1
|
Xu Y, Che H, Liu J, Ye P. Association of metformin and statin uses with the prognosis of colon cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:414-424. [PMID: 38215022 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin and statins are commonly used globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, respectively. Recently, multiple novel pathways have been discovered, which may contribute to the treatment of various types of cancer. Several meta-analysis studies have reported that the use of metformin or statins is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer compared to nonusers. In this study, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis and investigate the prognostic roles of these two medications in colon cancer. METHODS To identify relevant articles, literature searches were performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using a combination of keywords related to metformin, statins and colon cancer prognosis until August 2023. The study utilized STATA 12.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) to compute all the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) regarding the association between metformin or statin uses and prognostic-related outcomes. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the use of metformin was associated with a significantly lower overall mortality of colon cancer (HR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.51-0.77; I2 = 94.9%; P < 0.001), as well as lower cancer-specific mortality of colon cancer (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.50-0.94; I2 = 91.9%; P < 0.001). Similarly, the use of statins was also associated with a lower overall mortality of colon cancer (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.60-0.78; I2 = 93.8%; P < 0.001), as well as a lower cancer-specific mortality of colon cancer (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.67-0.81; I2 = 82.2%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis study suggests that statins and metformin may have potential as adjuvant agents with significant benefits in the prognosis of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- Department of Anus and Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee J, Roh JL. Cholesterol-ferroptosis nexus: Unveiling novel cancer therapeutic avenues. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217046. [PMID: 38852702 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, holds immense potential in cancer therapeutics due to its role in tumor progression and resistance. This review predominantly explores the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and cholesterol metabolism pathways, mainly focusing on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. This review highlights the therapeutic implications of targeting cholesterol metabolism pathways for cancer treatment by delving into the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation. Strategies such as inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and suppressing squalene synthesis offer promising avenues for inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, insights into targeting the 7-dehydrocholesterol pathway provide novel perspectives on modulating ferroptosis susceptibility and managing ferroptosis-associated diseases. Understanding the interplay between ferroptosis and cholesterol metabolism pathways underscores the potential of lipid metabolism modulation as an innovative therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wagner SJ, Reisenbüchler D, West NP, Niehues JM, Zhu J, Foersch S, Veldhuizen GP, Quirke P, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA, Hutchins GGA, Richman SD, Yuan T, Langer R, Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Mueller W, Gray R, Gruber SB, Greenson JK, Rennert G, Bonner JD, Schmolze D, Jonnagaddala J, Hawkins NJ, Ward RL, Morton D, Seymour M, Magill L, Nowak M, Hay J, Koelzer VH, Church DN, Matek C, Geppert C, Peng C, Zhi C, Ouyang X, James JA, Loughrey MB, Salto-Tellez M, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Truhn D, Schnabel JA, Boxberg M, Peng T, Kather JN. Transformer-based biomarker prediction from colorectal cancer histology: A large-scale multicentric study. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1650-1661.e4. [PMID: 37652006 PMCID: PMC10507381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) can accelerate the prediction of prognostic biomarkers from routine pathology slides in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, current approaches rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and have mostly been validated on small patient cohorts. Here, we develop a new transformer-based pipeline for end-to-end biomarker prediction from pathology slides by combining a pre-trained transformer encoder with a transformer network for patch aggregation. Our transformer-based approach substantially improves the performance, generalizability, data efficiency, and interpretability as compared with current state-of-the-art algorithms. After training and evaluating on a large multicenter cohort of over 13,000 patients from 16 colorectal cancer cohorts, we achieve a sensitivity of 0.99 with a negative predictive value of over 0.99 for prediction of microsatellite instability (MSI) on surgical resection specimens. We demonstrate that resection specimen-only training reaches clinical-grade performance on endoscopic biopsy tissue, solving a long-standing diagnostic problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Wagner
- Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany; School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EFFZ), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Reisenbüchler
- Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas P West
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Niehues
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EFFZ), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EFFZ), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Philip Quirke
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gordon G A Hutchins
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan D Richman
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tanwei Yuan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology und Molecular Pathology, Johannes Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Richard Gray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Center for Precision Medicine and Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine & Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph D Bonner
- Department of Community Medicine & Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Center for Precision Medicine and Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jitendra Jonnagaddala
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dion Morton
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Laura Magill
- University of Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marta Nowak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Hay
- Glasgow Tissue Research Facility, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - David N Church
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Matek
- Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chaolong Peng
- Medical School, Jianggang Shan University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Building, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Regional Molecular Diagnostic Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK; The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Building, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Regional Molecular Diagnostic Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK; Integrated Pathology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia A Schnabel
- Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany; School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Boxberg
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Pathology Munich-North, Munich, Germany
| | - Tingying Peng
- Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EFFZ), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nishikawa S, Iwakuma T. Drugs Targeting p53 Mutations with FDA Approval and in Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:429. [PMID: 36672377 PMCID: PMC9856662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 (p53) promote cancer progression. This is mainly due to loss of function (LOS) as a tumor suppressor, dominant-negative (DN) activities of missense mutant p53 (mutp53) over wild-type p53 (wtp53), and wtp53-independent oncogenic activities of missense mutp53 by interacting with other tumor suppressors or oncogenes (gain of function: GOF). Since p53 mutations occur in ~50% of human cancers and rarely occur in normal tissues, p53 mutations are cancer-specific and ideal therapeutic targets. Approaches to target p53 mutations include (1) restoration or stabilization of wtp53 conformation from missense mutp53, (2) rescue of p53 nonsense mutations, (3) depletion or degradation of mutp53 proteins, and (4) induction of p53 synthetic lethality or targeting of vulnerabilities imposed by p53 mutations (enhanced YAP/TAZ activities) or deletions (hyperactivated retrotransposons). This review article focuses on clinically available FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials that target p53 mutations and summarizes their mechanisms of action and activities to suppress cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toner TM, Pancholi R, Miller P, Forster T, Coleman HG, Overton IM. Strategies and techniques for quality control and semantic enrichment with multimodal data: a case study in colorectal cancer with eHDPrep. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad030. [PMID: 37171130 PMCID: PMC10176503 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of data from multiple domains can greatly enhance the quality and applicability of knowledge generated in analysis workflows. However, working with health data is challenging, requiring careful preparation in order to support meaningful interpretation and robust results. Ontologies encapsulate relationships between variables that can enrich the semantic content of health datasets to enhance interpretability and inform downstream analyses. FINDINGS We developed an R package for electronic health data preparation, "eHDPrep," demonstrated upon a multimodal colorectal cancer dataset (661 patients, 155 variables; Colo-661); a further demonstrator is taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (459 patients, 94 variables; TCGA-COAD). eHDPrep offers user-friendly methods for quality control, including internal consistency checking and redundancy removal with information-theoretic variable merging. Semantic enrichment functionality is provided, enabling generation of new informative "meta-variables" according to ontological common ancestry between variables, demonstrated with SNOMED CT and the Gene Ontology in the current study. eHDPrep also facilitates numerical encoding, variable extraction from free text, completeness analysis, and user review of modifications to the dataset. CONCLUSIONS eHDPrep provides effective tools to assess and enhance data quality, laying the foundation for robust performance and interpretability in downstream analyses. Application to multimodal colorectal cancer datasets resulted in improved data quality, structuring, and robust encoding, as well as enhanced semantic information. We make eHDPrep available as an R package from CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package = eHDPrep) and GitHub (https://github.com/overton-group/eHDPrep).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Toner
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rashi Pancholi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul Miller
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- The Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | | | - Helen G Coleman
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ian M Overton
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamilton AC, Bannon FJ, Dunne PD, James J, McQuaid S, Gray RT, Salto-Tellez M, Cardwell CR, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG. Distinct Molecular Profiles of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort and Systematic Review. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:347-359. [PMID: 39132649 PMCID: PMC11307521 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims The observed increase in the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is being driven by sporadic cases, but the molecular characteristics of these tumors are not fully understood. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and selected mutations in sporadic EOCRC, and their association with survival. Methods Firstly, we compared the prevalence of molecular characteristics and survival within a population-based cohort study of 652 stage II and III colon cancer patients in Northern Ireland, comparing sporadic early-onset (<50 years, n = 35) with older (60-69 years, n = 179) patients. Secondly, a systematic review for studies reporting the prevalence of MSI, mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), or BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations in sporadic EOCRC was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled estimates of the prevalence of molecular features in sporadic EOCRC. Results Firstly, within the cohort study, EOCRC patients did not have a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer-specific death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-2.39) compared with 60- to 69-year-olds. Second, 32 studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled analysis estimated a prevalence of 10% (95% CI 7%-14%) for MSI high/dMMR in sporadic EOCRC. BRAF and KRAS mutations had a prevalence of 1% (95% CI 0%-3%) and 32% (95% CI 23%-40%), respectively. Conclusion The molecular characteristics of sporadic EOCRC differ from those of cancers in older adults, particularly regarding reduced prevalence of BRAF mutations. Ten percent of sporadic EOCRC display MSI high/dMMR. Further studies are needed to address survival in sporadic EOCRC cases and whether molecular profiles influence EOCRC outcomes in this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Finian J. Bannon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline James
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ronan T. Gray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris R. Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice B. Loughrey
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G. Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang L, Wei R, Chen R, Fan G, Zhou J, Qi Z, Wang K, Wei Q, Wei X, Xu X. Establishment and validation of a cholesterol metabolism-related prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4402-4414. [PMID: 36051877 PMCID: PMC9420502 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most important type of liver cancer, the 5-year survival rate for advanced HCC is 2%. The heterogeneity of HCC makes previous models fail to achieve satisfactory results. The role of Cholesterol-based metabolic reprogramming in cancer has attracted more and more attention. In this study, we screened cholesterol metabolism-related genes (CMRGs) based on a systematical analysis from TCGA and GEO database. Then, we constructed a prognostic signature based on the screened 5 CMRGs: FDPS, FABP5, ANXA2, ACADL and HMGCS2. The clinical value of the five CMRGs was validated by TCGA database and HPA database. HCC patients were assigned to the high-risk and low-risk groups on the basis of median risk score calculated by the five CMRGs. We evaluated the signature in TCGA database and validated in ICGC database. The results revealed that the prognostic signature had good prognostic performance, even among different clinicopathological subgroups. The function analysis linked CMRGs with KEGG pathway, such as cell adhesion molecules, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and other related pathways. In addition, patients in the high-risk group exhibited characteristics of high TP53 mutation, high immune checkpoints expression and high immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, based on the prognostic signature, we identified 25 most significant small molecule drugs as potential drugs for HCC patients. Finally, a nomogram combined risk score and TNM stage was constructed. These results indicated our prognostic signature has an excellent prediction performance. This study is expected to provide a potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HCC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Craig SG, Mende S, Humphries MP, Bingham V, Viratham Pulsawatdi A, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG, McQuaid S, Wilson RH, Van Schaeybroeck S, James JA, Salto‐Tellez M. Orthogonal MET analysis in a population-representative stage II-III colon cancer cohort: prognostic and potential therapeutic implications. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3317-3328. [PMID: 34428346 PMCID: PMC8637556 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials for MET inhibitors have demonstrated limited success for their use in colon cancer (CC). However, clinical efficacy may be obscured by a lack of standardisation in MET assessment for patient stratification. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular context in which MET is deregulated in CC using a series of genomic and proteomic tests to define MET expression and identify patient subgroups that should be considered in future studies with MET-targeted agents. To this aim, orthogonal expression analysis of MET was conducted in a population-representative cohort of stage II/III CC patients (n = 240) diagnosed in Northern Ireland from 2004 to 2008. Targeted sequencing was used to determine the relative incidence of MET R970C and MET T992I mutations within the cohort. MET amplification was assessed using dual-colour dual-hapten brightfield in situ hybridisation (DDISH). Expression of transcribed MET and c-MET protein within the cohort was assessed using digital image analysis on MET RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) and c-MET immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained slides. We found that less than 2% of the stage II/III CC patient population assessed demonstrated a genetic MET aberration. Determination of a high MET RNA-ISH/low c-MET IHC protein subgroup was found to be associated with poor 5-year cancer-specific outcomes compared to patients with concordant MET RNA-ISH and c-MET IHC protein expression (HR 2.12 [95%CI: 1.27-3.68]). The MET RNA-ISH/c-MET IHC protein biomarker paradigm identified in this study demonstrates that subtyping of MET expression may be required to identify MET-addicted malignancies in CC patients who will truly benefit from MET inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Svenja Mende
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Matthew P. Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Amélie Viratham Pulsawatdi
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Maurice B. Loughrey
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Victoria HospitalBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
- Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastUK
| | | | - Stephen McQuaid
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | | | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
| | - Jacqueline A. James
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Victoria HospitalBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| | - Manuel Salto‐Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of ExcellencePatrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastUK
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Victoria HospitalBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu Y, Zou T, Shen X, Nelson PJ, Li J, Wu C, Yang J, Zheng Y, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin L, Dong Q. Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:27-59. [PMID: 34766135 PMCID: PMC8491217 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism represents an important metabolic alteration in cancer. Fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipid are the three most prevalent lipids that act as energy producers, signaling molecules, and source material for the biogenesis of cell membranes. The enhanced synthesis, storage, and uptake of lipids contribute to cancer progression. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in cancer has been linked to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and cross talk with the tumor microenvironment. The resulting activity favors the survival and proliferation of tumor cells in the harsh conditions within the tumor. Lipid metabolism also plays a vital role in tumor immunogenicity via effects on the function of the noncancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, especially immune‐associated cells. Targeting altered lipid metabolism pathways has shown potential as a promising anticancer therapy. Here, we review recent evidence implicating the contribution of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer to cancer progression, and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism rewiring in cancer, and potential therapeutic strategies directed toward lipid metabolism in cancer. This review sheds new light to fully understanding of the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the context of cancer and provides valuable clues on therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tiantian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich Germany
| | - Jiahui Li
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jimeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng CT, Wang TY, Chen PR, Wu WH, Lai JM, Chang PMH, Hong YR, Huang CYF, Wang FS. Computer-Aided Design for Identifying Anticancer Targets in Genome-Scale Metabolic Models of Colon Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111115. [PMID: 34827109 PMCID: PMC8614794 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Discovery of anticancer targets with minimal side effects is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. This study developed a fuzzy optimization framework for identifying anticancer targets. The framework was applied to identify not only gene regulator targets but also metabolite- and reaction-centric targets. The computational results show that the combination of a carbon metabolism target and any one-target gene that participates in the sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, nucleotide, cholesterol biosynthesis, or pentose phosphate pathways is more effective for treatment than one-target inhibition is, and a two-target combination of 5-FU and folate supplement can improve cell viability, reduce metabolic deviation, and reduce side effects of normal cells. Abstract The efficient discovery of anticancer targets with minimal side effects is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Early prediction of side effects is key for reducing development costs, increasing drug efficacy, and increasing drug safety. This study developed a fuzzy optimization framework for Identifying AntiCancer Targets (IACT) using constraint-based models. Four objectives were established to evaluate the mortality of treated cancer cells and to minimize side effects causing toxicity-induced tumorigenesis on normal cells and smaller metabolic perturbations. Fuzzy set theory was applied to evaluate potential side effects and investigate the magnitude of metabolic deviations in perturbed cells compared with their normal counterparts. The framework was applied to identify not only gene regulator targets but also metabolite- and reaction-centric targets. A nested hybrid differential evolution algorithm with a hierarchical fitness function was applied to solve multilevel IACT problems. The results show that the combination of a carbon metabolism target and any one-target gene that participates in the sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, nucleotide, cholesterol biosynthesis, or pentose phosphate pathways is more effective for treatment than one-target inhibition is. A clinical antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to inhibit synthesis of deoxythymidine-5′-triphosphate for treatment of colorectal cancer. The computational results reveal that a two-target combination of 5-FU and a folate supplement can improve cell viability, reduce metabolic deviation, and reduce side effects of normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Tsun-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Pei-Rong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wu-Hsiung Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11211, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (C.-T.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (P.-R.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2720411 (ext. 33404)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Cui N, Hao T, Zou J, Jiao W, Yi K, Yu W. Statins use and the prognosis of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101588. [PMID: 33662632 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies regarding the prognostic value of statin on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients showed various results. METHODS Articles regarding the prognostic value of statin on CRC and published in English and before October 2020 were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar. The multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to explore associations between statins use and overall mortality or cancer-specific mortality of CRC. RESULTS The study included 5 retrospective case-control studies (including 475 statins users and 1925 no-statin users) and 11 prospective cohort studies (including 40659 statins users and 344459 no-statin users). The present study showed that statins use might be significantly associated with lower overall mortality in CRC with a random effects model (HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.86, I2 = 61.9%, p value for Q test <0.001). In addition, statins use might be significantly associated with lower cancer-specific mortality in CRC with a random effects model (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.85, I2 = 57.3%, p value for Q test = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study indicated that that statin use was a protective factor for CRC prognosis. However, the relationship between statins use and CRC prognosis requires repeated and large prospective studies to be verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liusheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tengteng Hao
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wu Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Kangjun Yi
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wu Yu
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sarker MMK, Makhlouf Y, Craig SG, Humphries MP, Loughrey M, James JA, Salto-Tellez M, O’Reilly P, Maxwell P. A Means of Assessing Deep Learning-Based Detection of ICOS Protein Expression in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3825. [PMID: 34359723 PMCID: PMC8345140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers identify patient response to therapy. The potential immune-checkpoint biomarker, Inducible T-cell COStimulator (ICOS), expressed on regulating T-cell activation and involved in adaptive immune responses, is of great interest. We have previously shown that open-source software for digital pathology image analysis can be used to detect and quantify ICOS using cell detection algorithms based on traditional image processing techniques. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning methods is significantly impacting the domain of digital pathology, including the quantification of biomarkers. In this study, we propose a general AI-based workflow for applying deep learning to the problem of cell segmentation/detection in IHC slides as a basis for quantifying nuclear staining biomarkers, such as ICOS. It consists of two main parts: a simplified but robust annotation process, and cell segmentation/detection models. This results in an optimised annotation process with a new user-friendly tool that can interact with1 other open-source software and assists pathologists and scientists in creating and exporting data for deep learning. We present a set of architectures for cell-based segmentation/detection to quantify and analyse the trade-offs between them, proving to be more accurate and less time consuming than traditional methods. This approach can identify the best tool to deliver the prognostic significance of ICOS protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafa Kamal Sarker
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Yasmine Makhlouf
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Stephanie G. Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Matthew P. Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Maurice Loughrey
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK;
| | - Jacqueline A. James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK;
- Northern Ireland Biobank, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK;
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul O’Reilly
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
- Sonrai Analytics LTD, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Perry Maxwell
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (M.M.K.S.); (Y.M.); (S.G.C.); (M.P.H.); (J.A.J.); (M.S.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manda K, Juerß D, Fischer P, Schröder A, Koenen A, Hildebrandt G. Simvastatin treatment varies the radiation response of human breast cells in 2D or 3D culture. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:658-669. [PMID: 33313978 PMCID: PMC8068713 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Statins inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis and are used as cholesterol-lowering agents in fat-metabolism disorders. Furthermore, several studies state that statins have supportive functions in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, simvastatin (SVA) as a potential radiosensitizer should be investigated on the basis of human breast cells. Methods First, an optimal concentration of SVA for normal (MCF10A) and cancer (MCF-7) cells was identified via growth and cytotoxicity assays that, according to the definition of a radiosensitizer in the narrower sense, enhances the effect of radiation therapy but has no cytotoxic effect. Next, in combination with radiation SVA's influence on DNA repair capacity and clonogenic survival in 2D and 3D was determined. Furthermore cell cycle distribution, expression of survivin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as well as ERK1 map kinase were analysed. Results 1 μM SVA was identified as highest concentration without an influence on cell growth and cytotoxicity and was used for further analyses. In terms of early and residual γH2AX-foci, SVA affected the number of foci in both cell lines with or without irradiation. Different radiation responses were detected in 2D and 3D culture conditions. During the 2D cultivation, a radiosensitizing effect within the clonogenic survival was observable, but not in 3D. Conclusion The present study suggests that SVA may have potential for radiosensitization. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the role of SVA in relation to the extent of radiosensitization and how it could be used to positively influence the therapy of breast cancer or other entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dajana Juerß
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Fischer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schröder
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annelie Koenen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva A, Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Araújo A, Faria G. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components on Colon Cancer Characteristics and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631257. [PMID: 33747952 PMCID: PMC7970759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is recognized as a risk factor for colon cancer (CC). However, whether the cluster of metabolic changes that define MS also influence CC prognosis remains unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate whether the presence of MS or any of the MS individual components could provide prognostic information on tumor phenotype and survival outcomes. Clinical and pathological data from patients with CC (n = 300) who underwent surgical resection at a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively collected to evaluate presence of MS components and diagnostic criteria, CC phenotype and disease outcomes. Patients were allocated into two groups according to the presence or absence of MS (n = 85 MS vs n = 83 non-MS). The overall prevalence of MS individual components was 82.7% for increased waist-circumference (WC), 61.3% for high blood pressure (BP), 48.8% for low HDL-cholesterol, 39.9% for high fasting glucose, and 33.9% for hypertriglyceridemia. Patients in the MS group presented smaller tumors (p = 0.006) with lower T-stage (p = 0.002). High BP (p = 0.029) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) were associated with a smaller tumor size, while low-HDL (p = 0.008) was associated with lower T-stage. After propensity score matching using age, tumor size and staging as covariates high-BP (p = 0.020) and WC (p = 0.003) were found to influence disease-free survival, but not overall survival. In conclusion, despite MS being an established risk factor for CC, our data does not support the hypothesis that MS components have a negative impact on disease extension or prognosis. Nevertheless, a protective role of BP and lipid lowering drugs cannot be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S Pereira
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - António Araújo
- Unit of Oncobiology Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- iGo Department, CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal.,General Surgery, Hospital de Pedro Hispano - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loughrey MB, McGrath J, Coleman HG, Bankhead P, Maxwell P, McGready C, Bingham V, Humphries MP, Craig SG, McQuaid S, Salto-Tellez M, James JA. Identifying mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer: near-perfect concordance between immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing in a large, population-based series. Histopathology 2021; 78:401-413. [PMID: 32791559 DOI: 10.1111/his.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Establishing the mismatch repair (MMR) status of colorectal cancers is important to enable the detection of underlying Lynch syndrome and inform prognosis and therapy. Current testing typically involves either polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing or MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in a large, population-based cohort of stage 2 and 3 colon cancer cases in Northern Ireland. METHODS AND RESULTS The study used the Promega pentaplex assay to determine MSI status and a four-antibody MMR IHC panel. IHC was applied to tumour tissue microarrays with triplicate tumour sampling, and assessed manually. Of 593 cases with available MSI and MMR IHC results, 136 (22.9%) were MSI-high (MSI-H) and 135 (22.8%) showed abnormal MMR IHC. Concordance was extremely high, with 97.1% of MSI-H cases showing abnormal MMR IHC, and 97.8% of cases with abnormal IHC showing MSI-H status. Under-representation of tumour epithelial cells in samples from heavily inflamed tumours resulted in misclassification of several cases with abnormal MMR IHC as microsatellite-stable. MMR IHC revealed rare cases with unusual patterns of MMR protein expression, unusual combinations of expression loss, or secondary clonal loss of expression, as further illustrated by repeat immunostaining on whole tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS MSI PCR testing and MMR IHC can be considered to be equally proficient tests for establishing MMR/MSI status, when there is awareness of the potential pitfalls of either method. The choice of methodology may depend on available services and expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice B Loughrey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jason McGrath
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Edinburgh Pathology/Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Perry Maxwell
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Claire McGready
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Conway C, Collins DM, McCann A, Dean K. Research Strategies for Low-Survival Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:528. [PMID: 33573275 PMCID: PMC7866553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While substantial progress has been made to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and survivorship of patients with cancer, certain cancer types, along with metastatic and refractory disease, remain clinical challenges. To improve patient outcomes, ultimately, the cancer research community must meet and overcome these challenges, leading to improved approaches to treat the most difficult cancers. Here, we discuss research progress aimed at gaining a better understanding of the molecular and cellular changes in tumor cells and the surrounding stroma, presented at the 56th Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) Annual Conference. With a focus on poor prognosis cancers, such as esophageal and chemo-resistant colorectal cancers, we highlight how detailed molecular knowledge of tumor and stromal biology can provide windows of opportunity for biomarker discovery and therapeutic targets. Even with previously characterized targets, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), one of the most altered proteins in all human cancers, new insights into how this protein may be more effectively inhibited through novel combination therapies is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Conway
- Genomics Core Facility, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Denis M. Collins
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland;
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCD School of Medicine College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Kellie Dean
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 3.91 Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Humphries M, Maxwell P, Salto-Tellez M. QuPath: The global impact of an open source digital pathology system. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:852-859. [PMID: 33598100 PMCID: PMC7851421 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
QuPath, originally created at the Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology at Queen's University Belfast as part of a research programme in digital pathology (DP) funded by Invest Northern Ireland and Cancer Research UK, is arguably the most wildly used image analysis software program in the world. On the back of the explosion of DP and a need to comprehensively visualise and analyse whole slides images (WSI), QuPath was developed to address the many needs associated with tissue based image analysis; these were several fold and, predominantly, translational in nature: from the requirement to visualise images containing billions of pixels from files several GBs in size, to the demand for high-throughput reproducible analysis, which the paradigm of routine visual pathological assessment continues to struggle to deliver. Resultantly, large-scale biomarker quantification must increasingly be augmented with DP. Here we highlight the impact of the open source Quantitative Pathology & Bioimage Analysis DP system since its inception, by discussing the scope of scientific research in which QuPath has been cited, as the system of choice for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - P. Maxwell
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - M. Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Integrated Pathology Programme, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Juarez D, Fruman DA. Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:525-540. [PMID: 33358111 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate synthesis inhibitors, statins, are mainstay therapeutics for cholesterol management and cardiovascular health. Thirty years of research have uncovered supportive roles for the mevalonate pathway in numerous cellular processes that support oncogenesis, most recently macropinocytosis. Central to the diverse mechanisms of statin sensitivity is an acquired dependence on one mevalonate pathway output, protein geranylgeranylation. New chemical prenylation probes and the discovery of a novel geranylgeranyl transferase hold promise to deepen our understanding of statin mechanisms of action. Further, insights into statin selection and the counterproductive role of dietary geranylgeraniol highlight how we should assess statins in the clinic. Lastly, rational combination strategies preview how statins will enter the oncology toolbox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Juarez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van Ly D, Wang D, Conway RM, Giblin M, Liang S, Lukeis R, Lim LA, Hesson L, Cherepanoff S. Lipid-Producing Ciliochoroidal Melanoma with Expression of HMG-CoA Reductase. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:416-421. [PMID: 33447591 DOI: 10.1159/000510393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the commonest primary intraocular malignancy in adults. There is limited published data on lipid production in UM. Here, we describe the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings in a ciliochoroidal melanoma with lipid production and expression of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. This case highlights an unusual UM tumour phenotype with a high-risk molecular metastatic profile and discusses tumour lipogenesis and activation of the mevalonate pathway as a potential therapeutic target in managing lipidised ciliochoroidal UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Van Ly
- Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duo Wang
- Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Max Conway
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sharron Liang
- Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn Lukeis
- Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li-Anne Lim
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Hesson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue L, Qi H, Zhang H, Ding L, Huang Q, Zhao D, Wu BJ, Li X. Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32974183 PMCID: PMC7472741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, mainly regulates genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis. SREBP-2 binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SREs) in the promoters of its target genes and activates the transcription of mevalonate pathway genes, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase and other key enzymes. In this review, we first summarized the structure of SREBP-2 and its activation and regulation by multiple signaling pathways. We then found that SREBP-2 and its regulated enzymes, including HMGCR, FPPS, SQS, and DHCR4 from the mevalonate pathway, participate in the progression of various cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and hepatocellular cancer, as potential targets. Importantly, preclinical and clinical research demonstrated that fatostatin, statins, and N-BPs targeting SREBP-2, HMGCR, and FPPS, respectively, alone or in combination with other drugs, have been used for the treatment of different cancers. This review summarizes new insights into the critical role of the SREBP-2-regulated mevalonate pathway for cancer and its potential for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Xue
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao C, Wei J, Tang T, Huang Z. Role of microRNA-33a in malignant cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2537-2556. [PMID: 32782572 PMCID: PMC7399786 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes most of the mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant increase in incidence during recent years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are non-coding small RNAs capable of regulating gene expression. They regulate crucial cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, metastasis and apoptosis. Therefore, abnormal miRNA expression is associated with multiple diseases, including cancer. There are two types of cancer-associated miRNAs, oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs, depending on their roles and expression patterns in cancer. Accordingly, miRNAs are considered to be targets for cancer prevention and treatment. miR-33a controls cellular cholesterol uptake and synthesis, which are both closely associated with carcinogenesis. The present review thoroughly describes the roles of miR-33a in more than a dozen types of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, the present review may serve as a guide for researchers studying the involvement of miR-33a in diverse cancer settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jiaen Wei
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tabuso M, Christian M, Kimani PK, Gopalakrishnan K, Arasaradnam RP. KRAS Status is Associated with Metabolic Parameters in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer According to Primary Tumour Location. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2537-2548. [PMID: 32594310 PMCID: PMC7471139 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by complex interplay between macroenvironmental factors and tumour microenvironment, leading to variable outcomes in CRC patients. To date, there is still a need to identify macroenvironment/microenvironment factors that could define subgroup of patients that would benefit from specific anti-cancer treatment in order to improve patient selection for individualized targeted-based therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate associations between metabolic parameters and KRAS status in metastatic CRC (mCRC) according to a new tumour site classification. Retrospective data were extracted from a total of 201 patients diagnosed with mCRC between 2012 and 2017 extracted from an established CRC database at our tertiary institute. Clinical-pathological data, including age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, pre-CRC diagnosis serum lipid levels and KRAS status were recorded. Categorical characteristics were compared using chi-squared test. Continuous characteristics were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Log rank test was used to compare hazards for survival. In all comparisons, a two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 201 patients, 170 patients with complete serum lipid profile were included in the analysis. In recto-sigmoid cancers there was a statistically significant association between high cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein (chol:HDL) ratio and KRAS mutation (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.1–6.4, p = 0,02). In non recto-sigmoid cancers, high cholesterol was associated with KRAS WT (OR 0.39, CI 0.15–0.97, p = 0.04). In 22 patients with KRAS mutated recto-sigmoid cancer stage IV at diagnosis normal chol:HDL ratio was associated with a trend to better survival (p = 0.06). High chol:HDL ratio was significantly associated with KRAS mutated metastatic recto-sigmoid cancers. A subgroup of mCRC patients with KRAS mutated recto-sigmoid cancer may benefit from optimal lipid lowering treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tabuso
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - M Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - P K Kimani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - K Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - R P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,The University of Warwick, School of life Sciences, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Coventry, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5BF, UK.,University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tan WCC, Nerurkar SN, Cai HY, Ng HHM, Wu D, Wee YTF, Lim JCT, Yeong J, Lim TKH. Overview of multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence techniques in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:135-153. [PMID: 32301585 PMCID: PMC7170662 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue pathology. However, this technique is associated with a number of limitations, including high inter-observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue section. This review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition, cellular functional and cell-cell interactions. Among these techniques, multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) has emerged to be particularly promising. mIHC/IF provides high-throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible, efficient and cost-effective tissue studies. This technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice, particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang Colin Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore169856Singapore
| | | | - Hai Yun Cai
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore169856Singapore
| | - Harry Ho Man Ng
- Department of Anatomical PathologySingapore General HospitalSingapore169856Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore169856Singapore
| | - Duoduo Wu
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore169856Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Felicia Wee
- Department of Anatomical PathologySingapore General HospitalSingapore169856Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore169856Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical PathologySingapore General HospitalSingapore169856Singapore
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore169856Singapore
- Singapore Immunology NetworkAgency of Science (SIgN)Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore169856Singapore
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical PathologySingapore General HospitalSingapore169856Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
Collapse
|
26
|
Snaebjornsson MT, Janaki-Raman S, Schulze A. Greasing the Wheels of the Cancer Machine: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cell Metab 2020; 31:62-76. [PMID: 31813823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is among the most prominent metabolic alterations in cancer. Enhanced synthesis or uptake of lipids contributes to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Lipids are a highly complex group of biomolecules that not only constitute the structural basis of biological membranes but also function as signaling molecules and an energy source. Here, we summarize recent evidence implicating altered lipid metabolism in different aspects of the cancer phenotype and discuss potential strategies by which targeting lipid metabolism could provide a therapeutic window for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marteinn Thor Snaebjornsson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sudha Janaki-Raman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Almut Schulze
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, He X, Ding Y, Chen H, Sun L. Statin uses and mortality in colorectal cancer patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3305-3313. [PMID: 31069997 PMCID: PMC6558478 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common types of cancer and a leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies indicated that statins may have a potential protective effect on CRC. METHODS We conducted this meta-analysis to systematically assess the overall and cancer-specific survival benefit of statin uses on CRC patients. Related references were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS from inception to August 2017. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were adopted to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), using a random-effects model. RESULTS Total fourteen studies involving 130 994 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Six studies reported the association between pre-diagnosis statin uses and CRC mortality, while 11 studies investigated mortality in patients using statins after CRC diagnosis. For pre-diagnosis statin uses, the pooled HR of all-cause mortality (ACM) was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.92) and the pooled HR of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.86). In terms of post-diagnosis statin uses, the pooled HR of ACM was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.76-0.98), and the pooled HR of CSM was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.89). For post-diagnosis statin uses, there is no difference in ACM when stratified by KRAS gene (KRAS) mutation status. Results of ACM and CSM did not markedly alter in other subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrates that both pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis statin uses are associated with reduced ACM and CSM for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu'e Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leimin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis and Its Treatment on Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 2019:6527457. [PMID: 31139216 PMCID: PMC6500664 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6527457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic findings on the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have been inconsistent and have not been previously studied in an Arab population such as the Omani population. Patients and Methods Data from the hospital records of 301 CRC patients treated in Sultan Qaboos University (SQUH), Oman, from 2006 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively to determine the effects of MetS and its treatment on CRC survival. Overall survival (OS) by MetS status and by medications for MetS components management was compared with Cox proportional models. Results Of the 301 patients, 76 (25.2%) had MetS, 20.3% were on insulin, 23.9% were on metformin, 25.6% took statins, 17.9% were on either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Whereas metformin (HR, 0.46, 95% CI, 0.25-0.84) and statins (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96) had a protective effect on OS, insulin (HR 1.73, 95% CI, 1.02-2.97) had a detrimental effect. In subgroup analysis of diabetic subjects, a nonsignificant improvement in OS was observed in the metformin treated patients compared to those on other hypoglycemic agents (HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.55-1.55). Neither MetS nor antihypertensive drugs had any apparent effect on OS. Conclusions Our result suggests that, among CRC patients with MetS, taking metformin and statins may improve overall survival, whereas being on insulin may negatively impact CRC prognosis. Further studies are warranted to determine the exact mechanism through which metformin, statins, and insulin exert their effects on CRC survival.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bowles EJA, Yu O, Ziebell R, Chen L, Boudreau DM, Ritzwoller DP, Hubbard RA, Boggs JM, Burnett-Hartman AN, Sterrett A, Fujii M, Chubak J. Cardiovascular medication use and risks of colon cancer recurrences and additional cancer events: a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 30917783 PMCID: PMC6437861 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular medications may be associated with cancer development, but little is known about their association with cancer recurrence. Medications such as statins and antihypertensives may be commonly used among colon cancer survivors, who are, on average, diagnosed in their mid-60s. We described the associations between statins and antihypertensive medications and colon cancer recurrence in a large, population-based study. Methods We conducted a cohort study among adults with stage I-IIIA colon cancer diagnosed in 1995–2014 in two Kaiser Permanente regions, Colorado and Washington. Statin and antihypertensive use were obtained from electronic pharmacy dispensing data. People were classified as medication users on the date of their first dispensing after cohort entry, which started 90 days after completing cancer treatment, continuing through the earliest of death, health plan disenrollment, or chart abstraction. We collected outcome information from medical record abstraction and tumor registries on colon cancer recurrences and second primary cancers. Using Cox proportional hazards multivariable models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colon cancer recurrences and any cancer event (recurrences and new primaries at any anatomic site) comparing medication users to non-users. Results Among 2039 people, 937 (46%) used statins and 1425 (70%) used antihypertensives at any point during a median of 4.9 years of follow-up; 460 people had any additional cancer event, including 152 with a colon cancer recurrence. Statin use was not associated with colon cancer recurrence (HR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.65–1.85) or any cancer event (HR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.85–1.47), nor was antihypertensive use associated with recurrence (HR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.44–1.21) or any cancer event (HR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.70–1.24). Conclusions Our results suggest no association between cardiovascular medication use and the risk of recurrence or any additional cancer, and may provide reassurance to colon cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin J A Bowles
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Onchee Yu
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Rebecca Ziebell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Denise M Boudreau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Debra P Ritzwoller
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research, 2550 S Parker Rd Suite 200, Aurora, Colorado, 80014, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 604 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer M Boggs
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research, 2550 S Parker Rd Suite 200, Aurora, Colorado, 80014, USA
| | - Andrea N Burnett-Hartman
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research, 2550 S Parker Rd Suite 200, Aurora, Colorado, 80014, USA
| | - Andrew Sterrett
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research, 2550 S Parker Rd Suite 200, Aurora, Colorado, 80014, USA
| | - Monica Fujii
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Jessica Chubak
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Avenue, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Liu C, Hu L. Cholesterol regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer by modulating miR-33a-PIM3 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:685-692. [PMID: 30827510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and cholesterol has been confirmed for many years, but the mechanism was not very clear. miR-33a was important in cholesterol metabolism and was abnormally expressed in many tumors, thus our study hypothesized that cholesterol effect on CRC by regulating miR-33a and its target gene PIM3, and verify it by series of assay. From results of CCK8 and flow cytometry, we confirmed cholesterol can stimulate CRC cell proliferation, promote cell cycle progression and inhibit cell apoptosis. miR-33a and SREBP2 mRNA expression were inhibited by cholesterol, and when cells transfected with miR-33a mimics or inhibitor the effect of cholesterol appeared a significant difference than before. In addition, PIM3 showed up-regulation with cholesterol treatment, and it was proved to be the target gene of miR-33a by dual luciferase reporter assay, it modulated CRC cells proliferation and apoptosis by phosphorylating p27, p21 and Bad protein. Thus, it inferred that cholesterol can regulate CRC development by miR-33a-PIM3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Loughrey MB, Bankhead P, Coleman HG, Hagan RS, Craig S, McCorry AMB, Gray RT, McQuaid S, Dunne PD, Hamilton PW, James JA, Salto-Tellez M. Validation of the systematic scoring of immunohistochemically stained tumour tissue microarrays using QuPath digital image analysis. Histopathology 2018; 73:327-338. [PMID: 29575153 DOI: 10.1111/his.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Output from biomarker studies involving immunohistochemistry applied to tissue microarrays (TMA) is limited by the lack of an efficient and reproducible scoring methodology. In this study, we examine the functionality and reproducibility of biomarker scoring using the new, open-source, digital image analysis software, QuPath. METHODS AND RESULTS Three different reviewers, with varying experience of digital pathology and image analysis, applied an agreed QuPath scoring methodology to CD3 and p53 immunohistochemically stained TMAs from a colon cancer cohort (n = 661). Manual assessment was conducted by one reviewer for CD3. Survival analyses were conducted and intra- and interobserver reproducibility assessed. Median raw scores differed significantly between reviewers, but this had little impact on subsequent analyses. Lower CD3 scores were detected in cases who died from colorectal cancer compared to control cases, and this finding was significant for all three reviewers (P-value range = 0.002-0.02). Higher median p53 scores were generated among cases who died from colorectal cancer compared with controls (P-value range = 0.04-0.12). The ability to dichomotise cases into high versus low expression of CD3 and p53 showed excellent agreement between all three reviewers (kappa score range = 0.82-0.93). All three reviewers produced dichotomised expression scores that resulted in very similar hazard ratios for colorectal cancer-specific survival for each biomarker. Results from manual and QuPath methods of CD3 scoring were comparable, but QuPath scoring revealed stronger prognostic stratification. CONCLUSIONS Scoring of immunohistochemically stained tumour TMAs using QuPath is functional and reproducible, even among users of limited experience of digital pathology images, and more accurate than manual scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice B Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan S Hagan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie Craig
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amy M B McCorry
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ronan T Gray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Philips Digital Pathology Solutions, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou M, Zheng J, Bi J, Wu X, Lyu J, Gao K. Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by a combination of atorvastatin and phloretin. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1985-1992. [PMID: 29399200 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATST), a drug commonly used to reduce the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, is a prospective agent for the prevention of colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia. ATST in combination with functional components is a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, the growth inhibitory effect of ATST combined with phloretin (PT) on SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cells was investigated. The results of MTT assays indicated that the combination of PT and ATST markedly reduced cell survival in both cell lines compared with PT or ATST treatment administered individually. The interaction indexes between PT and ATST, which were used to analyze their interaction pattern, were computed by the median-effect equation. The interaction indexes of each PT and ATST concentration pair were <1.0, which indicated a strong synergistic effect between the two compounds. The data obtained by flow cytometry and western blot analysis of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase indicated a synergistic effect resulted in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. Furthermore, combined treatment with PT and ATST markedly downregulated the expression of cyclin B and upregulated the expression of phospho-cdc2 and Myt1, which suggested that the activation of cdc2 was downregulated. This combined treatment strategy enhanced the anti-cancer activity of ATST at a relatively low dosage and suggested a possible method of preventing colorectal cancer in patients with hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu L, Nevo D, Nishihara R, Cao Y, Song M, Twombly TS, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, VanderWeele TJ, Wang M, Ogino S. Utility of inverse probability weighting in molecular pathological epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 33:381-392. [PMID: 29264788 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As one of causal inference methodologies, the inverse probability weighting (IPW) method has been utilized to address confounding and account for missing data when subjects with missing data cannot be included in a primary analysis. The transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) integrates molecular pathological and epidemiological methods, and takes advantages of improved understanding of pathogenesis to generate stronger biological evidence of causality and optimize strategies for precision medicine and prevention. Disease subtyping based on biomarker analysis of biospecimens is essential in MPE research. However, there are nearly always cases that lack subtype information due to the unavailability or insufficiency of biospecimens. To address this missing subtype data issue, we incorporated inverse probability weights into Cox proportional cause-specific hazards regression. The weight was inverse of the probability of biomarker data availability estimated based on a model for biomarker data availability status. The strategy was illustrated in two example studies; each assessed alcohol intake or family history of colorectal cancer in relation to the risk of developing colorectal carcinoma subtypes classified by tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) status, using a prospective cohort study, the Nurses' Health Study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of MSI data availability for each cancer case with covariates of clinical features and family history of colorectal cancer. This application of IPW can reduce selection bias caused by nonrandom variation in biospecimen data availability. The integration of causal inference methods into the MPE approach will likely have substantial potentials to advance the field of epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Nevo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|