatment. The risk C allelic frequency of NOS1AP rs12742393 was higher in patients with T2DM than in healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Patients with T2DM and genotypes AA and AC at NOS1AP rs12742393 had a significant reduction in FPG (mmol/l) compared with those with genotype CC (p<0.01). Patients with CC homozygotes and AC heterozygotes had a greater increase in FINS (mU/l) than those with wild-type AA (p<0.05). In addition, the carriers of genotype CC at NOS1AP rs12742393 had higher differential values of HOMA-IR compared with genotypes AC and AA carriers (p<0.001). The effects of repaglinide treatment on FPG (p<0.01), FINS (p<0.05) and HOMA-IR (p<0.001) were reduced in patients with T2DM carrying the NOS1AP rs12742393 risk C allele compared with the AA genotype carriers. CONCLUSION The NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphism is associated with therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide in Chinese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Zeng Z, Liao R, Yao Z, Zhou W, Ye P, Zheng X, Li X, Huang Y, Chen S, Chen Q. Three single nucleotide variants of the HDAC gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: a community-based case-control study. Gene 2013; 533:427-33. [PMID: 24120624 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are no data regarding the possible role of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We designed this study to examine whether polymorphisms of HDACs can be implicated in that disease. METHODS A community-based, case-control study was conducted, with a total of 568 subjects (284 patients and 284 controls) enrolled. Four polymorphisms of HDAC1 (rs1741981) and HDAC3 (rs11741808, rs2547547, rs2530223) were examined by the use of TaqMan technology. RESULTS We found a significant association with risk of type 2 DM for three SNPs of HDAC3, including rs11741808 [odds ratio (OR)=0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.81], rs2547547 [OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.13-2.64], and rs2530223 [OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.91]. Subgroup analysis showed that BMI≥23kg/m(2), high triglyceride and high blood pressure, together with the rs11741808AG genotype, were associated with a significantly decreased risk for type 2 DM, with ORs of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27-0.91), 0.38 (95% CI: 0.20-0.71) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.24-0.76) compared with the AA genotype, respectively. In a population with normal total cholesterol, the AG genotype yielded a significantly decreased risk of type 2 DM risk, with an OR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25-0.70) when compared with the persons of the AA genotype. For rs2547547, in a population with normal total cholesterol and triglyceride, the AG genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 DM, with ORs of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.17-3.15) and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.28-3.94) when compared with the population carrying the AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variants of HDAC3 contribute to an increased prevalence of type 2 DM in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
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van Leeuwen N, Swen JJ, Guchelaar HJ, ’t Hart LM. The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Drug Disposition and Response of Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:833-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mannino GC, Sesti G. Individualized therapy for type 2 diabetes: clinical implications of pharmacogenetic data. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 16:285-302. [PMID: 23018631 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, abnormally elevated hepatic glucose production, and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Treatment with antihyperglycemic agents is initially successful in type 2 diabetes, but it is often associated with a high secondary failure rate, and the addition of insulin is eventually necessary for many patients, in order to restore acceptable glycemic control and to reduce the risk of development and progression of disease complications. Notably, even patients who appear to have similar requirements of antidiabetic regimens show great variability in drug disposition, glycemic response, tolerability, and incidence of adverse effects during treatment. Pharmacogenomics is a promising area of investigation and involves the search for genetic polymorphisms that may explain the interindividual variability in antidiabetic therapy response. The initial positive results portend that genomic efforts will be able to shed important light on variability in pharmacologic traits. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of genetic polymorphisms that may affect the responses of subjects with T2DM to antidiabetic treatment. These genes belong to three major classes: genes involved in drug metabolism and transporters that influence pharmacokinetics (including the cytochrome P450 [CYP] superfamily, the organic anion transporting polypeptide [OATP] family, and the polyspecific organic cation transporter [OCT] family); genes encoding drug targets and receptors (including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARG], the adenosine triphosphate [ATP]-sensitive potassium channel [K(ATP)], and incretin receptors); and genes involved in the causal pathway of T2DM that are able to modify the effects of drugs (including adipokines, transcription factor 7-like 2 (T cell specific, HMG-box) [TCF7L2], insulin receptor substrate 1 [IRS1], nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein [NOS1AP], and solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 8 [SLC30A8]). In addition to these three major classes, we also review the available evidence on novel genes (CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 [CDKAL1], insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 [IGF2BP2], potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 [KCNQ1], paired box 4 [PAX4] and neuronal differentiation 1 [NEUROD1] transcription factors, ataxia telangiectasia mutated [ATM], and serine racemase [SRR]) that have recently been proposed as possible modulators of therapeutic response in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Huang Y, Lian J, Huang RS, Wang F, Xu L, Le Y, Yang X, Xu W, Huang X, Ye M, Zhou J, Duan S. Positive association between rs10918859 of the NOS1AP gene and coronary heart disease in male Han Chinese. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:25-9. [PMID: 23171141 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Westaway et al. have revealed a significant association between common variants of calsequestrin-2 (CASQ2) and nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (NOS1AP) and the risk of sudden death in patients of coronary heart disease (CHD). In light of the findings, we aim to explore the association between variants of the two genes and CHD risk in Han Chinese. Our results show a significant contribution of rs10918859 of the NOS1AP gene to CHD in Han Chinese (genotype: χ(2)=8.33, df=2, p=0.015; allele: χ(2)=4.00, df=1, p=0.047, odds ratio [OR]=1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-2.05). The association of rs10918859 with CHD is seen only in men (genotype: χ(2)=7.81, df=2, p=0.02; allele: χ(2)=4.49, df=1, p=0.03, OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.03-2.66). Moreover, rs10918859 is likely to exert its effect under a dominant model in men (χ(2)=7.6, df=1, p=0.005, OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.29-4.71). No association is observed between CASQ2 variants and CHD risk. The frequencies of rs12084280-C and rs10918859-A are higher in Han Chinese (36.7% and 41.6%) than those in Europeans (11% and 19.4%, respectively). These ethnic differences imply that further validation of NOS1AP in the susceptibility of CHD in other populations is warranted. We confirm that rs10918859 of the NOS1AP gene is associated with CHD in Han Chinese. In addition, here we report a gender effect in the association between rs10918859 of the NOS1AP gene and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China has increased significantly, underscoring the importance of investigating the etiological mechanisms, including genetic determinants, of the disease in Chinese populations. Numerous loci conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been identified worldwide, with most having been identified in European populations. In terms of ethnic heterogeneity in pathogenesis as well as disease predisposition, it is imperative to explore the specific genetic architecture of T2D in Han Chinese. Replication studies of European-derived susceptibility loci have been performed, validating 11 of 32 loci in Chinese populations. Genetic investigations into heritable traits related to glucose metabolism are expected to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of T2D, and such studies have already inferred some new susceptibility loci. Other than replication studies of European-derived loci, efforts have been made to identify specific susceptibility loci in Chinese populations using methods such as genome-wide association studies. These efforts have identified additional new loci for the disease. Genetic studies can facilitate the prediction of risk for T2D and also promote individualized anti-diabetic treatment. Despite many advances in the field of risk prediction and pharmacogenetics, the pace of clinical application of these findings is rather slow. As a result, more studies into the practical utility of these findings remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Oral repaglinide (GlucoNorm®; NovoNorm®; Prandin®; Surepost®) is a rapid-acting insulin secretagogue that lowers postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions by targeting early-phase insulin release, with reductions in PPG considered to be important in reducing long-term cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Repaglinide, a carbamoylbenzoic acid derivative, is chemically related to the meglitinide class of insulin secretagogues, but unrelated to the sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues. Meglitinides, including repaglinide, have a distinct binding site at the β-cell membrane, which differs from that of sulfonylureas, and corresponds to greater insulinotropic effects with repaglinide than with glibenclamide and/or glimepiride and a more rapid onset of action in in vitro and in vivo studies. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of oral repaglinide in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and provides an overview of its pharmacological properties. In well designed clinical trials of up to 52 weeks' duration and in the clinical practice setting, recommended dosages of repaglinide (0.5-4 mg three times daily up to 30 minutes prior to a meal) provided effective glycaemic control and were generally well tolerated in treatment-naive or -experienced adult patients with type 2 diabetes, including elderly patients and those with renal impairment. Furthermore, as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antihyperglycaemic drugs, repaglinide was at least as effective as other oral antihyperglycaemic drugs at improving or maintaining glycaemic control, with a tolerability profile that was generally similar to that of sulfonylurea drugs and nateglinide. Thus, repaglinide remains an effective option for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Yu W, Hu C, Zhang R, Wang C, Qin W, Lu J, Jiang F, Tang S, Bao Y, Xiang K, Jia W. Effects of KCNQ1 polymorphisms on the therapeutic efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 89:437-42. [PMID: 21289621 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of KCNQ1 variants on the responses to oral antidiabetic drugs in a Chinese study population. A 48-week randomized pharmacogenetics study compared the effects of repaglinide and rosiglitazone in 209 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. In the repaglinide cohort, individuals who were rs2237892 TT homozygotes exhibited lower 2-h glucose levels and significantly higher cumulative attainment rates of target 2-h glucose levels (P(log-rank) = 0.0383) than the C allele carriers; patients with a greater number of rs2237892 C alleles showed larger augmentations in both fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.0166 and 0.0026, respectively); moreover, the rs2237895 C allele was also associated with greater increments in both fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.0274 and 0.0259, respectively). In contrast, only an association between rs2237897 and decrease in 2-h glucose levels was detected in the rosiglitazone cohort (P = 0.0321). Our results indicated that KCNQ1 polymorphisms are associated with repaglinide efficacy, and might also be associated with rosiglitazone response, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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