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Fiorentino F, Fabbrizi E, Raucci A, Noce B, Fioravanti R, Valente S, Paolini C, De Maria R, Steinkühler C, Gallinari P, Rotili D, Mai A. Uracil- and Pyridine-Containing HDAC Inhibitors Displayed Cytotoxicity in Colorectal and Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300655. [PMID: 38529661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a niche of highly tumorigenic cells featuring self-renewal, activation of pluripotency genes, multidrug resistance, and ability to cause cancer relapse. Seven HDACi (1-7), showing either hydroxamate or 2'-aminoanilide function, were tested in colorectal cancer (CRC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) CSCs to determine their effects on cell proliferation, H3 acetylation levels and in-cell HDAC activity. Two uracil-based hydroxamates, 5 and 6, which differ in substitution at C5 and C6 positions of the pyrimidine ring, exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity in GBM (5) and CRC (6) CSCs, followed by the pyridine-hydroxamate 2, with 2- to 6-fold higher potency than the positive control SAHA. Finally, increased H3 acetylation as well as HDAC inhibition directly in cells by selected 2'-aminoanilide 4 and hydroxamate 5 confirmed target engagement. Further investigation will be conducted into the broad-spectrum anticancer properties of the most potent derivatives and their effects in combination with approved, conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Fabbrizi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Raucci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chantal Paolini
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Research and Development, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Paola Gallinari
- Exiris S.r.l., Tecnopolo Castel, Romano, Via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo, Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P. de Aldo Moro n. 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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2
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Castellani G, Buccarelli M, D'Alessandris QG, Ilari R, Cappannini A, Pedini F, Boe A, Lulli V, Parolini I, Giannetti S, Biffoni M, Zappavigna V, Marziali G, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. Extracellular vesicles produced by irradiated endothelial or Glioblastoma stem cells promote tumor growth and vascularization modulating tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:72. [PMID: 38347567 PMCID: PMC10863174 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adult, characterized by highly aggressive and infiltrative growth. The current therapeutic management of GBM includes surgical resection followed by ionizing radiations and chemotherapy. Complex and dynamic interplay between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment drives the progression and contributes to therapeutic resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules in the surrounding milieu modulating tumor microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we isolated by ultracentrifugation EVs from GBM stem-like cell (GSC) lines and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) exposed or not to ionizing irradiation. After counting and characterization, we evaluated the effects of exposure of GSCs to EVs isolated from endothelial cells and vice versa. The RNA content of EVs isolated from GSC lines and HMVECs exposed or not to ionizing irradiation, was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Periostin (POSTN) and Filamin-B (FLNB) emerged in gene set enrichment analysis as the most interesting transcripts enriched after irradiation in endothelial cell-derived EVs and GSC-derived EVs, respectively. POSTN and FLNB expression was modulated and the effects were analyzed by in vitro assays. RESULTS We confirmed that ionizing radiations increased EV secretion by GSCs and normal endothelial cells, affected the contents of and response to cellular secreted EVs. Particularly, GSC-derived EVs decreased radiation-induced senescence and promoted migration in HMVECs whereas, endothelial cell-derived EVs promoted tumorigenic properties and endothelial differentiation of GSCs. RNA-Seq analysis of EV content, identified FLNB and POSTN as transcripts enriched in EVs isolated after irradiation from GSCs and HMVECs, respectively. Assays performed on POSTN overexpressing GSCs confirmed the ability of POSTN to mimic the effects of endothelial cell-derived EVs on GSC migration and clonogenic abilities and transdifferentiation potential. Functional assays performed on HMVECs after silencing of FLNB supported its role as mediator of the effects of GSC-derived EVs on senescence and migration. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified POSTN and FLNB as potential mediators of the effects of EVs on GSC and HMVEC behavior confirming that EVs play a crucial role in the intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules in the surrounding milieu modulating tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institutes of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Ilari
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Human Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zappavigna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marziali
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Ah-Pine F, Khettab M, Bedoui Y, Slama Y, Daniel M, Doray B, Gasque P. On the origin and development of glioblastoma: multifaceted role of perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:104. [PMID: 37355636 PMCID: PMC10290416 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH wild-type is the most common and aggressive form of glial tumors. The exact mechanisms of glioblastoma oncogenesis, including the identification of the glioma-initiating cell, are yet to be discovered. Recent studies have led to the hypothesis that glioblastoma arises from neural stem cells and glial precursor cells and that cell lineage constitutes a key determinant of the glioblastoma molecular subtype. These findings brought significant advancement to the comprehension of gliomagenesis. However, the cellular origin of glioblastoma with mesenchymal molecular features remains elusive. Mesenchymal stromal cells emerge as potential glioblastoma-initiating cells, especially with regard to the mesenchymal molecular subtype. These fibroblast-like cells, which derive from the neural crest and reside in the perivascular niche, may underlie gliomagenesis and exert pro-tumoral effects within the tumor microenvironment. This review synthesizes the potential roles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the context of glioblastoma and provides novel research avenues to better understand this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - M. Khettab
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - Y. Bedoui
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de La Réunion sites SUD – Saint-Pierre, BP 350, 97448 Saint-Pierre Cedex, France
| | - Y. Slama
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - M. Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d’Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion - Site Félix Guyon, Allée Des Topazes CS 11 021, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - B. Doray
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Génétique, CHU de La Réunion - Site Félix Guyon, Allée Des Topazes CS 11 021, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - P. Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
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4
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Identification of Dysregulated microRNAs in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020350. [PMID: 36831894 PMCID: PMC9953941 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodal therapy, median survival is poor at 12-15 months. At the molecular level, radio-/chemoresistance and resulting tumor progression are attributed to a small fraction of tumor cells, termed glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These CD133-expressing, self-renewing cells display the properties of multi-lineage differentiation, resulting in the heterogenous composition of GBM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level can alter many pathways pivotal to cancer stem cell fate. This study explored changes in the miRNA expression profiles in patient-derived GSCs altered on differentiation into glial fiber acid protein (GFAP)-expressing, astrocytic tumor cells using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Initially, 22 miRNAs showed higher expression in GSCs and 9 miRNAs in differentiated cells. The two most downregulated miRNAs in differentiated GSCs were miR-17-5p and miR-425-5p, whilst the most upregulated miRNAs were miR-223-3p and let-7-5p. Among those, miR-425-5p showed the highest consistency in an upregulation in all three GSCs. By transfection of a 425-5p miRNA mimic, we demonstrated downregulation of the GFAP protein in differentiated patient-derived GBM cells, providing potential evidence for direct regulation of miRNAs in the GSC/GBM cell transition.
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5
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Ricci-Vitiani L. Glioblastoma-Specific Strategies of Vascularization: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Resistance. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101625. [PMID: 36294763 PMCID: PMC9604754 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been implicated as a crucial process in GBM growth and progression. GBM can adopt several strategies to build up its abundant and aberrant vasculature. Targeting GBM angiogenesis has gained more and more attention in anti-cancer therapy, and many strategies have been developed to interfere with this hallmark. However, recent findings reveal that the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments are temporally limited and that tumors become refractory to therapy and more aggressive. In this review, we summarize the GBM-associated neovascularization processes and their implication in drug resistance mechanisms underlying the transient efficacy of current anti-angiogenic therapies. Moreover, we describe potential strategies and perspectives to overcome the mechanisms adopted by GBM to develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy as new potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ceruti T, D’Alessandris QG, Frapolli R, Gopalakrishnan J, Buccarelli M, Meroni M, Lauretti L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Zucchetti M. Development and Validation of a HPLC–MS/MS Method to Measure Nifuroxazide and Its Application in Healthy and Glioblastoma-Bearing Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102071. [PMID: 36297506 PMCID: PMC9608191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nifuroxazide (NAZ), a nitrofuran derivative used to treat diarrhea, has been recently shown to possess anticancer activity. However, its pharmacokinetic profile is poorly known. The pharmacokinetic profile of NAZ was thus investigated in mice using a newly developed method based on high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). We determined the concentrations of NAZ in the plasma and brain tissue of mice treated with the drug. The method proved to be specific, reproducible, precise, and accurate. It also demonstrated high sensitivity, reaching an LOQ in the order of ppb for both matrices, using samples of 100 µL or 0.2 g. The new HPLC–MS/MS assay was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of NAZ after chronic intraperitoneal administration in mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg. One hour after treatment, plasma concentrations of NAZ were in the range of 336–2640 ng/mL. Moreover, unlike the brains of healthy mice or those with healed mechanical injuries, we found that NAZ was able to cross the injured blood–brain barrier of tumor-infiltrated brains. Thus, following i.p. administration, NAZ reaches systemic levels suitable for testing its efficacy in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Overall, these pharmacokinetic data provide robust evidence supporting the repositioning of NAZ as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Ceruti
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Frapolli
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Meroni
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
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7
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Rosa P, Scibetta S, Pepe G, Mangino G, Capocci L, Moons SJ, Boltje TJ, Fazi F, Petrozza V, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Calogero A. Polysialic Acid Sustains the Hypoxia-Induced Migration and Undifferentiated State of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179563. [PMID: 36076963 PMCID: PMC9455737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM, CNS WHO grade 4) is the most aggressive form of glioma and is characterized by extensive hypoxic areas that strongly correlate with tumor malignancy. Hypoxia promotes several processes, including stemness, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and radio- and chemoresistance, that have direct impacts on treatment failure. Thus, there is still an increasing need to identify novel targets to limit GBM relapse. Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate composed of a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acids, primarily attached to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM). It is considered an oncodevelopmental antigen that is re-expressed in various tumors. High levels of PSA-NCAM are associated with high-grade and poorly differentiated tumors. Here, we investigated the effect of PSA inhibition in GBM cells under low oxygen concentrations. Our main results highlight the way in which hypoxia stimulates polysialylation in U87-MG cells and in a GBM primary culture. By lowering PSA levels with the sialic acid analog, F-NANA, we also inhibited GBM cell migration and interfered with their differentiation influenced by the hypoxic microenvironment. Our findings suggest that PSA may represent a possible molecular target for the development of alternative pharmacological strategies to manage a devastating tumor like GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Scibetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Capocci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sam J. Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
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8
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Marques C, Unterkircher T, Kroon P, Oldrini B, Izzo A, Dramaretska Y, Ferrarese R, Kling E, Schnell O, Nelander S, Wagner EF, Bakiri L, Gargiulo G, Carro MS, Squatrito M. NF1 regulates mesenchymal glioblastoma plasticity and aggressiveness through the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1. eLife 2021; 10:e64846. [PMID: 34399888 PMCID: PMC8370767 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis underlying glioblastoma (GBM) heterogeneity and plasticity is not fully understood. Using transcriptomic data of human patient-derived brain tumor stem cell lines (BTSCs), classified based on GBM-intrinsic signatures, we identify the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1 as a key regulator of the mesenchymal (MES) subtype. We provide a mechanistic basis to the role of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1), a negative regulator of the RAS/MAPK pathway, in GBM mesenchymal transformation through the modulation of FOSL1 expression. Depletion of FOSL1 in NF1-mutant human BTSCs and Kras-mutant mouse neural stem cells results in loss of the mesenchymal gene signature and reduction in stem cell properties and in vivo tumorigenic potential. Our data demonstrate that FOSL1 controls GBM plasticity and aggressiveness in response to NF1 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Marques
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
| | | | - Paula Kroon
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
| | - Barbara Oldrini
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
| | - Annalisa Izzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yuliia Dramaretska
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Eva Kling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Sven Nelander
- Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, RudbecklaboratorietUppsalaSweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, RudbecklaboratorietUppsalaSweden
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development, and Disease Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Dermatology Department, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Genes, Development, and Disease Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | | | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
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9
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Buccarelli M, D'Alessandris QG, Matarrese P, Mollinari C, Signore M, Cappannini A, Martini M, D'Aliberti P, De Luca G, Pedini F, Boe A, Biffoni M, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. Elesclomol-induced increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species impairs glioblastoma stem-like cell survival and tumor growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:228. [PMID: 34253243 PMCID: PMC8273992 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis mainly due to recurrence and therapeutic resistance. It has been widely demonstrated that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with stem-like properties is responsible for tumor maintenance and progression. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that GSCs contribute to GBM-associated neovascularization processes, through different mechanisms including the transdifferentiation into GSC-derived endothelial cells (GdECs). Methods In order to identify druggable cancer-related pathways in GBM, we assessed the effect of a selection of 349 compounds on both GSCs and GdECs and we selected elesclomol (STA-4783) as the most effective agent in inducing cell death on both GSC and GdEC lines tested. Results Elesclomol has been already described to be a potent oxidative stress inducer. In depth investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying GSC and GdEC response to elesclomol, confirmed that this compound induces a strong increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both GSCs and GdECs ultimately leading to a non-apoptotic copper-dependent cell death. Moreover, combined in vitro treatment with elesclomol and the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) enhanced the cytotoxicity compared to TMZ alone. Finally, we used our experimental model of mouse brain xenografts to test the combination of elesclomol and TMZ and confirmed their efficacy in vivo. Conclusions Our results support further evaluation of therapeutics targeting oxidative stress such as elesclomol with the aim of satisfying the high unmet medical need in the management of GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02031-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mollinari
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Pathology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi D'Aliberti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Nowak B, Rogujski P, Janowski M, Lukomska B, Andrzejewska A. Mesenchymal stem cells in glioblastoma therapy and progression: How one cell does it all. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188582. [PMID: 34144129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most investigated and applied somatic stem cells in experimental therapies for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Moreover, as it was recently postulated, MSCs may demonstrate anti-tumor properties. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV central nervous system tumor with no available effective therapy and an inevitably fatal prognosis. Experimental studies utilizing MSCs in GBM treatment resulted in numerous controversies. Native MSCs were shown to exert anti-GBM activity by controlling angiogenesis, regulating cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. They also were used as sensitizing factors and vehicles delivering various anti-cancer compounds. On the other hand, some experiments revealed significant risks related to MSC-based therapies for GBM, such as enhancement of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and aggressiveness. The following review elaborates on all mentioned contradictory data and provides a realistic, current clinical perspective on MSCs' potential in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland; Neurosurgery Department, John Paul II Western Hospital, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Di Giuseppe F, Carluccio M, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, De Sanctis P, Di Pietro R, Ciccarelli R, Angelucci S. Proteomic Characterization of Two Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes Isolated from Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Secretome by Sequential Centrifugal Ultrafiltration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020146. [PMID: 33546239 PMCID: PMC7913340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from tumor cells are actively investigated, since molecules therein contained and likely transferred to neighboring cells, supplying them with oncogenic information/functions, may represent cancer biomarkers and/or druggable targets. Here, we characterized by a proteomic point of view two EV subtypes isolated by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration technique from culture medium of glioblastoma (GBM)-derived stem-like cells (GSCs) obtained from surgical specimens of human GBM, the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. Electron microscopy and western blot analysis distinguished them into microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos). Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI TOF analysis allowed us to identify, besides a common pool, sets of proteins specific for each EV subtypes with peculiar differences in their molecular/biological functions. Such a diversity was confirmed by identification of some top proteins selected in MVs and Exos. They were mainly chaperone or metabolic enzymes in MVs, whereas, in Exos, molecules are involved in cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration/aggressiveness, and chemotherapy resistance. These proteins, identified by EVs from primary GSCs and not GBM cell lines, could be regarded as new possible prognostic markers/druggable targets of the human tumor, although data need to be confirmed in EVs isolated from a greater GSC number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo De Sanctis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871541482
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Mahari A, Heidarifard M, Parnianfard N, Pourmousavi-Kh L, Rahbarghazi R, Amoozgar Z. NK cells-directed therapies target circulating tumor cells and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:41-53. [PMID: 32987138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Invasive primary cancers often metastasize after circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enter the bloodstream or lymph node to colonize adjacent tissue or distant anatomical locations. CTCs interact with immune cells and metastatic microenvironments, survival signaling, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Among immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells can, directly and indirectly, interact with CTCs to control cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive NK cells mediated recognition and elimination of CTCs may pave the way for a new generation of anti-CTC molecularly targeted immunotherapies. In this review, we will discuss i) the role of CTCs in metastases, ii) CTCs in the context of the tumor microenvironment, iii) CTCs immune escape, and finally, iv) the potentials of NK cell-based therapies alone, or in combination with nanomedicine for targeted-immunotherapies of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Parnianfard
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Pourmousavi-Kh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Esposito CL, Nuzzo S, Ibba ML, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Condorelli G, Catuogno S, de Franciscis V. Combined Targeting of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells by Neutralizing RNA-Bio-Drugs for STAT3. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061434. [PMID: 32486489 PMCID: PMC7352497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An important drawback in the management of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is the frequent relapse upon surgery and therapy. A likely explanation is that conventional therapies poorly affect a small population of stem-like cancer cells (glioblastoma stem cells, GSCs) that remain capable of repopulating the tumour mass. Indeed, the development of therapeutic strategies able to hit GSCs while reducing the tumour burden has become an important challenge to increase a patient’s survival. The signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) has been reported to play a pivotal role in maintaining the tumour initiating capacity of the GSC population. Therefore, in order to impair the renewal and propagation of the PDGFRβ-expressing GSC population, here we took advantage of the aptamer–siRNA chimera (AsiC), named Gint4.T-STAT3, that we previously have shown to efficiently antagonize STAT3 in subcutaneous PDGFRβ-positive GBM xenografts. We demonstrate that the aptamer conjugate is able to effectively and specifically prevent patient-derived GSC function and expansion. Moreover, because of the therapeutic potential of using miR-10b inhibitors and of the broad expression of the Axl receptor in GBM, we used the GL21.T anti-Axl aptamer as the targeting moiety for anti-miR-10b, showing that, in combination with the STAT3 AsiC, the aptamer–miR-10b antagonist treatment further enhances the inhibition of GSC sphere formation. Our results highlight the potential to use a combined approach with targeted RNA therapeutics to inhibit GBM tumour dissemination and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lucia Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.L.E.); (V.d.F.); Tel.: +39-0813722343 (C.L.E. & V.d.F.)
| | - Silvia Nuzzo
- IRCCS SDN (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, SYNLAB istituto di Diagnostica Nucleare), 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Luigia Ibba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.I.); (G.C.)
- IRCCS Neuromed (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed)—Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vittorio de Franciscis
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.L.E.); (V.d.F.); Tel.: +39-0813722343 (C.L.E. & V.d.F.)
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14
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Liu W, Lin J, Chou Y, Li M, Tsai J. CD44-associated radioresistance of glioblastoma in irradiated brain areas with optimal tumor coverage. Cancer Med 2020; 9:350-360. [PMID: 31746135 PMCID: PMC6943151 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) requires radiotherapy (RT) as its definitive management. However, GBM still has a high local recurrence rate even after RT. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) might enable GBM to evade irradiation damage and cause therapeutic failure. The optimal RT plan should achieve a planning target volume (PTV) coverage of more than 95% but cannot always meet the requirements. Here, we demonstrate that irradiation with different tumor coverage rates to different brain areas has similar effects on GBM. To retrospectively analyze the relationship between PTV coverage and the survival rate in 26 malignant glioblastoma patients, we established primary cell lines from patient-derived malignant glioblastoma cells with the PTV95 (PTV coverage of more than 95%) program (GBM-MG1 cells) and the Non-PTV95 (poor PTV coverage of less than 95%) program (GBM-MG2 cells). The clinical results of PTV95 and Non-PTV95 showed no difference in the overall survival (OS) rate (P = .390) between the two different levels of PTV coverage. GBM-MG1 (PTV95 program) cells exhibited higher radioresistance than GBM-MG2 (Non-PTV95 program) cells. CD44 promotes radioresistance, CSC properties, angiogenesis and cell proliferation in GBM-MG1 (PTV95 program) cells. GBM patients receiving RT with the PTV95 program exhibited higher radioresistance, CSC properties, angiogenesis and cell proliferation than GBM patients receiving RT with the Non-PTV95 program. Moreover, CD44 plays a crucial role in these properties of GBM patients with the PTV95 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Hsiu Liu
- Department of Neurological SurgeryTri‐Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwanROC
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwanROC
| | - Jang‐Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanROC
- Department of Radiation OncologyShuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwanROC
- Department of RadiologySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanROC
| | - Yu‐Ching Chou
- School of Public HealthNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwanROC
| | - Ming‐Hsien Li
- Department of Radiation OncologyShuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwanROC
| | - Jo‐Ting Tsai
- Department of Radiation OncologyShuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwanROC
- Department of RadiologySchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanROC
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15
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Tan DC, Roth IM, Wickremesekera AC, Davis PF, Kaye AH, Mantamadiotis T, Stylli SS, Tan ST. Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Glioblastoma by Manipulating the Renin-Angiotensin System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111364. [PMID: 31683669 PMCID: PMC6912312 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma (GB), a highly aggressive brain tumor, have a median survival of 14.6 months following neurosurgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Quiescent GB cancer stem cells (CSCs) invariably cause local recurrence. These GB CSCs can be identified by embryonic stem cell markers, express components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and are associated with circulating CSCs. Despite the presence of circulating CSCs, GB patients rarely develop distant metastasis outside the central nervous system. This paper reviews the current literature on GB growth inhibition in relation to CSCs, circulating CSCs, the RAS and the novel therapeutic approach by repurposing drugs that target the RAS to improve overall symptom-free survival and maintain quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ch Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Imogen M Roth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Agadha C Wickremesekera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
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16
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Berardinelli F, Tanori M, Muoio D, Buccarelli M, di Masi A, Leone S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Mancuso M, Antoccia A. G-quadruplex ligand RHPS4 radiosensitizes glioblastoma xenograft in vivo through a differential targeting of bulky differentiated- and stem-cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:311. [PMID: 31311580 PMCID: PMC6636127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and most lethal primary brain tumor in the adulthood. Current standard therapies are not curative and novel therapeutic options are urgently required. Present knowledge suggests that the continued glioblastoma growth and recurrence is determined by glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which display self-renewal, tumorigenic potential, and increased radio- and chemo-resistance. The G-quadruplex ligand RHPS4 displays in vitro radiosensitizing effect in GBM radioresistant cells through the targeting and dysfunctionalization of telomeres but RHPS4 and Ionizing Radiation (IR) combined treatment efficacy in vivo has not been explored so far. METHODS RHPS4 and IR combined effects were tested in vivo in a heterotopic mice xenograft model and in vitro in stem-like cells derived from U251MG and from four GBM patients. Cell growth assays, cytogenetic analysis, immunoblotting, gene expression and cytofluorimetric analysis were performed in order to characterize the response of differentiated and stem-like cells to RHPS4 and IR in single and combined treatments. RESULTS RHPS4 administration and IR exposure is very effective in blocking tumor growth in vivo up to 65 days. The tumor volume reduction and the long-term tumor control suggested the targeting of the stem cell compartment. Interestingly, RHPS4 treatment was able to strongly reduce cell proliferation in GSCs but, unexpectedly, did not synergize with IR. Lack of radiosensitization was supported by the GSCs telomeric-resistance observed as the total absence of telomere-involving chromosomal aberrations. Remarkably, RHPS4 treatment determined a strong reduction of CHK1 and RAD51 proteins and transcript levels suggesting that the inhibition of GSCs growth is determined by the impairment of the replication stress (RS) response and DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the potent antiproliferative effect of RHPS4 in GSCs is not determined by telomeric dysfunction but is achieved by the induction of RS and by the concomitant depletion of CHK1 and RAD51, leading to DNA damage and cell death. These data open to novel therapeutic options for the targeting of GSCs, indicating that the combined inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA repair proteins provides the most effective means to overcome resistance of GSC to genotoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Tanori
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - D. Muoio
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A. di Masi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Leone
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - A. Antoccia
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
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17
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van Schaijik B, Wickremesekera AC, Mantamadiotis T, Kaye AH, Tan ST, Stylli SS, Itinteang T. Circulating tumor stem cells and glioblastoma: A review. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 61:5-9. [PMID: 30622004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The aggressive nature of GB has been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which drive tumorigenesis and are thought to be the root cause of the disease. Circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs), which can be derived from CSCs, have been identified in numerous types of cancer including GB, have been proposed to contribute to local and distant recurrence. There are many technical difficulties in studying CTSCs, therefore there is a significant gap in the literature pertaining to how they arise and function, and how the understanding of the biology of CTSCs could elucidate the underlying cause of local recurrence and metastasis. An initial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) followed by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition involving these primitive cells appear to be the critical processes underpinning metastasis. This review focuses on the association between CSCs undergoing EMT to become CTSCs, and how this could arise from the CSC subpopulation in GB, and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agadha C Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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18
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Falchetti ML, D'Alessandris QG, Pacioni S, Buccarelli M, Morgante L, Giannetti S, Lulli V, Martini M, Larocca LM, Vakana E, Stancato L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R. Glioblastoma endothelium drives bevacizumab-induced infiltrative growth via modulation of PLXDC1. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1331-1344. [PMID: 30414187 PMCID: PMC6590500 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab, a VEGF‐targeting monoclonal antibody, may trigger an infiltrative growth pattern in glioblastoma. We investigated this pattern using both a human specimen and rat models. In the human specimen, a substantial fraction of infiltrating tumor cells were located along perivascular spaces in close relationship with endothelial cells. Brain xenografts of U87MG cells treated with bevacizumab were smaller than controls (p = 0.0055; Student t‐test), however, bands of tumor cells spread through the brain farther than controls (p < 0.001; Student t‐test). Infiltrating tumor Cells exhibited tropism for vascular structures and propensity to form tubules and niches with endothelial cells. Molecularly, bevacizumab triggered an epithelial to mesenchymal transition with over‐expression of the receptor Plexin Domain Containing 1 (PLXDC1). These results were validated using brain xenografts of patient‐derived glioma stem‐like cells. Enforced expression of PLXDC1 in U87MG cells promoted brain infiltration along perivascular spaces. Importantly, PLXDC1 inhibition prevented perivascular infiltration and significantly increased the survival of bevacizumab‐treated rats. Our study indicates that bevacizumab‐induced brain infiltration is driven by vascular endothelium and depends on PLXDC1 activation of tumor cells. What's new? Bevacizumab, a VEGF‐targeting monoclonal antibody, has been observed to trigger an infiltrative growth pattern in glioblastoma as an escape mechanism. The mechanisms underlying this gliomatosis‐like growth pattern, however, remain unclear. Here, the authors found that the infiltrative growth pattern occurs mostly along perivascular spaces and relies on the over‐expression of PLXDC1 by tumor cells and on the restoration of the endothelial component of blood brain barrier. Altogether, the data show that the brain infiltration induced by bevacizumab is mainly driven by the vascular endothelium. Importantly, inhibition of PLXDC1 prevents bevacizumab‐induced infiltrative growth, resulting in significant increase of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Morgante
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eliza Vakana
- Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Louis Stancato
- Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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19
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Chu T, Rice EJ, Booth GT, Salamanca HH, Wang Z, Core LJ, Longo SL, Corona RJ, Chin LS, Lis JT, Kwak H, Danko CG. Chromatin run-on and sequencing maps the transcriptional regulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1553-1564. [PMID: 30349114 PMCID: PMC6204104 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a variety of poorly understood RNA species that remain challenging to identify using existing genomic tools. We developed chromatin run-on and sequencing (ChRO-seq) to map the location of RNA polymerase for almost any input sample, including samples with degraded RNA that are intractable to RNA sequencing. We used ChRO-seq to map nascent transcription in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors. Enhancers identified in primary GBMs resemble open chromatin in the normal human brain. Rare enhancers that are activated in malignant tissue drive regulatory programs similar to the developing nervous system. We identified enhancers that regulate groups of genes that are characteristic of each known GBM subtype and transcription factors that drive them. Finally we discovered a core group of transcription factors that control the expression of genes associated with clinical outcomes. This study characterizes the transcriptional landscape of GBM and introduces ChRO-seq as a method to map regulatory programs that contribute to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinyi Chu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Graduate field of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory T Booth
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - H Hans Salamanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Leighton J Core
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sharon L Longo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Corona
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence S Chin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - John T Lis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hojoong Kwak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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20
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Gargiulo G. Next-Generation in vivo Modeling of Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:429. [PMID: 30364119 PMCID: PMC6192385 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human cancers played a major role in our current understanding of tumor biology. In pre-clinical oncology, animal models empowered drug target and biomarker discovery and validation. In turn, this resulted in improved care for cancer patients. In the quest for understanding and treating a diverse spectrum of cancer types, technological breakthroughs in genetic engineering and single cell "omics" offer tremendous potential to enhance the informative value of pre-clinical models. Here, I review the state-of-the-art in modeling human cancers with focus on animal models for human malignant gliomas. The review highlights the use of glioma models in dissecting mechanisms of tumor initiation, in the retrospective identification of tumor cell-of-origin, in understanding tumor heterogeneity and in testing the potential of immuno-oncology. I build on the deep review of glioma models as a basis for a more general discussion of the potential ways in which transformative technologies may shape the next-generation of pre-clinical models. I argue that refining animal models along the proposed lines will benefit the success rate of translation for pre-clinical research in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gargiulo
- Molecular Oncology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Buccarelli M, Marconi M, Pacioni S, De Pascalis I, D'Alessandris QG, Martini M, Ascione B, Malorni W, Larocca LM, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L, Matarrese P. Inhibition of autophagy increases susceptibility of glioblastoma stem cells to temozolomide by igniting ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 30082680 PMCID: PMC6079099 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancer onset and progression appears still controversial. On one hand, autophagy allows cancer cell to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions, on the other hand, once internal energy resources are exhausted, it leads to cell death. In addition, autophagy interpheres with cell cycle progression, de facto exerting a cytostatic activity. Hence, it represents an important target for anticancer therapy. For example, temozolomide (TMZ), of use for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, appears as capable of inducing autophagy partially inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. However, GBM, a very aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis even after surgery and radio-chemotherapy, invariably recurs and leads to patient death. Since cancer stem cells have been hypothesized to play a role in refractory/relapsing cancers, in the present work we investigated if autophagy could represent a constitutive cytoprotection mechanism for glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and if the modulation of autophagic process could affect GBM growth and survival. Thus, in the present study we first evaluated the relevance of autophagy in GBM tumor specimens, then its occurrence in GSCs and, finally, if modulation of autophagy could influence GSC response to TMZ. Our results suggested that, in vitro, the impairing autophagic process with quinacrine, a compound able to cross the blood-brain barrier, increased GSC susceptibility to TMZ. Death of GSCs was apparently due to the iron dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides called ferroptosis. These results underscore the relevance of the modulation of autophagy in the GSC survival and death and suggest that triggering of ferroptosis in GSCs could represent a novel and important target for the management of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marconi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana De Pascalis
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ascione
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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22
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The novel long non-coding RNA TALNEC2, regulates tumor cell growth and the stemness and radiation response of glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31785-31801. [PMID: 28423669 PMCID: PMC5458248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the median survival of 12-14 months has not changed significantly. Therefore, there is an imperative need to identify molecular mechanisms that play a role in patient survival. Here, we analyzed the expression and functions of a novel lncRNA, TALNEC2 that was identified using RNA seq of E2F1-regulated lncRNAs. TALNEC2 was localized to the cytosol and its expression was E2F1-regulated and cell-cycle dependent. TALNEC2 was highly expressed in GBM with poor prognosis, in GBM specimens derived from short-term survivors and in glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Silencing of TALNEC2 inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the cells in the G1\S phase of the cell cycle in various cancer cell lines. In addition, silencing of TALNEC2 decreased the self-renewal and mesenchymal transformation of GSCs, increased sensitivity of these cells to radiation and prolonged survival of mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts. Using miRNA array analysis, we identified specific miRNAs that were altered in the silenced cells that were associated with cell-cycle progression, proliferation and mesenchymal transformation. Two of the downregulated miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-191, mediated some of TALNEC2 effects on the stemness and mesenchymal transformation of GSCs. In conclusion, we identified a novel E2F1-regulated lncRNA that is highly expressed in GBM and in tumors from patients of short-term survival. The expression of TALNEC2 is associated with the increased tumorigenic potential of GSCs and their resistance to radiation. We conclude that TALNEC2 is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM.
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23
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Metabolic Heterogeneity Evidenced by MRS among Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem-Like Cells Accounts for Cell Clustering and Different Responses to Drugs. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531533 PMCID: PMC5835274 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3292704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustering of patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) through unsupervised analysis of metabolites detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) evidenced three subgroups, namely clusters 1a and 1b, with high intergroup similarity and neural fingerprints, and cluster 2, with a metabolism typical of commercial tumor lines. In addition, subclones generated by the same GSC line showed different metabolic phenotypes. Aerobic glycolysis prevailed in cluster 2 cells as demonstrated by higher lactate production compared to cluster 1 cells. Oligomycin, a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, induced high lactate extrusion only in cluster 1 cells, where it produced neutral lipid accumulation detected as mobile lipid signals by MRS and lipid droplets by confocal microscopy. These results indicate a relevant role of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for energy production in GSCs. On the other hand, further metabolic differences, likely accounting for different therapy responsiveness observed after etomoxir treatment, suggest that caution must be used in considering patient treatment with mitochondria FAO blockers. Metabolomics and metabolic profiling may contribute to discover new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers to be used for personalized therapies.
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24
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Carrasco-Garcia E, Auzmendi-Iriarte J, Matheu A. Integrin α7: a novel promising target in glioblastoma stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:2. [PMID: 29430458 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Haas TL, Sciuto MR, Brunetto L, Valvo C, Signore M, Fiori ME, di Martino S, Giannetti S, Morgante L, Boe A, Patrizii M, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Ciolfi A, Di Stefano C, Biffoni M, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, De Maria R. Integrin α7 Is a Functional Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:35-50.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Jung J, Kim LJ, Wang X, Wu Q, Sanvoranart T, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Wallace LC, Jin X, Mack SC, Rich JN. Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90019. [PMID: 28515364 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation promotes cancer growth through not only energy production, but also epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we report that a critical node in methyl donor metabolism, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), ranked among the most consistently overexpressed metabolism genes in glioblastoma relative to normal brain. NNMT was preferentially expressed by mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). NNMT depletes S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor generated from methionine. GSCs contained lower levels of methionine, SAM, and nicotinamide, but they contained higher levels of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) than differentiated tumor cells. In concordance with the poor prognosis associated with DNA hypomethylation in glioblastoma, depletion of methionine, a key upstream methyl group donor, shifted tumors toward a mesenchymal phenotype and accelerated tumor growth. Targeting NNMT expression reduced cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor growth of mesenchymal GSCs. Supporting a mechanistic link between NNMT and DNA methylation, targeting NNMT reduced methyl donor availability, methionine levels, and unmethylated cytosine, with increased levels of DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Supporting the clinical significance of these findings, NNMT portended poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Collectively, our findings support NNMT as a GSC-specific therapeutic target in glioblastoma by disrupting oncogenic DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Jung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jy Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xun Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
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27
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Shao R, Taylor SL, Oh DS, Schwartz LM. Vascular heterogeneity and targeting: the role of YKL-40 in glioblastoma vascularization. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40507-18. [PMID: 26439689 PMCID: PMC4747349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastomas (GBM) are highly malignant brain tumors that have extensive and aberrant tumor vasculature, including multiple types of vessels. This review focuses on recent discoveries that the angiogenic factor YKL-40 (CHI3L1) acts on glioblastoma-stem like cells (GSCs) to drive the formation of two major forms of tumor vascularization: angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). GSCs possess multipotent cells able to transdifferentiate into vascular pericytes or smooth muscle cells (PC/SMCs) that either coordinate with endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate angiogenesis or assemble in the absence of ECs to form blood-perfused channels via VM. GBMs express high levels of YKL-40 that drives the divergent signaling cascades to mediate the formation of these distinct microvascular circulations. Although a variety of anti-tumor agents that target angiogenesis have demonstrated transient benefits for patients, they often fail to restrict tumor growth, which underscores the need for additional therapeutic tools. We propose that targeting YKL-40 may compliment conventional anti-angiogenic therapies to provide a substantial clinical benefit to patients with GBM and several other types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sherry L Taylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis S Oh
- Department of Surgery, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schwartz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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28
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Vascular Transdifferentiation in the CNS: A Focus on Neural and Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2759403. [PMID: 27738435 PMCID: PMC5055959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2759403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are devastating and extensively vascularized brain tumors from which glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) have been isolated by many groups. These cells have a high tumorigenic potential and the capacity to generate heterogeneous phenotypes. There is growing evidence to support the possibility that these cells are derived from the accumulation of mutations in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as in oligodendrocyte progenitors. It was recently reported that GSCs could transdifferentiate into endothelial-like and pericyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo, notably under the influence of Notch and TGFβ signaling pathways. Vascular cells derived from GBM cells were also observed directly in patient samples. These results could lead to new directions for designing original therapeutic approaches against GBM neovascularization but this specific reprogramming requires further molecular investigations. Transdifferentiation of nontumoral neural stem cells into vascular cells has also been described and conversely vascular cells may generate neural stem cells. In this review, we present and discuss these recent data. As some of them appear controversial, further validation will be needed using new technical approaches such as high throughput profiling and functional analyses to avoid experimental pitfalls and misinterpretations.
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29
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Huang Z, Wu T, Liu AY, Ouyang G. Differentiation and transdifferentiation potentials of cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39550-63. [PMID: 26474460 PMCID: PMC4741845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells actively contribute to constructing their own microenvironment during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment contains multiple types of stromal cells that work together with the extracellular matrix and local and systemic factors to coordinately contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Tumor cells and their stromal compartments acquire many genetic and/or epigenetic alternations to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept has been widely applied to interpreting tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, dormancy and relapse. CSCs have differentiation abilities to generate the original lineage cells that are similar to their normal stem cell counterparts. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrates that CSCs also have the potential to transdifferentiate into vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, indicating that CSCs can transdifferentiate into other lineage cells for promoting tumor growth and metastasis in some tissue contexts instead of only recruiting stromal cells from local or distant tissues. Although the transdifferentiation of CSCs into tumor stromal cells provides a new dimension that explains tumor heterogeneity, many aspects of CSC transdifferentiation remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the multi-lineage differentiation and transdifferentiation potentials of CSCs as well as discuss their potential contributions to tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Allan Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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30
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Colamaio M, Tosti N, Puca F, Mari A, Gattordo R, Kuzay Y, Federico A, Pepe A, Sarnataro D, Ragozzino E, Raia M, Hirata H, Gemei M, Mimori K, Del Vecchio L, Battista S, Fusco A. HMGA1 silencing reduces stemness and temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma stem cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1169-79. [PMID: 27486901 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1220543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops from a small subpopulation of stem-like cells, which are endowed with the ability to self-renew, proliferate and give rise to progeny of multiple neuroepithelial lineages. These cells are resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy and are hence also responsible for tumor recurrence. HMGA1 overexpression has been shown to correlate with proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of GBMs and to affect self-renewal of cancer stem cells from colon cancer. The role of HMGA1 in GBM tumor stem cells is not completely understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have investigated the role of HMGA1 in brain tumor stem cell (BTSC) self-renewal, stemness and resistance to temozolomide by shRNA- mediated HMGA1 silencing. RESULTS We first report that HMGA1 is overexpressed in a subset of BTSC lines from human GBMs. Then, we show that HMGA1 knockdown reduces self-renewal, sphere forming efficiency and stemness, and sensitizes BTSCs to temozolomide. Interestingly, HMGA1 silencing also leads to reduced tumor initiation ability in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a pivotal role of HMGA1 in cancer stem cell gliomagenesis and endorse HMGA1 as a suitable target for CSC-specific GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Colamaio
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Nadia Tosti
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy.,b Molecular Pathology Unit, Institute of Pathology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Francesca Puca
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Alessia Mari
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Rosaria Gattordo
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Yalçın Kuzay
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Pepe
- c Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | | | - Elvira Ragozzino
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | | | - Hidenari Hirata
- e Department of Surgery , Kyushu University Beppu Hospital , Beppu , Japan
| | - Marica Gemei
- d CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate , Naples , Italy
| | - Koshi Mimori
- e Department of Surgery , Kyushu University Beppu Hospital , Beppu , Japan
| | | | - Sabrina Battista
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale - CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,' Naples , Italy.,f Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular , Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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31
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Giladi ND, Ziv-Av A, Lee HK, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Xiang C, Waldman Ben-Asher H, deCarvalho A, Mikkelsen T, Poisson L, Brodie C. RTVP-1 promotes mesenchymal transformation of glioma via a STAT-3/IL-6-dependent positive feedback loop. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22680-97. [PMID: 26267319 PMCID: PMC4673191 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most aggressive primary brain tumors, exhibit increased invasiveness and resistance to anti-tumor treatments. We explored the role of RTVP-1, a glioma-associated protein that promotes glioma cell migration, in the mesenchymal transformation of GBM. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) demonstrated that RTVP-1 expression was higher in mesenchymal GBM and predicted tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome. ChiP analysis revealed that the RTVP-1 promoter binds STAT3 and C/EBPβ, two master transcription factors that regulate mesenchymal transformation of GBM. In addition, IL-6 induced RTVP-1 expression in a STAT3-dependent manner. RTVP-1 increased the migration and mesenchymal transformation of glioma cells. Similarly, overexpression of RTVP-1 in human neural stem cells induced mesenchymal differentiation, whereas silencing of RTVP-1 in glioma stem cells (GSCs) decreased the mesenchymal transformation and stemness of these cells. Silencing of RTVP-1 also increased the survival of mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts. Using gene array analysis of RTVP-1 silenced glioma cells we identified IL-6 as a mediator of RTVP-1 effects on the mesenchymal transformation and migration of GSCs, therefore acting in a positive feedback loop by upregulating RTVP-1 expression via the STAT3 pathway. Collectively, these results implicate RTVP-1 as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis David Giladi
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amotz Ziv-Av
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Finniss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cunli Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ana deCarvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurosurgery, Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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32
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Pavon LF, Sibov TT, de Oliveira DM, Marti LC, Cabral FR, de Souza JG, Boufleur P, Malheiros SM, de Paiva Neto MA, da Cruz EF, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Cavalheiro S. Mesenchymal stem cell-like properties of CD133+ glioblastoma initiating cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40546-40557. [PMID: 27244897 PMCID: PMC5130027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is composed of dividing tumor cells, stromal cells and tumor initiating CD133+ cells. Recent reports have discussed the origin of the glioblastoma CD133+ cells and their function in the tumor microenvironment. The present work sought to investigate the multipotent and mesenchymal properties of primary highly purified human CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells. To accomplish this aim, we used the following approaches: i) generation of tumor subspheres of CD133+ selected cells from primary cell cultures of glioblastoma; ii) analysis of the expression of pluripotency stem cell markers and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers in the CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells; iii) side-by-side ultrastructural characterization of the CD133+ glioblastoma cells, MSC and CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB); iv) assessment of adipogenic differentiation of CD133+ glioblastoma cells to test their MSC-like in vitro differentiation ability; and v) use of an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model in the absence of immune suppression. We found that the CD133+ glioblastoma cells expressed both the pluripotency stem cell markers (Nanog, Mush-1 and SSEA-3) and MSC markers. In addition, the CD133+ cells were able to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the CD133+ glioblastoma-initiating cells had ultrastructural features similar to those of undifferentiated MSCs. In addition, when administered in vivo to non-immunocompromised animals, the CD133+ cells were also able to mimic the phenotype of the original patient's tumor. In summary, we showed that the CD133+ glioblastoma cells express molecular signatures of MSCs, neural stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, thus possibly enabling differentiation into both neural and mesodermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tais Sibov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana C. Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Allergy and Immunopathology Graduate Program, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Romero Cabral
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Experimental Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da São Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Boufleur
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana M.F. Malheiros
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Neuro-Oncology Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel A. de Paiva Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Ferreira da Cruz
- Discipline of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Bradshaw A, Wickremsekera A, Tan ST, Peng L, Davis PF, Itinteang T. Cancer Stem Cell Hierarchy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Surg 2016; 3:21. [PMID: 27148537 PMCID: PMC4831983 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive tumor that typically exhibits treatment failure with high mortality rates, is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor. CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple GBM and glioblastoma cancer stem cell subtypes, making investigation and establishment of a universal treatment difficult. This review examines the current knowledge on the CSC markers SALL4, OCT-4, SOX2, STAT3, NANOG, c-Myc, KLF4, CD133, CD44, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, specifically focusing on their use and validity in GBM research and how they may be utilized for investigations into GBM's cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bradshaw
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Agadha Wickremsekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
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34
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Cancer (stem) cell differentiation: An inherent or acquired property? Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:1012-8. [PMID: 26347071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing list of data indicating that cancer (stem) cells could functionally adapt foreign tissue features, such as endothelial-like cells or neuroendocrine cells, express lineage markers or could differentiate into various lineages in response to appropriate differentiation criteria. The finding that cancer (stem) cells may possess some kind of differentiation capacity poses the question whether this might be an inherent or acquired property. Cancer stem cells share stem cell characteristics and may thus possess an inherent differentiation capacity enabling the cells to respond to various differentiation stimuli. Considering the plasticity of cancer (stem) cells, even non-tumorigenic (and putatively non-differentiable) tumor cells could give rise to tumorigenic tumor stem cells, exhibiting stem cell characteristics including an inherent differentiation capacity. On the contrary, cancer (stem) cells may have acquired differentiation capacity as a consequence of a previous cell fusion event with cell types exhibiting differentiation potential and being fusogenic, such as macrophages or stem cells. Of pivotal interest in a tumor context are macrophages, which chiefly foster the chronically inflamed tumor microenvironment. Because chronically inflamed tissue is a well-known trigger for cell fusion and both macrophages and stem cells are highly fusogenic we conclude that cell fusion events between these cell types and cancer (stem) cells should frequently occur, thereby giving rise to hybrid cells exhibiting not only novel properties, like an enhanced metastatogenic phenotype, but also parental characteristics, such as differentiation capacity. Conceivably, the combination of both properties might be advantageous for metastasizing cancer (stem) cells to adapt better and faster to a foreign organ tissue environment.
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35
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Molecular subtypes, stem cells and heterogeneity: Implications for personalised therapy in glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:1219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Maugeri-Saccà M, Vici P, Di Lauro L, Barba M, Amoreo CA, Gallo E, Mottolese M, De Maria R. Cancer stem cells: are they responsible for treatment failure? Future Oncol 2015; 10:2033-44. [PMID: 25396775 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to standard anticancer treatments represents a significant challenge. The interest regarding cancer stem cells, a cellular population that has the ability to self-renew and to propagate the tumor, was prompted by experimental evidence delineating the molecular mechanisms that are selectively activated in this cellular subset in order to survive chemotherapy. This has also stimulated combination strategies aimed at rendering cancer stem cells vulnerable to anticancer agents. Moreover, cancer stem cells offer a unique opportunity for modeling human cancers in mice, thus emerging as a powerful tool for testing novel drugs and combinations in a simulation of human disease. These novel animal models may lay the foundation for a new generation of clinical trials aimed at anticipating the benefit to patients of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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37
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Liu C, Hu J, Liu R, Liu W, Zhang T, Ma Z. Migration of Transformed Bone Marrow-Derived Cells with Peripheral Neural Tumor Traits In Vivo. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:361-8. [PMID: 25973926 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.933233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the original cells in tumors may allow for measures that protect the original cells and prevent tumor formation. In the present study, we isolated a subpopulation of cells with the features of neural tumor cells from transformed BMDCs in vitro. These neural tumor cells expressed the markers of neural tumor progenitor cells and differentiated neural tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, the subcloned cells from transformed BMDCs could migrate to distant tissues and drive peripheral neural tumors in vivo. Therefore, our results further verify that transformed mouse BMDCs are a potential source of peripheral neural tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Liu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinghui Hu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ruilai Liu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Zhang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhan Ma
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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38
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Rosi A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Biffoni M, Grande S, Luciani AM, Palma A, Runci D, Cappellari M, De Maria R, Guidoni L, Pallini R, Viti V. (1) H NMR spectroscopy of glioblastoma stem-like cells identifies alpha-aminoadipate as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:317-26. [PMID: 25581615 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) face a poor prognosis with median survival of about 14 months. High recurrence rate and failure of conventional treatments are attributed to the presence of GBM cells with stem-like properties (GSCs). Metabolite profiles of 42 GSC lines established from the tumor tissue of adult GBM patients were screened with (1) H NMR spectroscopy and compared with human neural progenitor cells from human adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and from the developing human brain (HNPCs). A first subset (n=12) of GSCs exhibited a dramatic accumulation of the metabolite α-aminoadipate (αAAD), product of the oxidation of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde catalyzed by the ALDH7A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family in lysine catabolism. αAAD was low/not detectable in a second GSC subset (n=13) with the same neural metabolic profile as well as in a third GSC subset (n=17) characterized by intense lipid signals. Likewise, αAAD was not detected in the spectra of OB-NPCs or HNPCs. Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase by oligomycin treatment revealed that the lysine degradative pathway leading to αAAD formation proceeds through saccharopine, as usually observed in developing brain. Survival curves indicated that high αAAD levels in GSCs significantly correlated with poor patient survival, similarly to prostate and non-small-cell-lung cancers, where activity of ALDH7A1 correlates with tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosi
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
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39
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Nori S, Okada Y, Nishimura S, Sasaki T, Itakura G, Kobayashi Y, Renault-Mihara F, Shimizu A, Koya I, Yoshida R, Kudoh J, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Ikeda E, Toyama Y, Nakamura M, Okano H. Long-term safety issues of iPSC-based cell therapy in a spinal cord injury model: oncogenic transformation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:360-73. [PMID: 25684226 PMCID: PMC4375796 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we described the safety and therapeutic potential of neurospheres (NSs) derived from a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clone, 201B7, in a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model. However, several safety issues concerning iPSC-based cell therapy remain unresolved. Here, we investigated another iPSC clone, 253G1, that we established by transducing OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4 into adult human dermal fibroblasts collected from the same donor who provided the 201B7 clone. The grafted 253G1-NSs survived, differentiated into three neural lineages, and promoted functional recovery accompanied by stimulated synapse formation 47 days after transplantation. However, long-term observation (for up to 103 days) revealed deteriorated motor function accompanied by tumor formation. The tumors consisted of Nestin+ undifferentiated neural cells and exhibited activation of the OCT4 transgene. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a heightened mesenchymal transition may have contributed to the progression of tumors derived from grafted cells. Grafted iPSC (253G1)-derived neurospheres formed tumors after long-term observation Activation of the OCT4 transgene is potentially related to tumor formation Tumor progression may have been caused by mesenchymal transition of grafted cells Integration-free iPSCs should be chosen to avoid transgene-induced tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Kanrinmaru Project, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Soraya Nishimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Go Itakura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Francois Renault-Mihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koya
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rei Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Kudoh
- Laboratory of Gene Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eiji Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Swartling FJ, Čančer M, Frantz A, Weishaupt H, Persson AI. Deregulated proliferation and differentiation in brain tumors. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 359:225-54. [PMID: 25416506 PMCID: PMC4286433 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons, is deregulated in neural stem cell (NSC)- and progenitor-derived murine models of malignant medulloblastoma and glioma, the most common brain tumors of children and adults, respectively. Molecular characterization of human malignant brain tumors, and in particular brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), has identified neurodevelopmental transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic factors known to inhibit neuronal and glial differentiation. We are starting to understand how these factors are regulated by the major oncogenic drivers in malignant brain tumors. In this review, we will focus on the molecular switches that block normal neuronal differentiation and induce brain tumor formation. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of these switches in BTSCs has been shown to restore the ability of tumor cells to differentiate. We will discuss potential brain tumor therapies that will promote differentiation in order to reduce treatment resistance, suppress tumor growth, and prevent recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Aaron Frantz
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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41
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Maccalli C, De Maria R. Cancer stem cells: perspectives for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:91-7. [PMID: 25104304 PMCID: PMC11028671 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells with "stemness" and tumor-initiating properties have been isolated from both hematological and solid tumors. These cells denominated as cancer stem cells (CSCs), representing rare populations within tumors, have the ability to metastasize and are resistant to standard therapies and immunotherapy. Heterogeneity and plasticity in the phenotype of CSCs have been described in relation to their tissue origin. Few definitive markers have been isolated for CSCs from human solid tumors, limiting their usage for in vivo identification of these cells. Nevertheless, progress in the emerging CSCs concept has been achieved gaining, at least for some type of tumors, their biological and immunological characterization. The recent identification of molecules and signaling pathways that are up-regulated or aberrantly induced in CSCs allowed the development of small agents for specifically targeting of CSCs. A general low immunogenic profile has been reported for CSCs with, in some cases, the identification of the mechanisms responsible of the impairment of cell-mediated immune responses. These concepts are discussed in the context of this review. Although CSCs still need to be fully characterized, potential candidate markers and/or signaling pathways, to be exploited for the design of novel CSC-targeting therapeutic strategies, are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccalli
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, San Raffaele Foundation Centre, Milan, Italy,
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42
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Guo H, Liu C, Yang L, Dong L, Wang L, Wang Q, Li H, Zhang J, Lin P, Wang X. Morusin inhibits glioblastoma stem cell growth in vitro and in vivo through stemness attenuation, adipocyte transdifferentiation, and apoptosis induction. Mol Carcinog 2014; 55:77-89. [PMID: 25557841 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Guo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu China
| | - Chuanlan Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Liuqi Yang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Ping Lin
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Clinical Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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43
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Jackson M, Hassiotou F, Nowak A. Glioblastoma stem-like cells: at the root of tumor recurrence and a therapeutic target. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:177-85. [PMID: 25504149 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive primary brain malignancy. The current initial standard of care consists of maximal safe surgical resection followed by radical radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. Despite optimal therapy, median survival is ~15 months from diagnosis in molecularly unselected patients, and <6 months for patients with recurrent disease. Therefore, clinical treatments are currently palliative, not curative. Collectively, current knowledge suggests that the continued tumor growth and recurrence is in part due to the presence of glioma stem-like cells, which display self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. They differ from their more differentiated progeny, as they are more resistant to current treatments. Recurrent disease may be a consequence of the enhancement and/or gain of stem cell-like characteristics during disease progression, together with preferential death of more differentiated tumor cells during treatment, signifying that the cancer stem cell phenotype is a crucial therapeutic target. The limited knowledge of the characteristics of these cells and their response to current clinical treatments warrants intensive investigation with the aim to improve patient survival and/or develop a cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jackson
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
| | | | - Anna Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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44
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Cancer stem cells, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:438-47. [PMID: 25497008 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although current opinion indicates that tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in promoting the initial spread of malignant tumors, the mechanism that underlies lymphatic spread is not clear. The recent discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human tumors has challenged our current understanding of tumor recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis, and opens up new research directions on how cancer cells are capable of switching from dormancy to malignancy. CSCs can be directly and indirectly involved in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and ultimately promote lymphatic metastasis. However, the details and the possible relationship between CSCs, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis remain ambiguous, and the origin of tumor lymphatic endothelial cells is controversial. Elucidation of these factors may provide useful information for future research and cancer treatment. In this article, we summarize current knowledge of CSCs, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic metastasis and attempt to find an association between key molecular and cellular mechanisms. We provide an overview of CSCs and lymphatic vasculature as potential therapeutic targets. CSC- and lymphatic vasculature-targeted therapy may bring new hope for cancer treatment.
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45
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Combined PDK1 and CHK1 inhibition is required to kill glioblastoma stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1223. [PMID: 24810059 PMCID: PMC4047898 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly adult brain tumor. Despite aggressive surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the life expectancy of patients diagnosed with GBM is ∼14 months. The extremely aggressive nature of GBM results from glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that sustain GBM growth, survive intensive chemotherapy, and give rise to tumor recurrence. There is accumulating evidence revealing that GSC resilience is because of concomitant activation of multiple survival pathways. In order to decode the signal transduction networks responsible for the malignant properties of GSCs, we analyzed a collection of GSC lines using a dual, but complementary, experimental approach, that is, reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPPMs) and kinase inhibitor library screening. We treated GSCs in vitro with clinically relevant concentrations of temozolomide (TMZ) and performed RPPM to detect changes in phosphorylation patterns that could be associated with resistance. In addition, we screened GSCs in vitro with a library of protein and lipid kinase inhibitors to identify specific targets involved in GSC survival and proliferation. We show that GSCs are relatively insensitive to TMZ treatment in terms of pathway activation and, although displaying heterogeneous individual phospho-proteomic profiles, most GSCs are resistant to specific inhibition of the major signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. However, simultaneous multipathway inhibition by the staurosporin derivative UCN-01 results in remarkable inhibition of GSC growth in vitro. The activity of UCN-01 on GSCs was confirmed in two in vivo models of GBM growth. Finally, we used RPPM to study the molecular and functional effects of UCN-01 and demonstrated that the sensitivity to UCN-01 correlates with activation of survival signals mediated by PDK1 and the DNA damage response initiated by CHK1. Taken together, our results suggest that a combined inhibition of PDK1 and CHK1 represents a potentially effective therapeutic approach to reduce the growth of human GBM.
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46
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Guidoni L, Ricci-Vitiani L, Rosi A, Palma A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Pelacchi F, di Martino S, Colosimo C, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Pallini R, Viti V. 1H NMR detects different metabolic profiles in glioblastoma stem-like cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:129-145. [PMID: 24142746 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profiles of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) growing in neurospheres were examined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectra of two GSC lines, labelled 1 and 83, from tumours close to the subventricular zone of the temporal lobe were studied in detail and compared with those of neural stem/progenitor cells from the adult olfactory bulb (OB-NPCs) and of the T98G glioblastoma cell line. In both GSCs, signals from myoinositol (Myo-I), UDP-hexosamines (UDP-Hex) and glycine indicated an astrocyte/glioma metabolism. For line 1, the presence of signals from N-acetyl aspartate, GABA and creatine pointed to a neuronal fingerprint. These metabolites were almost absent from line 83 spectra, whereas lipid signals, absent from normal neural lineages, were intense in line 83 spectra and remained low in those of line 1, irrespective of apoptotic fate. Spectra of OB-NPC cells displayed strong similarities with those from line 1, with low lipid signals and clearly detectable neuronal signals. In contrast, the spectral profile of line 83 was more similar to that of T98G, displaying high lipids and nearly complete absence of the neuronal markers. A mixed neural-astrocyte metabolic phenotype with a strong neuronal fingerprint was therefore found in line 1, while an astrocytic/glioma-like metabolism prevailed in line 83. We found a signal assigned to the amide proton of N-acetyl galactosamine in GSC lines and in OB-NPC spectra, whereas it was absent from those of T98G cells. This signal may be related to a stem-cell-specific protein glycosylation pattern and is therefore suggested as a marker of cell multipotency. Other GSC lines from patients with different clinical outcomes were then examined. Unsupervised analysis of spectral data from 13 lines yielded two clusters, with six lines resembling spectral features of line 1 and seven resembling those of line 83, suggesting that distinct metabolic phenotypes may be present in GSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guidoni
- Department of Technology and Health and INFN Sanità Group, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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47
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Forte S, Pagliuca A, Maniscalchi ET, Gulino R, Calabrese G, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Signore M, Parenti R, De Maria R, Gulisano M. Gene expression analysis of PTEN positive glioblastoma stem cells identifies DUB3 and Wee1 modulation in a cell differentiation model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81432. [PMID: 24349068 PMCID: PMC3861258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term astrocytoma defines a quite heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases that collectively represent the most frequent brain tumors in humans. Among them, glioblastoma multiforme represents the most malignant form and its associated prognosis is one of the poorest among tumors of the central nervous system. It has been demonstrated that a small population of tumor cells, isolated from the brain neoplastic tissue, can reproduce the parental tumor when transplanted in immunodeficient mouse. These tumor initiating cells are supposed to be involved in cancer development and progression and possess stem cell-like features; like their normal counterpart, these cells remain quiescent until they are committed to differentiation. Many studies have shown that the role of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN in cell cycle progression is fundamental for tumor dynamics: in low grade gliomas, PTEN contributes to maintain cells in G1 while the loss of its activity is frequently observed in high grade gliomas. The mechanisms underlying the above described PTEN activity have been studied in many tumors, but those involved in the maintenance of tumor initiating cells quiescence remain to be investigated in more detail. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the role of PTEN pathway on cell cycle regulation in Glioblastoma stem cells, through a cell differentiation model. Our results suggest the existence of a molecular mechanism, that involves DUB3 and WEE1 gene products in the regulation of Cdc25a, as functional effector of the PTEN/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Pagliuca
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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48
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Long PM, Tighe SW, Driscoll HE, Moffett JR, Namboodiri AMA, Viapiano MS, Lawler SE, Jaworski DM. Acetate supplementation induces growth arrest of NG2/PDGFRα-positive oligodendroglioma-derived tumor-initiating cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80714. [PMID: 24278309 PMCID: PMC3835562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with globally hypoacetylated chromatin and considerable attention has recently been focused on epigenetic therapies. N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), the primary storage form of acetate in the brain, and aspartoacylase (ASPA), the enzyme responsible for NAA catalysis to generate acetate and ultimately acetyl-Coenzyme A for histone acetylation, are reduced in oligodendroglioma. The short chain triglyceride glyceryl triacetate (GTA), which increases histone acetylation and inhibits histone deacetylase expression, has been safely used for acetate supplementation in Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy due to ASPA mutation. We demonstrate that GTA induces cytostatic G0 growth arrest of oligodendroglioma-derived cells in vitro, without affecting normal cells. Sodium acetate, at doses comparable to that generated by complete GTA catalysis, but not glycerol also promoted growth arrest, whereas long chain triglycerides promoted cell growth. To begin to elucidate its mechanism of action, the effects of GTA on ASPA and acetyl-CoA synthetase protein levels and differentiation of established human oligodendroglioma cells (HOG and Hs683) and primary tumor-derived oligodendroglioma cells that exhibit some features of cancer stem cells (grade II OG33 and grade III OG35) relative to an oligodendrocyte progenitor line (Oli-Neu) were examined. The nuclear localization of ASPA and acetyl-CoA synthetase-1 in untreated cells was regulated during the cell cycle. GTA-mediated growth arrest was not associated with apoptosis or differentiation, but increased expression of acetylated proteins. Thus, GTA-mediated acetate supplementation may provide a safe, novel epigenetic therapy to reduce the growth of oligodendroglioma cells without affecting normal neural stem or oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Long
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Tighe
- Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Driscoll
- Vermont Genetics Network, Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aryan M. A. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mariano S. Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Xie J, Ma YH, Wan M, Zhan RY, Zhou YQ. Expression of dedifferentiation markers and multilineage markers in U251 glioblastoma cells with silenced EGFR and FGFR genes. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:131-136. [PMID: 24348834 PMCID: PMC3861577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and their receptors, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and bFGF receptor (bFGFR), are frequently overexpressed in high-grade gliomas. In the present study, the EGF and bFGF levels in U251 glioblastoma cell culture supernatants were determined by ELISA, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled recombinant lentiviral expression vectors with small interfering RNA targeting the EGFR and bFGFR genes were constructed. The mRNA expression levels of EGFR, bFGFR, cluster of differentiation (CD)133, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tubulin-β3 (TUBB3) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reactions in U251 cells prior to and following silencing of the EGFR and/or bFGFR genes. Prior to silencing, the U251 cells secreted EGF and bFGF, and expressed EGFR, bFGFR, CD133, GFAP, TUBB3 and MBP mRNA. Subsequent to silencing the EGFR and/or bFGFR gene, CD133 mRNA expression decreased and GFAP and TUBB3 mRNA expression increased. Silencing the EGFR and FGFR genes acted synergistically to downregulate CD133 expression. The downregulation of CD133 mRNA expression and the upregulation of GFAP and TUBB3 mRNA expression were not significantly different when blocking the EGFR and FGFR pathways. These results indicate that autocrine or paracrine EGF and/or FGF mechanisms exist in U251 cells. Knocking down the EGFR and/or FGFR genes downregulates CD133 mRNA expression and facilitates glial and neuronal differentiation in U251 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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50
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Tsen AR, Long PM, Driscoll HE, Davies MT, Teasdale BA, Penar PL, Pendlebury WW, Spees JL, Lawler SE, Viapiano MS, Jaworski DM. Triacetin-based acetate supplementation as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant therapy in glioma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1300-10. [PMID: 23996800 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is associated with epigenetic (i.e., histone hypoacetylation) and metabolic (i.e., aerobic glycolysis) alterations. Levels of N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), the primary storage form of acetate in the brain, and aspartoacylase (ASPA), the enzyme responsible for NAA catalysis to generate acetate, are reduced in glioma; yet, few studies have investigated acetate as a potential therapeutic agent. This preclinical study sought to test the efficacy of the food additive Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate, GTA) as a novel therapy to increase acetate bioavailability in glioma cells. The growth-inhibitory effects of GTA, compared to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA), were assessed in established human glioma cell lines (HOG and Hs683 oligodendroglioma, U87 and U251 glioblastoma) and primary tumor-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), relative to an oligodendrocyte progenitor line (Oli-Neu), normal astrocytes, and neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. GTA was also tested as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant with temozolomide (TMZ) in orthotopically grafted GSCs. GTA-induced cytostatic growth arrest in vitro comparable to Vorinostat, but, unlike Vorinostat, GTA did not alter astrocyte growth and promoted NSC expansion. GTA alone increased survival of mice engrafted with glioblastoma GSCs and potentiated TMZ to extend survival longer than TMZ alone. GTA was most effective on GSCs with a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Given that GTA has been chronically administered safely to infants with Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy due to ASPA mutation, GTA-mediated acetate supplementation may provide a novel, safe chemotherapeutic adjuvant to reduce the growth of glioma tumors, most notably the more rapidly proliferating, glycolytic and hypoacetylated mesenchymal glioma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Tsen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
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