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Rani A, Stadler JT, Marsche G. HDL-based therapeutics: A promising frontier in combating viral and bacterial infections. Pharmacol Ther 2024:108684. [PMID: 38964560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and impaired HDL functionality have been consistently associated with increased susceptibility to infection and its serious consequences. This has been attributed to the critical role of HDL in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis, which is essential for the proper functioning of immune and structural cells. HDL, a multifunctional particle, exerts pleiotropic effects in host defense against pathogens. It functions as a natural nanoparticle, capable of sequestering and neutralizing potentially harmful substances like bacterial lipopolysaccharides. HDL possesses antiviral activity, preventing viruses from entering or fusing with host cells, thereby halting their replication cycle. Understanding the complex relationship between HDL and the immune system may reveal innovative targets for developing new treatments to combat infectious diseases and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to emphasize the role of HDL in influencing the course of bacterial and viral infections and its and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Julia T Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria.
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2
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Li Y, Luo X, Hua Z, Xue X, Wang X, Pang M, Wang T, Lyu A, Liu Y. Apolipoproteins as potential communicators play an essential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of early atherosclerosis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4493-4510. [PMID: 37781031 PMCID: PMC10535700 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis as the leading cause of the cardiovascular disease is closely related to cholesterol deposition within subendothelial areas of the arteries. Significantly, early atherosclerosis intervention is the critical phase for its reversal. As atherosclerosis progresses, early foam cells formation may evolve into fibrous plaques and atheromatous plaque, ulteriorly rupture of atheromatous plaque increases risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, resulting in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Notably, amphiphilic apolipoproteins (Apos) can concomitantly combine with lipids to form soluble lipoproteins that have been demonstrated to associate with atherosclerosis. Apos act as crucial communicators of lipoproteins, which not only can mediate lipids metabolism, but also can involve in pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic processes of atherosclerosis via affecting subendothelial retention and aggregation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidative modification of LDL, foam cells formation and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in macrophage cells. Correspondingly, Apos can be used as endogenous and/or exogenous targeting agents to effectively attenuate the development of atherosclerosis. The article reviews the classification, structure, and relationship between Apos and lipids, how Apos serve as communicators of lipoproteins to participate in the pathogenesis progression of early atherosclerosis, as well as how Apos as the meaningful targeting mass is used in early atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshi Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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3
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Markina YV, Kirichenko TV, Tolstik TV, Bogatyreva AI, Zotova US, Cherednichenko VR, Postnov AY, Markin AM. Target and Cell Therapy for Atherosclerosis and CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10308. [PMID: 37373454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and, in particular, atherosclerosis, remain the main cause of death in the world today. Unfortunately, in most cases, CVD therapy begins after the onset of clinical symptoms and is aimed at eliminating them. In this regard, early pathogenetic therapy for CVD remains an urgent problem in modern science and healthcare. Cell therapy, aimed at eliminating tissue damage underlying the pathogenesis of some pathologies, including CVD, by replacing it with various cells, is of the greatest interest. Currently, cell therapy is the most actively developed and potentially the most effective treatment strategy for CVD associated with atherosclerosis. However, this type of therapy has some limitations. In this review, we have tried to summarize the main targets of cell therapy for CVD and atherosclerosis in particular based on the analysis using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Taisiya V Tolstik
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Ulyana S Zotova
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Anton Yu Postnov
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander M Markin
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
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4
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Srivastava RAK. A Review of Progress on Targeting LDL Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia, a Major Risk Factor of ASCVD. Cells 2023; 12:1648. [PMID: 37371118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the LDL receptor in 1973 by Brown and Goldstein as a causative protein in hypercholesterolemia, tremendous amounts of effort have gone into finding ways to manage high LDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemic (HoFH and HeFH) individuals with loss-of-function mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Statins proved to be the first blockbuster drug, helping both HoFH and HeFH individuals by inhibiting the cholesterol synthesis pathway rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase and inducing the LDL receptor. However, statins could not achieve the therapeutic goal of LDL. Other therapies targeting LDLR include PCSK9, which lowers LDLR by promoting LDLR degradation. Inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) also controls the LDLR protein, but an IDOL-based therapy is yet to be developed. Among the LDLR-independent pathways, such as angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoC-III and CETP, only ANGPTL3 offers the advantage of treating both HoFH and HeFH patients and showing relatively better preclinical and clinical efficacy in animal models and hypercholesterolemic individuals, respectively. While loss-of-LDLR-function mutations have been known for decades, gain-of-LDLR-function mutations have recently been identified in some individuals. The new information on gain of LDLR function, together with CRISPR-Cas9 genome/base editing technology to target LDLR and ANGPTL3, offers promise to HoFH and HeFH individuals who are at a higher risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Ajit K Srivastava
- Integrated Pharma Solutions LLC, Boston, MA 02101-02117, USA
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02101-02117, USA
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5
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Liu S, Jiang W, Liu C, Guo S, Wang H, Chang X. Chinese chestnut shell polyphenol extract regulates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate high-fat diet-induced, leptin-resistant obesity in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:4807-4823. [PMID: 37128963 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chinese chestnut shell is a by-product of chestnut food processing and is rich in polyphenols. This study sought to investigate the effect of chestnut shell polyphenol extract (CSP) on weight loss and lipid reduction in a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD)-induced murine obesity model. CSP (300 mg per kg body weight) was administered intragastrically daily. AG490, a JAK2 protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was also intraperitoneally injected. The results showed that an HFD induced leptin resistance (LR). Compared to corresponding values in the HFD group, CSP treatment improved blood lipid levels, weight, and leptin levels in obese mice (p < 0.01). Additionally, CSP treatment enhanced enzyme activity by improving total antioxidant capacity, attenuating oxidative stress, and reducing fat droplet accumulation and inflammation in the liver, epididymal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. CSP also activated the LEPR-JAK2/STAT3-PTP1B-SOCS-3 signal transduction pathway in hypothalamus tissue and improved LR while regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism (PPARγ, FAS, and LPL) in white adipose tissue in the retroperitoneal cavity. However, the amelioration of lipid metabolism by CSP was dependent on JAK2. Molecular docking simulation further demonstrated the strong binding affinity of procyanidin C1 (-10.3983297 kcal mol-1) and procyanidin B1 (-9.12686729 kcal mol-1) to the crystal structure of JAK2. These results suggest that CSP may be used to reduce HFD-induced obesity with potential application as a functional food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
- Hebei Yanshan Special Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Wenhong Jiang
- Hebei Yanshan Special Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Cofco Great Wall Wine (Ningxia) Co., Ltd, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750100, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
| | - Shuo Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuedong Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.
- Hebei Yanshan Special Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
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6
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Cen Y, Xiong Y, Qin R, Tao H, Yang Q, Pan X. Anti-malarial artesunate ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123700. [PMID: 36817159 PMCID: PMC9931906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), and involves a complex interplay between blood components, macrophages, and arterial wall. Therefore, it is valuable in the development of targeted therapies to treat AS. Methods: AS rat model was induced by atherogenic diet plus with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated by anti-malarial artesunate (Art), a succinate derivative of artemisinin. The arterial morphology was observed after Oil red O, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's staining. The arterial protein level was detected by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. The expression level of mRNA was determined by PCR array or real-time PCR. Results: Herein, we showed that Art possessed a dose-dependently protective effect on AS rats. In detail, Art showed a comparable inhibitory effect on arterial plaque and serum lipids compared to those of rosuvastatin (RS), and further showed a better inhibition on arterial lipid deposition and arterial remodeling comprised of arterial wall thicken and vascular collagen deposition, than those of RS. The improvement of Art on AS rats was related to inhibit arterial macrophage recruitment, and inhibit nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related excessive arterial inflammatory responses. Critically, Art showed significant inhibition on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both arterial wall and arterial macrophages, by down-regulating the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis associated speckle-like protein containing CARD (ASC), leading to less production of the NLRP3 inflammasome-derived caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and subsequent transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in AS rats. Conclusion: We propose that Art is an anti-AS agent acts through modulating the arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB - NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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7
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Lipopolysaccharides and Cellular Senescence: Involvement in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911148. [PMID: 36232471 PMCID: PMC9569556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular walls related to aging. Thus far, the roles of cellular senescence and bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have been speculated to be independent of each other. Some types of macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells are in a senescent state at the sites of atherosclerotic lesions. Likewise, bacterial infections and accumulations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, have also been observed in the atherosclerotic lesions of patients. This review introduces the integration of these two potential pathways in atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested that LPS directly induces cellular senescence in cultured monocytes/macrophages and vascular cells. In addition, LPS enhances the inflammatory properties (senescence-associated secretory phenotype [SASP]) of senescent endothelial cells. Thus, LPS derived from Gram-negative bacteria could exaggerate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by inducing and enhancing cellular senescence and the SASP-associated inflammatory properties of specific vascular cells in atherosclerotic lesions. This proposed mechanism can provide novel approaches to preventing and treating this common age-related disease.
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8
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5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone Inhibits LPS-Induced Vascular Inflammation by Targeting the Cav1 Protein. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092884. [PMID: 35566232 PMCID: PMC9101869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is directly responsible for atherosclerosis. 5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), a synthetic bromophenol derivative, exhibits anti-atherosclerosis and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying pathways are not yet clear. In this study, we first examined the effects of TDD on toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activity, the signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and found that TDD does not inhibit LPS-induced TLR4 expression in EA.hy926 cells and the vascular wall in vivo. Next, we investigated the global protein alterations and the mechanisms underlying the action of TDD in LPS-treated EA.hy926 cells using an isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantification technique. Western blot analysis revealed that TDD inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation IκBα. Among the differentially expressed proteins, TDD concentration-dependently inhibited Caveolin 1(Cav1) expression. The interaction between Cav1 and TDD was determined by using biolayer interference assay, UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectrum, and molecular docking. We found that TDD can directly bind to Cav1 through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. In conclusion, our results showed that TDD inhibited LPS-induced vascular inflammation and the NF-κB signaling pathway by specifically targeting the Cav1 protein. TDD may be a novel anti-inflammatory compound, especially for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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9
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Wang C, Deng H, Liu F, Yin Q, Xia L. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis: focus on immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13174. [PMID: 35474231 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) play important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation are important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM-derived metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti-atherosclerotic effects of GM-directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibers, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug-induced adverse events in anti-inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM-derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hualing Deng
- Operating room, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Zerumbone suppresses high glucose and LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1-derived macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB/TLR signaling pathway. Nutr Res 2022; 100:58-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Khosrojerdi A, Jamialahmadi T, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Implications for the role of lipopolysaccharide in the development of atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:525-533. [PMID: 34492295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mounting scientific evidence over decades has established that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Among the potentially critical sources of vascular inflammation during atherosclerosis are the components of pathogenic bacteria, especially lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, expressed on different inflammatory cells involved with the recognition of bacterial LPS, has been recognized to have mutations that are prevalent in a number of ethnic groups. Such mutations have been associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, epidemiological investigations have proposed that LPS confers a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Gram-negative bacteria are the major source of LPS in an individual's serum, which may be generated during subclinical infections. The major cell receptors on inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, like macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), are CD14, MD-2, and LPS binding protein (LBP). These receptors have been blamed for the development of atherosclerosis through dysregulated activation following LPS recognition. Lipoproteins may also play a role in modulating the LPS-induced inflammatory events during atherosclerosis development. In this review article, we attempt to clarify the role of LPS in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108, USA.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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von Scheidt M, Zhao Y, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Che N, Wierer M, Seldin MM, Franzén O, Kurt Z, Pang S, Bongiovanni D, Yamamoto M, Edwards PA, Ruusalepp A, Kovacic JC, Mann M, Björkegren JLM, Lusis AJ, Yang X, Schunkert H. Transcription Factor MAFF (MAF Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor F) Regulates an Atherosclerosis Relevant Network Connecting Inflammation and Cholesterol Metabolism. Circulation 2021; 143:1809-1823. [PMID: 33626882 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial condition with both genetic and exogenous causes. The contribution of tissue-specific functional networks to the development of atherosclerosis remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize central regulators and networks leading to atherosclerosis. METHODS Based on several hundred genes known to affect atherosclerosis risk in mouse (as demonstrated in knockout models) and human (as shown by genome-wide association studies), liver gene regulatory networks were modeled. The hierarchical order and regulatory directions of genes within the network were based on Bayesian prediction models, as well as experimental studies including chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, overexpression, small interfering RNA knockdown in mouse and human liver cells, and knockout mouse experiments. Bioinformatics and correlation analyses were used to clarify associations between central genes and CAD phenotypes in both human and mouse. RESULTS The transcription factor MAFF (MAF basic leucine zipper transcription factor F) interacted as a key driver of a liver network with 3 human genes at CAD genome-wide association studies loci and 11 atherosclerotic murine genes. Most importantly, expression levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene correlated with MAFF in 600 CAD patients undergoing bypass surgery (STARNET [Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task]) and a hybrid mouse diversity panel involving 105 different inbred mouse strains. Molecular mechanisms of MAFF were tested in noninflammatory conditions and showed positive correlation between MAFF and LDLR in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (inflammatory conditions), an inverse correlation between MAFF and LDLR in vitro and in vivo was observed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry revealed that the human CAD genome-wide association studies candidate BACH1 (BTB domain and CNC homolog 1) assists MAFF in the presence of lipopolysaccharide stimulation with respective heterodimers binding at the MAF recognition element of the LDLR promoter to transcriptionally downregulate LDLR expression. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor MAFF was identified as a novel central regulator of an atherosclerosis/CAD-relevant liver network. MAFF triggered context-specific expression of LDLR and other genes known to affect CAD risk. Our results suggest that MAFF is a missing link between inflammation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz von Scheidt
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.v.S., S.P., H.S.).,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.v.S., D.B., H.S.)
| | | | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Departments of Medicine (T.Q.d.A.V., N.C., P.A.E., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Biological Chemistry (T.Q.d.A.V., P.A.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nam Che
- Departments of Medicine (T.Q.d.A.V., N.C., P.A.E., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (N.C., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Human Genetics (N.C., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (M.W., M.M.)
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine (M.M.S.)
| | - Oscar Franzén
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden (O.F., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (Z.K.)
| | - Shichao Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.v.S., S.P., H.S.)
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.v.S., D.B., H.S.).,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany (D.B.)
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (M.Y.)
| | - Peter A Edwards
- Departments of Medicine (T.Q.d.A.V., N.C., P.A.E., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Biological Chemistry (T.Q.d.A.V., P.A.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, Estonia (A.R.).,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.C.K., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (M.W., M.M.)
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden (O.F., J.L.M.B.).,Clinical Gene Networks AB, Stockholm, Sweden (A.R., J.L.M.B.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.C.K., J.L.M.B.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine (T.Q.d.A.V., N.C., P.A.E., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (N.C., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.,Human Genetics (N.C., A.J.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (Y.Z., X.Y.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.v.S., S.P., H.S.).,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.v.S., D.B., H.S.)
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13
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Afroz R, Zhou Y, Little PJ, Xu S, Mohamed R, Stow J, Kamato D. Toll-like Receptor 4 Stimulates Gene Expression via Smad2 Linker Region Phosphorylation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:524-534. [PMID: 32566917 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis begins in the vessel wall with the retention of low density lipoproteins to modified proteoglycans with hyperelongated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Bacterial infections produce endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide that exacerbate the outcome of atherosclerosis by generating a heightened state of inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its toll-like receptor (TLR) is well-known for its role in mediating an inflammatory response in the body. Emerging evidence demonstrates that TLRs are involved in regulating vascular functions. In this study we sought to investigate the role of LPS in proteoglycan modification and GAG chain elongation, and we hypothesize that LPS will signal via Smad2 dependent pathways to regulate GAG chain elongation. The in vitro model used human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. GAG gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was performed using whole-cell protein lysates to assess the signaling pathway. LPS via TLR4 stimulates the expression of GAG synthesizing enzymes to an equal extent to traditional cardiovascular agonists. LPS phosphorylates the Smad2 linker region via TAK-1/MAPK dependent pathways which correlated with genes associated with GAG chain initiation and elongation. The well-characterized role of LPS in inflammation and our data on GAG gene expression demonstrates that GAG chain elongation is the earliest marker of the inflammatory cascade in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Afroz
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Raafat Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.,Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Jennifer Stow
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Krawczyńska A, Antushevich H, Bochenek J, Wojtulewicz K, Pawlina B, Herman A, Zięba D. Photoperiodic conditions as a factor modulating leptin influence
on pro-inflammatory cytokines
and their receptors gene expression in ewe’s aorta. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/110022/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Otis JP, Shen MC, Caldwell BA, Reyes Gaido OE, Farber SA. Dietary cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I are trafficked in endosomes and lysosomes in the live zebrafish intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G350-G365. [PMID: 30629468 PMCID: PMC6415739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in imaging the vertebrate intestine in vivo has hindered our ability to model nutrient and protein trafficking from both the lumenal and basolateral aspects of enterocytes. Our goal was to use live confocal imaging to increase understanding of intestinal trafficking of dietary cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), the main structural component of high-density lipoproteins. We developed a novel assay to visualize live dietary cholesterol trafficking in the zebrafish intestine by feeding TopFluor-cholesterol (TF-cholesterol), a fluorescent cholesterol analog, in a lipid-rich, chicken egg yolk feed. Quantitative microscopy of transgenic zebrafish expressing fluorescently tagged protein markers of early, recycling, and late endosomes/lysosomes provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, of cholesterol transport in the intestinal endosomal-lysosomal trafficking system. To study APOA-I dynamics, transgenic zebrafish expressing an APOA-I fluorescent fusion protein (APOA-I-mCherry) from tissue-specific promoters were created. These zebrafish demonstrated that APOA-I-mCherry derived from the intestine accumulated in the liver and vice versa. Additionally, intracellular APOA-I-mCherry localized to endosomes and lysosomes in the intestine and liver. Moreover, live imaging demonstrated that APOA-I-mCherry colocalized with dietary TF-cholesterol in enterocytes, and this colocalization increased with feeding time. This study provides a new set of tools for the study of cellular lipid biology and elucidates a key role for endosomal-lysosomal trafficking of intestinal cholesterol and APOA-I. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A fluorescent cholesterol analog was fed to live, translucent larval zebrafish to visualize intracellular cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I) trafficking. With this model intestinal endosomal-lysosomal cholesterol trafficking was observed for the first time. A new APOA-I fusion protein (APOA-I-mCherry) expressed from tissue-specific promoters was secreted into the circulation and revealed that liver-derived APOA-I-mCherry accumulates in the intestine and vice versa. Intestinal, intracellular APOA-I-mCherry was observed in endosomes and lysosomes and colocalized with dietary cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Otis
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meng-Chieh Shen
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Blake A. Caldwell
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Oscar E. Reyes Gaido
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland,2Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven A. Farber
- 1Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland,2Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Liu Y, Li C, Wu H, Xie X, Sun Y, Dai M. Paeonol Attenuated Inflammatory Response of Endothelial Cells via Stimulating Monocytes-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA-223. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1105. [PMID: 30515094 PMCID: PMC6256086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Paeonol, an active compound isolated from the radix of Cortex Moutan, has been shown to have anti-atherosclerosis effects by regulating blood cells' function and protecting vascular cells injury. Besides, emerging evidences has proven that exosomes might play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transmiting proteins and microRNAs from cell to cell. However, the relationship between monocytes-derived exosomal microRNA-223 and vascular inflammation injury along with paeonol' effects are still not clear. Objective: Our study aimed to explain whether paeonol's protective effect on inflammatory response is related to the regulation of exosomal microRNA-223 in the VECs. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed with high fat diet to replicate the AS model. HE staining and immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory response of aorta. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-223 expression. Exosomes were extracted from THP-1 cells by differential centrifugation and observed by transmission electron microscope. Observation of exosomes uptake into HUVECs was realized by laser microscopy. miR-223 target gene was detected by double luciferase gene report test. Results: In vivo experiments confirmed that paeonol restricted atherosclerosis development and increased miR-223 expression, inhibited STAT3 pathway in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, miR-223 showed robust presence in THP-1 cells and undetectable in HUVECs. And we had observed that miR-223 could be internalized from THP-1 cells into HUVECs taking exosomes as a carrier. Paeonol obviously increased miR-223 expression in co-cultured HUVECs and exosomes in concentration dependent manner, compared to LPS group. In addition, paeonol relieved inflammatory secretion, adhesion and STAT3 expression in HUVECs, which could be inverted after miR-223 inhibitor transfection into THP-1 cells. Conclusion: Paeonol could increase the expression of miR-223 in THP-1 derived exosomes and in HUVECs after uptake of exosomes, whereas decrease the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3 in HUVECs. Ultimately paeonol decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in HUVECs and alleviated adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xianmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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17
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ApoA-1 Mimetic Peptide ELK-2A2K2E Decreases Inflammatory Factor Levels Through the ABCA1-JAK2-STAT3-TTP Axis in THP-1–Derived Macrophages. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 72:60-67. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Liu Y, Xu D, Yin C, Wang S, Wang M, Xiao Y. IL-10/STAT3 is reduced in childhood obesity with hypertriglyceridemia and is related to triglyceride level in diet-induced obese rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29895283 PMCID: PMC5998569 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorder such as dyslipidemia has sharply increased in the past few decades. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the development of comorbidities and poor prognosis in obesity. This study aims to evaluate interleukin-10 (IL-10) in childhood obesity with hypertriglyceridemia. METHOD We evaluated IL-10 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression in adipose tissue (AT) as well as serum IL-10 in 62 children of 3 groups and in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rat. Expression of IL-10 and STAT3 protein in AT of diet-induced obese rats were examined over feed period. RESULTS Adipose IL-10 and STAT3 mRNA expression and serum IL-10 reduced in obese children with hypertriglyceridemia and in HFD obese rats. The protein expression of IL-10 and STAT3 decreased in AT of obese rats compared with the control rats at end time. Expression of IL-10 mRNA was negatively correlated to TG and LDL-C levels, and positively correlated to HDL-C, adiponectin and serum IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 expression and its downstream JAK-STAT pathway are down-regulated in obese children with hypertriglyceridemia and in HFD obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Xu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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19
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An D, Hao F, Hu C, Kong W, Xu X, Cui MZ. JNK1 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CD14 and SR-AI Expression and Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1075. [PMID: 29354064 PMCID: PMC5760559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation is the key process in the development of atherosclerosis. The uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) converts macrophages into foam cells. We recently reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced foam cell formation is regulated by CD14 and scavenger receptor AI (SR-AI). In this study, we employed pharmaceutical and gene knockdown approaches to determine the upstream molecular mediators, which control LPS-induced foam cell formation. Our results demonstrated that the specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway inhibitor, SP600125, but neither the specific inhibitor of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase MEK1/2, U0126, nor the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, significantly blocks LPS-induced oxLDL uptake, suggesting that the JNK pathway is the upstream mediator of LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. To address whether JNK pathway mediates LPS-induced oxLDL uptake is due to JNK pathway-regulated CD14 and SR-AI expression, we assessed whether the pharmaceutical inhibitor of JNK influences LPS-induced expression of CD14 and SR-AI. Our results indicate that JNK pathway mediates LPS-induced CD14 and SR-AI expression. To conclusively address the isoform role of JNK family, we depleted JNK isoforms using the JNK isoform-specific siRNA. Our data showed that the depletion of JNK1, but not JNK2 blocked LPS-induced CD14/SR-AI expression and foam cell formation. Taken together, our results reveal for the first time that JNK1 is the key mediator of LPS-induced CD14 and SR-AI expression in macrophages, leading to LPS-induced oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation. We conclude that the novel JNK1/CD14/SR-AI pathway controls macrophage oxLDL uptake/foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Feng Hao
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Wei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemin Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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20
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Zhang M, Zhao GJ, Yin K, Xia XD, Gong D, Zhao ZW, Chen LY, Zheng XL, Tang XE, Tang CK. Apolipoprotein A-1 Binding Protein Inhibits Inflammatory Signaling Pathways by Binding to Apolipoprotein A-1 in THP-1 Macrophages. Circ J 2018; 82:1396-1404. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University
| | - Kai Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Xiao-Dan Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Duo Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Xiao-Er Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaoyang University
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medicine Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China
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21
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Tan Y, Zhang H, Guo D, Wang J, Yuan X, Yuan Z. Adipophilin Involved in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cell via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1159-1167. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Pathology, Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dongming Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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22
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Guo J, Qu H, Chen Y, Xia J. The role of RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin in cancer and immunity. Med Oncol 2017; 34:196. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Matrine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress via CCR7 signal. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11621-11628. [PMID: 28086227 PMCID: PMC5355291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of matrine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that matrine improved intestinal inflammatory status and oxidative balance and enhanced chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression. In LPS-challenged mice and Caco-2 cells, matrine alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. CCR7-siRNA transfection blocked the protective effects of matrine on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and exacerbated LPS caused injury. In conclusion, matrine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and Caco-2 cells, which may be associated with CCR7 signal.
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24
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Feng J, Zhang J, Jackson AO, Zhu X, Chen H, Chen W, Gui Q, Yin K. Apolipoprotein A1 Inhibits the TGF-β1-Induced Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Cardiology 2017; 137:179-187. [PMID: 28434000 DOI: 10.1159/000464321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is the major cytokine for stimulating endothelial cells (ECs) to transdifferentiate to mesenchymal cells (MCs) in the process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Recently, TGF-β1-induced EndMT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). It has been identified that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-I) obstructs TGF-β1-induced endothelial dysfunction, providing a protective effect for ECs and also anti-AS activity. However, the exact role of ApoA-I in TGF-β1-induced EndMT is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ApoA-I can modulate TGF-β1-induced EndMT in human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS The HCAECs were treated with TGF-β1 with or without ApoA-I. Morphological changes in HCAECs and the expression of EndMT-related markers were evaluated. HCAECs treated with TGF-β1 were found to transform to MC morphology, with inconspicuous expression of EC markers such as vascular endothelial cadherin and CD31, and conspicuous expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) and α-smooth muscle actin. The treatment of HCAECs with ApoA-I inhibited the TGF-β1-induced EndMT, and elevated expression of EC markers was observed but reduced expression of MC markers. Moreover, ApoA-I impeded the expression level of Slug and Snail, crucial transcriptional factors of EndMT, and it inhibited the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 which affected the EC morphology. In addition, the knockdown of ABCA1 by RNA interference eliminated the inhibition effect of ApoA-I on TGF-β1-induced EndMT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a novel mechanism for the ApoA-I protective effect on endothelium function via the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced EndMT. This might provide new insights for developing strategies for modulating AS and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juling Feng
- Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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25
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Xiao J, Chen Q, Tang D, Ou W, Wang J, Mo Z, Tang C, Peng L, Wang D. Activation of liver X receptors promotes inflammatory cytokine mRNA degradation by upregulation of tristetraprolin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:277-283. [PMID: 28119310 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) have anti-inflammatory properties. Whether LXRs play a role in post-transcriptional control of inflammatory cytokine expression is not clear. Here, we firstly identified that the synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 promoted IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA degradation. Moreover, T0901317 destabilized TNFα mRNA through its 3'-untranslated region. In addition, T0901317 increased the expression of tristetraprolin (TTP), while antagonizing TTP with siRNA abrogated T0901317-mediated inflammatory cytokine mRNA decay. Interestingly, T0901317 repressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in THP-1 macrophages. The evidence presented here confirms that LXR activation with T0901317 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, likely resulting in the increased expression of TTP and the decay of LPS-induce inflammatory cytokine mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Weiwei Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Liangyu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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The persistence of low-grade inflammatory monocytes contributes to aggravated atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13436. [PMID: 27824038 PMCID: PMC5105176 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained low-grade inflammation mediated by non-resolving inflammatory monocytes has long been suspected in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the sustainment of non-resolving inflammatory monocytes during atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Here we observe that subclinical endotoxemia, often seen in humans with chronic inflammation, aggravates murine atherosclerosis through programming monocytes into a non-resolving inflammatory state with elevated Ly6C, CCR5, MCP-1 and reduced SR-B1. The sustainment of inflammatory monocytes is due to the disruption of homeostatic tolerance through the elevation of miR-24 and reduction of the key negative-feedback regulator IRAK-M. miR-24 reduces the levels of Smad4 required for the expression of IRAK-M and also downregulates key lipid-processing molecule SR-B1. IRAK-M deficiency in turn leads to elevated miR-24 levels, sustains disruption of monocyte homeostasis and aggravates atherosclerosis. Our data define an integrated feedback circuit in monocytes and its disruption may lead to non-resolving low-grade inflammation conducive to atherosclerosis.
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Mei W, Xiang G, Li Y, Li H, Xiang L, Lu J, Xiang L, Dong J, Liu M. GDF11 Protects against Endothelial Injury and Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Null Mice. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1926-1938. [PMID: 27502608 PMCID: PMC5154476 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) reduces cardiac hypertrophy, improves cerebral vasculature and enhances neurogenesis in ageing mice. Higher growth differentiation factor 11/8 (GDF11/8) is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events in humans. Here, we showed that adeno-associated viruses-GDF11 and recombinant GDF11 protein improve endothelial dysfunction, decrease endothelial apoptosis, and reduce inflammation, consequently decrease atherosclerotic plaques area in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Moreover, adeno-associated viruses-GDF11 and recombinant GDF11 stabilize atherosclerotic plaques by selectively decreasing in macrophages and T lymphocytes, while increasing in collagen and vascular smooth muscle cells within plaques. In addition, GDF11 inhibit palmitic acid-induced endothelial apoptosis and ameliorate palmitic acid-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Mechanistically, GDF11 activates the TGF-β/Smad2/3, AMPK/endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) while suppresses JNK and NF-κB pathways. In humans, circulating GDF11/8 is positively associated with flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in overweight subjects. We concluded that adeno-associated viruses-GDF11 and recombinant GDF11 protect against endothelial injury and reduce atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice, thus may be providing a novel approach to the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yixiang Li
- Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lingwei Xiang
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junyan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Luo H, Wang J, Qiao C, Zhang X, Zhang W, Ma N. ATF3 Inhibits Tenascin-C-induced Foam Cell Formation in LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Macrophages by Suppressing TLR-4. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:1214-23. [PMID: 26133317 DOI: 10.5551/jat.28415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Efficiently inhibiting the formation of macrophage foam cells is indispensable for mitigating and treating atherosclerosis. Tenascin-C (TN-C) plays an important role in promoting atherosclerosis; therefore, it is essential to inhibit foam cell formation associated with TN-C for controlling atherosclerosis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is one of the factors involved in regulating the complex process of foam cell formation. This study aimed to explore the role of TN-C and ATF3 in LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. METHODS RT-PCR was used for evaluating the expression of TN-C in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Further, exogenous TN-C was introduced and incubated with cultured THP-1 macrophages to confirm the effect of TN-C on LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. ATF3-modified THP-1 macrophages were constructed and verified by western blot. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and Oil red O staining were applied for detecting cholesteryl ester/total cholesterol (CE/TC) and lipid formation in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS The expression of TN-C was determined to be upregulated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HPLC assay and Oil red O staining confirmed that TN-C can enhance LPS-induced THP-1 macrophage foam cell formation. Moreover, ATF3 can act as a negative regulatory factor for inhibiting TN-C-induced foam cell formation by suppressing TLR-4 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION ATF3 can inhibit TN-C-induced foam cell formation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages by suppressing TLR-4. It may be a useful molecular target to control TN-C-induced foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Key Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
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Abstract
All aspects of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are critically influenced by the inflammatory response in vascular plaques. Research in the field of innate immunity from the past 2 decades has uncovered many novel mechanisms elucidating how immune cells sense microbes, tissue damage, and metabolic derangements. Here, we summarize which triggers of innate immunity appear during atherogenesis and by which pathways they can contribute to inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. The increased understanding gained from studies assessing how immune activation is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has provided many novel targets for potential therapeutic intervention. Excitingly, the concept that inflammation may be the core of cardiovascular disease is currently being clinically evaluated and will probably encourage further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zimmer
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.)
| | - Alena Grebe
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.)
| | - Eicke Latz
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (S.Z.) and Institute of Innate Immunity (A.G., E.L.), University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.); and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.).
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30
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Tavori H, Su YR, Yancey PG, Giunzioni I, Wilhelm AJ, Blakemore JL, Zabalawi M, Linton MF, Sorci-Thomas MG, Fazio S. Macrophage apoAI protects against dyslipidemia-induced dermatitis and atherosclerosis without affecting HDL. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:635-643. [PMID: 25593328 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue cholesterol accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and inflammation are features of atherosclerosis and some forms of dermatitis. HDL and its main protein, apoAI, are acceptors of excess cholesterol from macrophages; this process inhibits tissue inflammation. Recent epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence questions the role of HDL and its manipulation in cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effect of ectopic macrophage apoAI expression on atherosclerosis and dermatitis induced by the combination of hypercholesterolemia and absence of HDL in mice. Hematopoietic progenitor cells were transduced to express human apoAI and transplanted into lethally irradiated LDL receptor(-/-)/apoAI(-/-) mice, which were then placed on a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Macrophage apoAI expression reduced aortic CD4(+) T-cell levels (-39.8%), lesion size (-25%), and necrotic core area (-31.6%), without affecting serum HDL or aortic macrophage levels. Macrophage apoAI reduced skin cholesterol by 39.8%, restored skin morphology, and reduced skin CD4(+) T-cell levels. Macrophage apoAI also reduced CD4(+) T-cell levels (-32.9%) in skin-draining lymph nodes but had no effect on other T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages compared with control transplanted mice. Thus, macrophage apoAI expression protects against atherosclerosis and dermatitis by reducing cholesterol accumulation and regulating CD4(+) T-cell levels, without affecting serum HDL or tissue macrophage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Tavori
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ilaria Giunzioni
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ashley J Wilhelm
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John L Blakemore
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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Yin K, Agrawal DK. High-density lipoprotein: a novel target for antirestenosis therapy. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:500-11. [PMID: 25043950 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is an integral pathological process central to the recurrent vessel narrowing after interventional procedures. Although the mechanisms for restenosis are diverse in different pathological conditions, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and myofibroblasts transition have been thought to play crucial role in the development of restenosis. Indeed, there is an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, relatively studies on the direct assessment of HDL effect on restenosis are limited. In addition to involvement in the cholesterol reverse transport, many vascular protective effects of HDL, including protection of endothelium, antiinflammation, antithrombus actions, inhibition of SMC proliferation, and regulation by adventitial effects may contribute to the inhibition of restenosis, though the exact relationships between HDL and restenosis remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the vascular protective effects of HDL, emphasizing the potential role of HDL in intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, which may provide novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for antirestenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Feng J, Li A, Deng J, Yang Y, Dang L, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang W. miR-21 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response: potential role in cerebrovascular disease. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:27. [PMID: 24502419 PMCID: PMC3922422 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis constitutes the leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lipid deposition and inflammatory response are the crucial triggers for the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn more attention due to their prominent function on inflammatory process and lipid accumulation in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Here, we investigated the involvement of miR-21 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in macrophages. Methods After stimulation with the indicated times and doses of LPS, miR-21 mRNA levels were analyzed by Quantitative real-time PCR. Following transfection with miR-21 or anti-miR-21 inhibitor, lipid deposition and foam cell formation was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Oil-red O staining. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The underlying molecular mechanism was also investigated. Results In this study, LPS induced miR-21 expression in macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Further analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-21 by transfection with miR-21 mimics notably attenuated lipid accumulation and lipid-laden foam cell formation in LPS-stimulated macrophages, which was reversely up-regulated when silencing miR-21 expression via anti-miR-21 inhibitor transfection, indicating a reverse regulator of miR-21 in LPS-induced foam cell formation. Further mechanism assays suggested that miR-21 regulated lipid accumulation by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway as pretreatment with anti-TLR4 antibody or a specific inhibitor of NF-κB (PDTC) strikingly dampened miR-21 silence-induced lipid deposition. Additionally, overexpression of miR-21 significantly abrogated the inflammatory cytokines secretion of IL-6 and increased IL-10 levels, the corresponding changes were also observed when silencing miR-21 expression, which was impeded by preconditioning with TLR4 antibody or PDTC. Conclusions Taken together, these results corroborated that miR-21 could negatively regulate LPS-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in macrophages by the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, our research will provide a prominent insight into how miR-21 reversely abrogates bacterial infection-induced pathological processes of atherosclerosis, indicating a promising therapeutic prospect for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis by miR-21 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Cerebral vessels, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Hafiane A, Genest J. HDL, Atherosclerosis, and Emerging Therapies. CHOLESTEROL 2013; 2013:891403. [PMID: 23781332 PMCID: PMC3678415 DOI: 10.1155/2013/891403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview on the properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their cardioprotective effects. Emergent HDL therapies will be presented in the context of the current understanding of HDL function, metabolism, and protective antiatherosclerotic properties. The epidemiological association between levels of HDL-C or its major apolipoprotein (apoA-I) is strong, graded, and coherent across populations. HDL particles mediate cellular cholesterol efflux, have antioxidant properties, and modulate vascular inflammation and vasomotor function and thrombosis. A link of causality has been cast into doubt with Mendelian randomization data suggesting that genes causing HDL-C deficiency are not associated with increased cardiovascular risk, nor are genes associated with increased HDL-C, with a protective effect. Despite encouraging data from small studies, drugs that increase HDL-C levels have not shown an effect on major cardiovascular end-points in large-scale clinical trials. It is likely that the cholesterol mass within HDL particles is a poor biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. In the present review, we will focus on novel therapeutic avenues and potential biomarkers of HDL function. A better understanding of HDL antiatherogenic functions including reverse cholesterol transport, vascular protective and antioxidation effects will allow novel insight on novel, emergent therapies for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Genest
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
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