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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. DNA methylation regulates pancreatic gene expression and links maternal high-fat diet to the offspring glucose metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109490. [PMID: 37865384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is related to an increased risk of glucose metabolism disorders throughout the whole life of offspring. The pancreas is a glucose homeostasis regulator. Accumulating evidence has revealed that maternal HFD affects offspring pancreas structure and function. However, the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the mouse dam was fed with HFD or control diet (CD) during prepregnancy, pregnancy and lactation. The pancreatic insulin secretion function and islet genome methylome of offspring were analyzed. Pancreatic islet specific gene methylation was detected by using MeDIP qPCR. The results showed that body weight, blood glucose after oral glucose loads, fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-IR index values were significantly higher in male 12-week-old offspring from HFD dams than in the offspring from CD dams. Maternal HFD induced insulin secretion defects in male offspring. Compared with that in maternal CD group, methylation of the Abcc8 and Kcnj11 genes was increased in maternal HFD group in male offspring pancreatic islets. Furthermore, the expression levels of Abcc8 and Kcnj11 were downregulated by intrauterine exposure to a maternal HFD. In summary, maternal HFD results in a long-term functional disorder of the pancreas that is involved in insulin secretion-related gene DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Alsayed Hasan M, Schwartz S, McKenna V, Ing R. An Imbalance of Pathophysiologic Factors in Late Postprandial Hypoglycemia Post Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2927-2937. [PMID: 37530920 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
With a rise in obesity and more patients opting for bariatric surgery, it becomes crucial to understand associated complications like postprandial hypoglycemia (PPH). After bariatric surgery, significant changes are seen in insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels, the gut microbiome, and bile acid metabolism. And in a small subset of patients, exaggerated imbalances in these functional and metabolic processes lead to insulin-glucose mismatch and hypoglycemia. The main treatment for PPH involves dietary modifications. For those that do not respond, medications or surgical interventions are considered to reverse some of the imbalances. We present a few case reports of patients that safely tolerated GLP-1 agonists. However, larger randomized control trials are needed to further characterize PPH and understand its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marah Alsayed Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Main Line Health System/Lankenau Medical Center, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.
| | - Stanley Schwartz
- Affiliate, Main Line Health System, Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania, 100 E Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Victoria McKenna
- Main Line Health Bariatric Surgery - Bryn Mawr, 830 Old Lancaster Road Suite 300, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - Richard Ing
- Bariatric Center of Bryn Mawr Hospital, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr Medical Building North, 830 Old Lancaster Road, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
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3
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Shah IA, Rashid R, Bhat A, Rashid H, Bashir R, Asrar MM, Wani IA, Ahmad Charoo B, Radha V, Mohan V, Ashraf Ganie M. A novel mutation in the KCNJ11 gene (p.Val36Glu), predisposes to congenital hyperinsulinemia. Gene 2023:147576. [PMID: 37336273 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycemia induced by insulin hypersecretion in congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI), a rare life-threatening condition can lead to irreversible brain damage in neonates. Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding KATP channel (ABCC8 and KCNJ11) as well as HNF4A, HNF1A, HADH, UCP2, and activating mutations in GLUD1, GCK, and SLC16A1 have been identified as causal. A 3-month-old male infant presenting tonic-clonic seizures and hyperinsulinemia was clinically assessed and subjected to genetic analysis. Besides the index patient, his parents were clinically investigated, and a detailed family history was also recorded. The laboratory investigations and the genetic test results of the parents were compared with the index patient. The biochemical and hormonal profile of the patient confirmed his suffering from CHI and did not respond to diazoxide treatment. The genetic testing revealed that the subject harbored a novel homozygous missense mutation in the KCNJ11 gene, (c.107T>A, p.Val36Glu.). The bioinformatic analysis revealed that valine is highly conserved and predicted that the variant allele (p.Val36Glu) is likely pathogenic and causal for CHI. Parents were heterozygous carriers and did not report any abnormal metabolic profile. Identification of such mutations is critical and likely to change the therapeutic interventions for such patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrees A Shah
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN; Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Rabiya Rashid
- Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN; Department of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, IN
| | - Abid Bhat
- Departments of Endocrinology, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Rohina Bashir
- Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Mir M Asrar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN; Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Imtiyaz A Wani
- Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | - Bashir Ahmad Charoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN
| | | | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, IN; Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN; Department of Clinical Research, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN; Departments of Endocrinology, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IN.
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4
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Sarkar S. Microglial ion channels: Key players in non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105861. [PMID: 36115552 PMCID: PMC9617777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microglia, the first responders of the brain, are the drivers of this neuroinflammation. Microglial activation, leading to induction of pro-inflammatory factors, like Interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), nitrites, and others, have been shown to induce neurodegeneration. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce the risk of developing PD, but the mechanism underlying the microglial activation is still under active research. Recently, microglial ion channels have come to the forefront as potential drug targets in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, including AD and PD. Microglia expresses a variety of ion channels, including potassium channels, calcium channels, chloride channels, sodium channels, and proton channels. The diversity of channels present on microglia is responsible for the dynamic nature of these immune cells of the brain. These ion channels regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, apoptosis, and cell signaling leading to inflammation, among other critical functions. Understanding the role of these ion channels and the signaling mechanism these channels regulate under pathological conditions is an active area of research. This review will be focusing on the roles of different microglial ion channels, and their potential role in regulating microglial functions in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Dept. of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Zhao J, Wang S, Hee Kim S, Han S, Rico-Bautista E, Sturchler E, Nguyen J, Tan H, Staley C, Karin Kusnetzow A, Betz SF, Johns M, Goulet L, Luo R, Fowler M, Athanacio J, Markison S, Scott Struthers R, Zhu Y. Discovery of 4-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl)-3-aryl-5-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridines as potent and selective SST5 agonists for the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 71:128807. [PMID: 35605837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SST5 receptor activation potently inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and an orally available nonpeptide selective SST5 agonist may be used to effectively manage the blood glucose levels of congenital HI patients to avoid severe hypoglycemia. Our medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the discovery of 4-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl)-3-aryl-5-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine analogs as potent SST5 agonists. This class of molecules exhibits excellent human SST5 potency and selectivity against SST1, SST2, SST3 and SST4 receptors. Leading compound 3-{4-[(3S)-3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl-5-fluorobenzonitrile (28, CRN02481) showed limited off-target activity and good pharmacokinetic profiles in both male Sprague Dawley rats and Beagle dogs to advance into further preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Shimiao Wang
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Sangdon Han
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rico-Bautista
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Emmanuel Sturchler
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Hannah Tan
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Christine Staley
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ana Karin Kusnetzow
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Stephen F Betz
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Michael Johns
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Lance Goulet
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Rosa Luo
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Melissa Fowler
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Jon Athanacio
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Stacy Markison
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - R Scott Struthers
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10222 Barnes Canyon Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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6
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Association between KCNJ11 rs5219 variant and alcohol consumption on the effect of insulin secretion in a community-based Korean cohort: a 12-year follow-up study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4729. [PMID: 33633334 PMCID: PMC7907140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is developed by two underlying mechanisms, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Identification of genetic variants in association with the development of T2D may help explain the genetic risk factors of T2D. In this study, we tried to find out some genetic variations, which interact with alcohol consumption and also are associated with β-cell function through 12 year’s follow-up study in Korean population. We performed a genotype association study using the community-based Ansung-Ansan Cohort data (baseline n = 3120; follow-up n = 433). Genotype association analyses of the baseline data showed that alcohol consumption is associated with the decreases of blood insulin levels and insulin secretion in participants with the KCNJ11 rs5219 risk allele. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the risk allele group is vulnerable to impairment of β-cell function in response to alcohol consumption (OR 1.450; 95% CI 1.061–1.982). Furthermore, 12-year’ follow-up results showed that alcohol consumption synergistically decreases insulin secretion in participants with KCNJ11 rs5219 risk alleles. Our findings demonstrate that the KCNJ11 rs5219 risk allele in combination with alcohol consumption could be a potential risk factor of β-cell dysfunction. We hope that this new findings could be helpful to further understand the development of T2D depending on individual genetic background in association with alcohol consumption.
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7
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Shill MC, Bepari AK, Khan M, Tasneem Z, Ahmed T, Hasan MA, Alam MJ, Hossain M, Rahman MA, Sharker SM, Shahriar M, Rahman GMS, Reza HM. Therapeutic Potentials of Colocasia affinis Leaf Extract for the Alleviation of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: In vivo and in silico-Based Studies. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:443-459. [PMID: 33642871 PMCID: PMC7903966 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s297348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) correlates with hepatic impairment, nephropathy, lipid abnormalities, and oxidative stress and subsequently complicates the disease pathogenesis. Medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we explored the potentials of Colocasia affinis (CA), a plant known to possess anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities, as a remedy for diabetes and related complications. METHODS We induced diabetes in rats using a single intraperitoneal dose (65 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). We next treated the rats with an ethanolic extract of leaves of CA to reveal its antidiabetic and organ-protective potentials. Biomarkers of diabetes, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured using biochemical and histopathological analysis. We also performed molecular docking for three major phytochemicals (kaempferol, myricetin, and rosmarinic acid) of CA. RESULTS Oral administration of the CA leaves extract at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses decreased blood glucose level significantly (p<0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The extract also considerably attenuated plasma HbA1c levels and normalized blood lipids, glycogen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, treatment with the extract improved kidney complications by decreasing serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Furthermore, CA leaves extract normalized nitric oxide (NO) and advance oxidative protein products (AOPP) in diabetic rats. The extract also showed significant improvement of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione dismutase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Besides, histological investigation demonstrated attenuation of inflammation of the vital organs, including the liver and the kidney. In silico studies revealed that three major phytochemicals (kaempferol, myricetin, and rosmarinic acid) of the ethanolic extract of leaves of CA can inhibit several molecular targets of diabetes and inflammation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of CA for the mitigation of diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Mahi Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasneem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tania Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asif Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Shazid Md Sharker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Masum Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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Law NC, Marinelli I, Bertram R, Corbin KL, Schildmeyer C, Nunemaker CS. Chronic stimulation induces adaptive potassium channel activity that restores calcium oscillations in pancreatic islets in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E554-E563. [PMID: 32069073 PMCID: PMC7191410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00482.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin pulsatility is important to hepatic response in regulating blood glucose. Growing evidence suggests that insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells can adapt to chronic disruptions of pulsatility to rescue this physiologically important behavior. We determined the time scale for adaptation and examined potential ion channels underlying it. We induced the adaptation both by chronic application of the ATP-sensitive K+ [K(ATP)] channel blocker tolbutamide and by application of the depolarizing agent potassium chloride (KCl). Acute application of tolbutamide without pretreatment results in elevated Ca2+ as measured by fura-2AM and the loss of endogenous pulsatility. We show that after chronic exposure to tolbutamide (12-24 h), Ca2+ oscillations occur with subsequent acute tolbutamide application. The same experiment was conducted with potassium chloride (KCl) to directly depolarize the β-cells. Once again, following chronic exposure to the cell stimulator, the islets produced Ca2+ oscillations when subsequently exposed to tolbutamide. These experiments suggest that it is the chronic stimulation, and not tolbutamide desensitization, that is responsible for the adaptation that rescues oscillatory β-cell activity. This compensatory response also causes islet glucose sensitivity to shift rightward following chronic tolbutamide treatment. Mathematical modeling shows that a small increase in the number of K(ATP) channels in the membrane is one adaptation mechanism that is compatible with the data. To examine other compensatory mechanisms, pharmacological studies provide support that Kir2.1 and TEA-sensitive channels play some role. Overall, this investigation demonstrates β-cell adaptability to overstimulation, which is likely an important mechanism for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the face of chronic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | | | - Richard Bertram
- Department of Mathematics and Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Cara Schildmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
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9
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Aghaei M, Khodadadian A, Elham KN, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E. Major miRNA Involved in Insulin Secretion and Production in Beta-Cells. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:89-97. [PMID: 32210605 PMCID: PMC7071856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s249011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is implicated as a leading factor in glucose homeostasis and an important theme in diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous proteins are involved in insulin signaling pathway and their dysregulation contributes to DM. microRNAs (miRNAs) as single-strand molecules have a critical effect on gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Intensive investigation done by DM researchers disclosed that miRNAs have a significant role in insulin secretion by direct targeting numerous proteins engaged in insulin signaling pathway; so, their dysregulation contributes to DM. In this review, we presented some major miRNAs engaged in the insulin production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aghaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karimi-Nazari Elham
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Usher SG, Ashcroft FM, Puljung MC. Nucleotide inhibition of the pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channel explored with patch-clamp fluorometry. eLife 2020; 9:52775. [PMID: 31909710 PMCID: PMC7004565 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) comprise four inward rectifier subunits (Kir6.2), each associated with a sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1). ATP/ADP binding to Kir6.2 shuts KATP. Mg-nucleotide binding to SUR1 stimulates KATP. In the absence of Mg2+, SUR1 increases the apparent affinity for nucleotide inhibition at Kir6.2 by an unknown mechanism. We simultaneously measured channel currents and nucleotide binding to Kir6.2. Fits to combined data sets suggest that KATP closes with only one nucleotide molecule bound. A Kir6.2 mutation (C166S) that increases channel activity did not affect nucleotide binding, but greatly perturbed the ability of bound nucleotide to inhibit KATP. Mutations at position K205 in SUR1 affected both nucleotide affinity and the ability of bound nucleotide to inhibit KATP. This suggests a dual role for SUR1 in KATP inhibition, both in directly contributing to nucleotide binding and in stabilising the nucleotide-bound closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Usher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Puljung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Wu JX, Ding D, Wang M, Chen L. Structural Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanism of Insulin Secretagogues on the Pancreatic ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel. Biochemistry 2019; 59:18-25. [PMID: 31566370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonylureas and glinides are commonly used oral insulin secretagogues (ISs) that act on the pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel to promote insulin secretion in order to lower the blood glucose level. Physiologically, KATP channels are inhibited by intracellular ATP and activated by Mg-ADP. Therefore, they sense the cellular energy status to regulate the permeability of potassium ions across the plasma membrane. The pancreatic KATP channel is composed of the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and the regulatory SUR1 subunits. Previous electrophysiological studies have established that ISs bind to the SUR1 subunit and inhibit the channel activity primarily by two mechanisms. First, ISs prevent Mg-ADP activation. Second, ISs inhibit the channel activity of Kir6.2 directly. Several cryo-EM structures of the pancreatic KATP channel determined recently have provided remarkable structural insights into these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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Puljung M, Vedovato N, Usher S, Ashcroft F. Activation mechanism of ATP-sensitive K + channels explored with real-time nucleotide binding. eLife 2019; 8:41103. [PMID: 30789344 PMCID: PMC6400584 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) to cellular metabolism is coordinated by three classes of nucleotide binding site (NBS). We used a novel approach involving labeling of intact channels in a native, membrane environment with a non-canonical fluorescent amino acid and measurement (using FRET with fluorescent nucleotides) of steady-state and time-resolved nucleotide binding to dissect the role of NBS2 of the accessory SUR1 subunit of KATP in channel gating. Binding to NBS2 was Mg2+-independent, but Mg2+ was required to trigger a conformational change in SUR1. Mutation of a lysine (K1384A) in NBS2 that coordinates bound nucleotides increased the EC50 for trinitrophenyl-ADP binding to NBS2, but only in the presence of Mg2+, indicating that this mutation disrupts the ligand-induced conformational change. Comparison of nucleotide-binding with ionic currents suggests a model in which each nucleotide binding event to NBS2 of SUR1 is independent and promotes KATP activation by the same amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Puljung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Usher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Ioacara S, Sava E, Barosan A, Cojocaru F, Gutan A, Fica S. To diet or not to diet in neonatal diabetes responding to sulfonylurea treatment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:1053-1056. [PMID: 30016278 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is defined as a monogenic form of diabetes that occurs in the first 6 months of life. As information on diet in NDM patients successfully treated with sulfonylurea is not yet available, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a carb-restricted diet is not needed in such cases. Case presentation In this case report, we present a successful implementation of a completely liberalized diet in a young patient with NDM, developmental delay and epilepsy (DEND syndrome), who was also switched to sulfonylurea treatment. The excellent metabolic control during follow-up despite completely ignoring any diet suggests that at least in some patients this approach might work. Conclusions If our proposed hypothesis is also confirmed by other reports, it might add significantly to the quality of life of these patients and broaden the knowledge in this medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Ioacara
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Elias" University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Sava
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Elias" University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Adelina Gutan
- "Elias" University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Fica
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Elias" University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Puljung MC. Cryo-electron microscopy structures and progress toward a dynamic understanding of K ATP channels. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:653-669. [PMID: 29685928 PMCID: PMC5940251 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Puljung reviews recent cryo-EM KATP channel structures and proposes a mechanism by which ligand binding results in channel opening. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are molecular sensors of cell metabolism. These hetero-octameric channels, comprising four inward rectifier K+ channel subunits (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and four sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2A/B) subunits, detect metabolic changes via three classes of intracellular adenine nucleotide (ATP/ADP) binding site. One site, located on the Kir subunit, causes inhibition of the channel when ATP or ADP is bound. The other two sites, located on the SUR subunit, excite the channel when bound to Mg nucleotides. In pancreatic β cells, an increase in extracellular glucose causes a change in oxidative metabolism and thus turnover of adenine nucleotides in the cytoplasm. This leads to the closure of KATP channels, which depolarizes the plasma membrane and permits Ca2+ influx and insulin secretion. Many of the molecular details regarding the assembly of the KATP complex, and how changes in nucleotide concentrations affect gating, have recently been uncovered by several single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of the pancreatic KATP channel (Kir6.2/SUR1) at near-atomic resolution. Here, the author discusses the detailed picture of excitatory and inhibitory ligand binding to KATP that these structures present and suggests a possible mechanism by which channel activation may proceed from the ligand-binding domains of SUR to the channel pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Puljung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
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15
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Loppini A, Pedersen MG, Braun M, Filippi S. Gap-junction coupling and ATP-sensitive potassium channels in human β-cell clusters: Effects on emergent dynamics. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:032403. [PMID: 29346932 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The importance of gap-junction coupling between β cells in pancreatic islets is well established in mouse. Such ultrastructural connections synchronize cellular activity, confine biological heterogeneity, and enhance insulin pulsatility. Dysfunction of coupling has been associated with diabetes and altered β-cell function. However, the role of gap junctions between human β cells is still largely unexplored. By using patch-clamp recordings of β cells from human donors, we previously estimated electrical properties of these channels by mathematical modeling of pairs of human β cells. In this work we revise our estimate by modeling triplet configurations and larger heterogeneous clusters. We find that a coupling conductance in the range 0.005-0.020 nS/pF can reproduce experiments in almost all the simulated arrangements. We finally explore the consequence of gap-junction coupling of this magnitude between β cells with mutant variants of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels involved in some metabolic disorders and diabetic conditions, translating studies performed on rodents to the human case. Our results are finally discussed from the perspective of therapeutic strategies. In summary, modeling of more realistic clusters with more than two β cells slightly lowers our previous estimate of gap-junction conductance and gives rise to patterns that more closely resemble experimental traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loppini
- Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, I-00128 Rome, Italy
| | - M G Pedersen
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - M Braun
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7 Alberta, Canada
| | - S Filippi
- Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, I-00128 Rome, Italy
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Ahmed DM, Abdel Dayem SM, Abdel Kader M, Khalifa RH, El-Lebedy DH, Kamel SA, Shawky SM. Utilizing the KCNJ11 Gene Mutations in Spotting Egyptian Patients With Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Who Can Benefit From Treatment Shift. Lab Med 2017; 48:225-229. [PMID: 28460053 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus. Until now, patients in developing countries who had this condition had been misdiagnosed as having type 1 diabetes mellitus and accordingly directed to erroneous, ineffective, and costly therapeutic regimens. Objective To detect Egyptian patients who harbor pathological variant in the KCNJ11 gene, so that their treatment regimen can be modified as needed to increase its effectiveness. Methods We sequenced KCNJ11 in 17 ethnic Egyptian probands diagnosed with diabetes mellitus before age 2 years. Results A preliminary case individual harboring a KCNJ11 pathological variant (p.R201H) was identified. The patient was successfully shifted from insulin therapy to sulfonylurea. Four previously identified benign variants, namely, E23K, I337V, L270V, and A190A, were detected in this patient. Conclusion Implementing the findings of this molecular analysis could have a major clinical and nationwide economic impact on world health, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Ahmed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Abdel Kader
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania H Khalifa
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-aini, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Lebedy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf A Kamel
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Shawky
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-aini, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li N, Wu JX, Ding D, Cheng J, Gao N, Chen L. Structure of a Pancreatic ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel. Cell 2017; 168:101-110.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ozsu E, Giri D, Seymen Karabulut G, Senniappan S. Successful transition to sulfonylurea therapy in two Iraqi siblings with neonatal diabetes mellitus and iDEND syndrome due to ABCC8 mutation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1403-1406. [PMID: 27849623 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes is a rare form of monogenic diabetes characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia during the first 6-9 months of age. About half of the cases of neonatal diabetes are transient forms resulting from mutations in the genes in the imprinted region of chromosome 6q24 and the other half are permanent forms. Activating mutations in the potassium ATP (KATP) channels encoded by the genes KCNJ11 and ABCC8 are responsible for the majority of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Mutations in KATP channels can be associated with Developmental delay, Epilepsy and Neonatal Diabetes (DEND) syndrome. Intermediate DEND (iDEND) syndrome is a rare mild form of DEND syndrome. Successful transition from insulin to sulphonyl urea (SU) agents in patients with PNDM due to KCNJ11 mutations and in patients with intermediate DEND syndrome due to KCNJ11 mutation have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, the successful transition of PNDM with DEND due to ABCC8 mutation has only been reported only once before in the literature. We report the successful transition from insulin to SU in two Iraqi siblings with PNDM due to ABCC8 mutation, one with iDEND.
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DNA methylation regulates hypothalamic gene expression linking parental diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity in Psammomys obesus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1079-88. [PMID: 27108813 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The rising incidence of obesity is a major public health issue worldwide. Recent human and animal studies suggest that parental diet can influence fetal development and is implicated with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring. The hypothalamus is central to body energy homoeostasis and appetite by controlling endocrine signals. We hypothesise that offspring susceptibility to obesity is programmed in the hypothalamus in utero and mediated by changes to DNA methylation, which persist to adulthood. We investigated hypothalamic genome-wide DNA methylation in Psammomys obesus diet during pregnancy to the offspring's risk of obesity. METHODS Using methyl-CpG binding domain capture and deep sequencing (MBD-seq), we examined the hypothalamus of offspring exposed to a low-fat diet and standard chow diet during the gestation and lactation period. RESULTS Offspring exposed to a low-fat parental diet were more obese and had increased circulating insulin and glucose levels. Methylome profiling identified 1447 genomic regions of differential methylation between offspring of parents fed a low-fat diet compared with parents on standard chow diet. Pathway analysis shows novel DNA methylation changes of hypothalamic genes associated with neurological function, nutrient sensing, appetite and energy balance. Differential DNA methylation corresponded to changes in hypothalamic gene expression of Tas1r1 and Abcc8 in the offspring exposed to low-fat parental diet. CONCLUSION Subject to parental low-fat diet, we observe DNA methylation changes of genes associated with obesity in offspring.
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Singh P, Rao SC, Parikh R. Neonatal diabetes with intractable epilepsy: DEND syndrome. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:1387-8. [PMID: 24912436 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-014-1486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (PNDM), is a rare monogenic disorder, caused by activating mutations of the KATP channel. The most severe clinical form of PNDM presents as Developmental delay, Epilepsy and Neonatal Diabetes (DEND) syndrome. Diagnosis is confirmed by genetic mutation testing. Oral sulfonylurea therapy improves neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, B. J. Wadia Hospital for Children, Parel, Mumbai, India,
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Hiriart M, Velasco M, Larqué C, Diaz-Garcia CM. Metabolic Syndrome and Ionic Channels in Pancreatic Beta Cells. THE PANCREATIC BETA CELL 2014; 95:87-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800174-5.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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