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Čunderlíková B, Klučková K, Babál P, Mlkvý P, Teplický T. Modifications of DAMPs levels in extracellular environment induced by aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:802-816. [PMID: 38319688 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2310002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunogenic cell death plays an important role in anticancer treatment because it combines cell death with appearance of damage associated molecular patterns that have the potential to activate anticancer immunity. Effects of damage associated molecular patterns induced by aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy were studied mainly on dendritic cells. They have not been deeply studied on macrophages that constitute the essential component of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to analyze features of esophageal cancer cell death in relation to release capacity of damage associated molecular pattern species, and to test the effect of related extracellular environmental alterations on macrophages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Esophageal Kyse 450 carcinoma cells were subjected to aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy at different concentrations of aminolevulinic acid. Resting, IFN/LPS and IL-4 macrophage subtypes were prepared from monocytic THP-1 cell line. Cell death features and macrophage modifications were analyzed by fluorescence-based live cell imaging. ATP and HMGB1 levels in cell culture media were determined by ELISA assays. The presence of lipid peroxidation products in culture media was assessed by spectrophotometric detection of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. RESULTS Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy induced various death pathways in Kyse 450 cells that included features of apoptosis, necrosis and ferroptosis. ATP amounts in extracellular environment of treated Kyse 450 cells increased with increasing aminolevulinic acid concentration. Levels of HMGB1, detectable by ELISA assay in culture media, were decreased after the treatment. Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy induced lipid peroxidation of cellular structures and increased levels of extracellular lipid peroxidation products. Incubation of resting and IL-4 macrophages in conditioned medium from Kyse 450 cells treated by aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy induced morphological changes in macrophages, however, comparable alterations were induced also by conditioned medium from untreated cancer cells. CONCLUSION Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy leads to alterations in local extracellular levels of damage associated molecular patterns, however, comprehensive studies are needed to find whether they can be responsible for macrophage phenotype modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Čunderlíková
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Pavel Babál
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mlkvý
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Teplický
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Liang R, Tan H, Jin H, Wang J, Tang Z, Lu X. The tumour-promoting role of protein homeostasis: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 573:216354. [PMID: 37625777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, an important aspect of cellular fitness that encompasses the balance of production, folding and degradation of proteins, has been linked to several diseases of the human body. Multiple interconnected pathways coordinate to maintain protein homeostasis within the cell. Recently, the role of the protein homeostasis network in tumorigenesis and tumour progression has gradually come to light. Here, we summarize the involvement of the most prominent components of the protein quality control mechanisms (HSR, UPS, autophagy, UPR and ERAD) in tumour development and cancer immunity. In addition, evidence for protein quality control mechanisms and targeted drugs is outlined, and attempts to combine these drugs with cancer immunotherapy are discussed. Altogether, combination therapy represents a promising direction for future investigations, and this exciting insight will be further illuminated by the development of drugs that can reach a balance between the benefits and hazards associated with protein homeostasis interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Zijian Tang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Bartusik-Aebisher D, Serafin I, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D. Photodynamic therapy and associated targeting methods for treatment of brain cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1250699. [PMID: 37841921 PMCID: PMC10568033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1250699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme, are currently a cause of suffering and death of tens of thousands of people worldwide. Despite advances in clinical treatment, the average patient survival time from the moment of diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme and application of standard treatment methods such as surgical resection, radio- and chemotherapy, is less than 4 years. The continuing development of new therapeutic methods for targeting and treating brain tumors may extend life and provide greater comfort to patients. One such developing therapeutic method is photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a progressive method of therapy used in dermatology, dentistry, ophthalmology, and has found use as an antimicrobial agent. It has also found wide application in photodiagnosis. Photodynamic therapy requires the presence of three necessary components: a clinically approved photosensitizer, oxygen and light. This paper is a review of selected literature from Pubmed and Scopus scientific databases in the field of photodynamic therapy in brain tumors with an emphasis on glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Iga Serafin
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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4
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Hsia T, Small JL, Yekula A, Batool SM, Escobedo AK, Ekanayake E, You DG, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. Systematic Review of Photodynamic Therapy in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3918. [PMID: 37568734 PMCID: PMC10417382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, gliomas have made up over 89% of malignant CNS tumor cases in the American population (NIH SEER). Within this, glioblastoma is the most common subtype, comprising 57% of all glioma cases. Being highly aggressive, this deadly disease is known for its high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, rendering a complicated disease course. The current standard of care consists of maximally safe tumor resection concurrent with chemoradiotherapy. However, despite advances in technology and therapeutic modalities, rates of disease recurrence are still high and survivability remains low. Given the delicate nature of the tumor location, remaining margins following resection often initiate disease recurrence. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that, following the administration of a non-toxic photosensitizer, induces tumor-specific anti-cancer effects after localized, wavelength-specific illumination. Its effect against malignant glioma has been studied extensively over the last 30 years, in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the three generations of photosensitizers alongside their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia L. Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 554414, USA
| | - Syeda M. Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana K. Escobedo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Yang F, Xu M, Chen X, Luo Y. Spotlight on porphyrins: Classifications, mechanisms and medical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114933. [PMID: 37236030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are non-invasive treatment methods with obvious inhibitory effect on tumors and have few side effects, which have been widely concerned and explored by researchers. Sensitizer is the main factor in determining the therapeutic effect of PDT and SDT. Porphyrins, a group of organic compounds widespread in nature, can be activated by light or ultrasound and produce reactive oxygen species. Therefore, porphyrins as sensitizers in PDT have been widely explored and investigated for many years. Herein, we summarize the classical porphyrin compounds and their applications and mechanisms in PDT and SDT. The application of porphyrin in clinical diagnosis and imaging is also discussed. In conclusion, porphyrins have good application prospects in disease treatment as an important part of PDT or SDT, and in clinical diagnosis and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meiqi Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Neonatal, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Yakun Luo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Howley R, Chandratre S, Chen B. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040496. [PMID: 37106683 PMCID: PMC10136048 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a fluorophore and photosensitizing agent. ALA administered exogenously bypasses the rate-limit step in the pathway, resulting in PpIX accumulation in tumor tissues. Such tumor-selective PpIX disposition following ALA administration has been exploited for tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with much success. Five ALA-based drugs have now received worldwide approval and are being used for managing very common human (pre)cancerous diseases such as actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma or guiding the surgery of bladder cancer and high-grade gliomas, making it the most successful drug discovery and development endeavor in PDT and photodiagnosis. The potential of ALA-induced PpIX as a fluorescent theranostic agent is, however, yet to be fully fulfilled. In this review, we would like to describe the heme biosynthesis pathway in which PpIX is produced from ALA and its derivatives, summarize current clinical applications of ALA-based drugs, and discuss strategies for enhancing ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. Our goal is two-fold: to highlight the successes of ALA-based drugs in clinical practice, and to stimulate the multidisciplinary collaboration that has brought the current success and will continue to usher in more landmark advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Maswikiti EP, Yu Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma H, Xu B, He P, Ma Y, Wang B, Ma B, Yang J, Ma Z, Zhu J, Chen H. Application of intraoperative photodynamic therapy in patients suspected of recurrence post radical surgery: A single center experience. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103047. [PMID: 35931356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficult to resect tumors may be treated with a combination of radical surgery and photodynamic therapy to try to reduce recurrence. The aim of this single center study is to present results from a combined application of radical surgery with intraoperative PDT for patients with various cancers suspected of high risk for post-operative local recurrence. METHODS Radical surgery combined with intraoperative PDT was performed in each and every patient under study at different time points from June 2020 to July 2021, and the PDT irradiation time ranged from 10, 20, 25 and 30 min. Hematoporphyrin, as a photo synthesizer, was administered intravenously 48 h before surgery and during the operative period respectively, at a 3 mg/kg dose. In addition, the mean and median survival times for each of these patients were also evaluated. Patient's overall disease-Free Survival (DFS) and survival (OS) were immensely evaluated. RESULTS 12 patients (33.3% female and 66.7 % male) underwent radical surgery and PDT simultaneously. No photosensitivity events were reported in the included patients, except for one case with a moderate to severe erythema. Intraoperative PDT was tolerated in all included patients without serious liver and kidney damages. As from the time these patients underwent radical surgery and PDT, three mortalities were recorded and the remaining 9 patients had some remarkable outcomes with less or no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative PDT is a potentially safe therapeutic strategy for various tumor patients who undergo operation. Intraoperative PDT combined with surgery may improve local tumor control but this needs to be tested in a larger patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Huixia Li
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Caijuan Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Puyi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Ma
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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8
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Photodynamic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Meningeal Lymphatic System: The New Niche in Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122612. [PMID: 36559105 PMCID: PMC9784636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising add-on therapy to the current standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). The traditional explanation of the anti-cancer PDT effects involves the PDT-induced generation of a singlet oxygen in the GBM cells, which causes tumor cell death and microvasculature collapse. Recently, new vascular mechanisms of PDT associated with opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) and the activation of functions of the meningeal lymphatic vessels have been discovered. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends and future promises of immunotherapy for brain tumors and discuss PDT-OBBB as a new niche and an important informative platform for the development of innovative pharmacological strategies for the modulation of brain tumor immunity and the improvement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Krysko DV, Demuynck R, Efimova I, Naessens F, Krysko O, Catanzaro E. In Vitro Veritas: From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223705. [PMID: 36429133 PMCID: PMC9688238 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3323396
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Faye Naessens
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Yang M, Li X, Kim G, Wang R, Hong SJ, Lee CH, Yoon J. A J-aggregated nanoporphyrin overcoming phototoxic side effects in superior phototherapy with two-pronged effects. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12738-12746. [PMID: 36519038 PMCID: PMC9645379 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy has been a promising therapeutic modality for pathological tissue due to its spatiotemporal selectivity and non-invasive characteristics. However, as a core component of phototherapy, a single photosensitizer (PS) nanoplatform integrating excellent therapeutic efficiency and minimal side effects remains an urgent but unmet need. Here, we construct a J-aggregated nano-porphyrin termed MTE based on the self-assembly of methyl-pheophorbide a derivative MPa-TEG (MT) and natural polyphenolic compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Due to the synergistic interaction between similar large π-conjugated structural EGCG and MT, MTE with small and uniform size is obtained by effectively hindering Ostwald ripening of MT. Noteworthily, MTE not only effectively avoids the inadvertent side effects of phototoxicity during transport thank to the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, but also achieves two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: (1) enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) via inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptosis protein surviving; (2) achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) via reducing the tumor thermoresistance on account that MTE inhibits the overexpression of HSP 70 and HSP 90. This research not only offers a facile strategy to construct multicomponent nanoplatforms but also provides a new pathway for efficient and low-toxicity phototherapy, which is beneficial to the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Xingshu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kangwon National University Chun Cheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kangwon National University Chun Cheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Katsuki S, Takahashi Y, Tamari K, Minami K, Takenaka W, Ibuki Y, Yamamoto J, Tatekawa S, Hayashi K, Seo Y, Isohashi F, Ogawa K, Koizumi M. Radiation therapy enhances systemic antitumor efficacy in PD-L1 therapy regardless of sequence of radiation in murine osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271205. [PMID: 35816501 PMCID: PMC9273087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) increases the chances of the abscopal effect, an anti-tumor effect outside the radiation field in radiation therapy. However, the optimal sequence between radiation and ICB remains unclear. To investigate the impact of sequence of radiation in anti-PD-L1 antibody (P1) therapy on immune microenvironments and antitumor efficacies in local and abscopal tumors, metastatic LM8 osteosarcoma cells were inoculated into both legs of C3H mice. For irradiation, only one side leg was irradiated at 10 Gy. Then mice were divided into four groups: administrated anti-PD-L1 antibody three times (P1 monotherapy), receiving radiation 3 days prior to P1 therapy (P1+pre-Rad), and receiving concurrent radiation with P1 therapy (P1+conc-Rad). Thereafter, tumor immune microenvironment and tumor volume changes were analyzed in irradiated and unirradiated tumors. The P1+pre-Rad regimen increased the proportion of CD8+ programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ granzyme B (GzmB)+ reinvigorated T cells and decreased the proportion of CD8+ PD-1+ GzmB- exhausted T cells than P1+conc-Rad regimen in unirradiated tumors. Combination regimens suppressed tumor growth in irradiated tumors compared with that in P1 monotherapy. In both irradiated and unirradiated tumors, significant tumor growth suppression and prolonged overall survival were observed under both combination treatment regimens compared with P1 monotherapy. However, no distinct differences in unirradiated tumor volume and survival were observed between P1+pre-Rad and P1+conc-Rad groups. These results suggest that local irradiation is necessary to improve systemic treatment efficacy in P1 therapy regardless of sequence of local irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Katsuki
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Takenaka
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoriko Ibuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koizumi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Rothe F, Patties I, Kortmann RD, Glasow A. Immunomodulatory Effects by Photodynamic Treatment of Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113384. [PMID: 35684322 PMCID: PMC9181863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal treatment adding immunotherapy and photodynamic treatment (PDT) to standard therapy might improve the devastating therapeutic outcome of glioblastoma multiforme patients. As a first step, we provide investigations to optimize dendritic cell (DC) vaccination by using PDT and ionizing radiation (IR) to achieve maximal synergistic effects. In vitro experiments were conducted on murine glioblastoma GL261 cells, primary DCs differentiated from bone marrow and T cells, isolated from the spleen. Induction of cell death, reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of proliferation by tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylat (THPTS)-PDT and IR were confirmed by WST-1, LDH, ROS, and BrdU assay. Tumor cargo (lysate or cells) for DC load was treated with different combinations of THPTS-PDT, freeze/thaw cycles, and IR and immunogenicity analyzed by induction of T-cell activation. Cellular markers (CD11c, 83, 86, 40, 44, 69, 3, 4, 8, PD-L1) were quantified by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic T-cell response was evaluated by calcein AM assay. Immunogenicity of THPTS-PDT-treated GL261 cells lysate was superior to IR-treated lysate, or treated whole cells proven by increased DC phagocytosis, T-cell adhesion, proliferation, cytolytic activity, and cytokine release. These data strongly support the application of PDT together with IR for optimal immunogenic cell death induction in tumor cell lysate used to pulse DC vaccines.
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Wu C, Cui M, Cai L, Chen C, Zhu X, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang H, Zhang Y. NIR-Responsive Photodynamic Nanosystem Combined with Antitumor Immune Optogenetics Bacteria for Precise Synergetic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13094-13106. [PMID: 35262323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy are considered promising methods for the treatment of tumors. However, these treatment systems are still suffering from shortcomings such as hypoxia, easy metastasis, and delayed immune response during PDT. Therefore, it is still challenging to establish a programmed and rapid response immune combination therapy platform. Here, we construct a two-step synergetic therapy platform for the treatment of primary tumors and distant tumors using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and engineered bacteria as therapeutic media. In the first step, erbium ion (Er3+)-doped UCNPs act as a photoswitcher to activate the photosensitizer ZnPc to produce 1O2 for primary tumor therapy. In the second step, thulium ion (Tm3+)-doped UCNPs can emit blue-violet light under the excitation of near-infrared (NIR) light to activate the engineered bacteria to produce interferon (INF-γ) and release them in the intestine, which can not only treat tumors directly but also act with PDT to regulate immune pathways to activate the immune system, resulting in a joint immunotherapy effect to inhibit the growth of distant tumors. As a new type of programmatic combination therapy, we have proved that this platform can jointly activate the body's immune system during PDT and immunization treatment and can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Meihui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Cai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Nkune NW, Simelane NWN, Montaseri H, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12618. [PMID: 34884424 PMCID: PMC8657498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive phototherapeutic approach for cancer therapy that can eliminate local tumor cells and produce systemic antitumor immune responses. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in developing strategies to further investigate the immune mechanisms triggered by PDT. The majority of in vitro experimental models still rely on the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures that do not mimic a three-dimensional (3D) cellular environment in the human body, such as cellular heterogeneity, nutrient gradient, growth mechanisms, and the interaction between cells as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and therapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments. In addition, in vivo animal studies are highly expensive and time consuming, which may also show physiological discrepancies between animals and humans. In this sense, there is growing interest in the utilization of 3D tumor models, since they precisely mimic different features of solid tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and techniques for 3D tumor model generation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by PDT in several in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Future perspectives are highlighted for further enhancing PDT immune responses as well as ideal experimental models for antitumor immune response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.); (N.W.N.S.); (H.M.)
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15
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Dashti Gerdabi N, Ghafourian M, Nakajima M, Iranparast S, Khodadadi A. Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on gene expression and presence of NKG2D receptor on NK cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107677. [PMID: 33933844 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in innate and acquired immunity, stimulating and enhancing immune responses via secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. NKG2D is among the most important NK's stimulant receptors, the ligands of which are elevated on cancerous and virus-infected cells. We analyzed effect of 5-ALA on gene expression and receptor presentation of NKG2D, which is present on peripheral blood NK cells. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the venous blood samples of healthy individuals. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed after exposure of samples to 5-ALA, and gene expression was evaluated using Real-Time PCR, and the receptor presence rate on the cell surface was evaluated by flow-cytometry analysis. The results showed the gene expression of NKG2D and the presence of its receptor on NK cells were increased.5-ALA can be used to activate NK cells in their killing activity, preventing the growth and metastasis of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Dashti Gerdabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- CEO, Executive Director, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sara Iranparast
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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16
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Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-ALA for Malignant Glioma Recurrences. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081767. [PMID: 33917116 PMCID: PMC8067827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) as a cytotoxic photosensitizer could be a feasible treatment option for malignant gliomas. In a monocentric cohort of consecutive patients treated between 2006 and 2018, a risk profile analysis of salvage iPDT for local malignant glioma recurrences and associated outcome measures are presented here. It was considered indicated in patients with circumscribed biopsy-proven malignant glioma recurrences after standard therapy, if not deemed eligible for safe complete resection. A 3D treatment-planning software was used to determine the number and suitable positions of the cylindrical diffusing fibers placed stereotactically to ensure optimal interstitial irradiation of the target volume. Outcome measurements included the risk profile of the procedure, estimated time-to-treatment-failure (TTF), post-recurrence survival (PRS) and prognostic factors. Forty-seven patients were treated, of which 44 (median age, 49.4 years, range, 33.4-87.0 years, 27 males) could be retrospectively evaluated. Recurrent gliomas included 37 glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) and 7 anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade III). Thirty (68.2%) tumors were O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-methylated, 29 (65.9%)-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype. Twenty-six (59.1%) patients were treated for their first, 9 (20.5%)-for their second, 9 (20.5%)-for the third or further recurrence. The median iPDT target volume was 3.34 cm3 (range, 0.50-22.8 cm3). Severe neurologic deterioration lasted for more than six weeks in one patient only. The median TTF was 7.1 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4-9.8) months and the median PRS was 13.0 (95% CI, 9.2-16.8) months. The 2- and 5-year PRS rates were 25.0% and 4.5%, respectively. The treatment response was heterogeneous and not significantly associated with patient characteristics, treatment-related factors or molecular markers. The promising outcome and acceptable risk profile deserve further prospective evaluation particularly to identify mechanisms and prognostic factors of favorable treatment response.
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17
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Alzeibak R, Mishchenko TA, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001926. [PMID: 33431631 PMCID: PMC7802670 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. This development has been largely motivated by cancer cell evasion of immunological control and consequent tumor resistance to conventional therapies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered one of the most promising ways to achieve total tumor cell elimination. It activates the T-cell adaptive immune response and results in the formation of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anticancer treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we first discuss the role of PDT based on several classes of photosensitizers, including porphyrins and non-porphyrins, and critically evaluate their potential role in ICD induction. We emphasize the emerging trend of ICD induction by PDT in combination with nanotechnology, which represents third-generation photosensitizers and involves targeted induction of ICD by PDT. However, PDT also has some limitations, including the reduced efficiency of ICD induction in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we critically evaluate strategies for overcoming this limitation, which is essential for increasing PDT efficiency. In the final part, we suggest several areas for future research for personalized cancer immunotherapy, including strategies based on oxygen-boosted PDT and nanoparticles. In conclusion, the insights from the last several years increasingly support the idea that PDT is a powerful strategy for inducing ICD in experimental cancer therapy. However, most studies have focused on mouse models, but it is necessary to validate this strategy in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Khan M, Zhao Z, Arooj S, Fu Y, Liao G. Soluble PD-1: Predictive, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587460. [PMID: 33329567 PMCID: PMC7710690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) interaction with PD-L1 deliver immunosuppressive environment for tumor growth, and its blockade with directed monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1) has shown remarkable clinical outcome. Lately, their soluble counterparts, sPD-1 and sPD-L1, have been detected in plasma, and elevated levels have been associated with advanced disease, clinical stages, and worst prognosis for cancer patients. Elevated plasma levels of sPD-L1 have been correlated with worst prognosis in several studies and has displayed a persistent outlook. On the other hand, sPD-1 levels have been inconsistent in their predictive and prognostic ability. Pretherapeutic higher sPD-1 plasma levels have shown to predict advanced disease state and to a lesser extent worst prognosis. Any increase in sPD-1 plasma level post therapeutically have been correlated with improved survival for various cancers. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown sPD-1 ability to bind PD-L1 and PD-L2 and block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Local delivery of sPD-1 in cancer tumor microenvironment through local gene therapy have demonstrated an increase in tumor specific CD8+ T cell immunity and tumor growth reduction. It had also exhibited enhancement of T cell immunity induced by vaccination and other gene therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it may also lessen the inhibitory effect of circulating sPD-L1 and enhance the effects of mAb-based immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight various aspects of sPD-1 role in cancer prediction, prognosis, and anti-cancer immunity, as well as, its therapeutic value for local gene therapy or systemic immunotherapy in blocking the PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medicine Centre, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Yuxiang Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiang Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Sensitive Photodynamic Detection of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Specific Leukemic Cell Death Induced by Photodynamic Therapy: Current Status in Hematopoietic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020335. [PMID: 32024297 PMCID: PMC7072618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive type of T-cell malignancy, is caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infections. The outcomes, following therapeutic interventions for ATL, have not been satisfactory. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cells, as it is considered a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure. In PDT, photosensitizing agent administration is followed by irradiation at an absorbance wavelength of the sensitizer in the presence of oxygen, with ultimate direct tumor cell death, microvasculature injury, and induced local inflammatory reaction. This review provides an overview of the present status and state-of-the-art ATL treatments. It also focuses on the photodynamic detection (PDD) of hematopoietic malignancies and the recent progress of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT/PDD, which can efficiently induce ATL leukemic cell-specific death with minor influence on normal lymphocytes. Further consideration of the ALA-PDT/PDD system along with the circulatory system regarding the clinical application in ATL and others will be discussed. ALA-PDT/PDD can be promising as a novel treatment modality that overcomes unmet medical needs with the optimization of PDT parameters to increase the effectiveness of the tumor-killing activity and enhance the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses by the optimized immunogenic cell death.
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20
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Schipmann S, Müther M, Stögbauer L, Zimmer S, Brokinkel B, Holling M, Grauer O, Suero Molina E, Warneke N, Stummer W. Combination of ALA-induced fluorescence-guided resection and intraoperative open photodynamic therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: case series on a promising dual strategy for local tumor control. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:426-436. [PMID: 31978877 DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.jns192443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade glioma (HGG) prognosis remains dismal, with inevitable, mostly local recurrence. Regimens for improving local tumor control are therefore needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using porfimer sodium has been investigated but was abandoned due to side effects and lack of survival benefits. Intracellular porphyrins induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) are approved for fluorescence-guided resections (FGRs), but are also photosensitizers. Activated by light, they generate reactive oxygen species with resultant cytotoxicity. The authors present a combined approach of 5-ALA FGR and PDT. METHODS After 5-ALA FGR in recurrent HGG, laser diffusors were strategically positioned inside the resection cavity. PDT was applied for 60 minutes (635 nm, 200 mW/cm diffusor, for 1 hour) under continuous irrigation for maintaining optical clarity and ventilation with 100% oxygen. MRI was performed at 24 hours, 14 days, and every 3 months after surgery, including diffusion tensor imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. RESULTS Twenty patients were treated. One surgical site infection after treatment was noted at 6 months as the only adverse event. MRI revealed cytotoxic edema along resection margins in 16 (80%) of 20 cases, mostly annular around the cavity, corresponding to prior laser diffusor locations (mean volume 3.3 cm3). Edema appeared selective for infiltrated tissue or nonresected enhancing tumor. At the 14-day follow-up, enhancement developed in former regions of edema, in some cases vanishing after 4-5 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 months (95% CI 4.8-7.2 months). CONCLUSIONS Combined 5-ALA FGR and PDT provides an innovative and safe method of local tumor control resulting in promising PFS. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate long-term therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Grauer
- 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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21
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Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Immune Responses Triggered in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Clinical Recommendations. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020333. [PMID: 31991650 PMCID: PMC7074240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer strategy utilizing light-mediated activation of a photosensitizer (PS) which has accumulated in tumor and/or surrounding vasculature. Upon activation, the PS mediates tumor destruction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and tumor-associated vasculature damage, generally resulting in high tumor cure rates. In addition, a PDT-induced immune response against the tumor has been documented in several studies. However, some contradictory results have been reported as well. With the aim of improving the understanding and awareness of the immunological events triggered by PDT, this review focuses on the immunological effects post-PDT, described in preclinical and clinical studies. The reviewed preclinical evidence indicates that PDT is able to elicit a local inflammatory response in the treated site, which can develop into systemic antitumor immunity, providing long-term tumor growth control. Nevertheless, this aspect of PDT has barely been explored in clinical studies. It is clear that further understanding of these events can impact the design of more potent PDT treatments. Based on the available preclinical knowledge, recommendations are given to guide future clinical research to gain valuable information on the immune response induced by PDT. Such insights directly obtained from cancer patients can only improve the success of PDT treatment, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory approaches.
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22
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Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3267207. [PMID: 31885572 PMCID: PMC6927063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3267207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved molecular chaperones with divergent roles in various cellular processes. The HSPs are classified according to their molecular size as HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. The HSPs prevent nonspecific cellular aggregation of proteins by maintaining their native folding energetics. The disruption of this vital cellular process, driven by the aberrant expression of HSPs, is implicated in the progression of several different carcinomas. Many HSPs are also actively involved in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells, contributing to their metastatic phenotype. Upregulation of these HSPs is associated with the poor outcome of anticancer therapy in clinical settings. On the other hand, these highly expressed HSPs may be exploited as viable immunotherapeutic targets for different types of cancers. This review discusses recent advances and perspectives on the research of HSP-based cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Manda G, Hinescu ME, Neagoe IV, Ferreira LF, Boscencu R, Vasos P, Basaga SH, Cuadrado A. Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5268-5295. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190122163832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:Reactive oxygen species sustain tumorigenesis and cancer progression through deregulated redox signalling which also sensitizes cancer cells to therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer therapy based on a provoked singlet oxygen burst, exhibiting a better toxicological profile than chemo- and radiotherapy. Important gaps in the knowledge on underlining molecular mechanisms impede on its translation towards clinical applications.Aims and Methods:The main objective of this review is to critically analyse the knowledge lately gained on therapeutic targets related to redox and inflammatory networks underlining PDT and its outcome in terms of cell death and resistance to therapy. Emerging therapeutic targets and pharmaceutical tools will be documented based on the identified molecular background of PDT.Results:Cellular responses and molecular networks in cancer cells exposed to the PDT-triggered singlet oxygen burst and the associated stresses are analysed using a systems medicine approach, addressing both cell death and repair mechanisms. In the context of immunogenic cell death, therapeutic tools for boosting anti-tumor immunity will be outlined. Finally, the transcription factor NRF2, which is a major coordinator of cytoprotective responses, is presented as a promising pharmacologic target for developing co-therapies designed to increase PDT efficacy.Conclusion:There is an urgent need to perform in-depth molecular investigations in the field of PDT and to correlate them with clinical data through a systems medicine approach for highlighting the complex biological signature of PDT. This will definitely guide translation of PDT to clinic and the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F.V. Ferreira
- CQFM-Centro de Fisica Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul Vasos
- Research Centre of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Selma H. Basaga
- Molecular Biology Genetics & Program, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Mahmoudi K, Garvey KL, Bouras A, Cramer G, Stepp H, Jesu Raj JG, Bozec D, Busch TM, Hadjipanayis CG. 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of high-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2019; 141:595-607. [PMID: 30659522 PMCID: PMC6538286 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step treatment involving the administration of a photosensitive agent followed by its activation at a specific light wavelength for targeting of tumor cells. MATERIALS/METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to analyze the indications for PDT, mechanisms of action, use of different photosensitizers, the immunomodulatory effects of PDT, and both preclinical and clinical studies for use in high-grade gliomas (HGGs). RESULTS PDT has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of premalignant and malignant diseases, such as actinic keratoses, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancers, and endobronchial non-small cell lung cancers, as well as for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. In neuro-oncology, clinical trials are currently underway to demonstrate PDT efficacy against a number of malignancies that include HGGs and other brain tumors. Both photosensitizers and photosensitizing precursors have been used for PDT. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an intermediate in the heme synthesis pathway, is a photosensitizing precursor with FDA approval for PDT of actinic keratosis and as an intraoperative imaging agent for fluorescence-guided visualization of malignant tissue during glioma surgery. New trials are underway to utilize 5-ALA as a therapeutic agent for PDT of the intraoperative resection cavity and interstitial PDT for inoperable HGGs. CONCLUSION PDT remains a promising therapeutic approach that requires further study in HGGs. Use of 5-ALA PDT permits selective tumor targeting due to the intracellular metabolism of 5-ALA. The immunomodulatory effects of PDT further strengthen its use for treatment of HGGs and requires a better understanding. The combination of PDT with adjuvant therapies for HGGs will need to be studied in randomized, controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahmoudi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K L Garvey
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bouras
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Cramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Stepp
- Laser-Research Laboratory, LIFE-Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J G Jesu Raj
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Bozec
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - C G Hadjipanayis
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Schwake M, Nemes A, Dondrop J, Schroeteler J, Schipmann S, Senner V, Stummer W, Ewelt C. In-Vitro Use of 5-ALA for Photodynamic Therapy in Pediatric Brain Tumors. Neurosurgery 2018; 83:1328-1337. [PMID: 29538709 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light irradiation (635 nm) of cells containing protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) after 5- aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) pretreatment causes cell death via different pathways including apoptosis and necrosis, as previously demonstrated for malignant glioma cells. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether various malignant pediatric brain tumors, which have been shown to accumulate PPIX, would also be susceptible to photodynamic therapy (PDT). METHODS Medulloblastoma (DAOY, UW228), pNET (PFSK-1), and rhabdoid tumor (BT16) cell lines were incubated with 5-ALA in variable concentrations for 4 h. Consequently, cells were irradiated by 635 nm diode laser light. After 12 h, cell viability was measured by WST-1 testing and these results were compared to control cells incubated with 5-ALA without irradiation or irradiation only without prior incubation with 5-ALA. RESULTS We demonstrated significant cell death in malignant pediatric tumor cells after incubation with 5-ALA and laser irradiation in comparison to control groups. In all cell lines, we noticed significant cell death above a 5-ALA concentration of 50 μg/ml (P < .05). Neither 5-ALA incubation alone nor irradiation alone caused cell death. DAOY and PFSK cell lines were more susceptible than UW228 and BT16 cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that PDT causes cell death with higher PPIX concentrations after exposure to 5-ALA in vitro in accordance to similar studies with glioma cells. This indicates that PDT might be feasible for eliminating brain tumor cells in malignant pediatric brain tumors. Additionally, we noticed a dependency between fluorescence intensity and death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrei Nemes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jana Dondrop
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | - Volker Senner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Ewelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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26
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Briel-Pump A, Beez T, Ebbert L, Remke M, Weinhold S, Sabel MC, Sorg RV. Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in medulloblastoma cell lines and sensitivity to subsequent photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:298-305. [PMID: 30445362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. High risk patients still have a poor outcome, and especially young patients suffer from standard therapy induced sequelae. Therefore, other therapeutic options need to be explored. In glioblastoma (GBM), application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) results in selective accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in the tumor cells, which can be exploited during fluorescence-guided surgery to increase the extent of resection or for photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced phototoxicity. It is not entirely clear, whether MB cells accumulate PPIX and are sensitive to PDT. METHODS Human MYC-amplified (Med8A and D283) and non-amplified (UW228-2 and ONS76) MB cell lines were incubated for 2, 4 or 6 h with increasing doses (0-100 μg/ml) of 5-ALA, and PPIX accumulation was determined by flow cytometry. To assess sensitivity to 5-ALA/PDT, cells were incubated with 5-ALA and subsequently exposed to laser light of 635 nm wavelength (18.75 J/cm2). After an additional 24 h culture period, viability of cells was quantified using the WST-1 assay. Expression of ferrochelatase was detected by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ferrochelatase activity was quantified by measuring the enzymatic conversion of PPIX to zinc-protoporphyrin. Expression of the ABCG2 transporter protein CD338 was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS All MB cell lines showed a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of PPIX after exposure to exogenous 5-ALA and became sensitive to 5-ALA/PDT-induced phototoxicity. PPIX accumulation was reduced compared to U373 GBM cells at shorter incubation periods and limiting 5-ALA doses. Moreover, not all MB cells became PPIX positive and overall phototoxicity was lower in the MB cell lines. Notably, the MYC-amplified MB cells demonstrated a more pronounced photosensitivity compared to their non-amplified counterparts. There was no difference in expression of ferrochelatase, but enzymatic activity appeared to be reduced in the MB cells compared to U373 GBM cells, whereas CD338 was expressed on the MB cells only. CONCLUSION Medulloblastoma cell lines accumulate PPIX after application of 5-ALA and become sensitive to PDT, associated with low ferrochelatase expression and activity. Photosensitivity is more pronounced in MYC-amplified cell lines. In contrast to GBM cells, however, PPIX accumulation appears to be reduced, restricted to a subset of cells and associated with lower photosensitivity of the MB cell lines, possibly due to expression of the ABCG2 transporter protein CD338 on MB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Briel-Pump
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Ebbert
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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27
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Lee S, Son B, Park G, Kim H, Kang H, Jeon J, Youn H, Youn B. Immunogenic Effect of Hyperthermia on Enhancing Radiotherapeutic Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2795. [PMID: 30227629 PMCID: PMC6164993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment where tumor tissue is heated to around 40 °C. Hyperthermia shows both cancer cell cytotoxicity and immune response stimulation via immune cell activation. Immunogenic responses encompass the innate and adaptive immune systems, involving the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and T cells. Moreover, hyperthermia is commonly used in combination with different treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for better clinical outcomes. In this review, we will focus on hyperthermia-induced immunogenic effects and molecular events to improve radiotherapy efficacy. The beneficial potential of integrating radiotherapy with hyperthermia is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Gaeul Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy of tumors requires the topical, systemic or oral administration of a photosensitizing compound, illumination of the tumor area by light of a specific wavelength and the presence of oxygen. Light activation of the photosensitizer transfers energy to molecular oxygen creating singlet oxygen, a highly reactive and toxic species that rapidly reacts with cellular components causing oxidative damage, ultimately leading to cell death. Tumor destruction caused by photodynamic therapy is not only a result of direct tumor cell toxicity via the generation of reactive oxygen species but there is also an immunological and vascular component involved. The immune response to photodynamic therapy has been demonstrated to significantly enhance its efficacy. Depending on a number of factors, including type of photosensitizer, light dose and dose rate, photodynamic therapy has been shown to induce cell death via apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and in particular immunogenic cell death. It is the purpose of this review to focus mainly on the role photodynamic therapy could play in the generation of specific anti-tumor immunity and vaccines for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hirschberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0310, Norway
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29
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Stepp H, Stummer W. 5‐ALA in the management of malignant glioma. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:399-419. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Stepp
- LIFE Center and Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of MunichFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1981377MunichGermany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Clinic MünsterAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude A148149MünsterGermany
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30
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Lan YL, Wang X, Lou JC, Ma XC, Zhang B. The potential roles of aquaporin 4 in malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32345-32355. [PMID: 28423683 PMCID: PMC5458289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the major water channel expressed in the central nervous system and is primarily expressed in astrocytes. Recently, accumulated evidence has pointed to AQP4 as a key molecule that could play a critical role in glioma development. Discoveries of the role of AQP4 in cell migration suggest that AQP4 could be a significant factor regarding glioma malignancies. However, the AQP4 expression levels in glioma have not been fully elucidated; furthermore, the correlation of AQP4 expression with glioma malignancy remains controversial. Here, we review the expression pattern and predictive significance of AQP4 in malignant glioma. The molecular mechanism of AQP4 as it pertains to the migration and invasion of human glioma cells has been summarized. In addition, the important roles of AQP4 in combating drug resistance as well as potential pharmacological blockers of AQP4 have been systematically discussed. More research should be conducted to elucidate the potential roles of AQP4 in malignant glioma for identifying the tumor type, progression stages and optimal treatment strategies. The observed experimental results strongly emphasize the importance of this topic for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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31
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Wang HX, Yang Y, Guo H, Hou DD, Zheng S, Hong YX, Cai YF, Huo W, Qi RQ, Zhang L, Chen HD, Gao XH. HSPB1 deficiency sensitizes melanoma cells to hyperthermia induced cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67449-67462. [PMID: 27626679 PMCID: PMC5341888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia has shown clinical potency as a single agent or as adjuvant to other therapies in cancer treatment. However, thermotolerance induced by thermosensitive genes such as the heat shock proteins can limit the efficacy of hyperthermic treatment. In the present study, we identified HSPB1 (HSP27) is hyperthermically inducible or endogenously highly expressed in both murine and human melanoma cell lines. We used a siRNA strategy to reduce HSPB1 levels and showed increased intolerance to hyperthermia via reduced cell viability and/or proliferation of cells. In the investigation of underlying mechanisms, we found knock down of HSPB1 further increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in hyperthermic treated melanoma cells when compared with either single agent alone, and both agents leaded to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M phases. We concluded that hyperthermia combined with silencing of HSPB1 enhanced cell death and resulted in failure to thrive in melanoma cell lines, implying the potential clinical utility of hyperthermia in combination with HSPB1 inhibition in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Dong Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Song Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiao Hong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fei Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
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32
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Suero Molina E, Wölfer J, Ewelt C, Ehrhardt A, Brokinkel B, Stummer W. Dual-labeling with 5-aminolevulinic acid and fluorescein for fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade gliomas: technical note. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:399-405. [PMID: 28338432 DOI: 10.3171/2016.11.jns161072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluorescence guidance with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) helps improve resections of malignant gliomas. However, one limitation is the low intensity of blue light for background illumination. Fluorescein has recently been reintroduced into neurosurgery, and novel microscope systems are available for visualizing this fluorochrome, which highlights all perfused tissues but has limited selectivity for tumor detection. Here, the authors investigate a combination of both fluorochromes: 5-ALA for distinguishing tumor and fluorescein for providing tissue fluorescence of adjacent brain tissue. METHODS The authors evaluated 6 patients who harbored cerebral lesions suggestive of high-grade glioma. Patients received 5-ALA (20 mg/kg) orally 4 hours before induction of anesthesia. Low-dose fluorescein (3 mg/kg intravenous) was injected immediately after anesthesia induction. Pentero microscopes (equipped either with Yellow 560 or Blue 400 filters) were used to visualize fluorescence. To simultaneously visualize both fluorochromes, the Yellow 560 module was combined with external blue light illumination (D-light C System). RESULTS Fluorescein-induced fluorescence created a useful background for protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence, which appeared orange to red, surrounded by greenly fluorescent normal brain and edematous tissue. Green brain-tissue fluorescence was helpful in augmenting background. Levels of blue illumination that were too strong obscured PPIX fluorescence. Unspecific extravasation of fluorescein was noted at resection margins, which did not interfere with PPIX fluorescence detection. CONCLUSIONS Dual labeling with both PPIX and fluorescein fluorescence is feasible and gives superior background information during fluorescence-guided resections. The authors believe that this technique carries potential as a next step in fluorescence-guided resections if it is completely integrated into the surgical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Wölfer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster; and
| | - Christian Ewelt
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster; and
| | | | | | - Walter Stummer
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster; and
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33
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Lou JC, Lan YL, Gao JX, Ma BB, Yang T, Yuan ZB, Zhang HQ, Zhu TZ, Pan N, Leng S, Song GJ, Zhang B. Silencing NUDT21 Attenuates the Mesenchymal Identity of Glioblastoma Cells via the NF-κB Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:420. [PMID: 29311812 PMCID: PMC5742174 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are robust and generally consistent with classification schemes. GBMs in the MES subclass are predominantly primary tumors that, compared to PN tumors, exhibit a worse prognosis; thus, understanding the mechanism of MES differentiation may be of great benefit for the treatment of GBM. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is critically important in GBM, and activation of NF-κB could induce MES transdifferentiation in GBM, which warrants additional research. NUDT21 is a newly discovered tumor-associated gene according to our current research. The exact roles of NUDT21 in cancer incidence have not been elucidated. Here, we report that NUDT21 expression was upregulated in human glioma tissues and that NUDT21 promoted glioma cell proliferation, likely through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis, western blotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed that NF-κB inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) was a downstream target affected by NUDT21 and that the MES identity genes in glioblastoma cells, CHI3L1 and FN1, were also differentially regulated. Our results suggest that NUDT21 is an upstream regulator of the NF-κB pathway and a potential molecular target for the MES subtype of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Xia Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhong-Bo Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Zhun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Leng
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gui-Jun Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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34
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Schroeteler J, Ewelt C, Wölfer J, Schipmann S, Schwake M, Stummer W. 5 ALA-PDT in neurosurgery. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Photodynamic Efficiency of Xanthene Dyes and Their Phototoxicity against a Carcinoma Cell Line: A Computational and Experimental Study. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the insights of molecular properties of the xanthene dyes [fluorescein (FL), Rose Bengal (RB), erythrosin B (EB), and eosin Y (EY)] to correlate systematically their photodynamic efficiency as well as their phototoxicity against a carcinoma cell line. The phototoxicity was evaluated by comparing the values of the medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) upon HEp-2 cells with the xanthene corresponding photodynamic activity using the uric acid as a chemical dosimeter and their octanol-water partition coefficient (logP). RB was the more cytotoxic dye against HEp-2 cell line and the most efficient photosensitizer in causing photoxidation of uric acid; nevertheless it was the only one characterized as being hydrophobic among the xanthenes studied here. On the other hand, it was observed that the halogen substituents increased the hydrophilicity and photodynamic activity, consistent with the cytotoxic experiments. Furthermore, the reactivity index parameters, electric dipole moment, molecular volume, and the frontier orbitals were also obtained by the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The lowest dipole moment and highest molecular volume of RB corroborate with its highest hydrophobicity due to heavy atom substituents like halogens, while the halogen substituents did not affect expressively the electronic features at all.
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Leroy HA, Vermandel M, Vignion-Dewalle AS, Leroux B, Maurage CA, Duhamel A, Mordon S, Reyns N. Interstitial photodynamic therapy and glioblastoma: Light fractionation in a preclinical model. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:506-515. [PMID: 28012197 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a high-grade cerebral tumor with local recurrence and poor outcome. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a localized treatment based on the light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen, which results in the formation of cytotoxic species. The delivery of fractionated light may enhance treatment efficacy by reoxygenating tissues. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of two light-fractionation schemes using immunohistological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human U87 cells were grafted into the right putamen of 39 nude rats. After PS precursor intake (5-ALA), an optic fiber was introduced into the tumor. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: without light, with light split into 2 fractions and with light split into 5 fractions. Treatment effects were assessed using brain immunohistology. RESULTS Fractionated treatments induced intratumoral necrosis (P < 0.001) and peritumoral edema (P = 0.009) associated with a macrophagic infiltration (P = 0.006). The ratio of apoptotic cells was higher in the 5-fraction group than in either the sham (P = 0.024) or 2-fraction group (P = 0.01). Peripheral vascularization increased after treatment (P = 0.017), and these likely new vessels were more frequently observed in the 5-fraction group (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION Interstitial PDT with fractionated light resulted in specific tumoral lesions. The 5-fraction scheme induced more apoptosis but led to greater peripheral neovascularization. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:506-515, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Arthur Leroy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Vignion-Dewalle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Alain Duhamel
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Lille, EA2694, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Serge Mordon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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Schimanski A, Ebbert L, Sabel MC, Finocchiaro G, Lamszus K, Ewelt C, Etminan N, Fischer JC, Sorg RV. Human glioblastoma stem-like cells accumulate protoporphyrin IX when subjected to exogenous 5-aminolaevulinic acid, rendering them sensitive to photodynamic treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xu S, Guo X, Gao X, Xue H, Zhang J, Guo X, Qiu W, Zhang P, Li G. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor enhances autophagy by regulating ROCK1 activity and contributes to the escape of dendritic cell surveillance in glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2105-2115. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Heat shock protein 70, (Hsp70) constitutes a powerful system of cytoprotection in all organisms studied to date. Exerting such activity, Hsp70 rescues cancer cells from antitumor therapy, posing a great challenge for oncologists. In contrast to its protective action, Hsp70 was found to be released from cancer cells, prompting cytotoxic lymphocytes to target and kill the tumor. A great number of vaccines have been developed on the basis of the ability of Hsp70 to present tumor antigen or to elevate the sensitivity of cancer cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes. In this commentary, we consider novel data on the employment of pure Hsp70 in the therapy of glioma and melanoma malignancies. We show that intratumorally delivered Hsp70 penetrates cancer cells and pulls its intracellular analog outside of the cell. This displacement may activate cells, constituting both innate and adaptive immunity. In vivo delivery of Hsp70 was found to inhibit tumor growth and to extend survival. The technology of intratumoral injection of pure Hsp70 passed through preclinical trials and was investigated in clinics for children with brain cancer; the results show the safety and feasibility of a new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Guzhova
- a Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- a Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia
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41
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Nyga A, Neves J, Stamati K, Loizidou M, Emberton M, Cheema U. The next level of 3D tumour models: immunocompetence. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1421-1428. [PMID: 27113911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the tumour microenvironment encompasses interactions between cancer and stromal cells. Moving from 2D cell culture methods into 3D models enables more-accurate investigation of those interactions. Current 3D cancer models focus on cancer spheroid interaction with stromal cells, such as fibroblasts. However, over recent years, the cancer immune environment has been shown to have a major role in tumour progression. This review summarises the state-of-art on immunocompetent 3D cancer models that, in addition to cancer cells, also incorporate immune cells, including monocytes, cancer-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Nyga
- Research Department of Nanotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Joana Neves
- Research Department of Urology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Katerina Stamati
- Research Department of Nanotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Research Department of Nanotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Research Department of Urology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Research Department of Materials and Tissues, Institute of Orthopaedics, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.
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42
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Ferraro N, Barbarite E, Albert TR, Berchmans E, Shah AH, Bregy A, Ivan ME, Brown T, Komotar RJ. The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in brain tumor surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 39:545-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-015-0695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vandenberk L, Belmans J, Van Woensel M, Riva M, Van Gool SW. Exploiting the Immunogenic Potential of Cancer Cells for Improved Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Front Immunol 2016; 6:663. [PMID: 26834740 PMCID: PMC4712296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is currently the hottest topic in the oncology field, owing predominantly to the discovery of immune checkpoint blockers. These promising antibodies and their attractive combinatorial features have initiated the revival of other effective immunotherapies, such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccinations. Although DC-based immunotherapy can induce objective clinical and immunological responses in several tumor types, the immunogenic potential of this monotherapy is still considered suboptimal. Hence, focus should be directed on potentiating its immunogenicity by making step-by-step protocol innovations to obtain next-generation Th1-driving DC vaccines. We review some of the latest developments in the DC vaccination field, with a special emphasis on strategies that are applied to obtain a highly immunogenic tumor cell cargo to load and to activate the DCs. To this end, we discuss the effects of three immunogenic treatment modalities (ultraviolet light, oxidizing treatments, and heat shock) and five potent inducers of immunogenic cell death [radiotherapy, shikonin, high-hydrostatic pressure, oncolytic viruses, and (hypericin-based) photodynamic therapy] on DC biology and their application in DC-based immunotherapy in preclinical as well as clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Vandenberk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jochen Belmans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Woensel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Riva
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefaan W Van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Kinderklinik, RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Immunologic-Oncologic Centre Cologne (IOZK), Köln, Germany
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Rodríguez ME, Cogno IS, Milla Sanabria LS, Morán YS, Rivarola VA. Heat shock proteins in the context of photodynamic therapy: autophagy, apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1090-1102. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins can mediate resistance to photodynamic therapy by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating autophagy which, in turn, prevents apoptosis and immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías E. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Ingrid S. Cogno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Laura S. Milla Sanabria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Yanina S. Morán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
| | - Viviana A. Rivarola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Río Cuarto (5800)
- Argentina
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Potential Molecular Mechanisms Involved in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Based Photodynamic Therapy against Human Hypertrophic Scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136:715-727. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Weijer R, Broekgaarden M, Kos M, van Vught R, Rauws EA, Breukink E, van Gulik TM, Storm G, Heger M. Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ewelt C, Nemes A, Senner V, Wölfer J, Brokinkel B, Stummer W, Holling M. Fluorescence in neurosurgery: Its diagnostic and therapeutic use. Review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:302-309. [PMID: 26000742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent agents, e.g. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) are in common use in neurosurgery for tumor resection and neurovascular surgery. Protoporphyrine IX (PPIX) as major metabolite of 5-ALA is a strong fluorescent substance accumulated within malignant glioma tissue and a very sensitive and specific tool for visualizing high grade glioma tissue during surgery. Furthermore, 5-ALA or rather PPIX also offers an intratumoral therapeutic option stimulated by laser light in specific wavelength. Fluorescein was demonstrated to show similar fluorescent reactions in neurosurgery, but is controversial in its use, especially in high grade tumor surgery. Intraoperative angiography during resection of arterio-venous malformations, extracranial-intracranial-bypass or aneurysm surgery is supported by ICG fluorescence. Generally ICG will provide beneficial information for both, exposure of the pathology and illustration of healthy structures. This manuscript shows an overview of the literature focussing fluorescence in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ewelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andrei Nemes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Senner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Wölfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Holling
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Hillemanns P, Garcia F, Petry KU, Dvorak V, Sadovsky O, Iversen OE, Einstein MH. A randomized study of hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1/2. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:465.e1-7. [PMID: 25467012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.10.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT), a novel therapy for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1/2, to define the appropriate population and endpoints for a phase 3 program. STUDY DESIGN This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study that included a total of 262 women with biopsy-confirmed CIN 1/2 based on local pathology. Patients received 1 or 2 topical treatments of HAL hydrochloride 0.2%, 1%, 5%, and placebo ointment and were evaluated for response after 3-6 months based on biopsy, Papanicolaou test, and oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) test. All efficacy analyses were performed on blinded central histology review to avoid interreader variability. Adverse events, blood biochemistry, and vital signs were assessed after 3 months. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between placebo and either the CIN 1 or combined CIN 1/2 populations. A clear dose effect with a statistically significant response in the HAL 5% group of 95% (18/19 patients) compared to 57% (12/21 patients) in the placebo group (P < .001) was observed at 3 months in women with CIN 2, including an encouraging 83% (5/6 patients) clearance of HPV 16/18 compared to 33% (2/6 patients) in the placebo group at 6 months. The treatment was easy to use and well accepted by patients and gynecologists. Only local self-limiting adverse reactions including discharge, discomfort, and spotting were reported. CONCLUSION HAL PDT is a novel therapy that shows promise in the treatment of CIN 2 including clearance of oncogenic HPV, but not of CIN 1. The positive risk/benefit balance makes HAL PDT a tissue-preserving alternative in women of childbearing age who wish to preserve the cervix. Confirmatory studies are planned.
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Zamarrón A, Lucena SR, Salazar N, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Jaén P, Gilaberte Y, González S, Juarranz Á. Isolation and characterization of PDT-resistant cancer cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1378-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Even though the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating premalignant and malignant lesions has been demonstrated, resistant tumor cells to this therapy occasionally appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Zamarrón
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Silvia R. Lucena
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Nerea Salazar
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | | | - Pedro Jaén
- Department of Dermatology
- Hospital Ramón y Cajal
- Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology
- Hospital San Jorge
- Huesca
- Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Dermatology
- Hospital Ramón y Cajal
- Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
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50
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Panzarini E, Inguscio V, Fimia GM, Dini L. Rose Bengal acetate photodynamic therapy (RBAc-PDT) induces exposure and release of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in human HeLa cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105778. [PMID: 25140900 PMCID: PMC4139382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The new concept of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD), associated with Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) exposure and/or release, is recently becoming very appealing in cancer treatment. In this context, PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) can give rise to ICD and to immune response upon dead cells removal. The list of PhotoSensitizers (PSs) able to induce ICD is still short and includes Photofrin, Hypericin, Foscan and 5-ALA. The goal of the present work was to investigate if Rose Bengal Acetate (RBAc), a powerful PS able to trigger apoptosis and autophagy, enables photosensitized HeLa cells to expose and/or release pivotal DAMPs, i.e. ATP, HSP70, HSP90, HMGB1, and calreticulin (CRT), that characterize ICD. We found that apoptotic HeLa cells after RBAc-PDT exposed and released, early after the treatment, high amount of ATP, HSP70, HSP90 and CRT; the latter was distributed on the cell surface as uneven patches and co-exposed with ERp57. Conversely, autophagic HeLa cells after RBAc-PDT exposed and released HSP70, HSP90 but not CRT and ATP. Exposure and release of HSP70 and HSP90 were always higher on apoptotic than on autophagic cells. HMGB1 was released concomitantly to secondary necrosis (24 h after RBAc-PDT). Phagocytosis assay suggests that CRT is involved in removal of RBAc-PDT generated apoptotic HeLa cells. Altogether, our data suggest that RBAc has all the prerequisites (i.e. exposure and/or release of ATP, CRT, HSP70 and HSP90), that must be verified in future vaccination experiments, to be considered a good PS candidate to ignite ICD. We also showed tha CRT is involved in the clearance of RBAc photokilled HeLa cells. Interestingly, RBAc-PDT is the first cancer PDT protocol able to induce the translocation of HSP90 and plasma membrane co-exposure of CRT with ERp57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Inguscio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail:
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