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Liu J, Tan X, Li L, Cao L, Zhou Y, Li H, Peng T. Protein expression of nucleolar protein 12 in the retina and its implication in protection of retina from UV irradiation damage. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38467618 PMCID: PMC10928217 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar protein 12 (NOL12), one of the nucleolar proteins which are primarily expressed in the nucleolus and play key roles in RNA metabolism, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell survival, is widely expressed in various species and multiple organs. Although it has been reported that the mRNA of Drosophila NOL12 homolog viriato is expressed in the eyes of Drosophila, the protein expression of NOL12 in mammalian eyes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we showed through immunohistochemistry that NOL12 was present in the rat retina, with predominant distribution in the cytoplasm of the retinal neuronal cells. In the human retinoblastoma cell line WERI-Rb1, we found that altering NOL12 expression led to a change in WERI-Rb1 cell viability. Knocking down NOL12 expression decreased cell viability. In contrast, overexpressing NOL12 increased cell viability. Furthermore, increasing NOL12 expression inhibited ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrated that NOL12 may play an important protective role in retinal cells. In the WERI-Rb1 cells exposed to UV irradiation, we detected that NOL12 was degraded, but this degradation could be attenuated by a pan-Caspase inhibitor. Notably, the inhibitory effect of NOL12 against UV-induced apoptosis could be restrained by increasing the expression of ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR), a kinase that, when activated by severe DNA damage, can result in apoptosis. We also found that upregulating NOL12 inhibited the activation of ATR caused by UV irradiation. Additionally, inhibiting ATR activity reduced apoptosis resulting from both silencing NOL12 expression and UV exposure. Thus, NOL12 may protect against UV irradiation-induced retinal damage by inhibiting ATR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Oiwa K, Lee S, Fujita K, Ueda T, Yamauchi T. Clinical Features of Clonal Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative Cells Developed During Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment. Intern Med 2024; 63:729-732. [PMID: 37468240 PMCID: PMC10982022 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2182-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of Philadelphia-negative cells (CCA/Ph-) occurring during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment are transient, and the development of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare, but the frequency and clinical significance in Japanese patients are still unknown. We herein report four patients who developed CCA/Ph- during TKI therapy and were diagnosed with secondary MDS/AML. The duration from TKI therapy initiation to MDS/AML onset ranged from 3 to 48 months, and the survival ranged from 5 to 84 months. The occurrence of CCA/Ph- with MDS/AML may be associated with a poor prognosis, and careful follow-up is recommended for patients who receive TKI therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Oiwa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Osu Hospital, Japan
| | - Shin Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Fujita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Japan
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Yip HYK, Shin SY, Chee A, Ang CS, Rossello FJ, Wong LH, Nguyen LK, Papa A. Integrative modeling uncovers p21-driven drug resistance and prioritizes therapies for PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:20. [PMID: 38273040 PMCID: PMC10810864 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Utility of PI3Kα inhibitors like BYL719 is limited by the acquisition of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of resistance which cause disease recurrence. Several combination therapies based on PI3K inhibition have been proposed, but a way to systematically prioritize them for breast cancer treatment is still missing. By integrating published and in-house studies, we have developed in silico models that quantitatively capture dynamics of PI3K signaling at the network-level under a BYL719-sensitive versus BYL719 resistant-cell state. Computational predictions show that signal rewiring to alternative components of the PI3K pathway promote resistance to BYL719 and identify PDK1 as the most effective co-target with PI3Kα rescuing sensitivity of resistant cells to BYL719. To explore whether PI3K pathway-independent mechanisms further contribute to BYL719 resistance, we performed phosphoproteomics and found that selection of high levels of the cell cycle regulator p21 unexpectedly promoted drug resistance in T47D cells. Functionally, high p21 levels favored repair of BYL719-induced DNA damage and bypass of the associated cellular senescence. Importantly, targeted inhibition of the check-point inhibitor CHK1 with MK-8776 effectively caused death of p21-high T47D cells, thus establishing a new vulnerability of BYL719-resistant breast cancer cells. Together, our integrated studies uncover hidden molecular mediators causing resistance to PI3Kα inhibition and provide a framework to prioritize combination therapies for PI3K-mutant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Yan Kelvin Yip
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Hwa Wong
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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4
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Qin S, Kitty I, Hao Y, Zhao F, Kim W. Maintaining Genome Integrity: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Orchestrate the Balancing Act of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10212. [PMID: 37373360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages which lead to severe genome instability. Phosphorylation is one of the most important protein post-translation modifications involved in DSBs repair regulation. Kinases and phosphatases play coordinating roles in DSB repair by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating various proteins. Recent research has shed light on the importance of maintaining a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities in DSB repair. The interplay between kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in regulating DNA-repair processes, and alterations in their activity can lead to genomic instability and disease. Therefore, study on the function of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair is essential for understanding their roles in cancer development and therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair regulation and highlight the advancements in the development of cancer therapies targeting kinases or phosphatases in DSBs repair pathways. In conclusion, understanding the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities in DSBs repair provides opportunities for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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5
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Golovine K, Abalakov G, Lian Z, Chatla S, Karami A, Chitrala KN, Madzo J, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Huang J, Skorski T. ABL1 kinase as a tumor suppressor in AML1-ETO and NUP98-PMX1 leukemias. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 36959186 PMCID: PMC10036529 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of ABL1 was detected in a cohort of hematologic malignancies carrying AML1-ETO and NUP98 fusion proteins. Abl1-/- murine hematopoietic cells transduced with AML1-ETO and NUP98-PMX1 gained proliferation advantage when compared to Abl1 + /+ counterparts. Conversely, overexpression and pharmacological stimulation of ABL1 kinase resulted in reduced proliferation. To pinpoint mechanisms facilitating the transformation of ABL1-deficient cells, Abl1 was knocked down in 32Dcl3-Abl1ko cells by CRISPR/Cas9 followed by the challenge of growth factor withdrawal. 32Dcl3-Abl1ko cells but not 32Dcl3-Abl1wt cells generated growth factor-independent clones. RNA-seq implicated PI3K signaling as one of the dominant mechanisms contributing to growth factor independence in 32Dcl3-Abl1ko cells. PI3K inhibitor buparlisib exerted selective activity against Lin-cKit+ NUP98-PMX1;Abl1-/- cells when compared to the Abl1 + /+ counterparts. Since the role of ABL1 in DNA damage response (DDR) is well established, we also tested the inhibitors of ATM (ATMi), ATR (ATRi) and DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKi). AML1-ETO;Abl1-/- and NUP98-PMX1;Abl1-/- cells were hypersensitive to DNA-PKi and ATRi, respectively, when compared to Abl1 + /+ counterparts. Moreover, ABL1 kinase inhibitor enhanced the sensitivity to PI3K, DNA-PKcs and ATR inhibitors. In conclusion, we showed that ABL1 kinase plays a tumor suppressor role in hematological malignancies induced by AML1-ETO and NUP98-PMX1 and modulates the response to PI3K and/or DDR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Golovine
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gleb Abalakov
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Srinivas Chatla
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Karami
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Ramalingam TR, Subramanian J, Nagarathinam I, Chandran C, Vaidhyanathan L, Easow JM. An interesting case of chronic myeloid leukemia with twists and turns. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023:S2531-1379(23)00041-X. [PMID: 36958954 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) are known to crop up in Ph+ cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients due to cytogenetic evolution. But the frequency of molecular evolution and ACA is much less in Ph- cells of CML patients and is poorly understood. We report an interesting and rare case of Ph+ CML, who progressed to B lymphoblastic crisis, achieved remission, and later developed Ph- acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with KMT2A gene rearrangement and no detectable BCR- ABL transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J M Easow
- Apollo Cancer Centre, Chennai, India
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7
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Xie Z, Li W, Ai J, Xie J, Zhang X. C2orf40 inhibits metastasis and regulates chemo-resistance and radio-resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by influencing cell cycle and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2022; 20:264. [PMID: 35676661 PMCID: PMC9175486 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin in head and neck with high incidence rate in Southern China. C2orf40 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers. However, the roles of C2orf40 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been studied. Methods In this study, a bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in NPC. The quantitative methylation levels was detected using pyrosequencing. qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression level of related RNA and proteins. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay, and colony formation capability was detected using colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The apoptosis level of cells was assessed using TUNEL staining. Endogenous DNA damage and repair were assessed by the comet assay. Cell cycle analyses carried out by flow cytometry. Finally, We used a xenograft nude mouse to verify the roles of C2orf40 in chemoresistance and radioresistance in vivo. Results We found that the C2orf40 expression was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues and inversely associated with a poor prognosis. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments confirmed that overexpression of C2orf40 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells, and promoted their sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of NPC cells. Mechanically, the expression level of C2orf40 was negatively correlated with the expression levels of CCNE1 and CDK1. Overexpression of C2orf40 induced cell cycle arrest of NPC cells at G/M phase. In addition, C2orf40 can down-regulated the expression levels of homologous recombination-related proteins (BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, and CDC25A) and inhibited the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion The results clarified the biological functions and mechanisms of C2orf40, as a tumor suppressor gene, in NPC, and provided a potential molecular target for improving the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Bharathi Devi G, Jayachandran PK, Arumugam JR, Bommannan K, Sundersingh S. Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient in Deep Molecular Response—An Unusual Case Report. South Asian J Cancer 2022; 11:175-177. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder that develops from the stem cell compartment. The classical translocation (BCR-ABL1) is present in approximately 95% of CML patients. Through disease progression, clonal evolution with additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) start appearing. Although relatively rare, chromosomal abnormalities can exist or develop in the Philadelphia (Ph)-negative clones, which may lead to the evolution of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hereby present a case of AML which emerged from a Ph-negative clone in a patient with a history of CML who was in deep molecular response. The possible mechanisms of ACAs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jhansi Rani Arumugam
- Department of Hematopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Bommannan
- Department of Hematopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shirley Sundersingh
- Department of Hematopathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Kaempferol Regresses Carcinogenesis through a Molecular Cross Talk Involved in Proliferation, Apoptosis and Inflammation on Human Cervical Cancer Cells, HeLa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains a plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry to analyze DNA content and quantitate apoptosis. Quantitative PCR and protein profiling were performed to evaluate the modulated manifestation of different genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth and inflammation. Kaempferol exhibited reduction in cell viability of HeLa cells (IC50 = 50 µM 48 h), whereas it did not show any significant effect on viability of the AC-16 cell line. Kaempferol-impacted apoptosis was definitive, as it induced DNA fragmentation, caused disruption of membrane potential, accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase and augmented early apoptosis. Consistently, kaempferol induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by modulating the expression of various genes at both transcript and protein levels. It upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, Caspases 3, and 9, etc., at the transcript level and Bad, Bax, p27, p53, p21, Caspases 3 and 8 etc. at the protein level, while it downregulated the expression of pro-survival gene BCL-2, BIRC8, MCL-1, XIAP, and NAIP at the transcript level and Bcl-2, XIAP, Livin, clap-2 at the protein level. Kaempferol attenuated oxidative stress by upregulating GSH activity and anti-inflammatory response by suppressing NF-kB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol averted rampant cell division and induced apoptosis by modulating AKT/MTOR and MAP kinase pathways. Hence, kaempferol can be considered as a natural therapeutic agent with a differential profile.
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10
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Wang ZX, Che L, Hu RS, Sun XL. Comparative Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Sporulated Oocysts and Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii Reveals Stage-Specific Patterns. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031022. [PMID: 35164288 PMCID: PMC8839046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan of severe threat to humans and livestock, whose life history harbors both gamic and apogamic stages. Chinese 1 (ToxoDB#9) was a preponderant genotype epidemic in food-derived animals and humans in China, with a different pathogenesis from the strains from the other nations of the world. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins were critical mediators of the biology, developmental transforms, and pathogenesis of protozoan parasites. The phosphoprotein profiling and the difference between the developmental phases of T. gondii, contributing to development and infectivity, remain unknown. A quantitative phosphoproteomic approach using IBT integrated with TiO2 affinity chromatography was applied to identify and analyze the difference in the phosphoproteomes between the sporulated oocysts and the tachyzoites of the virulent ToxoDB#9 (PYS) strain of T. gondii. A total of 4058 differential phosphopeptides, consisting of 2597 upregulated and 1461 downregulated phosphopeptides, were characterized between sporulated the oocysts and tachyzoites. Twenty-one motifs extracted from the upregulated phosphopeptides contained 19 serine motifs and 2 threonine motifs (GxxTP and TP), whereas 16 motifs identified from downregulated phosphopeptides included 13 serine motifs and 3 threonine motifs (KxxT, RxxT, and TP). Beyond the traditional kinases, some infrequent classes of kinases, including Ab1, EGFR, INSR, Jak, Src and Syk, were found to be corresponding to motifs from the upregulated and downregulated phosphopeptides. Remarkable functional properties of the differentially expressed phosphoproteins were discovered by GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and STRING analysis. S8GFS8 (DNMT1-RFD domain-containing protein) and S8F5G5 (Histone kinase SNF1) were the two most connected peptides in the kinase-associated network. Out of these, phosphorylated modifications in histone kinase SNF1 have functioned in mitosis and interphase of T. gondii, as well as in the regulation of gene expression relevant to differentiation. Our study discovered a remarkable difference in the abundance of phosphopeptides between the sporulated oocysts and tachyzoites of the virulent ToxoDB#9 (PYS) strain of T. gondii, which may provide a new resource for understanding stage-specific differences in PTMs and may enhance the illustration of the regulatory mechanisms contributing to the development and infectivity of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (X.-L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Liang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (X.-L.S.)
| | - Rui-Si Hu
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Xiao-Lin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.C.); (X.-L.S.)
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11
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Kuchur OA, Kuzmina DO, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. The p53 Protein Family in the Response of Tumor Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Problem Development. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:65-76. [PMID: 34707898 PMCID: PMC8526179 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival mechanisms are activated in tumor cells in response to therapeutic ionizing radiation. This reduces a treatment's effectiveness. The p53, p63, and p73 proteins belonging to the family of proteins that regulate the numerous pathways of intracellular signal transduction play a key role in the development of radioresistance. This review analyzes the p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms involved in overcoming the resistance of tumor cells to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Kuchur
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
| | | | | | - A. A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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13
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Gene 33/Mig6/ERRFI1, an Adapter Protein with Complex Functions in Cell Biology and Human Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071574. [PMID: 34206547 PMCID: PMC8306081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene 33 (also named Mig6, RALT, and ERRFI1) is an adapter/scaffold protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 50 kD. It contains multiple domains known to mediate protein–protein interaction, suggesting that it has the potential to interact with many cellular partners and have multiple cellular functions. The research over the last two decades has confirmed that it indeed regulates multiple cell signaling pathways and is involved in many pathophysiological processes. Gene 33 has long been viewed as an exclusively cytosolic protein. However, recent evidence suggests that it also has nuclear and chromatin-associated functions. These new findings highlight a significantly broader functional spectrum of this protein. In this review, we will discuss the function and regulation of Gene 33, as well as its association with human pathophysiological conditions in light of the recent research progress on this protein.
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14
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Pawge G, Khatik GL. p53 regulated senescence mechanism and role of its modulators in age-related disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114651. [PMID: 34118220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple co-morbidities are associated with age, and there is a need for the broad-spectrum drug to prevent multiple regimens that may cause an adverse effect in the geriatric population. Cellular senescence is a primary mechanism for ageing in various tissues. p53, a tumor suppressor protein, plays a significant role in forming DNA damage foci and post different stress responses. DNA damage foci can be transient or persistent that can progress to DNA-SCARS inducing senescence. p53 also plays a role in apoptosis and negative regulation of SASP. Few upstream targets like FOXO4, MDM2, MDM4, USP7 control the availability of p53 for apoptosis. Hence, the senolytic therapies, modulating p53 upstream targets, can be a good approach for preventing age-related disorders. This review discusses the insights on the role of p53 in the formation of DNA-SCARS, various upstream target proteins, and pathways involved in p53 regulation. Further, the review aimed to include recently discovered small molecules acting on these upstream targets, and those can be modified using medicinal chemistry approaches to give successful senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Pawge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India.
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15
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Kara A, Özgür A, Nalbantoğlu S, Karadağ A. DNA repair pathways and their roles in drug resistance for lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3813-3825. [PMID: 33856604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer type of death rate. The lung adenocarcinoma subtype is responsible for almost half of the total lung cancer deaths. Despite the improvements in cancer treatment in recent years, lung adenocarcinoma patients' overall survival rate remains poor. Immunetherapy and chemotherapy are two of the most widely used options for the treatment of cancer. Although many cancer types initially respond to these treatments, the development of resistance is inevitable. The rapid development of drug resistance mainly characterizes lung adenocarcinoma. Despite being the subject of many studies in recent years, the resistance initiation and progression mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we have examined the role of the primary DNA repair pathways (non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, homologous-recombinant repair (HR) pathway, base excision repair (BER) pathway, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and transactivation mechanisms of tumor protein 53 (TP53) in drug resistance development. This review suggests that mentioned pathways have essential roles in developing the resistance against chemotherapy and immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Kara
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Özgür
- Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Artova Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sinem Nalbantoğlu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karadağ
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
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16
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Woo TT, Chuang CN, Wang TF. Budding yeast Rad51: a paradigm for how phosphorylation and intrinsic structural disorder regulate homologous recombination and protein homeostasis. Curr Genet 2021; 67:389-396. [PMID: 33433732 PMCID: PMC8139929 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The RecA-family recombinase Rad51 is the central player in homologous recombination (HR), the faithful pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during both mitosis and meiosis. The behavior of Rad51 protein in vivo is fine-tuned via posttranslational modifications conducted by multiple protein kinases in response to cell cycle cues and DNA lesions. Unrepaired DSBs and ssDNA also activate Mec1ATR and Tel1ATM family kinases to initiate the DNA damage response (DDR) that safeguards genomic integrity. Defects in HR and DDR trigger genome instability and result in cancer predisposition, infertility, developmental defects, neurological diseases or premature aging. Intriguingly, yeast Mec1ATR- and Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation promotes Rad51 protein stability during DDR, revealing how Mec1ATR can alleviate proteotoxic stress. Moreover, Mec1ATR- and Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation also occurs on DDR-unrelated proteins, suggesting that Mec1ATR and Tel1ATM have a DDR-independent function in protein homeostasis. In this minireview, we first describe how human and budding yeast Rad51 are phosphorylated by multiple protein kinases at different positions to promote homology-directed DNA repair and recombination (HDRR). Then, we discuss recent findings showing that intrinsic structural disorder and Mec1ATR/Tel1ATM-dependent phosphorylation are coordinated in yeast Rad51 to regulate both HR and protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ting Woo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ning Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Novak M, Baebler Š, Žegura B, Rotter A, Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Bakos K, Csenki Z, Kovács R, Horváth Á, Gazsi G, Filipič M. Deregulation of whole-transcriptome gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after chronic exposure to low doses of imatinib mesylate in a complete life cycle study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128097. [PMID: 33297093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an anticancer drug that belongs to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We report the results of the first investigation of the chronic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to IM. The exposure to IM (0.01, 1 and 100 μg/L) was initiated in adult fish and continued through hatching and the offspring generation for seven months. In addition to standard toxicological endpoints, induction of genotoxic effects and whole-genome transcriptome of liver samples of offspring generation of zebrafish were analysed. Exposure to IM did not affect the survival and growth of zebrafish, did not cause any histopathological changes, but it induced a marginal increase in the chromosomal damage in blood cells. The whole-genome transcriptome analyses demonstrated dose-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed genes with a significantly higher number of deregulated genes in female fish compared to male. Differentially expressed genes included genes involved in response to DNA damage, cell cycle control and regulation of circadian rhythm. Based on the low genotoxic activity and the pattern of the changes in DNA damage responsive genes we consider that at current environmental exposure levels, IM represents low risk for genotoxic effects in aquatic organisms. Exposure to IM also induced deregulation of the expression of genes associated with steroidogenesis and hormone metabolism and function, which indicates hormone-disrupting activity of IM that has not been studied so far. The study provide new information on the potential consequences of chronic exposure to the residues of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Novak
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Špela Baebler
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rotter
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gazsi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Srivastava A, Giangiobbe S, Skopelitou D, Miao B, Paramasivam N, Diquigiovanni C, Bonora E, Hemminki K, Försti A, Bandapalli OR. Whole Genome Sequencing Prioritizes CHEK2, EWSR1, and TIAM1 as Possible Predisposition Genes for Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:600682. [PMID: 33692755 PMCID: PMC7937922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.600682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial inheritance in non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) is an area that has yet to be adequately explored. Despite evidence suggesting strong familial clustering of non-syndromic NMTC, known variants still account for a very small percentage of the genetic burden. In a recent whole genome sequencing (WGS) study of five families with several NMTCs, we shortlisted promising variants with the help of our in-house developed Familial Cancer Variant Prioritization Pipeline (FCVPPv2). Here, we report potentially disease-causing variants in checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) and T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 (TIAM1) in one family. Performing WGS on three cases, one probable case and one healthy individual in a family with familial NMTC left us with 112254 variants with a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%, which was reduced by pedigree-based filtering to 6368. Application of the pipeline led to the prioritization of seven coding and nine non-coding variants from this family. The variant identified in CHEK2, a known tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage-induced DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, has been previously identified as a germline variant in breast and prostate cancer and has been functionally validated by Roeb et al. in a yeast-based assay to have an intermediate effect on protein function. We thus hypothesized that this family may harbor additional disease-causing variants in other functionally related genes. We evaluated two further variants in EWSR1 and TIAM1 with promising in silico results and reported interaction in the DNA-damage repair pathway. Hence, we propose a polygenic mode of inheritance in this family. As familial NMTC is considered to be more aggressive than its sporadic counterpart, it is important to identify such susceptibility genes and their associated pathways. In this way, the advancement of personalized medicine in NMTC patients can be fostered. We also wish to reopen the discussion on monogenic vs polygenic inheritance in NMTC and instigate further development in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Preclinical Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Giangiobbe
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diamanto Skopelitou
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Preclinical Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beiping Miao
- Preclinical Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Molecular Diagnostics Program, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malphigi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malphigi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Preclinical Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Preclinical Pediatric Oncology, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Obul Reddy Bandapalli,
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19
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Tao T, Liu M, Chen M, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu T, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Zhang JH. Natural medicine in neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Challenges and prospective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Kim BW, Jeong YE, Wong M, Martin LJ. DNA damage accumulates and responses are engaged in human ALS brain and spinal motor neurons and DNA repair is activatable in iPSC-derived motor neurons with SOD1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:7. [PMID: 32005289 PMCID: PMC6995159 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, relationships between DNA damage accumulation, DNA damage response (DDR), and upper and lower motor neuron vulnerability in human ALS are unclear; furthermore, it is unknown whether epigenetic silencing of DNA repair pathways contributes to ALS pathogenesis. We tested the hypotheses that DNA damage accumulates in ALS motor neurons along with diminished DDR, and that DNA repair genes undergo hypermethylation. Human postmortem CNS tissue was obtained from ALS cases (N = 34) and age-matched controls without neurologic disease (N = 15). Compared to age-matched controls, abasic sites accumulated in genomic DNA of ALS motor cortex and laser capture microdissection-acquired spinal motor neurons but not in motor neuron mitochondrial DNA. By immunohistochemistry, DNA damage accumulated significantly in upper and lower motor neurons in ALS cases as single-stranded DNA and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (OHdG) compared to age-matched controls. Significant DDR was engaged in ALS motor neurons as evidenced by accumulation of c-Abl, nuclear BRCA1, and ATM activation. DNA damage and DDR were present in motor neurons at pre-attritional stages and throughout the somatodendritic attritional stages of neurodegeneration. Motor neurons with DNA damage were also positive for activated p53 and cleaved caspase-3. Gene-specific promoter DNA methylation pyrosequencing identified the DNA repair genes Ogg1, Apex1, Pnkp and Aptx as hypomethylated in ALS. In human induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons with familial ALS SOD1 mutations, DNA repair capacity was similar to isogenic control motor neurons. Our results show that vulnerable neurons in human ALS accumulate DNA damage, and contrary to our hypothesis, strongly activate and mobilize response effectors and DNA repair genes. This DDR in ALS motor neurons involves recruitment of c-Abl and BRCA1 to the nucleus in vivo, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in human ALS motor neurons with SOD1 mutations in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2196, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, the Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ye Eun Jeong
- Division of Neuropathology, the Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2196, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2196, USA.
- Division of Neuropathology, the Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Zhu H, Yang B, Liu J, Wu W, Ling Y. Case Report of acute myeloid leukemia with "WT1, ATRX, CEBPA, CSMD1, IKZF1, and LRP1B mutation and translocation between chromosome 1 and 19" developing from Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia after TKI therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18888. [PMID: 32011516 PMCID: PMC7220085 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has greatly prolonged the survival time of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), harboring the characteristic Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. However, a fraction of patients, achieving complete cytogenetic response after TKI therapy, develop a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with additional clonal chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia-negative cells (CCA/Ph-). PATIENT CONCERNS A 56-year-old woman with AML, developing from Philadelphia-negative CML after TKI therapy. She showed 6 kinds of somatic variants-CEBPA, ATRX, WT1, CSMD1, IKZF1, and LRP1B mutation after diagnosed as AML. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with chronic phase CML that developed to AML after achieving durable complete cytogenetic response (CCR) and major molecular response (MMR). INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with TKI therapy at the period of CML. When diagnosed with AML, she received induction chemotherapy regimens, consolidation therapy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation subsequently. OUTCOMES The patient has been CCR and MMR for nearly 4 years, and has achieved complete remission after intervention related to AML. She is now preparing for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. LESSONS These rare occurrences highlight the importance of exploring the relevant pathogenesis of AML developing from CML after TKI therapy. In addition to monitoring molecular changes in the course of CML, cytogenetic analysis, or next-generation sequencing of CML patients should be performed.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/complications
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Translocation, Genetic
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22
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Heylmann D, Badura J, Becker H, Fahrer J, Kaina B. Sensitivity of CD3/CD28-stimulated versus non-stimulated lymphocytes to ionizing radiation and genotoxic anticancer drugs: key role of ATM in the differential radiation response. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1053. [PMID: 30323167 PMCID: PMC6189042 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of T cells, a major fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCS), is essential for the immune response. Genotoxic stress resulting from ionizing radiation (IR) and chemical agents, including anticancer drugs, has serious impact on T cells and, therefore, on the immune status. Here we compared the sensitivity of non-stimulated (non-proliferating) vs. CD3/CD28-stimulated (proliferating) PBLC to IR. PBLCs were highly sensitive to IR and, surprisingly, stimulation to proliferation resulted in resistance to IR. Radioprotection following CD3/CD28 activation was observed in different T-cell subsets, whereas stimulated CD34+ progenitor cells did not become resistant to IR. Following stimulation, PBLCs showed no significant differences in the repair of IR-induced DNA damage compared with unstimulated cells. Interestingly, ATM is expressed at high level in resting PBLCs and CD3/CD28 stimulation leads to transcriptional downregulation and reduced ATM phosphorylation following IR, indicating ATM to be key regulator of the high radiosensitivity of resting PBLCs. In line with this, pharmacological inhibition of ATM caused radioresistance of unstimulated, but not stimulated, PBLCs. Radioprotection was also achieved by inhibition of MRE11 and CHK1/CHK2, supporting the notion that downregulation of the MRN-ATM-CHK pathway following CD3/CD28 activation results in radioprotection of proliferating PBLCs. Interestingly, the crosslinking anticancer drug mafosfamide induced, like IR, more death in unstimulated than in stimulated PBLCs. In contrast, the bacterial toxin CDT, damaging DNA through inherent DNase activity, and the DNA methylating anticancer drug temozolomide induced more death in CD3/CD28-stimulated than in unstimulated PBLCs. Thus, the sensitivity of stimulated vs. non-stimulated lymphocytes to genotoxins strongly depends on the kind of DNA damage induced. This is the first study in which the killing response of non-proliferating vs. proliferating T cells was comparatively determined. The data provide insights on how immunotherapeutic strategies resting on T-cell activation can be impacted by differential cytotoxic effects resulting from radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heylmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Badura
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huong Becker
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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23
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Pushkarev VM, Kovzun OI, Pushkarev VV, Guda BB, Tronko MD. Biochemical aspects of the combined use of taxanes, irradiation and other antineoplastic agents for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Zhu Y, Liu X, Ding X, Wang F, Geng X. Telomere and its role in the aging pathways: telomere shortening, cell senescence and mitochondria dysfunction. Biogerontology 2018; 20:1-16. [PMID: 30229407 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process characterized by a progressive functional decline in tissues and organs, which eventually leads to mortality. Telomeres, the repetitive DNA repeat sequences at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes protecting chromosome ends from degradation and illegitimate recombination, play a crucial role in cell fate and aging. Due to the mechanism of replication, telomeres shorten as cells proliferate, which consequently contributes to cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction. Cells are the basic unit of organismal structure and function, and mitochondria are the powerhouse and metabolic center of cells. Therefore, cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction would result in tissue or organ degeneration and dysfunction followed by somatic aging through multiple pathways. In this review, we summarized the main mechanisms of cellular senescence, mitochondrial malfunction and aging triggered by telomere attrition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the aging process may elicit new strategies for improving health and extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuelu Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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25
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Melkus MW, Yin S, Tang SN, Jiang P, Pramanik K, Wu W, Kim S, Ye M, Hu H, Lu J, Jiang C. Role of P53-Senescence Induction in Suppression of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Growth by Cardiotonic Compound Bufalin. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2341-2352. [PMID: 30166403 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bufalin is a major cardiotonic compound in the traditional Chinese medicine, Chansu, prepared from toad skin secretions. Cell culture studies have suggested an anticancer potential involving multiple cellular processes, including differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis. In prostate cancer cell models, P53-dependent and independent caspase-mediated apoptosis and androgen receptor (AR) antagonism have been described for bufalin at micromolar concentrations. Because a human pharmacokinetic study indicated that single nanomolar bufalin was safely achievable in the peripheral circulation, we evaluated its cellular activity within range with the AR-positive and P53 wild-type human LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro Our data show that bufalin induced caspase-mediated apoptosis at 20 nmol/L or higher concentration with concomitant suppression of AR protein and its best-known target, PSA and steroid receptor coactivator 1 and 3 (SRC-1, SRC-3). Bufalin exposure induced protein abundance of P53 (not mRNA) and P21CIP1 (CDKN1A), G2 arrest, and increased senescence-like phenotype (SA-galactosidase). Small RNAi knocking down of P53 attenuated bufalin-induced senescence, whereas knocking down of P21CIP1 exacerbated bufalin-induced caspase-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, daily intraperitoneal injection of bufalin (1.5 mg/kg body weight) for 9 weeks delayed LNCaP subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in NSG SCID mice with a 67% decrease of final weight without affecting body weight. Tumors from bufalin-treated mice exhibited increased phospho-P53 and SA-galactosidase without detectable caspase-mediated apoptosis or suppression of AR and PSA. Our data suggest potential applications of bufalin in therapy of prostate cancer in patients or chemo-interception of prostate precancerous lesions, engaging a selective activation of P53 senescence. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2341-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Yinhui Dong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas.,Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael W Melkus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas.,Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ni Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Peixin Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Kartick Pramanik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sangyub Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Ye
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas. .,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas. .,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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26
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Strzeszewska A, Alster O, Mosieniak G, Ciolko A, Sikora E. Insight into the role of PIKK family members and NF-кB in DNAdamage-induced senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype of colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29352261 PMCID: PMC5833415 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescence of cancer cells is an important outcome of treatment of many cancer types. Cell senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest induced by stress conditions, including DNA damage. DNA damage activates DNA damage response (DDR), which involves members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) superfamily: protein kinases ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs. The so-far collected data indicate that ATM, with its downstream targets CHK2, p53, and p21, is the key protein involved in DDR-dependent senescence. It was also documented that the so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype-SASP relies on ATM/CHK2, and not on p53 signaling. Moreover, genotoxic agents used in cancer treatment can activate NF-κB, which also induces transcription of SASP genes. In this paper, we have studied the involvement of three PIKK family members in colon cancer cell senescence and connection between DNA-damage-induced senescence and NF-κB-regulated SASP in p53-proficient and p53-deficient colon cancer cells treated with doxorubicin. We showed that doxorubicin induced cell senescence in both p53+/+ and p53−/− HCT116 cells, proving that this process is p53-independent. Senescence was successfully abrogated by a PIKK inhibitor, caffeine, or by simultaneous silencing of three PIKKs by specific siRNAs. By silencing individual members of PIKK family and analyzing common markers of senescence, the level of p21 and SA-β-Gal activity, we came to the conclusion that ATR kinase is crucial for the onset of senescence as, in contrast to ATM and DNA-PKsc, it could not be fully substituted by other PIKKs. Moreover, we showed that in case of silencing the three PIKKs, there was no SASP reduction accompanying the decrease in the level of p21 and SA-β-Gal (Senescence-Associated-β-Galactosidase) activity; whereas knocking down the NF-κB component, p65, abrogated SASP, but did not affect other markers of senescence, proving that DNA damage regulated senescence independently and NF-κB evoked SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strzeszewska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Alster
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Mosieniak
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Ciolko
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Oxidative stress and DNA damage after cerebral ischemia: Potential therapeutic targets to repair the genome and improve stroke recovery. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:208-217. [PMID: 29128308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in oxidative stress research, particularly in the context of ischemic brain injury. Oxidative stress in ischemic tissues compromises the integrity of the genome, resulting in DNA lesions, cell death in neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, and impairments in neurological recovery after stroke. As DNA is particularly vulnerable to oxidative attack, cells have evolved the ability to induce multiple DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and non-homogenous endpoint jointing (NHEJ). Defective DNA repair is tightly correlated with worse neurological outcomes after stroke, whereas upregulation of DNA repair enzymes, such as APE1, OGG1, and XRCC1, improves long-term functional recovery following stroke. Indeed, DNA damage and repair are now known to play critical roles in fundamental aspects of stroke recovery, such as neurogenesis, white matter recovery, and neurovascular unit remodeling. Several DNA repair enzymes are essential for comprehensive neural repair mechanisms after stroke, including Polβ and NEIL3 for neurogenesis, APE1 for white matter repair, Gadd45b for axonal regeneration, and DNA-PKs for neurovascular remodeling. This review discusses the emerging role of DNA damage and repair in functional recovery after stroke and highlights the contribution of DNA repair to regenerative elements after stroke. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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28
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Li C, Park S, Zhang X, Eisenberg LM, Zhao H, Darzynkiewicz Z, Xu D. Nuclear Gene 33/Mig6 regulates the DNA damage response through an ATM serine/threonine kinase-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16746-16759. [PMID: 28842482 PMCID: PMC5633135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene 33 (Mig6, ERRFI1) is an adaptor protein with multiple cellular functions. We recently linked Gene 33 to the DNA damage response (DDR) induced by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that ectopic expression of Gene 33 triggers DDR in an ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM)-dependent fashion and through pathways dependent or not dependent on ABL proto-oncogene 1 non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Abl). We observed the clear presence of Gene 33 in the nucleus and chromatin fractions of the cell. We also found that the nuclear localization of Gene 33 is regulated by its 14-3-3-binding domain and that the chromatin localization of Gene 33 is partially dependent on its ErbB-binding domain. Our data further indicated that Gene 33 may regulate the targeting of c-Abl to chromatin. Moreover, we observed a clear association of Gene 33 with histone H2AX and that ectopic expression of Gene 33 promotes the interaction between ATM and histone H2AX without triggering DNA damage. In summary, our results reveal nuclear functions of Gene 33 that regulate DDR. The nuclear localization of Gene 33 also provides a spatial explanation of the previously reported regulation of apoptosis by Gene 33 via the c-Abl/p73 pathway. On the basis of these findings and our previous studies, we propose that Gene 33 is a proximal regulator of DDR that promotes DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Li
- From the Department of Pathology
| | | | | | | | - Hong Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology
- the Brander Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- From the Department of Pathology
- the Brander Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
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29
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Deschênes M, Chabot B. The emerging role of alternative splicing in senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:918-933. [PMID: 28703423 PMCID: PMC5595669 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of precursor mRNA splicing is associated with many illnesses and has been linked to age-related chronic diseases. Here we review recent progress documenting how defects in the machinery that performs intron removal and controls splice site selection contribute to cellular senescence and organismal aging. We discuss the functional association linking p53, IGF-1, SIRT1, and ING-1 splice variants with senescence and aging, and review a selection of splicing defects occurring in accelerated aging (progeria), vascular aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in the activity of splicing factors and in the production of key splice variants can impact cellular senescence and the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Deschênes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecJ1E 4K8Canada
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30
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Chen Z, Cao Z, Zhang W, Gu M, Zhou ZD, Li B, Li J, Tan EK, Zeng L. LRRK2 interacts with ATM and regulates Mdm2–p53 cell proliferation axis in response to genotoxic stress. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4494-4505. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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31
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c-Abl regulates gastrointestinal muscularis propria homeostasis via ERKs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3563. [PMID: 28620185 PMCID: PMC5472598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for food digestion and absorption. The muscularis propria propels the foodstuff through the GI tract and defects in intestine motility may cause obstruction disorders. Our present genetic studies identified non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl as an important regulator of the muscularis propria homeostasis and a risk factor for rectal prolapse. Mouse deficient for c-Abl showed defects in the muscularis propria of gastrointestinal tract and older c-Abl -/- mice developed megaesophagus and rectal prolapse. Inhibition of c-Abl with imatinib mesylate, an anti-CML drug, or ablation of c-Abl using Prx1-Cre, which marks smooth muscle cells, recapitulated most of the muscularis propria phenotypes. The pathogenesis of rectal prolapse was attributable to overproliferation of smooth muscle cells, which was caused by enhanced ERK1/2 activation. Administration of ERK inhibitor U0126 impeded the development of rectal prolapse in c-Abl deficient mice. These results reveal a role for c-Abl-regulated smooth muscle proliferation in the pathogenesis of rectal prolapse, and imply that long-term use of imatinib mesylate may cause gastrointestinal problems in patients while ERK inhibitor may be effective in treating rectal prolapse.
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32
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Dong Q, Li C, Qu X, Cao C, Liu X. Global Regulation of Differential Gene Expression by c-Abl/Arg Oncogenic Kinases. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2625-2635. [PMID: 28555614 PMCID: PMC5462482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that c-Abl oncogenic kinases may regulate gene transcription by RNA polymerase II phosphorylation or by direct regulation of specific transcription factors or coactivators. However, the global regulation of differential gene expression by c-Abl/Arg is largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by c-Abl/Arg were identified, and related cellular functions and associated pathways were investigated. Material/Methods RNA obtained from wild-type and c-Abl/Arg gene-silenced MCF-7 cells was analyzed by RNA-Seq. DEGs were identified using edgeR software and partially validated by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to explore the potential functions of these DEGs. Results A total of 1,034 DEGs were significantly regulated by c-Abl/Arg (399 were up-regulated and 635 were down-regulated after c-Abl/Arg double knockdown). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in cellular metabolic processes, neurodegenerative disease, the metabolic process and signaling pathway of cAMP, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Conclusions Our data collectively support the hypothesis that c-Abl/Arg regulate differential gene expression, providing new insights into the biological functions of c-Abl and Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Dong
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chenggong Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuhua Qu
- Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Cao
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijng, China (mainland)
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33
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Phosphorylation of the Mdm2 oncoprotein by the c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates p53 tumor suppression and the radiosensitivity of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:15024-15029. [PMID: 27956626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611798114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor acts as a guardian of the genome by preventing the propagation of DNA damage-induced breaks and mutations to subsequent generations of cells. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the Mdm2 oncoprotein at Ser394 by the ATM kinase is required for robust p53 stabilization and activation in cells treated with ionizing radiation, and that loss of Mdm2 Ser394 phosphorylation leads to spontaneous tumorigenesis and radioresistance in Mdm2S394A mice. Previous in vitro data indicate that the c-Abl kinase phosphorylates Mdm2 at the neighboring residue (Tyr393) in response to DNA damage to regulate p53-dependent apoptosis. In this present study, we have generated an Mdm2 mutant mouse (Mdm2Y393F) to determine whether c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 regulates the p53-mediated DNA damage response or p53 tumor suppression in vivo. The Mdm2Y393F mice develop accelerated spontaneous and oncogene-induced tumors, yet display no defects in p53 stabilization and activity following acute genotoxic stress. Although apoptosis is unaltered in these mice, they recover more rapidly from radiation-induced bone marrow ablation and are more resistant to whole-body radiation-induced lethality. These data reveal an in vivo role for c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 in regulation of p53 tumor suppression and bone marrow failure. However, c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 Tyr393 appears to play a lesser role in governing Mdm2-p53 signaling than ATM phosphorylation of Mdm2 Ser394. Furthermore, the effects of these phosphorylation events on p53 regulation are not additive, as Mdm2Y393F/S394A mice and Mdm2S394A mice display similar phenotypes.
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34
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Carr MI, Jones SN. Regulation of the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis in the DNA damage response and tumorigenesis. Transl Cancer Res 2016; 5:707-724. [PMID: 28690977 PMCID: PMC5501481 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2016.11.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor acts as a guardian of the genome in mammalian cells undergoing DNA double strand breaks induced by a various forms of cell stress, including inappropriate growth signals or ionizing radiation. Following damage, p53 protein levels become greatly elevated in cells and p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor to regulate the expression a wide variety of genes that coordinate this DNA damage response. In cells undergoing high amounts of DNA damage, p53 can promote apoptosis, whereas in cells undergoing less damage, p53 promotes senescence or transient cell growth arrest and the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, depending upon the cell type and level of damage. Failure of the damaged cell to undergo growth arrest or apoptosis, or to respond to the DNA damage by other p53-coordinated mechanisms, can lead to inappropriate cell growth and tumorigenesis. In cells that have successfully responded to genetic damage, the amount of p53 present in the cell must return to basal levels in order for the cell to resume normal growth and function. Although regulation of p53 levels and function is coordinated by many proteins, it is now widely accepted that the master regulator of p53 is Mdm2. In this review, we discuss the role(s) of p53 in the DNA damage response and in tumor suppression, and how post-translational modification of Mdm2 regulates the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis to govern p53 activities in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Carr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Stephen N Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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35
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Nakamura M, Sugimoto H, Ogata T, Hiraoka K, Yoda H, Sang M, Sang M, Zhu Y, Yu M, Shimozato O, Ozaki T. Improvement of gemcitabine sensitivity of p53-mutated pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells by RUNX2 depletion-mediated augmentation of TAp73-dependent cell death. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e233. [PMID: 27294865 PMCID: PMC4945741 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer exhibits the worst prognostic outcome among human cancers. Recently, we have described that depletion of RUNX2 enhances gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity of p53-deficient pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells through the activation of TAp63-mediated cell death pathway. These findings raised a question whether RUNX2 silencing could also improve GEM efficacy on pancreatic cancer cells bearing p53 mutation. In the present study, we have extended our study to p53-mutated pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells. Based on our current results, MiaPaCa-2 cells were much more resistant to GEM as compared with p53-proficient pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells, and there existed a clear inverse relationship between the expression levels of TAp73 and RUNX2 in response to GEM. Forced expression of TAp73α in MiaPaCa-2 cells significantly promoted cell cycle arrest and/or cell death, indicating that a large amount of TAp73 might induce cell death even in the presence of mutant p53. Consistent with this notion, overexpression of TAp73α stimulated luciferase activity driven by p53/TAp73-target gene promoters in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Similar to AsPC-1 cells, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of RUNX2 remarkably enhanced GEM sensitivity of MiPaCa-2 cells. Under our experimental conditions, TAp73 further accumulated in RUNX2-depleted MiaPaCa-2 cells exposed to GEM relative to GEM-treated non-silencing control cells. As expected, silencing of p73 reduced GEM sensitivity of MiPaCa-2 cells. Moreover, GEM-mediated Tyr phosphorylation level of TAp73 was much more elevated in RUNX2-depleted MiaPaCa-2 cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that knockdown of RUNX2 contributes to a prominent enhancement of GEM sensitivity of p53-mutated pancreatic cancer cells through the activation of TAp73-mediated cell death pathway, and also provides a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer bearing p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Sugimoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Yoda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Sang
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - M Sang
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, P.R. China
| | - Y Zhu
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Sheng province, P.R. China
| | - M Yu
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Animal of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Sheng province, P.R. China
| | - O Shimozato
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Cao N, Li JK, Rao YQ, Liu H, Wu J, Li B, Zhao P, Zeng L, Li J. A potential role for protein palmitoylation and zDHHC16 in DNA damage response. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:12. [PMID: 27159997 PMCID: PMC4862184 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells respond to DNA damage by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related kinases, p53 and other pathways to promote cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and/or DNA repair. Here we report that protein palmitoylation, a modification carried out by protein acyltransferases with zinc-finger and Asp-His-His-Cys domains (zDHHC), is required for proper DNA damage responses. RESULTS Inhibition of protein palmitoylation compromised DNA damage-induced activation of Atm, induction and activation of p53, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and DNA damage foci assembly/disassembly in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Furthermore, knockout of zDHHC16, a palmitoyltransferase gene identified as an interacting protein for c-Abl, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in DNA damage response, reproduced most of the defects in DNA damage responses produced by the inhibition of protein palmitoylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed critical roles for protein palmitoylation and palmitoyltransferase zDHHC16 in early stages of DNA damage responses and in the regulation of Atm activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cao
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jia-Kai Li
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Rao
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Ji Wu
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Baojie Li
- />Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zeng
- />Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Woodard TL, Bolcun-Filas E. Prolonging Reproductive Life after Cancer: The Need for Fertoprotective Therapies. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:222-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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He D, Xiang J, Li B, Liu H. The dynamic behavior of Ect2 in response to DNA damage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24504. [PMID: 27074761 PMCID: PMC4830932 DOI: 10.1038/srep24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ect2 is a BRCT-containing guanidine exchange factor for Rho GTPases. It is essential for cytokinesis and is also involved in tumorigenesis. Since most BRCT-containing proteins are involved in DNA damage response and/or DNA repair, we tested whether Ect2 plays similar roles. We report that in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), DNA damage quickly led to Ect2 relocalization to the chromatin and DNA damage foci-like structures. Ect2 knockdown did not affect foci localization of γH2AX, TopBP1, or Brca1, or activation of Atm, yet it impeded p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and activation, and resulted in defects in apoptosis and activation of S and G2/M checkpoints in response to DNA damage. These results suggest that Ect2 plays a role in DNA damage response. Interestingly, Ect2 is down-regulated at late stages of DNA damage response. Although p53 and E2F1 have been shown to regulate Ect2 transcription, DNA damage-induced Ect2 down-regulation occurred in p53-/- or Atm-/- MEFs and E2F1 knockdown cells. Instead, DNA damage-induced Ect2 down-regulation is mainly attributable to decreased protein stability. Like Ect2 knockdown, Ect2 destabilization may help the cell to recover from DNA damage response. These results suggest that Ect2 plays roles in multiple aspects of DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinnan Xiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Ma Y, Yang Q, Chen X, Liang W, Ren Z, Ding G. c-Abl contributes to glucose-promoted apoptosis via p53 signaling pathway in podocytes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 113:171-8. [PMID: 26810274 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl in high glucose-induced podocyte injury and its possible signal transduction pathway. METHODS Sixteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a group with diabetes and a normal control group. Subsequently, differentiated mouse podocytes were exposed to high-glucose conditions, and podocyte apoptosis was then assessed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to measure c-Abl expression. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used and c-Abl siRNA was applied to evaluate the interaction between c-Abl and p53. RESULTS High glucose promotes podocyte apoptosis. The c-Abl expression in podocytes was increased after exposure to high glucose, stimulating the p53 signaling pathway. Conversely, treatment with c-Abl siRNA restored high glucose-promoted podocyte apoptosis and resulted in the reduction of p53 expression. CONCLUSION c-Abl contributes to high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis via p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhilong Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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Prokhorova EA, Zamaraev AV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B, Lavrik IN. Role of the nucleus in apoptosis: signaling and execution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4593-612. [PMID: 26346492 PMCID: PMC11113907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since their establishment in the early 1970s, the nuclear changes upon apoptosis induction, such as the condensation of chromatin, disassembly of nuclear scaffold proteins and degradation of DNA, were, and still are, considered as the essential steps and hallmarks of apoptosis. These are the characteristics of the execution phase of apoptotic cell death. In addition, accumulating data clearly show that some nuclear events can lead to the induction of apoptosis. In particular, if DNA lesions resulting from deregulation during the cell cycle or DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs or viral infection cannot be efficiently eliminated, apoptotic mechanisms, which enable cellular transformation to be avoided, are activated in the nucleus. The functional heterogeneity of the nuclear organization allows the tight regulation of these signaling events that involve the movement of various nuclear proteins to other intracellular compartments (and vice versa) to initiate and govern apoptosis. Here, we discuss how these events are coordinated to execute apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A Prokhorova
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Zamaraev
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Translational Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Devarie-Baez NO, Silva Lopez EI, Furdui CM. Biological chemistry and functionality of protein sulfenic acids and related thiol modifications. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:172-94. [PMID: 26340608 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective modification of proteins at cysteine residues by reactive oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur species formed under physiological and pathological states is emerging as a critical regulator of protein activity impacting cellular function. This review focuses primarily on protein sulfenylation (-SOH), a metastable reversible modification connecting reduced cysteine thiols to many products of cysteine oxidation. An overview is first provided on the chemistry principles underlining synthesis, stability and reactivity of sulfenic acids in model compounds and proteins, followed by a brief description of analytical methods currently employed to characterize these oxidative species. The following chapters present a selection of redox-regulated proteins for which the -SOH formation was experimentally confirmed and linked to protein function. These chapters are organized based on the participation of these proteins in the regulation of signaling, metabolism and epigenetics. The last chapter discusses the therapeutic implications of altered redox microenvironment and protein oxidation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmi O Devarie-Baez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Elsa I Silva Lopez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
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Rho GTPases: Novel Players in the Regulation of the DNA Damage Response? Biomolecules 2015; 5:2417-34. [PMID: 26437439 PMCID: PMC4693241 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) belongs to the family of Ras-homologous small GTPases. It is well characterized as a membrane-bound signal transducing molecule that is involved in the regulation of cell motility and adhesion as well as cell cycle progression, mitosis, cell death and gene expression. Rac1 also adjusts cellular responses to genotoxic stress by regulating the activity of stress kinases, including c-Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 kinases as well as related transcription factors. Apart from being found on the inner side of the outer cell membrane and in the cytosol, Rac1 has also been detected inside the nucleus. Different lines of evidence indicate that genotoxin-induced DNA damage is able to activate nuclear Rac1. The exact mechanisms involved and the biological consequences, however, are unclear. The data available so far indicate that Rac1 might integrate DNA damage independent and DNA damage dependent cellular stress responses following genotoxin treatment, thereby coordinating mechanisms of the DNA damage response (DDR) that are related to DNA repair, survival and cell death.
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43
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Fukuhara S, Chang I, Mitsui Y, Chiyomaru T, Yamamura S, Majid S, Saini S, Hirata H, Deng G, Gill A, Wong DK, Shiina H, Nonomura N, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y. DNA mismatch repair gene MLH1 induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11297-307. [PMID: 25526032 PMCID: PMC4294331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes have been shown to be deficient in prostate cancer (PCa). MMR can influence the regulation of tumor development in various cancers but their role on PCa has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional effects of the mutL-homolog 1 (MLH1) gene on growth of PCa cells. The DU145 cell line has been established as MLH1-deficient and thus, this cell line was utilized to determine effects of MLH1 by gene expression. Lack of MLH1 protein expression was confirmed by Western blotting in DU145 cells whereas levels were high in normal PWR-1E and RWPE-1 prostatic cells. MLH1-expressing stable transfectant DU145 cells were then created to characterize the effects this MMR gene has on various growth properties. Expression of MLH1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion properties. Lack of cell growth in vivo also indicated a tumor suppressive effect by MLH1. Interestingly, MLH1 caused an increase in apoptosis along with phosphorylated c-Abl, and treatment with MLH1 siRNAs countered this effect. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Abl with STI571 also abrogated the effect on apoptosis caused by MLH1. These results demonstrate MLH1 protects against PCa development by inducing c-Abl-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Inik Chang
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Oral Biology,Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chiyomaru
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ankurpreet Gill
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Darryn K Wong
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Shiina
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Reuven N, Adler J, Porat Z, Polonio-Vallon T, Hofmann TG, Shaul Y. The Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl Promotes Homeodomain-interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2) Accumulation and Activation in Response to DNA Damage. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16478-88. [PMID: 25944899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl is activated in response to DNA damage and induces p73-dependent apoptosis. Here, we investigated c-Abl regulation of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), an important regulator of p53-dependent apoptosis. c-Abl phosphorylated HIPK2 at several sites, and phosphorylation by c-Abl protected HIPK2 from degradation mediated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase Siah-1. c-Abl and HIPK2 synergized in activating p53 on apoptotic promoters in a reporter assay, and c-Abl was required for endogenous HIPK2 accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(46) in response to DNA damage by γ- and UV radiation. Accumulation of HIPK2 in nuclear speckles and association with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in response to DNA damage were also dependent on c-Abl activity. At high cell density, the Hippo pathway inhibits DNA damage-induced c-Abl activation. Under this condition, DNA damage-induced HIPK2 accumulation, phosphorylation of p53 at Ser(46), and apoptosis were attenuated. These data demonstrate a new mechanism for the induction of DNA damage-induced apoptosis by c-Abl and illustrate network interactions between serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases that dictate cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reuven
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics and
| | - Julia Adler
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics and
| | - Ziv Porat
- the Biological Services Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and
| | - Tilman Polonio-Vallon
- the Cellular Senescence Group, Cell and Tumor Biology Program, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- the Cellular Senescence Group, Cell and Tumor Biology Program, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yosef Shaul
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics and
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Morii M, Fukumoto Y, Kubota S, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N. Imatinib inhibits inactivation of the ATM/ATR signaling pathway and recovery from adriamycin/doxorubicin-induced DNA damage checkpoint arrest. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:923-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morii
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Kyoto Pharmaceutical University; Kyoto 607-8414 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University; Chiba 260-8675 Japan
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46
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Jaitly V, Wang W, Hu S. Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23/MLL translocation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:13. [PMID: 27358881 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although defined by the presence of t(9;22), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) can have other concurrent additional cytogenetic changes, especially during disease progression. Additional chromosomal changes (ACAs) in CML often occur in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive cells and are associated with disease acceleration and treatment resistance. Occasionally chromosomal changes occur in Ph-negative cells and this phenomenon is often transient and does not correlate with disease progression. Very rarely myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia can develop in Ph-negative cells. In this study, we report an unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 11q23/MLL translocation emerging from Ph-negative cells in a patient with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Jaitly
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Simioni C, Cani A, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Tabellini G, McCubrey J, Capitani S, Neri LM. Activity of the novel mTOR inhibitor Torin-2 in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its therapeutic potential to prevent Akt reactivation. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10034-47. [PMID: 25296981 PMCID: PMC4259403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade is a key regulatory pathway controlling cell growth and survival, and its dysregulation is a reported feature of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-pre ALL). Torin-2 is a novel, second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor that is potent and selective for mTOR with a superior pharmacokinetic profile to previous inhibitors. It has been shown that Torin-2 displayed dramatic antiproliferative activity across a panel of cancer cell lines. To investigate if Torin-2 could represent a new option for the treatment of B-pre ALL, we tested its activity on a panel of B-pre ALL cell lines. In all of them Torin-2 showed a powerful cytotoxic activity, inhibiting the growth of each cell line in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ in the nanomolar range. Torin-2 caused both apoptosis and autophagy, induced cell cycle arrest in G₀/G₁ phase and affected both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities as assessed by their specific substrate dephosphorylation. Torin-2 alone suppressed feedback activation of PI3K/Akt, whereas the mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 required the addition of the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 to achieve the same effect. These pharmacological strategies targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR at different points of the signaling pathway cascade might represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of B-pre ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Liu H, Bao D, Xia X, Chau JFL, Li B. An unconventional role of BMP-Smad1 signaling in DNA damage response: a mechanism for tumor suppression. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:450-6. [PMID: 24142423 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The genome is under constant attack by self-produced reactive oxygen species and genotoxic reagents in the environment. Cells have evolved a DNA damage response (DDR) system to sense DNA damage, to halt cell cycle progression and repair the lesions, or to induce apoptosis if encountering irreparable damage. The best studied DDR pathways are the PIKK-p53 and PIKK-Chk1/2. Mutations in these genes encoding DDR molecules usually lead to genome instability and tumorigenesis. It is worth noting that there exist unconventional pathways that facilitate the canonical pathways or take over in the absence of the canonical pathways in DDR. This review will summarize on several unconventional pathways that participate in DDR with an emphasis on the BMP-Smad1 pathway, a known regulator of mouse development and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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49
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Xu H, Zhou Y, Coughlan KA, Ding Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Song P, Zou MH. AMPKα1 deficiency promotes cellular proliferation and DNA damage via p21 reduction in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:65-73. [PMID: 25307521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy gauge and redox sensor, controls the cell cycle and protects against DNA damage. However, the molecular mechanisms by which AMPKα isoform regulates DNA damage remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if AMPKα deletion contributes to cellular hyperproliferation by reducing p21(WAF1/Cip1) (p21) expression thereby leading to accumulated DNA damage. The markers for DNA damage, cell cycle proteins, and apoptosis were monitored in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from wild type (WT, C57BL/6J), AMPKα1, or AMPKα2 homozygous deficient (AMPKα1(-/-), AMPKα2(-/-)) mice by Western blot, flow cytometry, and cellular immunofluorescence staining. Deletion of AMPKα1, the predominant AMPKα isoform, but not AMPKα2 in immortalized MEFs led to spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) which corresponded to repair protein p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci formation and subsequent apoptosis. Furthermore, AMPKα1 localizes to chromatin and AMPKα1 deletion down-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, an important protein that plays a role in decreasing the incidence of spontaneous DSB via inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, AMPKα1 null cells exhibited enhanced cell proliferation. Finally, p21 overexpression partially blocked the cellular hyperproliferation of AMPKα1-deleted MEFs via the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Taken together, our results suggest that AMPKα1 plays a fundamental role in controlling the cell cycle thereby affecting DNA damage and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Kathleen A Coughlan
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Alpay K, Farshchian M, Tuomela J, Sandholm J, Aittokallio K, Siljamäki E, Kallio M, Kähäri VM, Hietanen S. Inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity renders cancer cells highly sensitive to mitoxantrone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105526. [PMID: 25148385 PMCID: PMC4141754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although c-Abl has increasingly emerged as a key player in the DNA damage response, its role in this context is far from clear. We studied the effect of inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity by imatinib with chemotherapy drugs and found a striking difference in cell survival after combined mitoxantrone (MX) and imatinib treatment compared to a panel of other chemotherapy drugs. The combinatory treatment induced apoptosis in HeLa cells and other cancer cell lines but not in primary fibroblasts. The difference in MX and doxorubicin was related to significant augmentation of DNA damage. Transcriptionally active p53 accumulated in cells in which human papillomavirus E6 normally degrades p53. The combination treatment resulted in caspase activation and apoptosis, but this effect did not depend on either p53 or p73 activity. Despite increased p53 activity, the cells arrested in G2 phase became defective in this checkpoint, allowing cell cycle progression. The effect after MX treatment depended partially on c-Abl: Short interfering RNA knockdown of c-Abl rendered HeLa cells less sensitive to MX. The effect of imatinib was decreased by c-Abl siRNA suggesting a role for catalytically inactive c-Abl in the death cascade. These findings indicate that MX has a unique cytotoxic effect when the kinase activity of c-Abl is inhibited. The treatment results in increased DNA damage and c-Abl–dependent apoptosis, which may offer new possibilities for potentiation of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Alpay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuomela
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Cell Imaging Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaappo Aittokallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Siljamäki
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Kallio
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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