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He B, Stoffel L, He CJ, Cho K, Li AM, Jiang H, Flowers BM, Nguyen KT, Wang KW, Zhao AY, Zhou MN, Ferreira S, Attardi LD, Ye J. Epigenetic priming targets tumor heterogeneity to shift transcriptomic phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma towards a Vitamin D susceptible state. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:89. [PMID: 38272889 PMCID: PMC10810848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
As a highly heterogeneous tumor, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits non-uniform responses to therapies across subtypes. Overcoming therapeutic resistance stemming from this heterogeneity remains a significant challenge. Here, we report that Vitamin D-resistant PDAC cells hijacked Vitamin D signaling to promote tumor progression, whereas epigenetic priming with glyceryl triacetate (GTA) and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) overcame Vitamin D resistance and shifted the transcriptomic phenotype of PDAC toward a Vitamin D-susceptible state. Increasing overall H3K27 acetylation with GTA and reducing overall DNA methylation with 5-Aza not only elevated the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression but also reprogrammed the Vitamin D-responsive genes. Consequently, Vitamin D inhibited cell viability and migration in the epigenetically primed PDAC cells by activating genes involved in apoptosis as well as genes involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation and migration, while the opposite effect of Vitamin D was observed in unprimed cells. Studies in genetically engineered mouse PDAC cells further validated the effects of epigenetic priming for enhancing the anti-tumor activity of Vitamin D. Using gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we further demonstrated that VDR expression was necessary but not sufficient for activating the favorable transcriptomic phenotype in respond to Vitamin D treatment in PDAC, highlighting that both the VDR and Vitamin D-responsive genes were prerequisites for Vitamin D response. These data reveal a previously undefined mechanism in which epigenetic state orchestrates the expression of both VDR and Vitamin D-responsive genes and determines the therapeutic response to Vitamin D in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lauren Stoffel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Clifford Jiajun He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kumsun Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Albert M Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brittany M Flowers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kha The Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kelly Wen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Audrey Yixin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Meng-Ning Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells—An Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101497. [DOI: 10.3390/life12101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be obtained by extraction from the biomass. The respective extraction techniques determine the composition of substances in the extract and thus its biological activity. In this short review, we provide an overview of the hydrophilic compounds (phenols, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and vitamins) and lipophilic ingredients (chlorophylls, vitamins, fatty acids, and glycolipids) of Arthrospira platensis. The principal influences of these substances on blood and tissue cells are briefly summarized.
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Antoine T, El Aoud A, Alvarado-Ramos K, Halimi C, Vairo D, Georgé S, Reboul E. Impact of pulses, starches and meat on vitamin D and K postprandial responses in mice. Food Chem 2022; 402:133922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gleba JJ, Kłopotowska D, Banach J, Mielko KA, Turlej E, Maciejewska M, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Micro-RNAs in Response to Active Forms of Vitamin D3 in Human Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095019. [PMID: 35563410 PMCID: PMC9104187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding micro-RNA (miRNAs) regulate the protein expression responsible for cell growth and proliferation. miRNAs also play a role in a cancer cells’ response to drug treatment. Knowing that leukemia and lymphoma cells show different responses to active forms of vitamin D3, we decided to investigate the role of selected miRNA molecules and regulated proteins, analyzing if there is a correlation between the selected miRNAs and regulated proteins in response to two active forms of vitamin D3, calcitriol and tacalcitol. A total of nine human cell lines were analyzed: five leukemias: MV-4-1, Thp-1, HL-60, K562, and KG-1; and four lymphomas: Raji, Daudi, Jurkat, and U2932. We selected five miRNA molecules—miR-27b, miR-32, miR-125b, miR-181a, and miR-181b—and the proteins regulated by these molecules, namely, CYP24A1, Bak1, Bim, p21, p27, p53, and NF-kB. The results showed that the level of selected miRNAs correlates with the level of proteins, especially p27, Bak1, NFκB, and CYP24A1, and miR-27b and miR-125b could be responsible for the anticancer activity of active forms of vitamin D3 in human leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Joanna Gleba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-1-904-207-2571
| | - Dagmara Kłopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Karolina Anna Mielko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27 B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (J.B.); (K.A.M.); (E.T.); (M.M.); (J.W.)
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Atoum MF, Alzoughool FE, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Tahtamouni LH. Vitamin B12 enhances the antitumor activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 via activation of caspases and targeting actin cytoskeleton. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:17-35. [PMID: 35180142 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is an effective anticancer agent, and when combined with other agents it shows superior activities. Vitamin B12 has been shown to contribute to increasing the effectiveness of anticancer drugs when used in combination. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12. METHODS MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of combining 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 against six different cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The surviving fraction after clonogenic assay was measured, and the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/B12 combination on the activity of different caspases, cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, cell morphology, and percentage of polarized cells were evaluated. RESULTS Vitamin B12 did not cause cytotoxicity, however, it enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,25(OH)2D3 against cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its combination with vitamin B12 was not evident in the normal mammary MCF10A cell line indicating cancer cell-specificity. The cytotoxic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/B12 combination occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was attributed to apoptosis induction which was mediated by caspase 4 and 8. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3/B12-treated cells showed enhanced inhibition of clonogenic tumor growth, reduced cell adhesion, reduced cell area, reduced percentage of cell polarization, and disorganized actin cytoskeleton resulting in reduced migratory phenotype when compared to cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone. CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 exhibited synergistic anticancer effects against different cancer cell lines. The combination therapy of 1,25(OH)2D3 and vitamin B12 may provide a potential adjunctive treatment option for some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar F Atoum
- Department Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Foad E Alzoughool
- Department Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Fujairah Women's College, Higher Colleges Technology, UAE
| | - Zainab A Al-Mazaydeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Majdoleen S Rammaha
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Vitamin D and Vitamin D Analogs as Adjuncts to Field Therapy Treatments for Actinic Keratoses: Current Research and Future Approaches. J Skin Cancer 2021; 2021:9920558. [PMID: 34306760 PMCID: PMC8249223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AK), also known as solar keratoses, are precancerous hyperkeratotic papules caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Management of AK prior to progression to cutaneous malignancy represents an important window of intervention. This is important on a population level, given the high incidence, morbidity, financial costs, and the low but measurable risk of mortality from cutaneous neoplasia. Treatments for AK have been refined for many years with significant progress over the past decade. Those recent advancements lead to questions about current treatment paradigms and the role of harnessing the immune system in field therapies. Recent studies suggest a key interplay between vitamin D and cancer immunity; in particular, the systemic and/or topical vitamin D analogs can augment field therapies used for severe actinic damage. In this review, we will examine the literature supporting the use of vitamin D-directed therapies to improve field therapy approaches. An enhanced understanding of these recent concepts with a focus on mechanisms is important in the optimized management of AK. These mechanisms will be critical in guiding whether selected populations, including those with immunosuppression, heritable cancer syndromes, and other risk factors for skin cancer, can benefit from these new concepts with vitamin D analogs and whether the approaches will be as effective in these populations as in immunocompetent patients.
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Pharmacokinetic Estimation Models-based Approach to Predict Clinical Implications for CYP Induction by Calcitriol in Human Cryopreserved Hepatocytes and HepaRG Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020181. [PMID: 33572963 PMCID: PMC7911399 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol, a vitamin D3 metabolite, is approved for various indications because it is the bioactive form of vitamin D in the body. The purpose of this study was to predict the clinical significance of cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction by calcitriol using in vitro human cryopreserved hepatocytes, HepaRG experimental systems, and various pharmacokinetic estimation models. CYP2B6, 3A4, 2C8, and 2C9 mRNA levels increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of calcitriol in human cryopreserved hepatocytes and HepaRG cells. Using the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and maximum induction effect (Emax) obtained from the in vitro study, a basic kinetic model was applied, suggesting clinical relevance. In addition, a static mechanistic model showed the improbability of a clinically significant effect; however, the calculated area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio (AUCR) was marginal for CYP3A4 in HepaRG cells. To clarify the effect of CYP3A4 in vivo, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was applied as a dynamic mechanistic model, revealing a low clinically significant effect of CYP3A4 induction by calcitriol. Therefore, we conclude that CYP induction by calcitriol treatment would not be clinically significant under typical clinical conditions.
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Burst, Short, and Sustained Vitamin D 3 Applications Differentially Affect Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093202. [PMID: 32366057 PMCID: PMC7247321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (vitD3) into tissue-engineered scaffolds could aid the healing of critical-sized bone defects. We hypothesize that shorter applications of vitD3 lead to more osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than a sustained application. To test this, release from a scaffold was mimicked by exposing MSCs to exactly controlled vitD3 regimens. Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) were seeded onto calcium phosphate particles, cultured for 20 days, and treated with 124 ng vitD3, either provided during 30 min before seeding ([200 nM]), during the first two days ([100 nM]), or during 20 days ([10 nM]). Alternatively, hASCs were treated for two days with 6.2 ng vitD3 ([10 nM]). hASCs attached to the calcium phosphate particles and were viable (~75%). Cell number was not affected by the various vitD3 applications. VitD3 (124 ng) applied over 20 days increased cellular alkaline phosphatase activity at Days 7 and 20, reduced expression of the early osteogenic marker RUNX2 at Day 20, and strongly upregulated expression of the vitD3 inactivating enzyme CYP24. VitD3 (124 ng) also reduced RUNX2 and increased CYP24 applied at [100 nM] for two days, but not at [200 nM] for 30 min. These results show that 20-day application of vitD3 has more effect on hASCs than the same total amount applied in a shorter time span.
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Brożyna AA, Hoffman RM, Slominski AT. Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:473-489. [PMID: 31892603 PMCID: PMC6948187 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal types of skin cancer, with a poor prognosis once the disease enters metastasis. The efficacy of currently available treatment schemes for advanced melanomas is low, expensive, and burdened by significant side-effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment options. Skin cells are able to activate vitamin D via classical and non-classical pathways. Vitamin D derivatives have anticancer properties which promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation. The role of systemic vitamin D in patients with melanoma is unclear as epidemiological studies are not definitive. In contrast, experimental data have clearly shown that vitamin D and its derivatives have anti-melanoma properties. Furthermore, molecular and clinicopathological studies have demonstrated a correlation between defects in vitamin D signaling and progression of melanoma and disease outcome. Therefore, adequate vitamin D signaling can play a role in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
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Human uterine leiomyoma contains low levels of 1, 25 dihdroxyvitamin D3, and shows dysregulated expression of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 229:117-122. [PMID: 30172168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate tissue concentration of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, and gene expression level of CYP27B1 that codes for 1-α hydroxylase (vitamin D activating enzyme), and CYP24A1 that codes for 24-hydroxylase (vitamin D catabolizing enzyme) in human uterine leiomyoma (ULM), its adjacent myometrium (Myo-F), and normal myometrium (Myo-N). STUDY DESIGN Levels of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured using HPLC and Diode detectors whereas CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expressions were assessed using Real-Time PCR in ULM, Myo-F, and Myo-N. Non-parametric statistics were used. RESULTS ULMs contained significantly less 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 compared to Myo-F (3.0, IQR: 1.0-9.0 versus 6.0, IQR: 3.0-13.0 μg/ kg, P value is 0.03). No significant difference was detected between ULM and Myo-N, or Myo-F and Myo-N. Intratumoral level of the active form of vitamin D did not differ according to the type of ULM (submucous or interstitial/subserous), or to the ULM volume. CYP27B1 was expressed in ULM (2.17, IQR: 0.65-4.9), Myo-F (4.94, IQR: 1.04-22.59), and Myo-N (0.99, IQR: 0.49-1.71) to a comparable level. CYP24A1 expression was significantly higher in ULM compared to Myo-N (2.00, IQR: 0.69-10.77 versus 0.22, IQR: 00- 0.96, respectively, P value is 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Human ULMs contain significantly lower 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 than its adjacent myometrium. ULM, Myo-F, and Myo-N express CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. ULMs express significantly higher level of CYP24A1 than normal myometrium indicating that over expression of 24-hydroxylase is a mechanism by which ULMs sustain a relative state of hypovitaminosis D.
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van Duijnhoven FJ, Jenab M, Hveem K, Siersema PD, Fedirko V, Duell EJ, Kampman E, Halfweeg A, van Kranen HJ, van den Ouweland JM, Weiderpass E, Murphy N, Langhammer A, Ness‐Jensen E, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Cadeau C, Kvaskoff M, Boutron‐Ruault M, Katzke VA, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Kotanidou A, Kritikou M, Palli D, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Panico S, Matullo G, Peeters P, Brustad M, Olsen KS, Lasheras C, Obón‐Santacana M, Sánchez M, Dorronsoro M, Chirlaque M, Barricarte A, Manjer J, Almquist M, Renström F, Ye W, Wareham N, Khaw K, Bradbury KE, Freisling H, Aune D, Norat T, Riboli E, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB. Circulating concentrations of vitamin D in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in European populations. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:1189-1201. [PMID: 29114875 PMCID: PMC5813219 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from in vivo, in vitro and ecological studies are suggestive of a protective effect of vitamin D against pancreatic cancer (PC). However, this has not been confirmed by analytical epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentrations and PC incidence in European populations. We conducted a pooled nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study's second survey (HUNT2) cohorts. In total, 738 primary incident PC cases (EPIC n = 626; HUNT2 n = 112; median follow-up = 6.9 years) were matched to 738 controls. Vitamin D [25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 combined] concentrations were determined using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustments for body mass index and smoking habits were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Compared with a reference category of >50 to 75 nmol/L vitamin D, the IRRs (95% CIs) were 0.71 (0.42-1.20); 0.94 (0.72-1.22); 1.12 (0.82-1.53) and 1.26 (0.79-2.01) for clinically pre-defined categories of ≤25; >25 to 50; >75 to 100; and >100 nmol/L vitamin D, respectively (p for trend = 0.09). Corresponding analyses by quintiles of season-standardized vitamin D concentrations also did not reveal associations with PC risk (p for trend = 0.23). Although these findings among participants from the largest combination of European cohort studies to date show increasing effect estimates of PC risk with increasing pre-diagnostic concentrations of vitamin D, they are not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fränzel J.B. van Duijnhoven
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Division of Human NutritionWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC‐WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General PracticeNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevangerNorway
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public HealthWinship Cancer Institute, Emory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Eric J. Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human NutritionWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anouk Halfweeg
- Division of Human NutritionWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk J. van Kranen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community MedicineFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Population‐based Cancer ResearchOsloNorway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC‐WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General PracticeNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevangerNorway
| | - Eivind Ness‐Jensen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General PracticeNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyLevangerNorway
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Claire Cadeau
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERMVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifF‐94805France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERMVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifF‐94805France
| | | | - Verena A. Katzke
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of EpidemiologyGerman Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical StatisticsUniversity of Athens Medical SchoolGreece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary ServicesUniversity of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos HospitalAthensGreece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology UnitCancer Research and Prevention Institute—ISPOFlorenceItaly
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanoItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit“Civic ‐ M.P.Arezzo” Hospital, ASP Ragusa(Italy)
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di medicina clinica e chirurgiaFederico II universityNaplesItaly
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM/HuGeF)TorinoItaly
| | - Petra Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community MedicineFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community MedicineFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Mireia Obón‐Santacana
- Unit of Nutrition and CancerCancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO‐IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - María‐José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia‐Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health DepartmentSan SebastianSpain
| | - Maria‐Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Spain
- Department of EpidemiologyRegional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Spain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of SurgeryLund University, Skåne University Hospital MalmöMalmöSweden
| | - Martin Almquist
- Department of SurgeryEndocrine‐Sarcoma unit, Skane University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of Biobank ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- The Medical Biobank at Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn E. Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of Oxford, OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC‐WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - H. B(as) Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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12
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Liu Y, Wang X, Sun X, Lu S, Liu S. Vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer risk reduction: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0114. [PMID: 29595633 PMCID: PMC5895396 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk is disputed. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin intake and the risk of PC via meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of studies concerning vitamin intake and the risk of PC from EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded 25 correlative studies including 1,214,995 individuals. The relative risks (RR) were examined by a random-effect model or fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis, dose-response analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias analysis were used to analyze studies. RESULTS The RR of PC in the highest vitamin intake group was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98) compared with that in the lowest vitamin intake in the prospective studies. Different increments of vitamin intake and the risk of PC were examined with dose-response analysis, and a decrease in the risk of PC was observed with vitamin D (25%) and vitamin B12 (27%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that vitamin intake can decrease the risk of PC, particularly vitamin D and vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Harbin
| | - Xuejia Sun
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University
| | - Shengnan Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University
| | - Shi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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13
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Wang S, Li X, Yan L, Nie Q, Dai J, Chen H, Wang J, Sun Y. Tamoxifen inhibits fibroblast proliferation and prevents epidural fibrosis by regulating the AKT pathway in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:937-942. [PMID: 29309792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to epidural fibrosis after lumbar laminectomy, particularly the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. Many studies have shown that tamoxifen (TAM) inhibits fibroblast proliferation and reduces fibrosis, but the detailed effect and mechanism of TAM on preventing epidural fibrosis are unknown. To investigate the effect of TAM on fibroblast proliferation and epidural fibrosis, fibroblasts were cultured and treated with different concentrations of TAM. Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) detection, cell cycle analysis and western blot analysis were used to detect the roles of TAM in regulating fibroblast proliferation. Lumbar laminectomies were performed in rats, and various concentrations of TAM were administered by gavage. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate the effects of TAM on preventing epidural fibrosis. CCK-8 detection showed that TAM could inhibit fibroblast viability; western blot analysis showed that TAM could decrease the expression of proliferative proteins p-AKT and cyclinD1 and increase the expression of antiproliferative proteins P21 and P27. Histological analysis showed that TAM could reduce epidural fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the p-ATK expression in epidural scar tissue was decreased after TAM treatment. The present study demonstrated that TAM could inhibit fibroblast proliferation and prevent epidural fibrosis, potentially through the regulation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Qian Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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14
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Zhang X, Huang XZ, Chen WJ, Wu J, Chen Y, Wu CC, Wang ZN. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk or mortality: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64395-64406. [PMID: 28969079 PMCID: PMC5610011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between vitamin D status, including plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk and mortality are inconsistent. The aims of this study are to evaluate the antitumor and therapeutic effects of vitamin D status for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases. Risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect measures. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software 12.0. RESULTS Our results indicated that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with pancreatic cancer mortality without significant heterogeneity (HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.96). However, high plasma 25(OH)D levels could not reduce pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.02, 95% CI=0.66-1.57). Moreover, vitamin D intake was also not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.67-1.86). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with improved survival in pancreatic cancer patients. However, there were no significant associations between vitamin D intake or plasma 25(OH)D levels and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Wenzhou Dental Hospital, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
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15
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Dooley J, Lagou V, Heirman N, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Liston A. Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma Growth Kinetics Are Independent of Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency or Supplementation. Front Oncol 2017; 7:133. [PMID: 28702373 PMCID: PMC5488083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer, yet evidence for an effect of dietary vitamin D on pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, with conflicting data from human epidemiological and intervention studies. Here, we tested the role of dietary vitamin D in the in vivo context of the well-characterized Ela1-TAg transgenic mouse model of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Through longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of mice under conditions of either dietary vitamin D deficiency (<5 IU/kg vitamin D) or excess (76,500 IU/kg vitamin D), compared to control diet (1,500 IU/kg vitamin D), we measured the effect of variation of dietary vitamin D on tumor kinetics. No measurable impact of dietary vitamin D was found on pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma development, growth or mortality, casting further doubt on the already equivocal data supporting potential therapeutic use in humans. The lack of any detectable effect of vitamin D, within the physiological range of dietary deficiency or supplementation, in this model further erodes confidence in vitamin D as an effective antitumor therapeutic in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Spath L, Ulivieri A, Lavra L, Fidanza L, Carlesimo M, Giubettini M, Narcisi A, Luciani E, Bucci B, Pisani D, Sciacchitano S, Bartolazzi A. Antiproliferative Effects of 1α-OH-vitD 3 in Malignant Melanoma: Potential Therapeutic implications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40370. [PMID: 28074906 PMCID: PMC5225467 DOI: 10.1038/srep40370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and surgery represent the mainstay of treatment for superficial melanoma, but for high risk lesions (Breslow’s thickness >0.75 mm) an effective adjuvant therapy is lacking. Vitamin D insufficiency plays a relevant role in cancer biology. The biological effects of 1α hydroxycholecalciferol on experimental melanoma models were investigated. 105 melanoma patients were checked for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (circulating vitamin D) serum levels. Human derived melanoma cell lines and in vivo xenografts were used for studying 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol-mediated biological effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth. 99 out of 105 (94%) melanoma patients had insufficient 25-hydroxycholecalciferol serum levels. Interestingly among the six with vitamin D in the normal range, five had a diagnosis of in situ/microinvasive melanoma. Treatment with 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol induced antiproliferative effects on melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, modulating the expression of cell cycle key regulatory molecules. Cell cycle arrest in G1 or G2 phase was invariably observed in vitamin D treated melanoma cells. The antiproliferative activity induced by 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol in experimental melanoma models, together with the discovery of insufficient 25-hydroxycholecalciferol serum levels in melanoma patients, provide the rationale for using vitamin D in melanoma adjuvant therapy, alone or in association with other therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spath
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Lavra
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fidanza
- Dermatology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Carlesimo
- Dermatology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giubettini
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Narcisi
- Dermatology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Emidio Luciani
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bucci
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pisani
- Internal Medicine Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.,Molecular and Cellular Tumor Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Hospital, CCK R8:04, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ezhilarasan D, Evraerts J, Brice S, Buc-Calderon P, Karthikeyan S, Sokal E, Najimi M. Silibinin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Human Hepatic Stellate LX-2 Cells. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:167-174. [PMID: 27746612 PMCID: PMC5052367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play pivotal role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis consequent to chronic liver injury. Silibinin (SBN), a flavonoid compound, has shown to possess cell cycle arresting potential against many actively proliferating cancers cell lines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cell cycle arresting properties of SBN in rapidly proliferating human hepatic stellate LX-2 cell line. METHODS LX-2 cells were fed with culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of SBN (10, 50 and 100 μM). After 24 and 96 h of treatment, total cell number was determined by counting. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion test. The expression profile of cMyc and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) protein expressions was evaluated by Western blotting. Oxidative stress marker genes profile was quantified using qPCR. The migratory response of HSCs was observed by scrape wound healing assay. RESULTS SBN treatments significantly inhibit the LX-2 cell proliferation (without affecting its viability) in dose dependent manner. This treatment also retards the migration of LX-2 cells toward injured area. In Western blotting studies SBN treatment up regulated the protein expressions of PPAR-γ and inhibited cMyc. CONCLUSION The present study shows that SBN retards the proliferation, activation and migration of LX-2 cells without inducing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The profound effects could be due to cell cycle arresting potential of SBN.
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Key Words
- AKR1C1, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1
- ARE, antioxidant responsive element
- CDKI, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor
- CYP450, cytochrome P450
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethylsulphoxide
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase (decycling) 1
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- NQO1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1
- Nrf-2, nuclear respiratory factor
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
- PPIA, peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SBN, silibinin
- TXNRD1, thioredoxin reductase 1
- cytotoxicity
- hepatic stellate cells
- oxidative stress
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- wound healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evraerts
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sid Brice
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, PMNT Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc-Calderon
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Sivanesan Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Food and Hepatotoxicology Laboratory, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium,Address for correspondence: Mustapha Najimi, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Avenue Mounier, 52, Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.Institut de Recherche Expérimentale & Clinique (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell TherapyAvenue Mounier, 52, Box B1.52.03Brussels1200Belgium
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18
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Barone E, Corrado A, Gemignani F, Landi S. Environmental risk factors for pancreatic cancer: an update. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2617-2642. [PMID: 27538405 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive diseases. Only 10 % of all PC cases are thought to be due to genetic factors. Here, we analyzed the most recently published case-control association studies, meta-analyses, and cohort studies with the aim to summarize the main environmental factors that could have a role in PC. Among the most dangerous agents involved in the initiation phase, there are the inhalation of cigarette smoke, and the exposure to mutagenic nitrosamines, organ-chlorinated compounds, heavy metals, and ionizing radiations. Moreover, pancreatitis, high doses of alcohol drinking, the body microbial infections, obesity, diabetes, gallstones and/or cholecystectomy, and the accumulation of asbestos fibers seem to play a crucial role in the progression of the disease. However, some of these agents act both as initiators and promoters in pancreatic acinar cells. Protective agents include dietary flavonoids, marine omega-3, vitamin D, fruit, vegetables, and the habit of regular physical activity. The identification of the factors involved in PC initiation and progression could be of help in establishing novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the molecular signaling pathways responsive to these stimuli. Moreover, the identification of these factors could facilitate the development of strategies for an early diagnosis or measures of risk reduction for high-risk people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barone
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56121, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56121, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Gemignani
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56121, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56121, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Ma Y, Johnson CS, Trump DL. Mechanistic Insights of Vitamin D Anticancer Effects. VITAMIN D HORMONE 2016; 100:395-431. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Yellu MR, Olowokure O. Simultaneous presentation of pancreatic cancer in a genetically unrelated couple. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-207760. [PMID: 26581697 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer tend to have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment, and their 5-year overall survival rate remains dismal. Several risk factors could potentially trigger the development of pancreatic cancer but many of them identified so far have been only weakly linked. Occurrence of pancreatic cancer in a husband and wife around the same time in the same household even when exposed to similar environmental factors is rare. Although familial pancreatic cancer is a known entity, pancreatic cancer in genetically unrelated married couples has not been studied. Here we present such a scenario involving one couple. In this case report, we discuss the chronological events leading to pancreatic cancer in a genetically unrelated married couple and the risk factors that may have led to cancer, in addition to exploring the possible links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahender R Yellu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Olugbenga Olowokure
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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21
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Barreto SG, Neale RE. Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Davis-Yadley AH, Malafa MP. Vitamins in pancreatic cancer: a review of underlying mechanisms and future applications. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:774-802. [PMID: 26567201 PMCID: PMC4642423 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that vitamins influence pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology and carcinogenesis, a comprehensive review is lacking. In this study, we performed a PubMed literature search to review the anticancer mechanisms and the preclinical and clinical studies that support the development of the bioactive vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in pancreatic cancer intervention. Preclinical studies have shown promising results for vitamin A in pancreatic cancer prevention, with clinical trials showing intriguing responses in combination with immunotherapy. For vitamin C, preclinical studies have shown slower tumor growth rates and/or increased survival when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine, with clinical trials with this combination revealing decreased primary tumor sizes and improved performance status. Preclinical studies with vitamin D analogues have shown potent antiproliferative effects and repression of migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, with a clinical trial showing increased time to progression when calciferol was added to docetaxel. For vitamin E, preclinical studies have shown that δ-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol inhibited tumor cell growth and survival and augmented gemcitabine activity. Early-phase clinical trials with δ-tocotrienol are ongoing. Vitamin K demonstrates activation of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular growth in pancreatic tumor cells; however, there are no clinical studies available for further evaluation. Although preclinical and clinical studies are encouraging, randomized controlled trials with endpoints based on insights gained from mechanistic and preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials are required to determine the efficacy of bioactive vitamin interventions in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Brakta S, Diamond JS, Al-Hendy A, Diamond MP, Halder SK. Role of vitamin D in uterine fibroid biology. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:698-706. [PMID: 26079694 PMCID: PMC4561014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed summary of current scientific knowledge on uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) in vitro and in in vivo animal models, as well as to postulate the potential role of vitamin D3 as an effective, inexpensive, safe, long-term treatment option for uterine fibroids. DESIGN PubMed search articles were used to identify the most relevant studies on uterine fibroids, as well as effects of vitamin D3 on uterine fibroid cells and fibroid tumor growth in in vivo animal models. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Not applicable. RESULT(S) Despite numerous publications available on uterine fibroids, information about the role that vitamin D3 plays in the regulation of uterine fibroids is limited. Most of the recent vitamin D3-related studies on uterine fibroids were published from our group. Recent studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency plays a significant role in the development of uterine fibroids. Our recent studies have demonstrated that vitamin D3 reduces leiomyoma cell proliferation in vitro and leiomyoma tumor growth in in vivo animal models. These results postulate the potential role of vitamin D3 for an effective, safe, nonsurgical medical treatment option for uterine fibroids. CONCLUSION(S) This article reviews human and animal studies and uncovers new possibilities for understanding the vitamin D-based therapeutic option for an effective, safe, long-term treatment of uterine fibroids. On the basis of these results, a clinical trial with vitamin D3 or a hypocalcemic analog, paricalcitol, may be warranted for nonsurgical medical treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Brakta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Justin S Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sunil K Halder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.
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Arensman MD, Nguyen P, Kershaw KM, Lay AR, Ostertag-Hill CA, Sherman MH, Downes M, Liddle C, Evans RM, Dawson DW. Calcipotriol Targets LRP6 to Inhibit Wnt Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26224368 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy in need of more effective treatment approaches. One potential therapeutic target is Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which plays important roles in PDAC tumor initiation and progression. Among Wnt inhibitors with suitable in vivo biologic activity is vitamin D, which is known to antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer and have antitumor activity in PDAC. For this study, the relationship between vitamin D signaling, Wnt/β-catenin activity, and tumor cell growth in PDAC was investigated through the use of calcipotriol, a potent non-hypercalcemic vitamin D analogue. PDAC tumor cell growth inhibition by calcipotriol was positively correlated with vitamin D receptor expression and Wnt/β-catenin activity. Furthermore, vitamin D and Wnt signaling activity were found to be reciprocally linked through feedback regulation. Calcipotriol inhibited autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PDAC cell lines in parallel with decreased protein levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a requisite coreceptor for ligand-dependent canonical Wnt signaling. Decrease in LRP6 protein seen with calcipotriol was mediated through a novel mechanism involving transcriptional upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1). Finally, changes in LRP6 or LDLRAP1 expression directly altered Wnt reporter activity, supporting their roles as regulators of ligand-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a novel biochemical target through which vitamin D signaling exerts inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as potential biomarkers for predicting and following tumor response to vitamin D-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Arensman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Phillip Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathleen M Kershaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna R Lay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claire A Ostertag-Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mara H Sherman
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher Liddle
- The Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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25
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Díaz L, Díaz-Muñoz M, García-Gaytán AC, Méndez I. Mechanistic Effects of Calcitriol in Cancer Biology. Nutrients 2015; 7:5020-50. [PMID: 26102214 PMCID: PMC4488829 DOI: 10.3390/nu7065020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its classical biological effects on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, has a broad variety of actions including anticancer effects that are mediated either transcriptionally and/or via non-genomic pathways. In the context of cancer, calcitriol regulates the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, promotes cell differentiation and acts as anti-inflammatory factor within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we address the different mechanisms of action involved in the antineoplastic effects of calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cristina García-Gaytán
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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26
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Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Gomes B, Frasco MF, Coelho MAN, Pereira MC. PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1306-18. [PMID: 26199834 PMCID: PMC4505177 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were studied as drug delivery vehicles for calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3. In vitro effects of calcitriol encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to free calcitriol on human pancreatic cell lines, S2-013 and hTERT-HPNE, and the lung cancer cell line A549. Encapsulated calcitriol retained its biological activity, reducing the cell growth. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that encapsulation of calcitriol enhanced its inhibitory effect on cell growth at a concentration of 2.4 μM for the S2-013 cells (91%) and for A549 cells (70%) comparared to the free calcitriol results. At this concentration the inhibitory effect on nontumor cells (hTERT-HPNE) decreased to 65%. This study highlights the ability of PLGA nanoparticles to deliver vitamin D3 into cancer cells, with major effects regarding cancer cell cycle arrest and major changes in the cell morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ramalho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela F Frasco
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A N Coelho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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27
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Li Z, Jia Z, Gao Y, Xie D, Wei D, Cui J, Mishra L, Huang S, Zhang Y, Xie K. Activation of vitamin D receptor signaling downregulates the expression of nuclear FOXM1 protein and suppresses pancreatic cancer cell stemness. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:844-53. [PMID: 25501129 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated signaling of nuclear transcription factors vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) plays important roles in transformation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we sought to determine whether VDR signaling causally affected FOXM1 signaling in and pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to manipulate VDR signaling. The impacts of altered VDR signaling on FOXM1 expression and function in PDAC cells were determined using molecular and biochemical methods, whereas those on PDAC cell biology and tumorigenicity were determined using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. The clinical relevance of our findings was validated by analyzing human PDAC specimens. RESULTS There was a striking inverse correlation between reduced expression of VDR and increased expression of FOXM1 in human PDAC cells and tissues. Treatment of PDAC cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), its synthetic analogue EB1089 (EB), and VDR transgenics drastically inhibited FOXM1 signaling and markedly suppressed tumor stemness, growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, 1,25D and EB repressed FOXM1 transcription and reduced the expression level of nuclear FOXM1 protein. CONCLUSION Inactivation of Vitamin D/VDR signaling is a critical contributor to PDAC development and progression via elevated expression and function of FOXM1 and enhanced PDAC cell stemness, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Hsu JT, Jan YY, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Takano M, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Chen WT, Pang JHS, Yeh TS, Juang HH. The vitamin D analog, MART-10, represses metastasis potential via downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:235-44. [PMID: 25149065 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PDA) is a devastating disease and there is no effective treatment available at present. To develop new regiments against PDA is urgently needed. Previously we have shown that vitamin D analog, MART-10 (19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)2D3), exerted potent antiproliferative effect on PDA in vitro and in vivo without causing hypercalcemia. Since metastasis is the major cause of PDA-related death, we therefore investigate the anti-metastasis effect of MART-10 on PDA. Our results showed that both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 repressed migration and invasion of BxPC-3 and PANC cells with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells through downregulation of Snail, Slug, and Vimentin expression in BxPC-3 and PANC cells. MART-10 further blocked cadherin switch (from E-cadherin to N-cadherin) in BxPC-3 cells. The F-actin synthesis in the cytoplasm of BxPC-3 cells was also repressed by 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 as determined by immunofluorescence stain. Both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 decreased MMP-2 and -9 secretion in BxPC-3 cells as determined by western blot and zymography. Collectively, MART-10 should be deemed as a promising regimen against PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yin Jan
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wen-Tsung Chen
- National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Hsiao-Kang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Zhang HS, Zhao JW, Wang H, Zhang HY, Ji QY, Meng LJ, Xing FJ, Yang ST, Wang Y. LIM kinase 1 is required for insulin‑dependent cell growth of osteosarcoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:103-8. [PMID: 24247826 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a type of malignant bone tumor with high metastasis and poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) in the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. LIMK1 is overexpressed in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. To further study LIMK1-associated mechanisms, we used shRNA targeted to the LIMK1 gene to block its expression in the osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and U2OS. Insulin promoted the proliferation of MG63 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, however, this insulin induced proliferation was significantly inhibited by transfection of shRNA targeted to the LIMK1 gene, as well as by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, but not by the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059. The level of cofilin phosphorylation was increased significantly following stimulation of insulin for 24 h, indicating the activation of LIMK1. MG63 cell proliferation was also significantly inhibited by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 negated the inhibitory effect of LIMK1 shRNA, indicating that LIMK1 is important in the inhibitory pathway of 1,25(OH)2D3. The present study confirms that LIMK1 is important in regulating osteosarcoma cell proliferation via the insulin/PI3K/LIMK1 signaling pathway, thus the development of gene therapy for osteosarcoma targeting LIMK1 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Shan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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30
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Hsu JT, Yeh TS, Jan YY, Wu CT, Chen HY, Jwo SC, Takano M, Kittaka A, Juang HH, Chen TC. Evaluation of the potential therapeutic role of a new generation of vitamin D analog, MART-10, in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1316-25. [PMID: 23549173 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with no known effective chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and most patients are diagnosed in the late stage, making them unsuitable for surgery. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] is known to possess antitumor actions in many cancer cells in vitro and in vivo models. However, its clinical use is hampered by hypercalcemia. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of a new generation, less calcemic analog of 1α,25(OH)2D3, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10), in BxPC-3 human pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that MART-10 is at least 100-fold more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting BxPC-3 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, accompanied by a greater upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 and a greater downregulation of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 5, leading to a greater increase in the fraction of cells in G0/G1 phase. No induction of apoptosis and no effect on Cdc25 phosphatases A and C were observed in the presence of either MART-10 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. In a xenograft mouse model, treatment with 0.3 µg/kg body weight of MART-10 twice/week for 3 weeks caused a greater suppression of BxPC-3 tumor growth than the same dose of 1α,25(OH)2D3 without inducing hypercalcemia and weight loss. In conclusion, MART-10 is a promising agent against pancreatic cancer growth. Further clinical trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan ROC
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Thompson L, Wang S, Tawfik O, Templeton K, Tancabelic J, Pinson D, Anderson HC, Keighley J, Garimella R. Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on differentiation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell lines. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:831-44. [PMID: 22042758 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor predominantly affecting children and adolescents. OS has a 60% survival rate with current treatments; hence, there is a need to identify novel adjuncts to chemotherapeutic regimens. In this pilot study, we investigated the dose-response to 1α,25-dihdroxyvitamin D(3) (1,α 25(OH)(2) D(3)) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D(3)) by human OS cell lines, SaOS-2, and 143B. We hypothesized that 1,α 25(OH)(2) D(3) and 25(OH)D(3) would stimulate differentiation and induce apoptosis in OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. Human OS cell lines, SaOS-2, and 143B, were treated with 1,α 25(OH)(2)D(3) or 25(OH)D(3) or an ethanol control, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 nM. Ki67 (a marker of cellular proliferation) immunocytochemistry revealed no significant changes in the expression of Ki-67 or MIB-1 in 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) or 25(OH)D(3) treated SaOS-2 or 143B cells. Both control and 1α,25(OH)(2) D(3) treated SaOS-2 and 143B cells expressed vitamin D receptor (VDR). Markers of osteoblastic differentiation in 143B cells and SaOS-2 cells were induced by both 25(OH)D(3) and 1α,25(OH)(2) D, and evident by increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression, and mineralization of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) by alizarin red staining. An increasing trend in apoptosis in response to 25(OH)D(3), in both SaOS-2 and 143B cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. With 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment, apoptosis was evident at higher concentrations only. These preliminary findings suggest that OS cells express VDR and respond to 25(OH)D(3) and 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) by undergoing differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Thompson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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32
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Abstract
The population-based association between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk can be inconsistent, but it is now generally accepted. These relationships link low serum 25OHD (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels to cancer, whereas cell-based studies show that the metabolite 1,25(OH)2D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) is a biologically active metabolite that works through vitamin D receptor to regulate gene transcription. In the present review we discuss the literature relevant to the molecular events that may account for the beneficial impact of vitamin D on cancer prevention or treatment. These data show that although vitamin D-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of tumour cells or their non-neoplastic progenitors are plausible mechanisms, other chemoprotective mechanisms are also worthy of consideration. These alternative mechanisms include enhancing DNA repair, antioxidant protection and immunomodulation. In addition, other cell targets, such as the stromal cells, endothelial cells and cells of the immune system, may be regulated by 1,25(OH)2D and contribute to vitamin D-mediated cancer prevention.
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Chen HY, Lee JM, Juang HH, Chen MF, Takano M, Kittaka A, Chen TC. 19-Nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10) is a potent cell growth regulator with enhanced chemotherapeutic potency in liver cancer cells. Steroids 2011; 76:1513-9. [PMID: 21888924 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that the active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1α,25(OH)(2)D] can modulate cellular proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells has led to its potential application as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat a variety of cancers. However, the use of 1α,25(OH)(2)D is limited due to its lethal side effect of hypercalcemia upon systemic administration. To overcome this drawback, numerous analogs have been synthesized. In this report, we examined the anti-proliferative activity of a new analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) (MART-10), in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and studied the potential mechanisms mediating this action. We found that MART-10 exhibited approximately 100-fold greater activity than 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation as determined by cell number counting method. MART-10 was also approximately 100-fold more potent than 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the upregulation of p21 and p27, that in turn arrested HepG2 cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase to a greater extent. Given that no active caspase 3 was detected and treatment with 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) or MART-10 did not further increase the fractions of apoptotic and necrosis cells over the controls, the growth-inhibitory effect of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) and MART-10 on HepG2 cells may not involve apoptosis. Overall, our findings suggest that MART-10 is a good candidate as a novel therapeutic regimen against liver cancer. Further pre-clinical studies using animal models and the subsequent human clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Meerza D, Naseem I, Ahmad J. Diabetes, pancreatic cancer and vitamin D. Is there a link? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2011; 5:218-221. [PMID: 25572768 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D is not merely limited to maintaining skeletal health but also extends to maintaining glucose homeostasis by preserving insulin secretion and sensitivity and thus deficiency of vitamin D plays an important role in aetiopathogenesis of T2 diabetes. In addition to its many other roles, vitamin D has recently been found to have growth inhibiting affects on pancreatic cancer cells. Ecological studies have shown that there exists an inverse correlation between sun exposure and death rates for pancreatic cancer. Since vitamin D has promising role in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, its deficiency may be associated to any or both of these chronic diseases. The present review thus aims to find correlation between diabetes and pancreatic cancer and if vitamin D is a common link between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilnasheen Meerza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Chen TC. Vitamin d and pancreatic cancer-an update. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:213-26. [PMID: 24212614 PMCID: PMC3756357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-classical actions of vitamin D, namely anti-proliferation, pro-differentiation, immune function modulation, and anti-inflammation, have received great attention during the past decade, in particular, the potential of vitamin D analogs alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of a variety of cancers. The association between vitamin D status and the higher incidence of many forms of cancer has suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the etiology of these types of cancer. Although it is still controversial whether this association exists for pancreatic cancer, biochemical evidence clearly indicates pancreatic cancer cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D and its analogs. In this review, we discuss briefly the origin and current therapy of pancreatic cancer, the history, source, metabolism and functions of vitamin D, the recent progress in the epidemiological studies of sunlight, and vitamin D status, and biochemical studies of vitamin D analogs in the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan; E-Mails: (K.C.C.); (C.N.Y.)
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan; E-Mails: (K.C.C.); (C.N.Y.)
| | - Tai C. Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which makes it difficult to treat. The low survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer points towards an increased need for novel therapeutic and chemopreventive strategies and also early detection of this disease. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Synthetic and natural, diet-derived bioactive compounds have been evaluated as pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents and have demonstrated various degrees of efficacy in cellular and in vivo animal models. Some chemopreventive agents (for example, curcumin or resveratrol) have also been reported to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (for example, gemcitabine or erlotinib), which suggests that chemopreventive agents could potentially be used as potentiators of standard chemotherapy. Few clinical trials of pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents have been completed and some are in early phases. Further development of pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents may prove to be tremendously valuable for individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic cancer and patients who present with premalignant lesions. This Review discusses the current state of the pancreatic cancer chemoprevention field and highlights the challenges ahead.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is ranked fifth among cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Currently, surgery is the only effective therapy. However, most patients are diagnosed in the late stage and are not suitable for receiving curative surgery. Moreover, pancreatic cancer doesn’t respond well to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leaving little effective treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer cases. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], the biologically active form of vitamin D3, was originally identified during studies of calcium and bone metabolism, though it is now recognized that it exerts biological effects in almost every tissue in the body. Abundant evidence has shown that 1α,25(OH)2D3 has antiproliferative, apoptotic, pro-differentiation and antiangiogensis effects in many types of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, including breast, prostate, and colon. Similarly, the antitumor growth effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on pancreatic cells has been demonstrated. The clinical use of 1α,25(OH)2D3 is impeded by the lethal side effects of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Therefore, 1α,25(OH)2D3 analogs, which are either equipotent or more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting tumor cell growth but with fewer hypercalcemic and hypercalciuric side effects, have been developed for the treatment of different cancers. Recently, a pre-clinical study demonstrated that a less calcemic analog of 1α,25(OH)2D3, 19-nor-1α,25(OH)2D2 (Paricalcitol), is effective in inhibiting tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, via upregulation of p21 and p27 tumor suppressor genes. Studies on the anti-tumor effects of a more potent analog of Paricalcitol are underway. 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs are potentially attractive novel therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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Crew KD, Shane E, Cremers S, McMahon DJ, Irani D, Hershman DL. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency despite supplementation in premenopausal women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:2151-6. [PMID: 19349547 PMCID: PMC2674001 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased breast cancer risk and decreased breast cancer survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, as measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), in premenopausal women at initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and after 1 year of vitamin D supplementation. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 103 premenopausal women from the northeastern United States with stages I to III breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy and participated in a 1-year zoledronate intervention trial. All patients were prescribed vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) 400 IU and calcium carbonate 1,000 mg daily. At baseline and at 6 and 12 months, bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were obtained and blood was collected and analyzed in batches for serum 25-OHD. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OHD less than 20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 20 to 29 ng/mL, and sufficiency as 30 ng/mL or greater. RESULTS At baseline, 74% of women were vitamin D deficient (median, 17 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was slightly less common in white women (66%) compared with black (80%) and Hispanic (84%) women. After vitamin D supplementation for 1 year, less than 15% of white and Hispanic women, and no black women, achieved sufficient 25-OHD levels. Vitamin D levels did not correlate with baseline BMD and were not altered by chemotherapy or bisphosphonate use. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in women with breast cancer. The current recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D is too low to increase serum 25-OHD greater than 30 ng/mL. Optimal dosing for bone health and, possibly, improved survival has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D. Crew
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Serge Cremers
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Donald J. McMahon
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Dinaz Irani
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Dawn L. Hershman
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Fleet JC. Molecular actions of vitamin D contributing to cancer prevention. Mol Aspects Med 2008; 29:388-96. [PMID: 18755215 PMCID: PMC2613446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk is now generally accepted. While these relationships are between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and cancer, cell-based studies show that the metabolite 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is biologically active and influences cell biology relevant to cancer through vitamin D receptor-mediated gene transcription. This review examines this paradox and also discusses the cell and gene targets influenced by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D that may account for the anti-cancer actions of vitamin D. A review of the literature shows that while vitamin D-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells or their non-neoplastic progenitors are plausible mechanisms, other gene targets related to DNA repair and immunomodulation, and other cell targets such as the stromal cells and cells of the immune system, may be regulated by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and contribute to vitamin D mediated cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Fleet
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906-2059, USA.
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Skinner HG, Michaud DS, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS. Vitamin D intake and the risk for pancreatic cancer in two cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1688-95. [PMID: 16985031 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogues exhibit potent antitumor effects in many tissues, including the pancreas. Normal and malignant pancreatic tissues were recently shown to express high levels of vitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase, which converts circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. We examined associations between dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and retinol and subsequent risk for pancreatic cancer. We conducted prospective studies in cohorts of 46,771 men ages 40 to 75 years as of 1986 (the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), and 75,427 women ages 38 to 65 years as of 1984 (the Nurses' Health Study), documenting incident pancreatic cancer through the year 2000. Diet was ascertained by semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We identified 365 incident cases of pancreatic cancer over 16 years of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest category of total vitamin D intake (<150 IU/d), pooled multivariate relative risks for pancreatic cancer were 0.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-1.01] for 150 to 299 IU/d, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.40-0.83) for 300 to 449 IU/d, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36-0.87) for 450 to 599 IU/d, and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40-0.88) for >/=600 IU/d (P(trend) = 0.01). These associations may be stronger in men than women. After adjusting for vitamin D intake, calcium and retinol intakes were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In two U.S. cohorts, higher intakes of vitamin D were associated with lower risks for pancreatic cancer. Our results point to a potential role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halcyon G Skinner
- Department of Preventive Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Liu W, Asa SL, Ezzat S. Vitamin D and its analog EB1089 induce p27 accumulation and diminish association of p27 with Skp2 independent of PTEN in pituitary corticotroph cells. Brain Pathol 2006; 12:412-9. [PMID: 12408227 PMCID: PMC8095800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the gene for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p27/kip1 results in pituitary corticotroph hyperplasia while diminished expression of this protein has been described in aggressive human pituitary tumors. We have previously shown that 1,25-vitamin D3 (VD) hypophosphorylates p27 and interferes with the degradation of this CDKI in thyroid carcinoma cells. In this study we investigated whether VD/EB1089 can induce p27 accumulation and cause growth arrest of pituitary corticotroph cells. VD and EB1089 exhibited a significant reduction in AtT20 corticotroph but not PRL235 lactotroph cell growth. These changes were accompanied by selective accumulation of p27 in AtT20 but not in PRL235 cells. As p27 levels are highly dependent on protein degradation, we examined the effect of VD/EB1089 on p27 association with factors that target this CDKI to the proteasome. VD/EB1089 significantly restricted the association of p27 with Skp2 as well as with cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). As the tumor suppressor and phosphatase PTEN has been implicated in p27 regulation, we tested whether the effects of VD/EB1089 on p27 accumulation in corticotrophs could be mediated through this pathway. VD/EB1089 did not appreciably alter PTEN expression. Moreover, transfection of PTEN did not influence the effect of VD on p27 accumulation in corticotrophs. We conclude that VD/EB1089 can selectively arrest pituitary corticotroph growth and induce p27 accumulation.This effect is mediated at least partially through diminished p27 association with Skp2 and with CDK2. In contrast to other cell systems, PTEN does not participate in the regulation of corticotroph p27 and is not involved in mediating the effect of VD on p27 in these cells. Our findings highlight p27 and VD analogs as targets for manipulation and drug development respectively in the treatment of inoperable corticotroph adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Freeman Centre for Endocrine Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kawa S, Yoshizawa K, Nikaido T, Kiyosawa K. Inhibitory effect of 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, maxacalcitol, on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 97:173-7. [PMID: 16039115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative activity on pancreatic cancer cell lines of the vitamin D(3) analog, 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), maxacalcitol, with that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), calcitriol, with analysis of vitamin D receptor status and the G(1)-phase cell cycle-regulating factors. Antiproliferative effects of both agents were compared using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and by measuring the tumor size of xenografts inoculated into athymic mice. Scatchard analysis of vitamin D receptor contents, and mutational analysis of receptor complementary DNA were performed. Levels of expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27, were analysed by western blotting. In vitro, maxacalcitol and calcitriol markedly inhibited the proliferation and caused a G(1) phase cell cycle arrest with the appearance of numerous domes. In vivo, maxacalcitol inhibited the growth of BxPC-3 xenografts more significantly than calcitriol, without inducing hypercalcemia. Responsive cells had abundant functional vitamin D receptors. However, Hs 766T, showing no response to either agent, had the second highest receptor contents with no abnormalities in its primary structure deduced by receptor complementary DNA. In the responsive cells, p21 and p27 were markedly up-regulated after 24h of treatment with both agents. In non-responsive cells, no such changes were observed. In conclusion, maxacalcitol and calcitriol up-regulate p21 and p27 as an early event, which in turn could block the G(1)/S transition and induce growth inhibition in responsive cells, and maxacalcitol may provide a more useful tool for the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer than calcitriol because of its low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Kawa
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Abstract
The skin is the major source of Vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol), and ultraviolet light (UV) is critical for its formation. Keratinocytes, the major cell in the epidermis, can further convert Vitamin D(3) to its hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] (calcitriol). 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in turn stimulates the differentiation of keratinocytes, raising the hope that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may prevent the development of malignancies in these cells. Skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and melanomas) are the most common cancers afflicting humans. UV exposure is linked to the incidence of these cancers-UV is thus good and bad for epidermal health. Our focus is on the mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates the differentiation of keratinocytes, and how this regulation breaks down in transformed cells. Skin cancers produce 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), contain ample amounts of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), and respond to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) with respect to induction of the 24-hydroxylase, but fail to differentiate in response to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Why not? The explanation may lie in the overexpression of the DRIP complex, which by interfering with the normal transition from DRIP to SRC as coactivators of the VDR during differentiation, block the induction of genes required for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111N), University of California, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Liu W, Asa SL, Ezzat S. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Targets PTEN-Dependent Fibronectin Expression to Restore Thyroid Cancer Cell Adhesiveness. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:2349-57. [PMID: 15890670 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the hormonal form of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VD3), and its noncalciomimetic analog EB1089, arrest the growth of human thyroid cancer cells by increasing the cell cycle inhibitor p27. In the present study, we investigated whether the tumor-suppressive effects of vitamin D (VD) compounds may also be mediated by mechanisms that govern cell adhesiveness. Both 1,25-VD3 and EB1089 increased cell adhesiveness, an effect that was accompanied by consistent increases in fibronectin (FN) expression. Introduction of small interfering RNA against FN resulted in down-regulation of FN expression and diminished cell adhesiveness to a collagen-type I matrix. To determine whether this action of 1,25-VD3 was mediated through the PTEN/phosphoinositol 3-kinase pathway, we examined whether this tumor suppressor protein/dual phosphatase can influence FN expression and consequently cell adhesiveness Overexpression of wild-type PTEN induced FN expression as well as cell adhesiveness. In contrast, introduction of mutant forms of PTEN failed to induce FN and led to diminished cell adhesiveness. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated PTEN down-regulation attenuated FN expression as well as cell adhesiveness. The attenuated FN expression was also associated with relative insensitivity to 1,25-VD3 growth-suppressive action. Cells down-regulated for FN demonstrated a more aggressive growth pattern in xenografted mice and were also relatively insensitive to 1,25-VD3 treatment. Taken together, our findings highlight the significance of FN in modulating thyroid cancer cell adhesiveness and, at least in part, in mediating VD actions on neoplastic cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network and Toronto Medical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Suite 4-302, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Li F, Ling X, Huang H, Brattain L, Apontes P, Wu J, Binderup L, Brattain MG. Differential regulation of survivin expression and apoptosis by vitamin D3 compounds in two isogenic MCF-7 breast cancer cell sublines. Oncogene 2005; 24:1385-95. [PMID: 15608672 PMCID: PMC2820410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although both the antiapoptotic function of survivin and vitamin D3 (VD3)-mediated cell growth inhibition and apoptosis have been extensively studied, it is not known whether survivin plays a role in VD3 compound-mediated cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Using an isogenic model of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7E and MCF-7L sublines that are sensitive and resistant to VD3 compounds), we found that VD3 compounds effectively downregulated survivin in VD3-sensitive MCF-7E cells, which was associated with VD3-induced apoptosis. In contrast, VD3 compounds failed to downregulate survivin in VD3-resistant MCF-7L cells, which showed resistant to VD3-induced apoptosis. However, inhibition of survivin expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced cell death per se and further sensitized VD3-induced apoptosis in MCF-7L cells, indicating that the inability of these cells to respond to VD3 is due to the failure to downregulate survivin. Forced expression of survivin not only blocked VD3-mediated G1 cell accumulation but also increased S and G2/M cell populations. VD3 treatment rapidly triggered the activation of p38 MAPK signaling in MCF-7E cells but not in MCF-7L cells. Moreover, inhibition of p38 activation diminished VD3-mediated survivin inhibition and partially rescued VD3-induced cell death. We further showed that VD3 increased the expression of TGF(beta)1 and TGF(beta) receptor 2, and that blocking the function of TGF(beta) receptor 2 diminished VD3 compound-mediated survivin downregulation. Thus, we propose that the VD3 compound-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction are at least partially dependent on survivin downregulation via VD3-induced TGFbeta signaling and the activation of p38 MAPK pathway. Targeting survivin through these pathways may lead to novel applications for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Grace Cancer Drug Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Egan KM, Sosman JA, Blot WJ. Sunlight and Reduced Risk of Cancer: Is The Real Story Vitamin D? J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:161-3. [PMID: 15687354 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer afflicting humans. These cancers include melanomas and 2 types of malignant keratinocytes: basal-cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC). UV light exposure is linked to the incidence of these cancers. On the other hand, the skin is the major source of vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol) and UV light is critical for its formation. Keratinocytes can convert vitamin D-3 to its hormonal form, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] (calcitriol). 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in turn stimulates the differentiation of keratinocytes, raising the hope that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may prevent the development of malignancies in these cells. We identified a number of mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates the differentiation of keratinocytes and explored where this regulation breaks down in SCCs. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates gene expression by activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR). When activated, the VDR binds to one of two coactivator complexes: DRIP or p160/SRC. Binding to DRIP occurs in the undifferentiated keratinocyte, but, as the cell differentiates, DRIP(205) levels fall and p160/SRC binding takes over as SRC3 expression increases. SCCs fail to respond to the prodifferentiating actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). These cells have normal levels of VDR and normal binding of VDR to vitamin D response elements. However, they overexpress DRIP(205) such that the p160/SRC complex is blocked from binding to VDR. We hypothesize that failure of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to induce differentiation in SCCs lies at least in part with its failure to induce the replacement of the DRIP complex with the SRC complex in the promoters of genes required for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: cellular, animal and clinical studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 89-90:513-8. [PMID: 15225830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation, with recent evidence showing inhibition of tumor invasion, angiogenesis and tumor cell death. The growth-inhibitory properties of 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) could be harnessed in the treatment of patients with cancer if the development of systemic hypercalcemia is avoided. Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) presents a setting where the tumor is accessible for treatment through the hepatic artery and also where the tumor is highly lipiodol avid. On this basis, we hypothesised that, 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) dissolved in lipiodol and administered through the hepatic artery may prove to be a rational approach to the use of the drug in the treatment of HCCs. In brief, 6 years of work with 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) at cellular, animal and clinical level has provided us with plenty of support for this hypothesis. Sensitivity of HCCs in cell culture to 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3), growth retardation of human HCC xenografts in nude mice, uptake and retention of 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)-lipiodol by liver tumors in cell culture and animals, escalation of the 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) dose by 100x without the development of hypercalcemia in both liver tumor bearing rats and in patients with HCC are some of the evidence that will be discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Pourgholami
- University of New South Wales, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Albrechtsson E, Jonsson T, Möller S, Höglund M, Ohlsson B, Axelson J. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and a vitamin D3 analogue decreases cell number. Pancreatology 2003; 3:41-6. [PMID: 12649563 DOI: 10.1159/000069149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2002] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The vitamin D-receptor (VDR) has been detected in both normal and malignant cells of different tissues. Treatment with vitamin D(3) has been suggested as a possible therapy in malignant diseases such as pancreatic cancer. Synthetic analogues of vitamin D(3) have a less hypercalcemic effect than native vitamin D(3). The aim was to study the expression of the VDR in human pancreatic cancers and to study the in vitro effect of an analogue to vitamin D(3) on cell lines established from these cancers. METHODS The pancreatic cancer cell lines were established from primary cultures with only cancer cells. A probe specific for the human VDR was used. After reverse-transcriptase PCR and Northern blotting, the expression of the VDR in normal pancreas and in pancreatic cancers was compared. The cell lines were incubated with EB 1089, a synthetic analogue vitamin of D(3), in dose-response studies. The cell number was measured by the XTT colorimetric method. RESULTS The VDR was expressed in all cancers and in six of the cell lines the expression was increased more than 3-fold compared to normal pancreas. All cell lines developed from human pancreatic cancers responded with a decreased cell number to the vitamin D(3) analogue at concentrations of 10(-5) M or higher. CONCLUSION The VDR was expressed in all pancreatic cancers studied. Cell lines derived from these cancers responded with a decrease in cell number to high concentrations of a vitamin D(3) analogue. These results, and the doses to use, have to be confirmed with in vivo studies.
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