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Haghzad T, Khorsand B, Razavi SA, Hedayati M. A computational approach to assessing the prognostic implications of BRAF and RAS mutations in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03911-3. [PMID: 38886331 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer, posing a growing clinical challenge. PTC exhibits two age-related peaks, with established risk factors including family history and radiation exposure. Managing even low-risk, localized PTC cases remain complex, with growing interest in active surveillance as an alternative to immediate surgery. This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to explore the predictive value of BRAF and RAS mutations in PTC, shedding light on their impact on disease progression and outcomes. The analyses emphasized the significance of BRAF and RAS mutations in tumor advancement, particularly the unique BRAF V600E mutation associated with aggressive features. The methodology involved scRNA-Seq analysis of PTC and normal samples, unveiling distinct cell clusters and indicating upregulated BRAF and RAS genes. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted altered biological processes and immune-related pathways in PTC. The study consolidated previous research showing the prevalence of BRAF and RAS mutations in PTC, subtypes with distinct molecular profiles, and the impact of TERT promoter mutations on disease severity. In summary, this study unveils the complex interplay of genetic mutations and the cellular microenvironment in PTC through scRNA-Seq. The upregulated BRAF and RAS genes suggest their roles as PTC drivers, and pathway enrichment reveals alterations in immune-related processes. This synthesis of prior research enhances our understanding of PTC's molecular foundations, informing better prognosis and personalized treatment approaches. These insights advance the landscape of PTC management and provide directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Haghzad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Khorsand
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Adeleh Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Jitpasutham T, Andrianus S, Gubbiotti M, Nosé V, Baloch ZW, Madrigal E, Faquin WC. Thyroid nodules with DICER1 mutation or PTEN alteration: A comparative cytologic, clinical, and molecular study of 117 FNA cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:370-385. [PMID: 38558329 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DICER1 mutations and PTEN alterations are increasingly detected by thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Both are associated with nodular thyroid disease and cancer. The authors analyzed a large comparative thyroid FNA cohort with DICER1 mutation or PTEN alteration. METHODS A total of 117 thyroid FNAs with DICER1 or PTEN alterations were retrieved from the databases of two academic medical institutions. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic data were collected; FNA slides were analyzed for 29 cytomorphologic features. RESULTS Of 117 thyroid FNAs, 36 (30.8%) had DICER1 mutation and 81 (69.2%) showed PTEN alteration. The DICER1 cohort had 33 (91.7%) females and three (8.3%) males (mean, 40.9 years); 61.8% had multinodular disease. FNAs were classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 23 (63.9%); follicular neoplasm (FN), 12 (33.3%); and malignant, 1 (2.8%). The PTEN subgroup had 66 (81.5%) females and 15 (18.5%) males (mean, 55.2 years) with increased multinodular disease (93.8%, p = .0016). PTEN FNAs had greater cytologic diversity: non-diagnostic, 2 (2.5%); benign, 5 (6.2%); AUS, 44 (54.3%); FN, 24 (29.6%); and malignant, 6 (7.4%). Both DICER1 and PTEN cases showed a range of resected tumor subtypes. The DICER1 cohort included thyroblastoma, and the PTEN group included anaplastic carcinoma. The cytomorphology of DICER1 and PTEN cases showed overlapping features, especially microfollicular patterns. Minor cytomorphologic differences included papillary patterns in DICER1 (p = .039), and oncocytic changes (p < .0001) in PTEN. CONCLUSIONS DICER1 and PTEN FNAs reveal many cytologic similarities. DICER1 patients are younger, and PTEN patients had multinodular disease. Awareness of these genetic cohorts can identify patients at risk for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikamporn Jitpasutham
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefen Andrianus
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vania Nosé
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zubair W Baloch
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emilio Madrigal
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sun M, Zhao M, Li R, Zhang Y, Shi X, Ding C, Ma C, Lu J, Yue X. SHMT2 promotes papillary thyroid cancer metastasis through epigenetic activation of AKT signaling. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38272883 PMCID: PMC10811326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells alter their metabolism and epigenetics to support cancer progression. However, very few modulators connecting metabolism and epigenetics have been uncovered. Here, we reveal that serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) generates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to epigenetically repress phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), leading to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) metastasis depending on activation of AKT signaling. SHMT2 is elevated in PTC, and is associated with poor prognosis. Overexpressed SHMT2 promotes PTC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic enrichment analysis shows that AKT signaling is activated, and is positively associated with SHMT2 in PTC specimens. Blocking AKT activation eliminates the effects of SHMT2 on promoting PTC metastasis. Furthermore, SHMT2 expression is negatively associated with PTEN, a negative AKT regulator, in PTC specimens. Mechanistically, SHMT2 catalyzes serine metabolism and produces activated one-carbon units that can generate SAM for the methylation of CpG islands in PTEN promoter for PTEN suppression and following AKT activation. Importantly, interference with PTEN expression affects SHMT2 function by promoting AKT signaling activation and PTC metastasis. Collectively, our research demonstrates that SHMT2 connects metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics, contributing to the poor progression of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingjian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ruowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaojia Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Changyuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Characteristics of PTEN Mutation in Thyroid Tumours: A Retrospective Chart Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051575. [PMID: 36900366 PMCID: PMC10001390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While some studies suggest that PTEN mutations correlate with a low-risk phenotype in pediatric thyroid nodules, the relationship between the mutation and malignancy in the adult populations is abstruse. This study investigated whether PTEN mutations result in thyroid malignancy, and whether these malignancies are aggressive. This multicenter study involved 316 patients who underwent preoperative molecular testing, and subsequent lobectomy or total thyroidectomy at two quaternary care hospitals. A four-year retrospective review was performed on the 16 charts of patients that opted for surgery following a positive PTEN mutation on molecular testing results from January 2018 to December 2021. Of the total 16 patients, 37.5% (n = 6) had malignant tumours, 18.75% (n = 3) had non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs), and 43.75% (n = 7) had benign disease. Aggressive features were detected in 33.33% of the malignant tumours. Malignant tumours were found to have a statistically significant higher allele frequency (AF). The aggressive nodules were all poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs) with copy number alterations (CNAs) and the highest AFs.
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McMurtry V, Canberk S, Deftereos G. Molecular testing in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:36-50. [PMID: 36480743 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are commonly faced by clinicians as palpable nodules or incidentally identified on imaging. Nodules that are found to be suspicious by imaging can be biopsied by fine needle aspiration, which can yield material for molecular testing to refine the diagnosis. METHODS The current literature concerning molecular testing in thyroid nodules including available commercial assays was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Commonly encountered alterations include mutations in RAS, BRAF, TERT promoter, PTEN, and DICER1 as well as fusions of RET, ALK, PAX8-PPARγ, and NTRK. This article provides a summary of these molecular alterations, commercially available molecular assays, and general considerations for thyroid epithelial malignancies and benign thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie McMurtry
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgios Deftereos
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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The Role of TSHR, PTEN and RASSF1A Promoters' Methylation Status for Non-Invasive Detection of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164917. [PMID: 36013156 PMCID: PMC9409956 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated whether a difference exists between TSHR, PTEN and RASSF1A methylation status in plasma of subjects with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 68 patients with PTC and 86 healthy controls (HC). Thyroid cancer tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue methylation levels were analyzed. DNA methylation level changes in TSHR, PTEN and RASSF1A genes were analyzed by quantitative methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction. Results: We observed that the methylation level of TSHR was significantly higher in the thyroid cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue (p = 0.040). TSHR methylation levels in the PTC group plasma samples were significantly higher compared to HC (p = 0.022). After surgery, PTC plasma samples showed lower TSHR and PTEN methylation levels compared to the levels before surgery (p = 0.003, p = 0.031, respectively). The TSHR methylation level was significantly higher in PTC with larger tumor size (>2 cm) (p < 0.001), and lymph node metastases (p = 0.01), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.02) and multifocality (p = 0.013) 0ROC analysis revealed that the TSHR methylation level provides high accuracy in distinguishing PTC from HC (p = 0.022, AUC of 0.616). Conclusion: TSHR methylation in peripheral blood samples is expected to be a sensitive and specific minimally invasive tool for the diagnosis of PTC, especially in combination with other diagnostic means.
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Rajabi S, Alix-Panabières C, Alaei AS, Abooshahab R, Shakib H, Ashrafi MR. Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224–Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290–University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | | | - Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
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Long non-coding ROR promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma through regulation of the TESC/ALDH1A1/TUBB3/PTEN axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:157. [PMID: 35173149 PMCID: PMC8850450 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroidal carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine cancer that plagues people across the world. The potential roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PTC have gained increasing attention. In this study, we aimed to explore whether lncRNA ROR affects the progression of PTC, with the involvement of tescalcin (TESC)/aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1A1 (ALDH1A1)/βIII-tubulin (TUBB3)/tensin homolog (PTEN) axis. PTC tumor and adjacent tissues were obtained, followed by measurement of lncRNA ROR and TESC, ALDH1A1, and TUBB3 expression. Interactions among lncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1, TUBB3, and PTEN were evaluated by ChIP assay, RT-qPCR, or western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and depletion experiments in PTC cells, MTT and colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, xenograft in nude mice was performed to test the effects of lncRNA ROR and PTEN on tumor growth in PTC in vivo. LncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1, and TUBB3 were highly expressed in PTC tissues and cells. Overexpression of lncRNA ROR activated TESC by inhibiting the G9a recruitment on the promoter of TESC and histone H3-lysine 9me methylation. Moreover, TESC upregulated ALDH1A1 expression to increase TUBB3 expression, which then reduced PTEN expression. Overexpression of lncRNA ROR, TESC, ALDH1A1 or TUBB3 and silencing of PTEN promoted PTC cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion while suppressing apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of lncRNA ROR increased tumor growth by inhibiting PTEN in vivo. Taken together, the current study demonstrated that lncRNA ROR mediated TESC/ALDH1A1/TUBB3/PTEN axis, thereby facilitating the development of PTC.
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Emerging Biomarkers in Thyroid Practice and Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010204. [PMID: 35008368 PMCID: PMC8744846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor biomarkers are molecules at genetic or protein level, or certain evaluable characteristics. These help in perfecting patient management. Over the past decade, advanced and more sensitive techniques have led to the identification of many new biomarkers in the field of oncology. A knowledge of the recent developments is essential for their application to clinical practice, and furthering research. This review provides a comprehensive account of such various markers identified in thyroid carcinoma, the most common endocrine malignancy. While some of these have been brought into use in routine patient management, others are novel and need more research before clinical application. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recent developments in molecular biological techniques have led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of thyroid neoplasms. This has culminated in the updating of thyroid tumor classification, including the re-categorization of existing and introduction of new entities. In this review, we discuss various molecular biomarkers possessing diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and therapeutic roles in thyroid cancer. A comprehensive account of epigenetic dysregulation, including DNA methylation, the function of various microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, germline mutations determining familial occurrence of medullary and non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, and single nucleotide polymorphisms predisposed to thyroid tumorigenesis has been provided. In addition to novel immunohistochemical markers, including those for neuroendocrine differentiation, and next-generation immunohistochemistry (BRAF V600E, RAS, TRK, and ALK), the relevance of well-established markers, such as Ki-67, in current clinical practice has also been discussed. A tumor microenvironment (PD-L1, CD markers) and its influence in predicting responses to immunotherapy in thyroid cancer and the expanding arena of techniques, including liquid biopsy based on circulating nucleic acids and plasma-derived exosomes as a non-invasive technique for patient management, are also summarized.
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Bae JS, Jung SH, Hirokawa M, Bychkov A, Miyauchi A, Lee S, Chung YJ, Jung CK. High Prevalence of DICER1 Mutations and Low Frequency of Gene Fusions in Pediatric Follicular-Patterned Tumors of the Thyroid. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:336-346. [PMID: 34313965 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Follicular-patterned tumors of the thyroid in the adult population frequently harbor RAS mutations or PAX8-PPARG rearrangement, but little is known about molecular profiles in the pediatric patients with thyroid tumors, which is rare. To identify the molecular profile of pediatric follicular-patterned tumors, we enrolled 41 pediatric patients with follicular-patterned tumors from two institutions. We did next-generation sequencing using a mutation panel targeting 49 thyroid-tumor-related genes and a fusion panel targeting 88 types of thyroid-related gene fusions. We identified nonsynonymous mutations in at least one target gene in most of the tumors (28/41, 68%). Somatic DICER1 mutations (22%, n = 9) were the most common genetic alteration, followed by mutations of NRAS (15%), FGFR3 (15%), PTEN (12%), and STK11 (10%). Infrequent genetic alterations (≤ 5% of all cases) included mutations of HRAS, APC, TSHR, CTNNB1, TP53, EIF1AX, FGFR4, GNAS, RET, and SOS1, and gene fusion of THADA-IGF2BP3. DICER1 and RAS mutations were mutually exclusive. No patients had tumors related to the DICER1 syndrome or the Cowden syndrome. There was no significant difference in total mutation burden or distribution between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. In the literature, the DICER1 mutation has been reported in 20 to 53% of pediatric patients with follicular-patterned tumors. In conclusion, our study reinforces the role of the DICER1 mutation in the development of pediatric thyroid tumors. Gene fusions rarely occur in pediatric follicular-patterned tumors. Mutation or gene fusion alone could not distinguish benign from malignant follicular-patterned tumors in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Seong Bae
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Departmen of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0011, Japan
| | - Sohee Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- College of Medicine, IRCGP, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Ramadan A, Hashim M, Abouzid A, Swellam M. Clinical impact of PTEN methylation status as a prognostic marker for breast cancer. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33970384 PMCID: PMC8110663 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene has been found in many cancers. The object of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of PTEN methylation as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. The study includes 153 newly diagnosed females, and they were divided according to their clinical diagnosis into breast cancer patients (n = 112) and females with benign breast lesion (n = 41). A group of healthy individuals (n = 25) were recruited as control individuals. Breast cancer patients were categorized into early stage (0–I, n = 48) and late stage (II–III, n = 64), and graded into low grade (I–II, n = 42) and high grade (III, n = 70). Their pathological types were invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) (n = 66) and duct carcinoma in situ (DCI) (n = 46). Tumor markers (CEA and CA15.3) were detected using ELISA. DNA was taken away from the blood, and the PTEN promoter methylation level was evaluated using the EpiTect Methyl II PCR method. Results The findings revealed the superiority of PTEN methylation status as a good discriminator of the cancer group from the other two groups (benign and control) with its highest AUC and increased sensitivity (96.4%) and specificity (100%) over tumor markers (50% and 84% for CEA and 49.1% and 86.4% for CA15.3), respectively. The frequency of PTEN methylation was 96.4% of breast cancer patients and none of the benign and controls showed PTEN methylation and the means of PTEN methylation (87 ± 0.6) were significantly increased in blood samples of breast cancer group as compared to both benign and control groups (25 ± 0.7 and 12.6 ± 0.3), respectively. Methylation levels of PTEN were higher in the blood of patients with ER-positive than in patients with ER-negative cancers (P = 0.007) and in HER2 positive vs. HER2 negative tumors (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis recognizes PTEN methylation status as a significant forecaster of bad progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), after 40 months follow-up. Conclusions PETN methylation could be supposed as one of the epigenetic aspects influencing the breast cancer prognosis that might foretell more aggressive actions and worse results in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ramadan
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maha Hashim
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr Abouzid
- Surgical Oncology Department, Mansoura Oncology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Menha Swellam
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Cheng Z, Liu L, Li Q. lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 stimulates cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating PTEN. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32973941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is closely related to a range of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZEB2 antisense RNA 1 (ZEB2-AS1) in regulating the hypertrophic process of cardiomyocytes and the potential underlying mechanism. An in vivo CH mouse model was established by performing transverse aortic constriction procedures. An in vitro CH model was established in primary cardiomyocytes isolated from mice by phenylephrine (PE) treatment. The relative protein levels of BNP, ANP and PTEN in cells with different groups (CH group and control group) were determined by western blotting. Relative expression levels of ZEB2-AS1, natriuretic peptide A (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined in both in vivo and in vitro CH models. The regulatory effects of ZEB2-AS1/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) on cell surface area, and the relative expression levels of ANP and BNP were explored. ZEB2-AS1, ANP and BNP expression levels were increased in both in vivo and in vitro CH models compared with the sham and negative control groups, respectively. ZEB2-AS1 knockdown decreased cell surface area, and downregulated ANP and BNP expression levels in PE-treated primary cardiomyocytes. Similarly, PTEN overexpression reduced cell surface area, and downregulated ANP and BNP expression levels in PE-treated primary cardiomyocytes. Moreover, PTEN reversed the regulatory effects of ZEB2-AS1 on hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the present study suggested that lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 may influence the progression of CH by downregulating PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cheng
- Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
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13
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Wei F, Wu Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang J, Shao G, Yang Y, Shi B. Diagnostic significance of DNA methylation of PTEN and DAPK in thyroid tumors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:187-195. [PMID: 32286703 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA Methylation of the tumour suppressor gene leading to gene silencing plays an important role in thyroid tumour development. The purpose was to determine the DNA methylation status of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) in patients with thyroid nodules and to explore whether they can be used as molecular diagnostic tools to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Thyroid tissue and blood samples were obtained from normal healthy individuals (controls) and patients suffering from clinically diagnosed thyroid nodular disease [papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), adenoma and nodular goitre]. DNA methylation level, mRNA expression and protein expression of PTEN and DAPK in the thyroid tissues and peripheral blood were detected using methylation-specific PCR, semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity, specific and accuracy of detection were evaluated between blood and thyroid tissue. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the level of DNA methylation of PTEN and DAPK in PTC (P < .05) compared with controls and other types of thyroid nodules. Levels of the mRNA of both PTEN and DAPK were lower in PTC in both peripheral blood and tissue samples compared with controls, while there was concomitant decrease of both PTEN and DAPK protein expression in PTC tissues (P < .05). There was no significant difference in diagnostic specificity, sensitivity and accuracy between blood sample and thyroid tissues. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylated status of both PTEN and DAPK in peripheral blood and tissue samples can be useful biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and, distinguishing of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Guo Shao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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14
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Molecular Profiling of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:85-88. [PMID: 32495172 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecular features of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer are closely related to the clinical behavior of the tumor and the prognosis of the disease. BRAF-V600E mutations in patients with a follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer have not been identified; however, the majority of patients had T3-4N0M0 stage of the disease. Changes in the expression of transcription and growth factors and AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway components were detected. In addition, hyperexpression of m-TOR and 4EBP1 kinases and CAIX enzyme was shown compared to the classical variant of papillary thyroid cancer, where an increase in the nuclear factor NF-κB p65 and c-RAF kinase expression was observed.
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15
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LncRNA SNHG5 regulates cell apoptosis and inflammation by miR-132/PTEN axis in COPD. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110016. [PMID: 32145584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (lncRNA SNHG5) plays well-defined roles in the malignant progression. However, the roles of SNHG5 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression remain unclear. In the present study, SNHG5 expression was low expressed in COPD tissues and positively correlated with low forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% in patients. Subsequently, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) decreased SNHG5 expression in 16HBE cells, and SNHG5 overexpression in 16HBE cells mitigated the effects of CSE on the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a). Mechanistically, SNHG5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-132 in COPD, thereby increasing the expression of the miR-132 target PTEN. Moreover, rescue assays demonstrated that PTEN suppression (or miR-132 overexpression) attenuated the effects of SNHG5 upregulation on COPD progression. In conclusion, the SNHG5-miR-132-PTEN axis might play critical roles in COPD development, providing an effective target for the treatment of COPD.
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16
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Pulido R, Mingo J, Gaafar A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Luna S, Torices L, Angulo JC, López JI. Precise Immunodetection of PTEN Protein in Human Neoplasia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a036293. [PMID: 31501265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a major tumor-suppressor protein whose expression and biological activity are frequently diminished in sporadic or inherited cancers. PTEN gene deletion or loss-of-function mutations favor tumor cell growth and are commonly found in clinical practice. In addition, diminished PTEN protein expression is also frequently observed in tumor samples from cancer patients in the absence of PTEN gene alterations. This makes PTEN protein levels a potential biomarker parameter in clinical oncology, which can guide therapeutic decisions. The specific detection of PTEN protein can be achieved by using highly defined anti-PTEN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), characterized with precision in terms of sensitivity for the detection technique, specificity for PTEN binding, and constraints of epitope recognition. This is especially relevant taking into consideration that PTEN is highly targeted by mutations and posttranslational modifications, and different PTEN protein isoforms exist. The precise characterization of anti-PTEN mAb reactivity is an important step in the validation of these reagents as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical oncology, including their routine use in analytical immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we review the current status on the use of well-defined anti-PTEN mAbs for PTEN immunodetection in the clinical context and discuss their potential usefulness and limitations for a more precise cancer diagnosis and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Ayman Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Sandra Luna
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid 28904, Spain.,Clinical Department, European University of Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid 28904, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
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17
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Bu R, Siraj AK, Divya SP, Kong Y, Parvathareddy SK, Al-Rasheed M, Al-Obaisi KAS, Victoria IG, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dawish M, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations are independent predictor of disease-free survival in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:2028-2039. [PMID: 29266240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Tumor recurrence occurs in ∼20% of PTCs and some reach advanced stages. Promoter mutation in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is identified to be a prognostic marker in PTC. However, the contribution of TERT promoter mutation to cancer progression in PTC patients is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the incidence of TERT promoter mutations and TERT protein expression and their association with clinicopathological outcomes in a large cohort of PTC samples using direct sequencing technology and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, two PTC cell lines were utilized to investigate role of TERT mutations in mediating metastasis. Two promoter hotspot mutations C228T and C250T were identified in 18.0% (167/927) of our cohort and were significantly associated with poor 5 years disease-free survival and distant metastasis of PTC. TERT protein overexpression was noted in 20.1% of our PTC cohort and was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers such as older age, extrathyroidal extension and Stage IV tumors. A significant association was also found between TERT overexpression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Functional analysis showed that TERT inhibition reduced cell growth, invasion, migration and angiogenesis in PTC via suppression of EMT in PTC cells. Our results suggest that TERT promoter mutation is an independent predictor of disease-free survival and might drive the metastasis, and downregulation of TERT could potentiate antitumor and antimetastatic activities in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A S Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid G Victoria
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Dawish
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Cui W, Ma M, Zheng S, Ma Z, Su L, Zhang W. PIK3CA amplification and PTEN loss in diffused large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66237-66247. [PMID: 29029507 PMCID: PMC5630407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known that PIK3CA was amplified and PTEN was deficient on protein level in DLBCL, the clinicopathological significance of PIK3CA and PTEN genetic change on DNA level hasn't been established. Here, in our present study, to understand the clinical significance of genetic status of PIK3CA and PTEN in DLBCL, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to evaluate the genetic change of PIK3CA and PTEN in clinical sample tissues consist of 205 cases. Incidentally, to understand the clinicopathological significance of genetic change of PIK3CA and PTEN, Cross-table analysis was used to analyze the association between genetic change of PIK3CA and PTEN versus clinicopathological variables available to us, including age, gender, size, location, international prognosis index, performance state, B-symptom, clinical stage, Extra nodal site, concentration of lactate dehydrogenase, therapeutic effects, treatment and overall prognosis. It was found that PIK3CA was amplified and PTEN was deficient on DNA level, the percentage of amplification and loss was 12.7% (26/205) and 12.2% (25/205), respectively. Additionally, no significant association was observed between genetic change of PIK3CA and PTEN versus clinicopathological variables available. Nor was the significant correlation found between loss of PTEN versus PIK3CA amplification. Our results suggest that PTEN deficiency and amplification of PIK3CA on DNA level was an event in the pathogenesis of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cui
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
| | - Mingfu Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
| | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
| | - Zhiping Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, PR.China
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19
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Delgado-Álvarez E, Díaz-Naya L, Martín Nieto A, Menéndez Torre E. Epigenetic modulators of thyroid cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:44-56. [PMID: 28440770 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are some well known factors involved in the etiology of thyroid cancer, including iodine deficiency, radiation exposure at early ages, or some genetic changes. However, epigenetic modulators that may contribute to development of these tumors and be helpful to for both their diagnosis and treatment have recently been discovered. The currently known changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in each type of thyroid carcinoma are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Díaz-Naya
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alicia Martín Nieto
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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20
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Li WF, Ou Q, Dai H, Liu CA. Lentiviral-Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Knockdown of MTDH Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating the PTEN/AKT Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19419-32. [PMID: 26287185 PMCID: PMC4581304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes are believed to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metaherin (MTDH), also called astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), is frequently amplified in a variety of cancers, but the roles of MTDH with regard to growth and apoptosis in HCC have not yet been studied. In the present study, we first analyzed the expression of MTDH in HCC samples. We found that MTDH protein levels are higher in most HCC cancerous tissues compared with their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Additionally, the MTDH mRNA was also higher in HCC tissues compared to their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Knockdown of the endogenous MTDH using small interfering RNA further showed that deficiency of MTDH suppressed cell growth and caused apoptosis in HCC cells. Knockdown MTDH promoted PTEN and p53 expression in HCC cells and inhibited AKT phosphorylation. Knockdown MTDH also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. All these results indicated that MTDH protein levels in most HCC tissues are higher than non-tumor tissues, and knockdown of MTDH inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in HCC cells through the activation of PTEN. Therefore, MTDH might be an effective targeted therapy gene for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Li
- Department of Hepatibiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Ou
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Hubei Medical University, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Hang Dai
- Department of Hepatibiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chang-An Liu
- Department of Hepatibiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shiyan 442000, China.
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21
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Liu FT, Ou-Yang X, Zhang GP, Luo HL. Progress in research of colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and adenoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3413-3420. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i21.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system, and the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer has been the focus of its prevention and control. Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and adenoma are considered to be the most important precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer. In recent years, with the development of biological medicine, genetics,
and other disciplines, many studies have explored the relationship between intraepithelial neoplasia and adenoma and colorectal cancer, and some new research progress has been achieved to provide some guidance for the future clinical screening, regular follow-up and chemical prevention. However, it remains to be studied how colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and adenoma form and evolve to colorectal cancer.
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