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Woodson J, Baha A, Verma N. Case Study of Atypical Fibroxanthoma: Presentation and Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e55094. [PMID: 38558602 PMCID: PMC10978462 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare spindle cell proliferation arising from significant sun exposure. AFX often appears as a red papule, typically found in the head and neck region of elderly patients. Since there is no specificity in immunohistology, various stains differentiate AFX from other skin cancers. The stains include cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), vimentin, cytokeratin epithelial (CKAE), and melanin. While local recurrence is common, AFX rarely metastasizes. Thus, the treatment options are complete surgical excision or micrographically oriented histographic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Baha
- Dermatology, Chaparral Medical Group, Rancho Cucamonga, USA
| | - Nikita Verma
- Dermatology, Chaparral Medical Group, Rancho Cucamonga, USA
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Arena S, Ieni A, Currò M, Vaccaro M, Di Fabrizio D, Cassaro F, Bonfiglio R, Montalto AS, Tuccari G, Alibrandi A, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Immunohistological Analysis of Lichen Sclerosus of the Foreskin in Pediatric Age: Could It Be Considered a Premalignant Lesion? Biomedicines 2023; 11:1986. [PMID: 37509626 PMCID: PMC10377095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major worry of juvenile penile LS is potential malignant degeneration to spinocellular carcinoma (SCC) in adulthood. LS is characterized by increased CD8+ and CD57+ cells, dermal sclerosis, epidermal atrophy, and hyperkeratosis. p53 and Ki67 are reliable premalignant markers. Our aim was to define the LS immunohistochemical profile of foreskin in children, focusing on tissue immune response and cell proliferation. METHODS Thirty specimens of foreskins removed from pediatric patients during circumcision were included: six from ritual operation (A), twelve from phimosis (B), and twelve from phimosis with LS (C). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained for histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. A quantitative evaluation for CD8, CD57, p53, and Ki-67 and a statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS As compared to groups A and B, the samples from group C patients showed an acanthotic epidermis, a dermal band of lymphoid infiltrate with a significant enhancement of CD8+ CD57+ lymphocytes, and a keratinocytic hyperplasia with an overexpression of Ki67+ and p53+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistological findings confirmed an immune reaction and proliferative behavior in juvenile LS of foreskin. We believe that radical circumcision should be the first treatment of choice in pediatric patients with clinical suspicious of LS for the potential risk of transformation to SCC in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Unit of Human Pathology, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Di Fabrizio
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiola Cassaro
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Bonfiglio
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Simona Montalto
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
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Russo EE, Zovko LE, Nazari R, Steenland H, Ramsey AJ, Salahpour A. Evaluation and Validation of Commercially Available Dopamine Transporter Antibodies. eNeuro 2023; 10:10/5/ENEURO.0341-22.2023. [PMID: 37142435 PMCID: PMC10162361 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0341-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With a wide variety of dopamine transporter (DAT) antibodies available commercially, it is important to validate which antibodies provide sufficient immunodetection for reproducibility purpose and for accurate analysis of DAT levels and/or location. Commercially available DAT antibodies that are commonly used were tested in western blotting (WB) on wild-type (WT) and DAT-knock-out (DAT-KO) brain tissue and with immunohistology (IH) techniques against coronal slices of unilaterally lesioned 6-OHDA rats, in addition to wild-type and DAT-knock-out mice. DAT-KO mice and unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in rats were used as a negative control for DAT antibody specificity. Antibodies were tested at various concentrations and rated based on signal detection varying from no signal to optimal signal detection. Commonly used antibodies, including AB2231 and PT-22 524-1-AP, did not provide specific DAT signals in WB and IH. Although certain antibodies provided a good DAT signal, such as SC-32258, D6944, and MA5-24796, they also presented nonspecific bands in WB. Many DAT antibodies did not detect the DAT as advertised, and this characterization of DAT antibodies may provide a guide for immunodetection of DAT for molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Russo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lola E Zovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hendrik Steenland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Bolstad K, Novales Flamarique I. Two mechanisms of retinal photoreceptor plasticity underlie rapid adaptation to novel light environments. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1080-1094. [PMID: 37071606 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Fishes experience different light environments over short time periods that may require quick modulation of photoreceptor properties to optimize visual function. Previous research has shown that the relative expression of different visual pigment protein (opsin) transcripts can change within several days following exposure to new light environments, but whether such changes are mirrored by analogous modulation in opsin protein expression is unknown. Here, Atlantic halibut larvae and juveniles raised under white light were exposed to blue light for 1 week and their retina compared to that of controls, which remained under white light. Blue light-treated larvae showed increased expression of all cone opsin transcripts, except rh2, over controls. They also had longer outer segments, and higher density of long wavelength sensitive (L) cones in the dorsal retina. In contrast, only the lws transcript was upregulated in juveniles exposed to blue light compared to controls but their L cone density was greater throughout the retina. These results demonstrate two mechanisms of rapid photoreceptor plasticity as a function of developmental stage associated with improved perception of achromatic or chromatic contrasts in line with the animal's ecological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Bolstad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iñigo Novales Flamarique
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Muramoto M, Kanda S, Kobayashi T, Tamada H, Fukazawa A, Koiwai K, Koizumi T. A case of mediastinal mesenchymal tumor with pericytic neoplasm feature that responded to radiation therapy. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1204-1207. [PMID: 36965153 PMCID: PMC10151134 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a case of mediastinal mesenchymal tumor with a pericytic neoplasm feature that responded to radiation therapy. A 43-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of esophageal obstruction and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a middle mediastinal tumor and a mesenchymal tumor was diagnosed with a pericytic neoplasm feature by video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy. The definitive treatment for soft tissue tumor is surgical resection; however, the mediastinal tumor was unresectable because of esophageal and tracheal invasion. Radiation therapy was administered and there was a partial tumor response and 2 years disease-free status. With a review of the literature, we discuss the clinical and pathological characteristics of this rare tumor and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Muramoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kanda
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tamada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayumu Fukazawa
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Koiwai
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Koizumi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Dubuisson N, Versele R, Planchon C, Selvais CM, Noel L, Abou-Samra M, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA. Histological Methods to Assess Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16080. [PMID: 36555721 PMCID: PMC9786356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease caused by the loss of function of the protein dystrophin. This protein contributes to the stabilisation of striated cells during contraction, as it anchors the cytoskeleton with components of the extracellular matrix through the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Moreover, absence of the functional protein affects the expression and function of proteins within the DAPC, leading to molecular events responsible for myofibre damage, muscle weakening, disability and, eventually, premature death. Presently, there is no cure for DMD, but different treatments help manage some of the symptoms. Advances in genetic and exon-skipping therapies are the most promising intervention, the safety and efficiency of which are tested in animal models. In addition to in vivo functional tests, ex vivo molecular evaluation aids assess to what extent the therapy has contributed to the regenerative process. In this regard, the later advances in microscopy and image acquisition systems and the current expansion of antibodies for immunohistological evaluation together with the development of different spectrum fluorescent dyes have made histology a crucial tool. Nevertheless, the complexity of the molecular events that take place in dystrophic muscles, together with the rise of a multitude of markers for each of the phases of the process, makes the histological assessment a challenging task. Therefore, here, we summarise and explain the rationale behind different histological techniques used in the literature to assess degeneration and regeneration in the field of dystrophinopathies, focusing especially on those related to DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL), Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Versele
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chloé Planchon
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille M. Selvais
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - María A. Davis-López de Carrizosa
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Bolstad K, Novales Flamarique I. Chromatic organization of retinal photoreceptors during eye migration of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). J Comp Neurol 2022; 531:256-280. [PMID: 36217253 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The retinas of fishes often have single and double cone photoreceptors that are organized in lattice-like mosaics. In flatfishes experiencing eye migration (i.e., the metamorphic process whereby one eye migrates to the other side of the head), the hexagonal lattice of single cones present in the larva undergoes major restructuring resulting in a dominant square mosaic postmetamorphosis consisting of four double cones surrounding each single cone. The expression of different opsin types during eye migration has not been examined despite its importance in understanding photoreceptor plasticity and whether cell fate (in terms of spectral phenotype) could influence square mosaic formation. Here, we probed the retina of Atlantic halibut undergoing eye migration for opsin expression using two antibodies, AHblue and AB5407, that labeled short wavelength sensitive 2 (SWS2) opsin and longer wavelength (predominantly middle wavelength sensitive, RH2) opsins, respectively. Throughout the retina, double and triple cones labeled with AB5407 exclusively, whereas the vast majority of single cones labeled with AHblue. A minority (<5%) of single cones in the square mosaic of the centroventral retina labeled with AB5407. In regions of mosaic transition and near peripheral growth zones, some single cones co-expressed at least two opsins as they labeled with both antibodies. Short wavelength (SWS2 expressing, or S) cones formed a nonrandom mosaic gradient from central to dorsal retina in a region dominated by the larval single cone mosaic. Our results demonstrate the expression of at least two opsins throughout the postmetamorphic retina and suggest opsin switching as a mechanism to create new cone spectral phenotypes. In addition, the S cone gradient at the onset of eye migration may underlie a plastic, cell induction mechanism by which a cone's phenotype determines that of its neighbors and the formation of the square mosaic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Bolstad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iñigo Novales Flamarique
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Tziridis K, Schulze H. Preventive Effects of Ginkgo-Extract EGb 761 ® on Noise Trauma-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy. Nutrients 2022; 14:3015. [PMID: 35893868 PMCID: PMC9330013 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise trauma-induced loss of ribbon synapses at the inner hair cells (IHC) of the cochlea may lead to hearing loss (HL), resulting in tinnitus. We are convinced that a successful and sustainable therapy of tinnitus has to treat both symptom and cause. One of these causes may be the mentioned loss of ribbon synapses at the IHC of the cochlea. In this study, we investigated the possible preventive and curative effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on noise-induced synaptopathy, HL, and tinnitus development in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). To this end, 37 male animals received EGb 761® or placebo orally 3 weeks before (16 animals) or after (21 animals) a monaural acoustic noise trauma (2 kHz, 115 dB SPL, 75 min). Animals' hearing thresholds were determined by auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry. A possible tinnitus percept was assessed by the gap prepulse inhibition acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS) response paradigm. Synaptopathy was quantified by cochlear immunofluorescence histology, counting the ribbon synapses of 15 IHCs at 11 different cochlear frequency locations per ear. We found a clear preventive effect of EGb 761® on ribbon synapse numbers with the surprising result of a significant increase in synaptic innervation on the trauma side relative to placebo-treated animals. Consequently, animals treated with EGb 761® before noise trauma did not develop a significant HL and were also less affected by tinnitus compared to placebo-treated animals. On the other hand, we did not see a curative effect (EGb 761® treatment after noise trauma) of the extract on ribbon synapse numbers and, consequently, a significant HL and no difference in tinnitus development compared to the placebo-treated animals. Taken together, EGb 761® prevented noise-induced HL and tinnitus by protecting from noise trauma-induced cochlear ribbon synapse loss; however, in our model, it did not restore lost ribbon synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT Clinic Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Spira ME, Erez H, Sharon A. Assessing the Feasibility of Developing in vivo Neuroprobes for Parallel Intracellular Recording and Stimulation: A Perspective. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:807797. [PMID: 35145375 PMCID: PMC8821521 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.807797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel neuroprobes that enable parallel multisite, long-term intracellular recording and stimulation of neurons in freely behaving animals is a neuroscientist's dream. When fulfilled, it is expected to significantly enhance brain research at fundamental mechanistic levels including that of subthreshold signaling and computations. Here we assess the feasibility of merging the advantages of in vitro vertical nanopillar technologies that support intracellular recordings with contemporary concepts of in vivo extracellular field potential recordings to generate the dream neuroprobes that read the entire electrophysiological signaling repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha E. Spira
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Erez
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Sharon
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sharon A, Shmoel N, Erez H, Jankowski MM, Friedmann Y, Spira ME. Ultrastructural Analysis of Neuroimplant-Parenchyma Interfaces Uncover Remarkable Neuroregeneration Along-With Barriers That Limit the Implant Electrophysiological Functions. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:764448. [PMID: 34880722 PMCID: PMC8645653 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.764448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing use of in vivo multielectrode array (MEA) implants for basic research and medical applications, the critical structural interfaces formed between the implants and the brain parenchyma, remain elusive. Prevailing view assumes that formation of multicellular inflammatory encapsulating-scar around the implants [the foreign body response (FBR)] degrades the implant electrophysiological functions. Using gold mushroom shaped microelectrodes (gMμEs) based perforated polyimide MEA platforms (PPMPs) that in contrast to standard probes can be thin sectioned along with the interfacing parenchyma; we examined here for the first time the interfaces formed between brains parenchyma and implanted 3D vertical microelectrode platforms at the ultrastructural level. Our study demonstrates remarkable regenerative processes including neuritogenesis, axon myelination, synapse formation and capillaries regrowth in contact and around the implant. In parallel, we document that individual microglia adhere tightly and engulf the gMμEs. Modeling of the formed microglia-electrode junctions suggest that this configuration suffice to account for the low and deteriorating recording qualities of in vivo MEA implants. These observations help define the anticipated hurdles to adapting the advantageous 3D in vitro vertical-electrode technologies to in vivo settings, and suggest that improving the recording qualities and durability of planar or 3D in vivo electrode implants will require developing approaches to eliminate the insulating microglia junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Sharon
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Shmoel
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Erez
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maciej M. Jankowski
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Friedmann
- Bio-Imaging Unit, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Micha E. Spira
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Guisado FR, Castro PL. Piloleiomyosarcoma in cats: Histological and immunohistochemical features. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:57-62. [PMID: 34525874 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211042582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile of 9 cases of feline piloleiomyosarcoma. Cats ranged in age from 7 to 16 years (mean 10), and tumors were 7 to 24 mm in diameter (mean 15). Tumors were composed of fusiform cells that were haphazardly arranged or in variably sized interwoven bundles. Neoplastic cells had eosinophilic and fibrillar cytoplasm, and elongated blunt-ended nuclei. Entrapment of hair follicles and absence of vascular components support an origin from the smooth muscle cells of the arrector pili. Additional findings included bizarre nuclei and giant cells (7/9 cases), atypical mitoses (7/9 cases), ulceration (3/9 cases), and intratumoral necrosis (6/9 cases). Neoplastic cells expressed calponin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin, but not CD18, CD31, cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, Melan A, p63, or S-100 protein. Surgical excision was curative in 6/9 cases, with local recurrence in 2/9 cases and metastasis to local lymph nodes in 1/9 case. Clinical outcome was influenced by mitotic count, infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, and intensity of nuclear immunolabeling for p53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Luis Castro
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Fretwurst T, Müller J, Larsson L, Bronsert P, Hazard D, Castilho RM, Kohal R, Nelson K, Iglhaut G. Immunohistological composition of peri-implantitis affected tissue around ceramic implants-A pilot study. J Periodontol 2020; 92:571-579. [PMID: 32839977 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the pilot study was the histologic classification of the inflamed peri-implant soft tissue around ceramic implants (CI) in comparison with titanium implants (TI). METHODS Peri-implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, seven males/eight females) with severe peri-implantitis (eight CI, seven TI). The peri-implant soft tissue samples were retrieved from the sites during scheduled removal of the implant and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. Monoclonal antibodies (targeting CD3, CD20, CD138, and CD68) were used to identify T- and B-cells, plasma cells and macrophages. Quantitative assessment was performed by one histologically trained investigator. Linear mixed regression models were used. RESULTS A similar numerical distribution of the cell population was found in peri-implantitis around CI compared with TI. CD3 (TI, 17% to 85% versus CI, 20% to 70% of total cell number) and CD138 (TI, 1% to 73% versus CI, 12% to 69% of total cell number) were predominantly expressed. Notably, patient-individual differences of numerical cell distribution were detected. Co-localization of B- and T-lymphocytes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implantitis around CI in comparison with TI seems to have a similar histological appearance. Differences in cellular composition of peri-implantitis lesions might also depend on the patient's specific immune status and not only on the material used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Janina Müller
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany, Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Derek Hazard
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ralf Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Iglhaut
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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13
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Ficklscherer A, Zhang AZ, Beer T, Gülecyüz MF, Klar RM, Safi E, Woiczinski M, Jansson V, Müller PE. The effect of autologous Achilles bursal tissue implants in tendon-to-bone healing of rotator cuff tears in rats. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1892-1900. [PMID: 32299772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of autologous bursal tissue derived from the Achilles bursa on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff tear repair in a rat model. METHODS A total of 136 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either an untreated or a bursal tissue application group or biomechanical testing and histologic testing after rotator cuff repair. After separating the supraspinatus tendon close to the greater tuberosity, the tendon was reattached either unaltered or with a bursal tissue interposition sewn onto the interface. Immunohistologic analysis was performed 1 and 7 weeks after supraspinatus tendon reinsertion. Biomechanical testing of the tendon occurred 6 and 7 weeks after reinsertion. RESULTS Immunohistologic results demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of Type II collagen (P = .04) after 1 and 7 weeks in the tendon-to-bone interface using autologous bursal tissue in comparison to control specimens. The bursa group showed a significantly higher collagen I to III quotient (P = .03) at 1 week after surgery in comparison to the 7-week postsurgery bursa groups and controls. Biomechanical assessment showed that overall tendon stiffness (P = .002) and the tendon viscoelasticity in the bursa group (P = .003) was significantly improved after 6 and 7 weeks. There was no significant difference (P = .55) in force to failure between the bursa group and the control group after 6 and 7 weeks. CONCLUSION Autologous bursal tissue derived from the Achilles bursa and implanted to the tendon-to-bone interface after rotator cuff repair facilitates a faster healing response to re-establish the biologic and biomechanical integrity of the rotator cuff in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ficklscherer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Z Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Beer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehmet F Gülecyüz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Klar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elem Safi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Woiczinski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Huang SH, Shmoel N, Jankowski MM, Erez H, Sharon A, Abu-Salah W, Nelken I, Weiss A, Spira ME. Immunohistological and Ultrastructural Study of the Inflammatory Response to Perforated Polyimide Cortical Implants: Mechanisms Underlying Deterioration of Electrophysiological Recording Quality. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:926. [PMID: 32982683 PMCID: PMC7489236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of field potential (FP) recording quality and yield by in vivo multielectrode arrays (MEA) within days to weeks of implantation severely limits progress in basic and applied brain research. The prevailing hypothesis is that implantation of MEA platforms initiate and perpetuate inflammatory processes which culminate in the formation of scar tissue (the foreign body response, FBR) around the implant. The FBR leads to progressive degradation of the recording qualities by displacing neurons away from the electrode surfaces, increasing the resistance between neurons (current source) and the sensing pads and by reducing the neurons’ excitable membrane properties and functional synaptic connectivity through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meticulous attempts to causally relate the cellular composition, cell density, and electrical properties of the FBR have failed to unequivocally correlate the deterioration of recording quality with the histological severity of the FBR. Based on confocal and electron microscope analysis of thin sections of polyimide based MEA implants along with the surrounding brain tissue at different points in time after implantation, we propose that abrupt FP amplitude attenuation occurs at the implant/brain-parenchyma junction as a result of high seal resistance insulation formed by adhering microglia to the implant surfaces. In contrast to the prevailing hypothesis, that FP decrease occurs across the encapsulating scar of the implanted MEA, this mechanism potentially explains why no correlations have been found between the dimensions and density of the FBR and the recording quality. Recognizing that the seal resistance formed by adhering-microglia to the implant constitutes a downstream element undermining extracellular FP recordings, suggests that approaches to mitigate the formation of the insulating glial could lead to improved recording quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ho Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Shmoel
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maciej M Jankowski
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Erez
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Sharon
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wesal Abu-Salah
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Nelken
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aryeh Weiss
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Micha E Spira
- Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Charles E. Smith Family and Prof. Joel Elkes Laboratory for Collaborative Research in Psychobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Oike A, Nakamura Y, Yasumasu S, Ito E, Nakamura M. A threshold dosage of estrogen for male-to-female sex reversal in the Glandirana rugosa frog. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2020; 333:652-659. [PMID: 32851801 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play very important roles in gonadal differentiation in many vertebrate species. Previously, we have determined a threshold dosage of testosterone (T) to induce female-to-male sex reversal in Glandirana rugosa frogs. Genetic females formed a mixture of testis and ovary, the so-called ovotestis, when tadpoles of G. rugosa were reared in water containing the dosage of T, which enabled us to detect primary changes in the histology of the masculinizing gonads. In this study, we determined a threshold dosage of estradiol-17β (E2) to cause male-to-female sex reversal in this frog. We observed first signs of histological changes in the ovotestes, when tadpoles were reared in water containing the dosage of E2. Ovotestes were significantly larger than wild-type testes in size. By E2 treatment, male germ cells degenerated in the feminizing testis leading to their final disappearance. In parallel, oocytes appeared in the medulla of the ovotestis and later in the cortex as well. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of sex-related genes involved in testis formation was significantly decreased in the ovotestis. In addition, immuno-positive signals of CYP17 that is involved in testis differentiation in this frog disappeared in the medulla first and then in the cortex. These results suggested that oocytes expanded in the feminizing gonad (ovary) contemporaneously with male germ cell disappearance. Primary changes in the histology of the gonads during male-to-female sex reversal occurred in the medulla and later in the cortex. This direction was opposite to that observed during female-to-male sex reversal in the G. rugosa frog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oike
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nakamura
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Kumaraswami K, Salei N, Beck S, Rambichler S, Kluever AK, Lasch M, Richter L, Schraml BU, Deindl E. A Simple and Effective Flow Cytometry-Based Method for Identification and Quantification of Tissue Infiltrated Leukocyte Subpopulations in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103593. [PMID: 32438752 PMCID: PMC7279164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriogenesis, the growth of a natural bypass from pre-existing arteriolar collaterals, is an endogenous mechanism to compensate for the loss of an artery. Mechanistically, this process relies on a locally and temporally restricted perivascular infiltration of leukocyte subpopulations, which mediate arteriogenesis by supplying growth factors and cytokines. Currently, the state-of-the-art method to identify and quantify these leukocyte subpopulations in mouse models is immunohistology. However, this is a time consuming procedure. Here, we aimed to develop an optimized protocol to identify and quantify leukocyte subpopulations by means of flow cytometry in adductor muscles containing growing collateral arteries. For that purpose, adductor muscles of murine hindlimbs were isolated at day one and three after induction of arteriogenesis, enzymatically digested, and infiltrated leukocyte subpopulations were identified and quantified by flow cytometry, as exemplary shown for neutrophils and macrophages (defined as CD45+/CD11b+/Ly6G+ and CD45+/CD11b+/F4/80+ cells, respectively). In summary, we show that flow cytometry is a suitable method to identify and quantify leukocyte subpopulations in muscle tissue, and provide a detailed protocol. Flow cytometry constitutes a timesaving tool compared to histology, which might be used in addition for precise localization of leukocytes in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konda Kumaraswami
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Natallia Salei
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan Rambichler
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristina Kluever
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Richter
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Centre, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Barbara U. Schraml
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.B.); (S.R.); (A.-K.K.); (M.L.); (B.U.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-76504
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17
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Amirkavei M, Pitkänen M, Kaikkonen O, Kaarniranta K, André H, Koskelainen A. Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Mouse RPE as an In Vivo Model of Transpupillary Thermal Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2063. [PMID: 32192227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of heat shock response in the macula has been proposed as a useful therapeutic strategy for retinal neurodegenerative diseases by promoting proteostasis and enhancing protective chaperone mechanisms. We applied transpupillary 1064 nm long-duration laser heating to the mouse (C57Bl/6J) fundus to examine the heat shock response in vivo. The intensity and spatial distribution of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression along with the concomitant probability for damage were measured 24 h after laser irradiation in the mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a function of laser power. Our results show that the range of heating powers for producing heat shock response while avoiding damage in the mouse RPE is narrow. At powers of 64 and 70 mW, HSP70 immunostaining indicates 90 and 100% probability for clearly elevated HSP expression while the corresponding probability for damage is 20 and 33%, respectively. Tunel staining identified the apoptotic regions, and the estimated 50% damaging threshold probability for the heating (ED50) was ~72 mW. The staining with Bestrophin1 (BEST1) demonstrated RPE cell atrophy with the most intense powers. Consequently, fundus heating with a long-duration laser provides an approachable method to develop heat shock-based therapies for the RPE of retinal disease model mice.
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18
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Shinohara M, Shin T, Daa T, Mimata H. GATA-3 expression in primary pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:76-78. [PMID: 32743476 PMCID: PMC7292125 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder is extremely rare and should be distinguished from urothelial carcinoma. GATA-3 is a zinc finger transcription factor and a known sensitive immunostaining marker for urothelial carcinoma. However, its accuracy in the detection of urothelial carcinoma is moderate and it is also an important factor in trophoblast differentiation. CASE PRESENTATION A 78-year-old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria for 6 months. Cystoscopy and clinical imaging revealed local bladder carcinoma. He underwent a radical cystectomy and histological diagnosis revealed pure choriocarcinoma (pT2aN0M0) with positive immunostaining, indicating GATA-3 was present. Systemic chemotherapy could not be applied due to his poor general condition, and he died 7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION We reported the first case of pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder, which showed positive immunostaining results indicating the presence of GATA-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Shinohara
- Department ofUrologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department ofUrologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department ofPathologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department ofUrologyOita University Faculty of MedicineYufuOitaJapan
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19
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Schmitt CM, Schlegel KA, Gammel L, Moest T. Gingiva thickening with a porcine collagen matrix in a preclinical dog model: Histological outcomes. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1273-1281. [PMID: 31517397 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare 10-month histological and immunohistological outcomes after soft tissue thickening around teeth with a porcine collagen matrix (CM) versus a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). MATERIAL AND METHODS In eight beagle dogs, soft tissue thickening of the buccal gingiva of upper canines was performed with the SCTG or the CM. Connective tissue thickness (CTT) was histomorphometrically measured in the augmented regions. The augmented connective tissues were also histologically characterized and the collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions immunohistologically quantified. RESULTS CTT significantly differed between groups (SCTG: 1.32 mm ± 0.44 mm; CM: 1.06 mm ± 0.27 mm; p = .008). Descriptive histological analyses revealed mature connective tissue that did not differ between groups. Immunohistological quantification of collagen I and VEGF expressions in the connective tissue also revealed no significant inter-group differences (collagen I: SCTG, 32.64% ± 7.09% vs. CM, 30.57% ± 7.83%; VEGF: SCTG, 39.06% ± 7.27% vs. CM, 37.15% ± 9.80%). CONCLUSION SCTG is superior to CM with regard to CTT in this experimental model. The CM and the SCTG lead to comparable connective tissue quality ten months after connective tissue thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Schmitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Private Practice Prof. Schlegel and Colleagues, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Private Practice Prof. Schlegel and Colleagues, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Gammel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Steentoft C, Yang Z, Wang S, Ju T, Vester-Christensen MB, Festari MF, King SL, Moremen K, Larsen ISB, Goth CK, Schjoldager KT, Hansen L, Bennett EP, Mandel U, Narimatsu Y. A validated collection of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human glycosyltransferases functioning in mucin-type O-glycosylation. Glycobiology 2019; 29:645-656. [PMID: 31172184 PMCID: PMC6704369 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates serve a wide range of biological functions in cells and tissues, and their biosynthesis involves more than 200 distinct glycosyltransferases (GTfs) in human cells. The kinetic properties, cellular expression patterns and subcellular topology of the GTfs direct the glycosylation capacity of a cell. Most GTfs are ER or Golgi resident enzymes, and their specific subcellular localization is believed to be distributed in the secretory pathway according to their sequential role in the glycosylation process, although detailed knowledge for individual enzymes is still highly fragmented. Progress in quantitative transcriptome and proteome analyses has greatly advanced our understanding of the cellular expression of this class of enzymes, but availability of appropriate antibodies for in situ monitoring of expression and subcellular topology have generally been limited. We have previously used catalytically active GTfs produced as recombinant truncated secreted proteins in insect cells for generation of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to human enzymes primarily involved in mucin-type O-glycosylation. These mAbs can be used to probe subcellular topology of active GTfs in cells and tissues as well as their presence in body fluids. Here, we present several new mAbs to human GTfs and provide a summary of our entire collection of mAbs, available to the community. Moreover, we present validation of specificity for many of our mAbs using human cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9 or zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) knockout and knockin of relevant GTfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Steentoft
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Malene B Vester-Christensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Mammalian Expression, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - María F Festari
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Sarah L King
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kelley Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, B122 Life Sciences Bldg., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ida S B Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Maisch B. Cardio-Immunology of Myocarditis: Focus on Immune Mechanisms and Treatment Options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:48. [PMID: 31032264 PMCID: PMC6473396 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy are syndromes, not aetiological disease entities. From animal models of cardiac inflammation we have detailed insight of the strain specific immune reactions based on the genetic background of the animal and the infectiosity of the virus. Innate and adaptive immunity also react in man. An aetiological diagnosis of a viral vs. a non-viral cause is possible by endomyocardial biopsy with histology, immunohistology and PCR for microbial agents. This review deals with the different etiologies of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy on the basis of the genetic background and the predisposition for inflammation. It analyses the epidemiologic shift in cardiotropic viral agents in the last 30 years. Based on the understanding of the interaction between infection and the players of the innate and adaptive immune system it summarizes pathogenetic phases and clinical faces of myocarditis. It gives an up-to-date information on specific treatment options beyond symptomatic heart failure and antiarrhythmic therapy. Although inflammation can resolve spontaneously, specific treatment directed to the causative etiology is often required. For fulminant, acute, and chronic autoreactive myocarditis without viral persistence immunosuppressive treatment can be life-saving, for viral inflammatory cardiomyopathy ivIg treatment can resolve inflammation and often eradicate the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Maisch
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heart and Vessel Center, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Listrat A, Gagaoua M, Picard B. Study of the Chronology of Expression of Ten Extracellular Matrix Molecules during the Myogenesis in Cattle to Better Understand Sensory Properties of Meat. Foods 2019; 8:E97. [PMID: 30871212 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory properties of beef are known to depend on muscle fiber and intramuscular connective tissue composition (IMCT). IMCT is composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The differentiation of muscle fibers has been extensively studied but there is scarcity in the data concerning IMCT differentiation. In order to be able to control muscle differentiation to improve beef quality, it is essential to understand the ontogenesis of IMCT molecules. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the chronology of appearance of 10 IMCT molecules in bovine Semitendinosus muscle using immunohistology technique at five key stages of myogenesis. Since 60 days post-conception (dpc), the whole molecules were present, but did not have their final location. It seems that they reach it at around 210 dpc. Then, the findings emphasized that since 210 dpc, the stage at which the differentiation of muscle fibers is almost complete, the differentiation of IMCT is almost completed. These data suggested that for the best controlling of the muscular differentiation to improve beef sensory quality, it would be necessary to intervene very early (before the IMCT constituents have acquired their definitive localization and the muscle fibers have finished differentiating), i.e., at the beginning of the first third of gestation.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Primary poorly differentiated lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma in the orbital region is an extremely rare type of neoplasm with only 1 related case in the literature. Its high grade of malignancy makes the timely data reported necessary. Hence, we present an extremely rare disease with biopsy results and recommendations on clinical treatment in an elderly male with Chinese descent. PATIENT CONCERNS A 66-year-old Chinese man presented with swelling in the left ocular region and eyeball proptosis. On physical examination, the patient had redness, tenderness, and swelling of the left eye. A surgical incision was noted on the left orbital region. Left eye movements were restricted. DIAGNOSES Immunohistochemical examination revealed pan-cytokeratin (PCK, +), p63 (partial, +), cytokeratin 7 (CK7, +), cytokeratin 14 (CK14, +), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA, +), protein expressed by erythroblast transformation-specific related gene (ERG, -), S-100 (, -), Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER, -), smooth muscle actin (SMA, -), and Ki-67 (with a proliferation index approximately 40%). After carefully reviewed the manifestations, imaging findings, and immunohistochemical evidences, a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland was made. INTERVENTION Based on the gene sequencing results, we started the patient with an intensive PF chemotherapy including a combination of cisplatine, fluorouracil, and epirubicin. Two months later, radiotherapy was introduced to the therapy regimen. OUTCOMES The patient responded well to the treatment without severe adverse events. MRI scan showed remarkable remission. LESSONS This rare case report will help raise the awareness of high grade lacrimal gland cancer, and subsequently aid the diagnosis in future cases. Positive immunohistochemical markers of CK7, CK14, EMA, p63, and high proliferation index of Ki-67 can help establishing a diagnosis, and cisplatine-fluorouracil program is proved feasible. We share the difficulties we have encountered, hoping to improve patient care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
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24
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Pang JJ, Yang Z, Jacoby RA, Wu SM. Cone synapses in mammalian retinal rod bipolar cells. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1896-1909. [PMID: 29667170 PMCID: PMC6031453 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some mammalian rod bipolar cells (RBCs) can receive excitatory chemical synaptic inputs from both rods and cones (DBCR2 ), but anatomical evidence for mammalian cone-RBC contacts has been sparse. We examined anatomical cone-RBC contacts using neurobiotin (NB) to visualize individual mouse cones and standard immuno-markers to identify RBCs, cone pedicles and synapses in mouse and baboon retinas. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) stained the basal membrane of all cone pedicles, and mouse cones were positive for red/green (R/G)-opsin, whereas baboon cones were positive for calbindin D-28k. All synapses in the outer plexiform layer were labeled for synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) and PSD (postsynaptic density)-95, and those that coincided with PNA resided closest to bipolar cell somas. Cone-RBC synaptic contacts were identified by: (a) RBC dendrites deeply invaginating into the center of cone pedicles (invaginating synapses), (b) RBC dendritic spines intruding into the surface of cone pedicles (superficial synapses), and (c) PKCα immunoreactivity coinciding with synaptic marker SV2, PSD-95, mGluR6, G protein beta 5 or PNA at cone pedicles. One RBC could form 0-1 invaginating and 1-3 superficial contacts with cones. 20.7% and 38.9% of mouse RBCs contacted cones in the peripheral and central retina (p < .05, n = 14 samples), respectively, while 34.4% (peripheral) and 48.5% (central) of cones contacted RBCs (p > .05). In baboon retinas (n = 4 samples), cone-RBC contacts involved 12.2% of RBCs (n = 416 cells) and 22.5% of cones (n = 225 cells). This suggests that rod and cone signals in the ON pathway are integrated in some RBCs before reaching AII amacrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jie Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Roy A Jacoby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Samuel M Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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Kriegsmann M, Harms A, Longuespée R, Muley T, Winter H, Kriegsmann K, Kazdal D, Goeppert B, Pathil A, Warth A. Role of conventional immunomarkers, HNF4-α and SATB2, in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Histopathology 2018; 72:997-1006. [PMID: 29243296 DOI: 10.1111/his.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary (ADC) and colorectal (CRC) adenocarcinomas are frequent entities in pathological routine diagnostics. Whereas the differential diagnosis is usually straightforward based on histomorphology, it can be challenging in small biopsies. In general, CDX-2, CK20, Napsin-A and TTF-1 are recommended immunohistological markers in this scenario. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4-α) and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) were described recently as promising additional markers, but comprehensive large-scale data are lacking so far. Therefore, we analysed the expression of these six markers in 1021 non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC), including 472 ADC as well as in 80 pulmonary metastases of CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue microarrays of NSCLC and pulmonary metastases of CRC were stained for CDX-2, CK20, HNF4-α, Napsin-A, SATB2 and TTF-1 and staining results were correlated with clinicopathological variables. ADC exhibited expression of CDX-2, CK20, HNF4-α, Napsin-A, SATB2 and TTF-1 in nine (2%), 21 (4%), 17 (4%), 345 (73%), 35 (7%) and 408 (86%) samples, while 80 CRC were positive in 79 (99%), 74 (93%), 77 (96%), no (0%), 78 (98%) and five (6%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In addition to conventional immunomarkers, HNF4-α and particularly SATB2 may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary ADC and metastases of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Harms
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Pathil
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kodama M, Yoshida M, Endo M, Kobayashi T, Oike A, Yasumasu S, Nakamura M. Nanos3 of the frog Rana rugosa: Molecular cloning and characterization. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:112-120. [PMID: 29405266 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanos is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and also the germ cells of a variety of organisms as diverse as Drosophila, medaka fish, Xenopus and mouse. In Nanos3-deficient mice, PGCs fail to incorporate into the gonad and the size of the testis and ovary is thereby dramatically reduced. To elucidate the role of Nanos in an amphibian species, we cloned Nanos3 cDNA from the testis of the R. rugosa frog. RT-PCR analysis showed strong expression of Nanos3 mRNA in the testis of adult R. rugosa frogs, but expression was not sexually dimorphic during gonadal differentiation. In Nanos3-knockdown tadpoles produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the number of germ cells decreased dramatically in the gonads of both male and female tadpoles before sex determination and thereafter. This was confirmed by three dimensional imaging of wild-type and Nanos3 knockdown gonads using serial sections immunostained for Vasa, a marker specific to germ cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Nanos3 protein function is conserved between R. rugosa and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Kodama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Yoshida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Endo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Oike
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakamura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Wollina U, Schönlebe J, Tchernev G, Gianfaldoni S, Lotti T. Cutaneous Angioleiomyoma - A Rare Cause of Posterior Heel Pain: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:436-438. [PMID: 28785326 PMCID: PMC5535651 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heel pain is a common presentation in outpatient clinics. Here, we report a 69-year-old woman who complaint about a painful nodule on her left posterior heel. There was no history of trauma. The lesion developed during ten weeks without any bleeding or ulceration. On examination, we observed a subcutaneous firm nodule of about 1 cm in diameter. The lesion was hypoechoic in diagnostic sonography suggesting a fibromatous tumour, which was removed surgically. Histologic investigations confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous angioleiomyoma. The occurrence of this benign tumour on the heel is quite uncommon but obvious a possible cause for heel pain. During follow-up, no recurrence was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schönlebe
- Institute of Pathology "Georg Schmorl", Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgi Tchernev
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, and Onkoderma Policlinic for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
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28
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Abstract
AIM to investigate the characteristics of cytotrophoblast invasion in complete placenta previa and increta. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three groups of placentas and amputated uteri were examined. These were: 1) 10 placentas at 20-22 weeks' gestation after drug-induced abortion; 2) 4 uteri with typical placentation at 34-36 weeks and wall ruptures; 3) 12 uteri with ultrasound-confirmed complete placenta previa and subsequent hysterectomy (at 34-36 weeks.) due to massive bleeding. In all cases, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan by the Mallory's method; immunovisualization of invasive cells with the marker cytokeratin 8 was also used. In Groups 2 and 3, the uterine distribution density of invasive cells was compared in a standard slice area (×200) separately, within the endometrium and myometrium. RESULTS Complete placenta previa was found to have the following characteristics: 1) all the uteri exhibited focal or diffuse friable, or thick scars after cesarean section; 2) multiple active anchor villi with villous cytotrophoblast layers, which were characteristic of Group 1 placentas and absent in the uteri women of Group 2; 3) bays diagnosed in the basal endometrium with ingrown villi (placenta increta); 4) a morphometrically significant increase in the distribution density of interstitial cytotrophoblast in the endometrium and only a similar trend in the myometrium. Invasive cells did not penetrate into the area of scars. Failure of the second wave of cytotrophoblast invasion was confirmed by incomplete gestational restructuring and partial obliteration of the myometrial radial arteries. CONCLUSION Real risks for severe clinical forms of abnormal placentation declare more stringent indications for surgical delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Milovanov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Bushtarev
- Perinatal Center of the Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - T V Fokina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Leroy HA, Vermandel M, Vignion-Dewalle AS, Leroux B, Maurage CA, Duhamel A, Mordon S, Reyns N. Interstitial photodynamic therapy and glioblastoma: Light fractionation in a preclinical model. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:506-515. [PMID: 28012197 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a high-grade cerebral tumor with local recurrence and poor outcome. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a localized treatment based on the light activation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen, which results in the formation of cytotoxic species. The delivery of fractionated light may enhance treatment efficacy by reoxygenating tissues. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of two light-fractionation schemes using immunohistological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human U87 cells were grafted into the right putamen of 39 nude rats. After PS precursor intake (5-ALA), an optic fiber was introduced into the tumor. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: without light, with light split into 2 fractions and with light split into 5 fractions. Treatment effects were assessed using brain immunohistology. RESULTS Fractionated treatments induced intratumoral necrosis (P < 0.001) and peritumoral edema (P = 0.009) associated with a macrophagic infiltration (P = 0.006). The ratio of apoptotic cells was higher in the 5-fraction group than in either the sham (P = 0.024) or 2-fraction group (P = 0.01). Peripheral vascularization increased after treatment (P = 0.017), and these likely new vessels were more frequently observed in the 5-fraction group (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION Interstitial PDT with fractionated light resulted in specific tumoral lesions. The 5-fraction scheme induced more apoptosis but led to greater peripheral neovascularization. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:506-515, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Arthur Leroy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Vignion-Dewalle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Leroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Alain Duhamel
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Lille, EA2694, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Serge Mordon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, F-59000, Lille, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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30
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Mao S, Xiong G, Zhang L, Dong H, Liu B, Cohen NA, Cohen AS. Verification of the Cross Immunoreactivity of A60, a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody against Neuronal Nuclear Protein. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:54. [PMID: 27242450 PMCID: PMC4865646 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A60, the mouse monoclonal antibody against the neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), is the most widely used neuronal marker in neuroscience research and neuropathological assays. Previous studies identified fragments of A60-immunoprecipitated protein as Synapsin I (Syn I), suggesting the antibody will demonstrate cross immunoreactivity. However, the likelihood of cross reactivity has never been verified by immunohistochemical techniques. Using our established tissue processing and immunofluorescent staining protocols, we found that A60 consistently labeled mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal area CA3. These A60-positive mossy fiber terminals could also be labeled by Syn I antibody. After treating brain slices with saponin in order to better preserve various membrane and/or vesicular proteins for immunostaining, we observed that A60 could also label additional synapses in various brain areas. Therefore, we used A60 together with a rabbit monoclonal NeuN antibody to confirm the existence of this cross reactivity. We showed that the putative band positive for A60 and Syn I could not be detected by the rabbit anti-NeuN in Western blotting. As efficient as Millipore A60 to recognize neuronal nuclei, the rabbit NeuN antibody demonstrated no labeling of synaptic structures in immunofluorescent staining. The present study successfully verified the cross reactivity present in immunohistochemistry, cautioning that A60 may not be the ideal biomarker to verify neuronal identity due to its cross immunoreactivity. In contrast, the rabbit monoclonal NeuN antibody used in this study may be a better candidate to substitute for A60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Mao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennslyvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennslyvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of PennslyvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of PennslyvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of PennslyvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennslyvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Kaiser SM, Thiel C, Kramer M, Raddatz BB, Failing K, Alldinger S. Immunohistochemical localisation and effect of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors on canine spontaneous periodontitis. Vet Rec 2015; 177:201. [PMID: 26260063 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is commonly observed in dogs. In human medicine, it is well documented that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the destruction of the periodontium. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the impact of MMPs and their inhibitors, the TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), on canine periodontitis. The oral cavities of 57 dogs were examined clinically and radiologically. Gingival biopsies were obtained from the examined dogs and histologically analysed via haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Immunohistological detection of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was performed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. All sections were evaluated by light microscopy. Statistically significant positive correlations were detected between the histologically verified degree of inflammation and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as between changes in collagen fibre content and the occurrence of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Concerning TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, non-significant, generally negative correlations were observed. In summary, in canine periodontitis, an increased expression of the above mentioned MMPs and a tendentially decreased expression of TIMPs are present. In conclusion, in canine periodontitis, a MMP-TIMP imbalance is suggestive of contributing to the destruction of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kaiser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - C Thiel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - M Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - B B Raddatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - K Failing
- Department for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Veterinary Division, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 95, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - S Alldinger
- German Veterinary Medical Society, Friedrichstraße 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Shen W, Karumbaiah L, Liu X, Saxena T, Chen S, Patkar R, Bellamkonda RV, Allen MG. Extracellular matrix-based intracortical microelectrodes: Toward a microfabricated neural interface based on natural materials. Microsyst Nanoeng 2015; 1:15010. [PMID: 30498620 PMCID: PMC6258041 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based implantable neural electrodes (NEs) were achieved using a microfabrication strategy on natural-substrate-based organic materials. The ECM-based design minimized the introduction of non-natural products into the brain. Further, it rendered the implants sufficiently rigid for penetration into the target brain region and allowed them subsequently to soften to match the elastic modulus of brain tissue upon exposure to physiological conditions, thereby reducing inflammatory strain fields in the tissue. Preliminary studies suggested that ECM-NEs produce a reduced inflammatory response compared with inorganic rigid and flexible approaches. In vivo intracortical recordings from the rat motor cortex illustrate one mode of use for these ECM-NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shuodan Chen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Radhika Patkar
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ravi V. Bellamkonda
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Krishna P. Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Schüürmann M, Wetzig T, Wickenhauser C, Ziepert M, Kreuz M, Ziemer M. Histopathology of rhinophyma - a clinical-histopathologic correlation. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:527-35. [PMID: 25950712 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas early rhinophyma is histopathologically thought to resemble fully developed rosacea, a fibromatous variant has previously been described for severe rhinophyma. In terms of clinical characteristics, recently a new Rhinophyma Severity Index (RHISI) was introduced. METHODS We studied 24 patients who had been treated with wide shave excisions for rhinophyma. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff reaction and a panel of immunohistochemical stains and observed for any correlation between clinical severity and histopathologic features as well as for predictive markers of clinical recurrence. RESULTS There were no significant histopathologic differences between the groups reflecting the different clinical expressions. From a histopathologic perspective, clinically severe forms did not show with exclusive fibrotic changes. Further, there was no histopathologic marker predicting the clinical course or possible recurrence of the disease after surgical treatment. Only the clinical pre-operative RHISI score correlated with the postoperative outcome, with a high pre-operative RHISI being a risk factor for recurrence. CONCLUSION Histopathologic features do not correlate with the clinical expression of rhinophyma. An exclusively 'fibrotic' rhinophyma form does not appear to exist and could possibly be the result of sampling error based on small biopsies studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Schüürmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tino Wetzig
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatosurgery and Allergology, Asklepios Klinik Weißenfels, Weißenfels, Germany
| | | | - Marita Ziepert
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Steiniger BS, Wilhelmi V, Seiler A, Lampp K, Stachniss V. Heterogeneity of stromal cells in the human splenic white pulp. Fibroblastic reticulum cells, follicular dendritic cells and a third superficial stromal cell type. Immunology 2014; 143:462-77. [PMID: 24890772 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
At least three phenotypically and morphologically distinguishable types of branched stromal cells are revealed in the human splenic white pulp by subtractive immunohistological double-staining. CD271 is expressed in fibroblastic reticulum cells of T-cell zones and in follicular dendritic cells of follicles. In addition, there is a third CD2711- and CD271+/) stromal cell population surrounding T-cell zones and follicles. At the surface of follicles the third population consists of individually variable partially overlapping shells of stromal cells exhibiting CD90 (Thy-1), MAdCAM-1, CD105 (endoglin), CD141 (thrombomodulin) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) with expression of CD90 characterizing the broadest shell and SMA the smallest. In addition, CXCL12, CXCL13 and CCL21 are also present in third-population stromal cells and/or along fibres. Not only CD27+ and switched B lymphocytes, but also scattered IgD++ B lymphocytes and variable numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes often occur close to the third stromal cell population or one of its subpopulations at the surface of the follicles. In contrast to human lymph nodes, neither podoplanin nor RANKL (CD254) were detected in adult human splenic white pulp stromal cells. The superficial stromal cells of the human splenic white pulp belong to a widespread cell type, which is also found at the surface of red pulp arterioles surrounded by a mixed T-cell/B-cell population. Superficial white pulp stromal cells differ from fibroblastic reticulum cells and follicular dendritic cells not only in humans, but apparently also in mice and perhaps in rats. However, the phenotype of white pulp stromal cells is species-specific and more heterogeneous than described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte S Steiniger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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35
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Xie S, Yang H, Bredell M, Shen S, Yang H, Jin L, Zhang S. Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:371-374. [PMID: 25435994 PMCID: PMC4246609 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive parotid malignancy that most commonly affects males in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Histopathology specimens obtained from SDC patients demonstrate a resemblance to ductal carcinoma of the breast. Therefore, to distinguish SDC from breast ductal carcinoma, several immunohistochemical markers exist that may enable surgeons to make an accurate diagnosis. In this study, the case of a 54-year-old male with salivary duct carcinoma of the right parotid gland is presented. The results of the present case study revealed that the SDC sample was positive for the expression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (Her-2), cytokeratin (CK) 8/CK 18, p63, high molecular weight CK and calponin, and negative for expression of the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Based on the result, an ipsilateral selective neck dissection followed by adjuvant post-operative radiation therapy was suitable at the primary treatment stage. At one year of follow-up, the patient was alive and free of recurrence. In advanced cases of SDC, treatment with anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shule Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China ; Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Marius Bredell
- Department of Cranio-maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Shiyue Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China ; Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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Tarulli GA, Stanton PG, Loveland KL, Rajpert-De Meyts E, McLachlan RI, Meachem SJ. A survey of Sertoli cell differentiation in men after gonadotropin suppression and in testicular cancer. Spermatogenesis 2014; 3:e24014. [PMID: 23687617 PMCID: PMC3644048 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely held that the somatic cell population that is responsible for sperm development and output (Sertoli cells) is terminally differentiated and unmodifiable in adults. It is postulated, with little evidence, that Sertoli cells are not terminally differentiated in some phenotypes of infertility and testicular cancer. This study sought to compare markers of Sertoli cell differentiation in normospermic men, oligospermic men (undergoing gonadotropin suppression) and testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) and seminoma samples. Confocal microscopy was used to assess the expression of markers of proliferation (PCNA and Ki67) and functional differentiation (androgen receptor). As additional markers of differentiation, the organization of Sertoli cell tight junction and associated proteins were assessed in specimens with carcinoma in situ. In normal men, Sertoli cells exhibited a differentiated phenotype (i.e., PCNA and Ki67 negative, androgen 40 receptor positive). However, after long-term gonadotropin suppression, 1.7 ± 0.6% of Sertoli cells exhibited PCNA reactivity associated with a diminished immunoreactivity in androgen receptor, suggesting an undifferentiated phenotype. Ki67-positive Sertoli cells were also observed. PCNA-positive Sertoli cells were never observed in tubules with carcinoma in situ, and only rarely observed adjacent to seminoma. Tight junction protein localization (claudin 11, JAM-A and ZO-1) was altered in CIS, with a reduction in JAM-A reactivity in Sertoli cells from tubules with CIS and the emergence of strong JAM-A reactivity in seminoma. These findings indicate that adult human Sertoli cells exhibit characteristics of an undifferentiated state in oligospermic men and patients with CIS and seminoma in the presence of germ cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Tarulli
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton; Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology; Monash University; Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton; Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Victoria, Australia; Monash Institute of Medical Research; Monash University; Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth & Reproduction; University of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet); Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert I McLachlan
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton; Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Monash University; Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Meachem
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton; Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology; Monash University; Victoria, Australia
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Tokita K, Armstrong WE, St John SJ, Boughter JD. Activation of lateral hypothalamus-projecting parabrachial neurons by intraorally delivered gustatory stimuli. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:86. [PMID: 25120438 PMCID: PMC4114292 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated a subpopulation of neurons in the mouse parabrachial nucleus (PbN), a gustatory and visceral relay area in the brainstem, that project to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We made injections of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) into LH, resulting in fluorescent labeling of neurons located in different regions of the PbN. Mice were stimulated through an intraoral cannula with one of seven different taste stimuli, and PbN sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection of the immediate early gene c-Fos, which labels activated neurons. LH projection neurons were found in all PbN subnuclei, but in greater concentration in lateral subnuclei, including the dorsal lateral subnucleus (dl). Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was observed in the PbN in a stimulus-dependent pattern, with the greatest differentiation between intraoral stimulation with sweet (0.5 M sucrose) and bitter (0.003 M quinine) compounds. In particular, sweet and umami-tasting stimuli evoked robust FLI in cells in the dl, whereas quinine evoked almost no FLI in cells in this subnucleus. Double-labeled cells were also found in the greatest quantity in the dl. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the dl contains direct a projection to the LH that is activated preferentially by appetitive compounds; this projection may be mediated by taste and/or postingestive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tokita
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E Armstrong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - John D Boughter
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
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38
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Völker I, Kammeyer P, Hinzmann B, Lüerssen D, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P. [Peripheral keratinizing ameloblastoma in a dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. dom.)]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2014; 42:331-335. [PMID: 25323216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 3.5-year-old, male, neutered dwarf rabbit was presented with a history of a fast-growing gingival mass at the maxilla. The neoplasm was surgically completely excised. Histopathologically, an expansively growing, multilobulated, partially cystic, peripheral, keratinizing ameloblastoma was diagnosed. The immunohistochemical phenotyping of the tumour cells resulted in cytoplasmic labelling with various pan-cytokeratin antibodies. The cytokeratins 5/6, 7, 10 and 14 were expressed variably. Cytokeratin 20 was not detected. Vimentin was expressed in the cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells of the tumour stroma. In addition, in the nuclei of approximately 10% of the tumour cells the protein of the tumour suppressor gene p53 was expressed while in approximately 5% the proliferation marker Ki67 was expressed. Odontogenic tumours should be considered as a differential diagnosis of oral masses in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - P Wohlsein
- Dr. Peter Wohlsein, Institut für Pathologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, E-Mail:
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Ulrich R, Buck B, Distl O, Wohlsein P. [Congenital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head in a red and white German Holstein calf]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42:100-105. [PMID: 24737155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumours with skeletal-muscle differentiation are rare in companion animals. They are differentiated into benign rhabdomyomas and malignant rhabdomyosarcomas. A female German Holstein calf displayed a congenital, spherical, subcutaneous mass at the lateral side of the head. Histology revealed an encapsulated, expansile, highly cellular mass consisting of a reticular meshwork of moderately pleomorphic, small spindle-shaped to round cells within a fibrovascular to myxoid stroma as well as multifocal, large, blunt, multinucleated myotube-like cells (strap cells). Electron microscopy demonstrated characteristic cytoplasmic bundles of myofilaments and Z-stripes within the strap cells. Immunoreactivity for vimentin was observed in the small spindle-shaped cells and for desmin in the strap cells. The results are consistent with the spectrum of findings characteristic for a bovine congenital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ulrich
- Dr. med. vet. Reiner Ulrich, Ph.D., Institut für Pathologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, E-Mail:
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Platt V, Lee DY, Canaria C, Frankel K, Bernstein S, McMurray C. Towards understanding region-specificity of triplet repeat diseases: coupled immunohistology and mass spectrometry imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1010:213-30. [PMID: 23754228 PMCID: PMC7191641 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-411-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many trinucleotide repeat disorders exhibit region-specific toxicity within tissues, the basis of which cannot be explained by traditional methods. For example, in Huntington's Disease (HD), the toxic disease-causing protein is ubiquitously expressed. However, only the medium spiny neurons in the striatum are initially targeted for death. Many changes are likely to initiate in these cells at an intracellular and microstructural level long before there is a measureable phenotype, but why some regions of the brain are more susceptible to death is unknown. This chapter describes a method to detect functional changes among brain regions and cell types, and link them directly with region-specific physiology. Due to the neurodegeneration that accompanies many triplet repeat disorders, we focus on the brain, although the methods described in this chapter can be translated to other tissue types. We integrate immunohistology and traditional mass spectrometry with a novel mass spectrometry imaging technique, called nanostructure initiated mass spectrometry (NIMS). When used together, these tools offer unique insights into region-specific physiology of the brain, and a basis for understanding the region-specific toxicity associated with triplet repeat disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Platt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Christie Canaria
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ken Frankel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Susan Bernstein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Cynthia McMurray
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St., Rochester, MN 55905,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First St., Rochester, MN 55905,Corresponding authors.
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Terada T. Squamous cell carcinoma originated from an epidermal cyst. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012; 5:479-481. [PMID: 22808304 PMCID: PMC3396060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal cyst (EC) of the skin is a very common condition. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) very infrequently arises from EC. A 76-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital because of multiple papules in the nose and nasal cavity. The clinical diagnosis was sebaceous hyperplasia. An excisional biopsy was obtained from one papule. Histologically, the papule showed an EC. The EC communicated with the epidermis. Islands of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and infrequent pearl formation were recognized around and adjacent to EC. No connections were seen between the atypical cell islands and epidermis. The atypical cells had hyperchromatic nuclei and nucleoli. Mitotic figures and keratinous pearls were scattered. The HE diagnosis was probable SCC probably arising from EC. Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells were positive for pancytokeratin AE1/3, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, CK18, CK 34BE14, EMA, p53, Ki-67 (labeling 90%), and p63. They were negative for pancytokeratin CAM5.2, CK7, CK8, CK19, CK20, vimentin, S100 protein, HMB45, synaptophysin, and CD56. CD68 was positive in histiocytes and giant cells in the foreign body reaction. The EC showed the same immunoprofile as the SCC, except for negative p53 and low Ki-67 labeling in the EC. The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis was definite SCC arising from EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Terada
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Juuti-Uusitalo K, Mäki M, Kainulainen H, Isola J, Kaukinen K. Gluten affects epithelial differentiation-associated genes in small intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:294-305. [PMID: 17888028 PMCID: PMC2219351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In coeliac disease gluten induces an immunological reaction in genetically susceptible patients, and influences on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the small-bowel mucosa. Our aim was to find novel genes which operate similarly in epithelial proliferation and differentiation in an epithelial cell differentiation model and in coeliac disease patient small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples. The combination of cDNA microarray data originating from a three-dimensional T84 epithelial cell differentiation model and small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples from untreated and treated coeliac disease patients and healthy controls resulted in 30 genes whose mRNA expression was similarly affected. Nine of 30 were located directly or indirectly in the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway starting from the epithelial growth factor receptor. Removal of gluten from the diet resulted in a reversion in the expression of 29 of the 30 genes in the small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples. Further characterization by blotting and labelling revealed increased epidermal growth factor receptor and beta-catenin protein expression in the small-bowel mucosal epithelium in untreated coeliac disease patients compared to healthy controls and treated coeliac patients. We found 30 genes whose mRNA expression was affected similarly in the epithelial cell differentiation model and in the coeliac disease patient small-bowel mucosal biopsy samples. In particular, those genes involved in the epithelial growth factor-mediated signalling pathways may be involved in epithelial cell differentiation and coeliac disease pathogenesis. The epithelial cell differentiation model is a useful tool for studying gene expression changes in the crypt-villus axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Juuti-Uusitalo
- Paediatric Research Centre, Medical School and Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Soleimani B, Katopodis A, Wieczorek G, George AJT, Hornick PI, Heusser C. Smooth muscle cell proliferation but not neointimal formation is dependent on alloantibody in a murine model of intimal hyperplasia. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:509-17. [PMID: 17100772 PMCID: PMC1810418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplant coronary artery disease is the pre-eminent cause of late cardiac allograft failure. It is primarily characterized by a concentric intimal hyperplasia, which we designate transplant intimal hyperplasia (TIH). Although the pathogenesis of TIH is predominately immune driven, the specific role of alloantibodies in the disease process remains undefined. In this study we investigated the contribution of alloantibodies to the development of TIH in a murine model. Orthotopic, carotid artery transplantation was performed between B10A(2R) (H-2(h2)) donor mice and B-cell deficient muMT(-/-) knockout or wild-type C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) recipients in the absence of immunosuppression. Grafts were harvested at 35 days and subjected to planimetry and immunohistochemistry. Alloantibodies were detectable in wild-type recipients within 7 days of transplantation and recipients developed marked TIH at 35 days. Allografts harvested from B-cell deficient recipient mice also developed TIH, which was comparable in severity with wild-type recipients. However, whereas allografts from wild-type recipients showed marked intimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, the neointima in B-cell deficient recipients lacked SMCs. Post-transplantation administration of anti-donor serum to muMT(-/-) recipients restored neointimal SMC population but did not influence the severity of TIH. Significant neointimal formation occurs in the absence of alloantibodies but lacks a SMC component. Therefore, SMC migration and proliferation is antibody dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Soleimani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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François RJ, Neure L, Sieper J, Braun J. Immunohistological examination of open sacroiliac biopsies of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: detection of tumour necrosis factor alpha in two patients with early disease and transforming growth factor beta in three more advanced cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:713-20. [PMID: 16249231 PMCID: PMC1798185 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.037465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the immunohistological features of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at different disease stages. METHODS Biopsy samples from sacroiliac joints (SIJs) of five patients with AS, two with early, three with advanced changes and samples from age matched controls from one necropsy SIJ and two iliac bone marrow (BM) biopsies were studied. Paraffin sections were immunostained in triplicate for T cells (CD3, CD8), macrophages (CD68), and the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interferon gamma, interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL6, IL10, and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). Stained cells were counted over one entire high power field (x400) per section in BM, cartilage, and other connective tissue (CT). Results are the mean of three sections. RESULTS CD3+ T cells were numerous in the BM of early AS, and in the CT of one patient with early and one with late AS, with variable proportions of CD8+ T cells. All patients with AS had more CD68+ macrophages than controls in BM and CT; in cartilage, one patient with early and one with late AS had increased CD68+ cells, some being osteoclasts. The patient with very early AS had large numbers of TNFalpha cells in the three tissular areas; for the other patient with early disease they were found only in CT and cartilage. IL6 was seen in 4/4 patients with AS in most areas. Patients with early disease had more T cells, TNFalpha, and IL6, and patients with advanced AS more TGFbeta1. CONCLUSION The immunohistological findings of a limited sample suggest a role for BM in sacroiliitis, for TNFalpha and IL6 in early, active lesions, and for TGFbeta1 at the time of secondary cartilage and bone proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J François
- Arthritis Research Unit, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Singh B, Shinagawa K, Taube C, Gelfand EW, Pabst R. Strain-specific differences in perivascular inflammation in lungs in two murine models of allergic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 141:223-9. [PMID: 15996186 PMCID: PMC1809429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological data show perivascular recruitment of inflammatory cells in lung inflammation. However, the process of perivascular inflammation is yet-to-be characterized in any systematic manner at cell and molecular levels. Therefore, we investigated impact of genetic background on perivascular inflammation in acute or chronic airway inflammation in different strains of mice. Further, to address molecular mechanisms of perivascular inflammation, we examined immunohistochemical expression of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in chronic airway inflammation. Histological scoring revealed time and strain specific differences in perivascular recruitment of inflammatory cells in chronic and acute airway inflammation (P < 0.05). The data show that A/J strain is significantly more susceptible for perivascular inflammation followed by BALB/c and C57BL/6, while C3H/HeJ strain showed no perivascular accumulation of inflammatory cells. Of the two strains examined for perivascular inflammation in acute airway inflammation, BALB/c showed more accumulation of inflammatory cells compared to C57BL/c. VAP-1 expression occurred in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries but not in alveolar septa or airways in the control as well as challenged mice. In the inflamed lungs from A/J mice, the VAP-1 staining in pulmonary arteries was more intense compared to the other strains. VAP-1 staining was generally observed throughout the pulmonary arterial wall in chronic lung inflammation. These data show that periarterial inflammation is influenced by the genetic background, and may be partially regulated by VAP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Department Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Immunology Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Herrmann K, Niedobitek G. Lack of evidence for an association of Epstein-Barr virus infection with breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2003; 5:R13-7. [PMID: 12559053 PMCID: PMC154138 DOI: 10.1186/bcr561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2002] [Accepted: 11/01/2002] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human gamma-herpes virus infecting more than 90% of the population worldwide. EBV is associated with certain malignancies (e.g. Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Recent studies have raised the possibility that EBV may also be involved in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma, the most common carcinoma of females. If substantiated, this finding would have major implications regarding prevention and therapy of the disease. The studies published so far have employed diverse methods, however, and the results have been controversial. METHODS Using the EBV DNA PCR, EBV DNA in situ hybridisation and in situ hybridisation for the detection of the EBV-encoded RNAs, and using immunohistochemistry for the demonstration of the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1, we have studied a series of 59 invasive breast carcinomas for evidence of EBV infection. RESULTS EBV-encoded RNA-specific in situ hybridisation and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 immunohistochemistry were negative in all cases. Using the PCR, EBV DNA was detected in four out of 59 cases. These cases were further studied by EBV DNA in situ hybridisation, showing an absence of viral DNA from the tumour cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that breast carcinoma is not an EBV-associated tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Herrmann
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerald Niedobitek
- Institute for Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
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Baritaki S, Zafiropoulos A, Georgopoulou E, Souris S, Krambovitis E. Generation of human anti-MUC3 IgG antibodies after in vitro immunization of naive peripheral blood B-lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001; 50:109-14. [PMID: 11401025 PMCID: PMC11036841 DOI: 10.1007/pl00006681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that IgG antibodies can be generated to self-antigen peptides as well as against viral antigens by an antigen-specific in vitro immunization system of resting human peripheral B-lymphocytes. Using a synthetic peptide from the consensus variable tandem-repeat region of the MUC3 mucin (TSSITTTGTTSHSTPSP) as the B cell epitope, we immunized blood donor B-lymphocytes in vitro and tested for MUC3-specific antibodies by ELISA. After the primary activation step all antibodies were IgM. At the end of the secondary immunization step we obtained 1.8% (21/1138) of the cultures with IgG-switched antibodies. In a competitive inhibition ELISA using the MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4 and PIP2 peptides, only one culture (F8.1) gave satisfactory specific inhibition. Using this antibody in fluorometric studies, it stained cells from two colon carcinoma cell lines predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas those from a breast cancer cell line stained predominantly the cell surface. In a preliminary immunohistological evaluation with formalin-fixed sections, the antibody appeared to moderately stain colon sections, but not breast sections or lymph node. This method of in vitro immunization may be a useful tool in generating IgG antibodies specific to self-antigens and could find applications in tumour targeting and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Baritaki
- />Department of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, IMBB, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece e-mail: Tel.: +30-81-391020; Fax: +30-81-391101, , , , GR
| | - Alexandros Zafiropoulos
- />Department of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, IMBB, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece e-mail: Tel.: +30-81-391020; Fax: +30-81-391101, , , , GR
| | - Eustathia Georgopoulou
- />Department of Haematology and Histology, D.A.U. Penlelis Hospital, Athens, Greece, , , , GR
| | - Sotirios Souris
- />Department of Pathology, Apollonion General Hospital, Heraklion, Greece, , , , GR
| | - Elias Krambovitis
- />Department of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, IMBB, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece e-mail: Tel.: +30-81-391020; Fax: +30-81-391101, , , , GR
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Tagawa Y, Sawai H, Ueda Y, Tauchi M, Nakanishi S. Immunohistological studies of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6-deficient mice show no abnormality of retinal cell organization and ganglion cell maturation. J Neurosci 1999; 19:2568-79. [PMID: 10087070 PMCID: PMC6786083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) initially show a multistratified dendritic pattern, and, during the postnatal period, these dendrites gradually monostratify into ON and OFF sublaminae. The selective agonist of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP-4), hyperpolarizes ON bipolar cells and reduces glutamate release. On the basis of L-AP-4-evoked inhibitory effects on ON-OFF segregation of developing RGCs, it has been hypothesized that glutamate-mediated synaptic activity is crucial for formation of the ON-OFF network. Gene-targeted ablation of mGluR6 specifically expressed in ON bipolar cells blocks normal ON responses but has been predicted to enhance glutamate release from ON bipolar cells. The mGluR6 knock-out mouse therefore provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether glutamate release and ON responses are important factors in the development of ON-OFF segregation. The combination of several different morphological analyses indicates that ON bipolar cells, as well as several distinct amacrine cells, in mGluR6 knock-out mice are normally distributed and correctly extend their terminals to defined retinal laminae. Importantly, both alpha and delta RGCs in adult mGluR6 knock-out mice are found monostratified into cell type-specific layers. Furthermore, no difference between wild-type and mGluR6 knock-out mice is observed in the maturation and dendritic stratification of developing RGCs. Hence, despite a deficit in normal ON responses, mGluR6 deficiency causes no abnormality in the retinal cellular organization nor in the stratifications of both ON bipolar cells and developing and mature RGCs. Based on these findings, we discuss several possible mechanisms that may underlie ON-OFF segregation of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tagawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kipar A, Bellmann S, Kremendahl J, Köhler K, Reinacher M. Cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 65:243-57. [PMID: 9839877 PMCID: PMC7119884 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in FIP. Furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. Macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein L1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrophils were recognized due to their chloroacetate esterase activity, and B- and T-lymphocytes were identified by antibodies against the CD3 antigen and the CD45R antigen, respectively. Expression of viral antigen was immunohistologically demonstrated by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against coronavirus while coronavirus-specific antibodies in situ were identified by the application of feline coronavirus prior to the coronavirus antibody. Lesions were classified as diffuse alterations at serosal surfaces, granulomas with areas of necrosis, granulomas without extended necrosis, focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, and granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis. Diffuse alterations on serosal surfaces were represented either by activated mesothelial cells with single coronavirus antigen-bearing macrophages or by layers of precipitated exudate containing single to numerous granulomas with areas of necrosis. In liver and spleen, the exudate was often underlaid by a small band of subcapsular B-cells with an occasional plasma-cell producing coronavirus-specific antibodies. In other locations, a variably broad band of B-cells and plasma-cells, often infiltrating between underlying muscle fibers, separated the exudate from the unaltered tissue. Some of these plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In granulomas with areas of necrosis, the central necrosis was surrounded by macrophages usually expressing considerable amounts of viral antigen. Few B-cells and plasma-cells were found in the periphery. In granulomas without extended necrosis, the number of macrophages were lower. Only few macrophages expressing low amounts of viral antigen were present. B-cells and plasma-cells formed a broad rim. Few plasma-cells stained positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. In both types of granulomas, few neutrophils were found between macrophages. Few T-cells were seen scattered throughout the lesions. Focal and perivascular lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates were mainlyseen in omentum and leptomeninx. B-cells were the predominant cells; some plasma-cells were positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies. Viral antigen was not readily detected in these alterations. Granulomatous-necrotizing vasculitis was occasionally found in kidneys and leptomeninx. It was dominated by macrophages which often stained strongly positive for coronavirus antigen. Different types of alteration were often seen in the same animal and even the same tissue. There was no obvious correlation between the cat's age, gross pathological changes, and the histological types of alteration. Single plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies were found around blood vessels distant from inflammatory alterations, within the lung parenchyma, as infiltrating cells in the mucosa of the small intestine, and in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Results show that alterations in FIP are heterogeneous concerning cellular composition and expression of viral antigen. The dominance of B-cells in part of the lesions together with the presence of plasma-cells positive for coronavirus-specific antibodies indicate that these cells may play a role in the maintenance of inflammatory processes in FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kipar
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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Van Ewijk W, de Kruif J, Germeraad WT, Berendes P, Röpke C, Platenburg PP, Logtenberg T. Subtractive isolation of phage-displayed single-chain antibodies to thymic stromal cells by using intact thymic fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:3903-8. [PMID: 9108077 PMCID: PMC20540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the murine thymus, the stroma forms microenvironments that control different steps in T cell development. To study the architecture of such microenvironments and more particularly the nature of communicative signals in lympho-stromal interaction during T cell development, we have employed the phage antibody display technology, with the specific aim of isolating thymic stromal cell-specific single-chain antibodies from a semisynthetic phage library. A subtractive approach using intact, mildly fixed thymic fragments as target tissue and lymphocytes as absorber cells generated monoclonal phages (MoPhabs) detecting subsets of murine thymic stromal cells. In the present paper we report on the reactivity of single-chain antibodies derived from three MoPhabs, TB4-4, TB4-20, and TB4-28. While TB4-4 and TB4-20 are both epithelium specific, TB4-28 detects an epitope expressed on both epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived stromal cells. TB4-4 reacts with all cortical epithelial cells and with other endoderm-derived epithelia, but this reagent leaves the majority of medullary epithelial cells unstained. In contrast, MoPhab TB4-20 detects both cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, as well as other endoderm- and ectoderm-derived epithelial cells. Cross-reaction of single-chain antibodies to human thymic stromal cells shows that our semisynthetic phage antibody display library, in combination with the present subtractive approach, permits detection of evolutionary conserved epitopes expressed on subsets of thymic stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Van Ewijk
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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