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Li X, Zhang F, Zhou H, Hu Y, Guo D, Fang X, Chen Y. Interplay of TNF-α, soluble TNF receptors and oxidative stress in coronary chronic total occlusion of the oldest patients with coronary heart disease. Cytokine 2020; 125:154836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodríguez-Lara SQ, García-Benavides L, Miranda-Díaz AG. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System as a Therapeutic Target in Late Injury Caused by Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3614303. [PMID: 29849615 PMCID: PMC5904808 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3614303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-known phenomenon that involves different pathophysiological processes. Connection in diverse systems of survival brings about cellular dysfunction or even apoptosis. One of the survival systems of the cells, to the assault caused by ischemia, is the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (also known as an axis), which is focused on activating diverse signaling pathways to favor adaptation to the decrease in metabolic supports caused by the hypoxia. In trying to adapt to the I/R event, great changes occur that unchain cellular dysfunction with the capacity to lead to cell death, which translates into a poor prognosis due to the progression of dysfunction of the cellular activity. The search for the understanding of the diverse therapeutic alternatives in molecular coupling could favor the prognosis and evolution of patients who are subject to the I/R process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Quetzalcóatl Rodríguez-Lara
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- University of Guadalajara, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Centre, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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Csanova A, Hlavacova N, Hasiec M, Pokusa M, Prokopova B, Jezova D. β 3-Adrenergic receptors, adipokines and neuroendocrine activation during stress induced by repeated immune challenge in male and female rats. Stress 2017; 20:294-302. [PMID: 28412873 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1320387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hypothesis of the study is that stress associated with repeated immune challenge has an impact on β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with increasing doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for five consecutive days. LPS treatment was associated with body weight loss and increased anxiety-like behavior. In LPS-treated animals of both sexes, β3-receptor gene expression was increased in the prefrontal cortex but not the hippocampus. LPS treatment decreased β3-receptor gene expression in white adipose tissue with higher values in males compared to females. In the adipose tissue, LPS reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, leptin and adiponectin gene expression, but increased interleukin-6 expression, irrespective of sex. Repeated immune challenge resulted in increased concentrations of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone with higher values of corticosterone in females compared to males. Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in plasma were unaffected by LPS, while DHEA levels in the frontal cortex were lower in the LPS-treated animals compared to the controls. Thus, changes of DHEA levels in the brain take place irrespective of the changes of this neurosteroid in plasma. We have provided the first evidence on stress-induced increase in β3-adrenergic receptor gene expression in the brain. Greater reduction of β3-adrenergic receptor expression in the adipose tissue and of the body weight gain by repeated immune challenge in male than in female rats suggests sex differences in the role of β3-adrenergic receptors in the metabolic functions. LPS-induced changes in adipose tissue regulatory factors and hormone concentrations might be important for coping with chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnesa Csanova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Malgorzata Hasiec
- b The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences , Jablonna , Poland
| | - Michal Pokusa
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Prokopova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University in Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Jezova
- a Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Mayyas F, Alzoubi KH, Bonyan R. The role of spironolactone on myocardial oxidative stress in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 35. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - Ruwidah Bonyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
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Fazal L, Azibani F, Vodovar N, Cohen Solal A, Delcayre C, Samuel JL. Effects of biological sex on the pathophysiology of the heart. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:555-66. [PMID: 23763376 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in men and women in industrialized countries. While the effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known, the sex-specific mechanisms mediating these processes have been further elucidated over recent years. This review aims at analysing the sex-based differences in cardiac structure and function in adult mammals, and the sex-based differences in the main molecular mechanisms involved in the response of the heart to pathological situations. It emerged from this review that the sex-based difference is a variable that should be dealt with, not only in basic science or clinical research, but also with regards to therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubina Fazal
- UMR-S 942, Inserm, Paris, France; University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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Cherney DZI, Montanari A. Gender, clamped hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Hypertens 2013; 36:187-93. [PMID: 24164216 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.804543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) reduces female gender-mediated protection against the development of renal disease possibly through effects on hyperglycemia. Women with DM also exhibit increased arterial stiffness, which may promote renal disease progression. The mechanisms responsible for increased arterial stiffness in women and the possible role of acute changes in ambient glycemia remain unknown. METHODS Blood pressure, augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and circulating mediators of the renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide (cGMP) were measured in men (n = 22) and women (n = 19) with uncomplicated type 1 DM under clamped euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. RESULTS At baseline, men exhibited higher levels of angiotensin II (p = 0.030) and lower cGMP levels (p = 0.004), higher systolic blood pressure (124 ± 2 versus 109 ± 2 mmHg, p < 0.0001) and pulse pressure (42 ± 2 versus 58 ± 2 beats per minute, p < 0.0001). For arterial stiffness, radial (-8.0 ± 2.6% versus +5.4 ± 3.7%, p < 0.0001) and carotid AIx (-4.7 ± 2.9 versus +12.5 ± 3.0, p < 0.0001) were lower in men versus women. In contrast, carotid-femoral PWV was similar in men and women (5.20 ± 0.30 versus 5.13 ± 0.17, respectively, p = 0.853). In response to clamped hyperglycemia, systolic blood pressure increased in women (109 ± 2 to 112 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.005) but not men. Serum aldosterone increased and cGMP declined in women but not in men. Clamped hyperglycemia did not influence arterial stiffness in either group and radial and carotid AIx remained higher in women. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffness is higher in women with type 1 DM. This effect is not dependent on the effects of clamped hyperglycemia or neurohormonal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto , Canada and
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite recent medical advances, cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF) continue to be major health concerns, and related mortality remains high. As a result, investigation of the mechanisms involved in the development of HF continues to be an active field of study. RECENT ADVANCES The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its effector molecule, angiotensin (Ang) II, affect cardiac function through both systemic and local actions, and have been shown to play a major role in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in the failing heart. Many of the downstream effects of AngII signaling are mediated by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which have also been implicated in the pathology of HF. CRITICAL ISSUES Inhibitors of the RAS have proven beneficial in the treatment of patients at risk for and suffering from HF, but remain only partially effective. ROS can be generated from several different sources, and the oxidative state is normally tightly regulated in the heart. How AngII increases ROS levels and causes dysregulation of the cardiac oxidative state has been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of this process and the mechanisms involved should lead to the development of more effective HF therapies and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , Newark, New Jersey
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Beygui F, Labbé JP, Cayla G, Ennezat PV, Motreff P, Roubille F, Silvain J, Barthélémy O, Delarche N, Van Belle E, Collet JP, Montalescot G. Early mineralocorticoid receptor blockade in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction is associated with a reduction of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Biary N, Xie C, Kauffman J, Akar FG. Biophysical properties and functional consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release in intact myocardium. J Physiol 2011; 589:5167-79. [PMID: 21825030 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release (RIRR) is a fundamental mechanism by which cardiac mitochondria respond to elevated ROS levels by stimulating endogenous ROS production in a regenerative, autocatalytic process that ultimately results in global oxidative stress (OS), cellular dysfunction and death. Despite elegant studies describing the phenomenon of RIRR under artificial conditions such as photo-induced oxidation of discrete regions within cardiomyocytes, the existence, biophysical properties and functional consequences of RIRR in intact myocardium remain unclear. Here, we used a semi-quantitative approach of optical superoxide (O(2)(-)) mapping using dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence to explore RIRR, its arrhythmic consequences and underlying mechanisms in intact myocardium. Initially, perfusion of rat hearts with 200 μM H(2)O(2) for 40 min (n = 4) elicited two distinct O(2)(-) peaks that were readily distinguished by their timing and amplitude. The first peak (P1), which was generated rapidly (within 5-8 min of H(2)O(2) perfusion) was associated with a relatively limited (10 ± 2%) rise in normalized O(2)(-) levels relative to baseline. In contrast, the second peak (P2) occurred 19-26 min following onset of H(2)O(2) perfusion and was associated with a significantly greater amplitude compared to P1. Spatio-temporal ROS mapping during P2 revealed active O(2)(-) propagation across the myocardium at a velocity of ~20 μm s(-1). Exposure of hearts (n = 18) to a short (10 min) episode of H(2)O(2) perfusion revealed consistent generation of P2 by high (≥200 μM, 8/8) but not lower (≤100 μM, 3/8) H(2)O(2) concentrations (P < 0.03). In these hearts, onset of P2 occurred following, not during, the 10 min OS protocol, consistent with RIRR. Importantly, P2 (+) hearts exhibited a markedly greater (by 3.8-fold, P < 0.001) arrhythmia score compared to P2 (-) hearts. To explore the mechanism underlying RIRR in intact myocardium, hearts were perfused with either cyclosporin A (CsA) or 4-chlorodiazepam (4-Cl-DZP) to inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or the inner membrane anion channel (IMAC), respectively. Surprisingly, perfusion with CsA failed to suppress (P = 0.75, n.s.) or even delay H(2)O(2)-induced P2 or the incidence of arrhythmias compared to untreated hearts. In sharp contrast, perfusion with 4-Cl-DZP markedly blunted O(2)(-) levels during P2, and suppressed the incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Finally, perfusion of hearts with the synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-134 completely abolished the H(2)O(2)-mediated RIRR response as well as the incidence of arrhythmias. These findings extend the concept of RIRR to the level of the intact heart, establish regenerative O(2)(-) production as the mediator of RIRR-related arrhythmias and reveal their strong dependence on IMAC and not the mPTP in this acute model of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Biary
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Roumen L, Peeters JW, Emmen JMA, Beugels IPE, Custers EMG, de Gooyer M, Plate R, Pieterse K, Hilbers PAJ, Smits JFM, Vekemans JAJ, Leysen D, Ottenheijm HCJ, Janssen HM, Hermans JJR. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of 1-benzyl-1H-imidazoles as selective inhibitors of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). J Med Chem 2010; 53:1712-25. [PMID: 20121113 DOI: 10.1021/jm901356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reducing aldosterone action is beneficial in various major diseases such as heart failure. Currently, this is achieved with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, however, aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors may offer a promising alternative. In this study, we used three-dimensional modeling of CYP11B2 to model the binding modes of the natural substrate 18-hydroxycorticosterone and the recently published CYP11B2 inhibitor R-fadrozole as a rational guide to design 44 structurally simple and achiral 1-benzyl-1H-imidazoles. Their syntheses, in vitro inhibitor potencies, and in silico docking are described. Some promising CYP11B2 inhibitors were identified, with our novel lead MOERAS115 (4-((5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile) displaying an IC(50) for CYP11B2 of 1.7 nM, and a CYP11B2 (versus CYP11B1) selectivity of 16.5, comparable to R-fadrozole (IC(50) for CYP11B2 6.0 nM, selectivity 19.8). Molecular docking of the inhibitors in the models enabled us to generate posthoc hypotheses on their binding modes, providing a valuable basis for future studies and further design of CYP11B2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Roumen
- BioModeling and bioInformatics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Benard L, Milliez P, Ambroisine ML, Messaoudi S, Samuel JL, Delcayre C. Effects of aldosterone on coronary function. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:58-66. [PMID: 19307693 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the effects of aldosterone and its mechanisms has increased substantially in recent years, probably because of the importance of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in several major cardiovascular diseases. Recent clinical studies have confirmed the benefits of MR antagonists in patients with heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, hypertension or diabetic nephropathy. However, it would be a gross oversimplification to conclude that the role of aldosterone is unequivocally negative. Aldosterone is synthesized in the adrenal glands and binds to specific MRs in target epithelial cells. The steroid-receptor complex penetrates the cell nucleus where it modulates gene expression and activates specific aldosterone-induced proteins that control sodium reabsorption. Recent studies have shown that aldosterone also impacts a wide range of non-epithelial tissues such as the heart and blood vessels. Remarkably, aldosterone can also be synthesized in extra-adrenal tissues and it may act in a rapid non-genomic manner.We note the existence of glucocorticoids that exhibit plasma concentrations much higher than those of aldosterone and that are structurally very similar to aldosterone. It is thus possible that glucocorticoids may bind to the aldosterone receptor in some cell types. Diverse experimental models and several strains of transgenic mice have allowed us to better understand the effects of aldosterone on the heart. Specifically, it seems that a slight increase in cardiac aldosterone concentrations induces a decreased coronary reserve in mice by decreasing the BKCa potassium channels associated with coronary smooth muscle cells. Taken together, these experiments indicate that vascular cells are the primary targets of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system. The hormone directly affects NO and EDHF-mediated coronary relaxation. Both mechanisms may contribute to the deleterious cardiovascular effects of MR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Benard
- INSERM U942 and University Paris-Diderot, Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
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Thompson CM, Quinn CA, Hergenrother PJ. Total Synthesis and Cytoprotective Properties of Dykellic Acid. J Med Chem 2008; 52:117-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801169s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Catherine A. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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