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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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2
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Qin HJ, He SY, Shen K, Lin QR, Hu YJ, Chen ZL, Yu B, Jiang N. Melatonin, a potentially effective drug for the treatment of infected bone nonunion. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12914. [PMID: 37753741 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis (OM), characterized by heterogeneity and complexity in treatment, has a high risk of infection recurrence which may cause limb disability. Management of chronic inactive osteomyelitis (CIOM) without typical inflammatory symptoms is a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. On the basis of data analysis of 1091 OM cases, we reported that latent osteogenic decline in CIOM patients was the main cause of secondary surgery. Our research shows that impairment of osteoblasts capacity in CIOM patients is associated with ferroptosis of osteoblasts caused by internalization of Staphylococcus aureus. Further studies show that melatonin could alleviate ferroptosis of osteoblasts in infected states through Nox4/ROS/P38 axis and protect the osteogenic ability of CIOM patients. Knockout of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in vivo could effectively relieve ferroptosis of osteoblasts in the state of infection and promote osteogenesis. Through a large number of clinical data analyses combined with molecular experiments, this study clarified that occult osteogenic disorders in CIOM patients were related to ferroptosis of osteoblasts. We revealed that melatonin might be a potential therapeutic drug for CIOM patients and provided a new insight for the treatment of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Qin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ying He
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Shen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Rong Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Lin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Wang T, Pang L, He M, Wang Z. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115889. [PMID: 37883895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal regulated kinase 1 (ASK1, also known as MAP3K5) is a member of the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. Since its first isolation from a human macrophage library in 1996, its research has been ongoing for over 25 years. A large number of reports have revealed that ASK1, as a key activator of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade, responds to various stressors, and its inhibitors have important potential value in the treatment of diseases such as inflammation, cancer, and the nervous system and so on. This review summarizes the recent development in this field, including the structure and signaling pathways of ASK1, with a particular focus on the structure-activity relationships, and the hit-to-lead optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lidan Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Mengni He
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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4
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Tang JL, Zhao MC, Chen H, Zhao BE, Wang YY, Guo YC, Wang TT, Cheng X, Ruan HR, Zhang JT, Wang HB. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 alleviates jejunal oxidative damage induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by influencing jejunal tissue metabolism through the improvement of jejunal microbial composition. Life Sci 2023; 334:122234. [PMID: 37931744 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, yet its precise mechanisms remain not fully understood. IIR injury is closely linked to the gut microbiota and its metabolites. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum are specific to IIR. In our study, we conducted a 30-day pre-treatment of SD rats with both a standard strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001. After a 7-day cessation of treatment, we induced an IIR injury model to investigate the mechanisms by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum alleviates IIR damage. The results demonstrate that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum effectively mitigates the inflammatory and oxidative stress damage induced by IIR. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can improve the gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In IIR intestinal tissue, the levels of secondary bile acids are elevated. The content of the bacterial metabolite Calcimycin increases. Annotations of metabolic pathways suggest that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can alleviate IIR damage by modulating calcium-phosphorus homeostasis through the regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action. Microbiota-metabolite correlation analysis reveals a significant negative correlation between calcimycin and Lactonacillus and a significant positive correlation between calcimycin and Shigella. There is also a significant positive correlation between calcimycin and secondary bile acids. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GL001 can alleviate oxidative damage induced by IIR through improvements in gut microbiota and intestinal tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ming-Chao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Bing-Er Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Ying-Chao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong-Ri Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, China.
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5
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Du Y, Xu T, Luo D, Wang Y, Yin H, Liu C, Li S. Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis in kidney cells by triggering the NOX4/ROS/JNK axis and antagonism of cannabidiol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1651-1664. [PMID: 36988283 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which can cause severe nephrotoxicity in mammals. Cannabinol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid obtained from the cannabis plant, has attracted attention in recent years for its excellent antioxidant properties. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) has an important effect in supporting normal renal physiological function. The potential mechanisms of PFOS nephrotoxicity and whether CBD can prevent renal damage caused by PFOS remain unclear. This work aimed to study the mechanisms of PFOS-induced kidney damage and the protective role of CBD against PFOS-induced kidney damage. We demonstrated that PFOS led to renal insufficiency and structural damage in mice, induced overexpression of NOX4 and the onset of oxidative stress, and activated apoptosis of the mitochondrial pathway via the JNK signaling pathway. However, treatment with CBD reversed these changes. For further investigation of the potential mechanism of PFOS-induced renal cell apoptosis, the expression of NOX4 was inhibited in vitro experiments using Apocynin, an effective NOX4 inhibitor. The outcomes showed that PFOS-induced ROS production and JNK signaling pathway activation and apoptosis in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells were significantly reduced after inhibition of NOX4. This suggests that PFOS-induced NOX4 overexpression serves as an upstream event for JNK pathway activation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that PFOS induces apoptosis in renal cells via the NOX4/ROS/JNK pathway. Meanwhile, CBD alleviated PFOS-induced renal apoptosis through the inhibition of NOX4/ROS/JNK axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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6
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Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:141-167. [PMID: 36203963 PMCID: PMC9526023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no clinical drugs available to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of AKI, the development of drugs to effectively treat AKI is a huge unmet medical need and a research hotspot. Although existing evidence fully demonstrates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) burst at the AKI site is a major contributor to AKI progression, the heterogeneity, complexity, and unique physiological structure of the kidney make most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs ineffective because of the lack of kidney targeting and side effects. Recently, nanodrugs with intrinsic kidney targeting through the control of size, shape, and surface properties have opened exciting prospects for the treatment of AKI. Many antioxidant nanodrugs have emerged to address the limitations of current AKI treatments. In this review, we systematically summarized for the first time about the emerging nanodrugs that exploit the pathological and physiological features of the kidney to overcome the limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs to achieve high AKI efficacy. First, we analyzed the pathological structural characteristics of AKI and the main pathological mechanism of AKI: hypoxia, harmful substance accumulation-induced RONS burst at the renal site despite the multifactorial initiation and heterogeneity of AKI. Subsequently, we introduced the strategies used to improve renal targeting and reviewed advances of nanodrugs for AKI: nano-RONS-sacrificial agents, antioxidant nanozymes, and nanocarriers for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. These nanodrugs have demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects, such as greatly reducing oxidative stress damage, restoring renal function, and low side effects. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future directions for translating nanodrugs into clinical AKI treatment. AKI is a common clinical acute syndrome with high morbidity and mortality but without effective clinical drug available. Hypoxia and accumulation of toxic substances are key pathological features of various heterogeneous AKI. Excessive RONS is the core of the pathological mechanism of AKI. The development of nanodrugs is expected to achieve successful treatment in AKI.
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7
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Su Y, Yin X, Huang X, Guo Q, Ma M, Guo L. Astragaloside IV ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by regulating NOX4/JNK/BAX pathway. Life Sci 2022; 310:121123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Feng R, Xiong Y, Lei Y, Huang Q, Liu H, Zhao X, Chen Z, Chen H, Liu X, Wang L, Weng X. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 aggravated oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion injury through activation of TLR4/NOX4 pathway in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4254-4267. [PMID: 35775122 PMCID: PMC9344828 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly caused by renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Lots of evidence suggests that ferroptosis and oxidative stress play the vital role in renal IRI. However, the specific mechanism of renal IRI has not been fully elucidated. lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been shown to regulate the pathogenesis of kidney disease. In this study, we firstly found that LSD1 was positively related to renal IRI. TCP, a classical LSD1 inhibitor, could alleviate tissue damage induced by renal IRI. Inhibition of LSD1 with either TCP or LSD1 knockdown could alleviate ferroptosis and oxidative stress caused by IRI both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the results showed that suppression of LSD1 decreased the expression of TLR4/NOX4 pathway in HK‐2 cells subjected to H/R. With the si‐RNA against TLR4 or NOX4, it showed that the silence of TLR4/NOX4 reduced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in vitro. Moreover, to demonstrate the crucial role of TLR4/NOX4, TLR4 reduction, mediated by inhibition of LSD1, was compensated through delivering the adenovirus carrying TLR4 in vitro. The results showed that the compensation of TLR4 blunted the alleviation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis, induced by LSD1 inhibition. Further study showed that LSD1 activates TLR4/NOX4 pathway by reducing the enrichment of H3K9me2 in the TLR4 promoter region. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that LSD1 inhibition blocked ferroptosis and oxidative stress caused by renal IRI through the TLR4/NOX4 pathway, indicating that LSD1 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Feng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yourong Lei
- Department of infection prevention and control, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kasuno K, Yodoi J, Iwano M. Urinary Thioredoxin as a Biomarker of Renal Redox Dysregulation and a Companion Diagnostic to Identify Responders to Redox-Modulating Therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1051-1065. [PMID: 34541903 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The development and progression of renal diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are the result of heterogeneous pathophysiology that reflects a range of environmental factors and, in a lesser extent, genetic mutations. The pathophysiology specific to most kidney diseases is not currently identified; therefore, these diseases are diagnosed based on non-pathological factors. For that reason, pathophysiology-based companion diagnostics for selection of pathophysiology-targeted treatments have not been available, which impedes personalized medicine in kidney disease. Recent Advances: Pathophysiology-targeted therapeutic agents are now being developed for the treatment of redox dysregulation. Redox modulation therapeutics, including bardoxolone methyl, suppresses the onset and progression of AKI and CKD. On the other hand, pathophysiology-targeted diagnostics for renal redox dysregulation are also being developed. Urinary thioredoxin (TXN) is a biomarker that can be used to diagnose tubular redox dysregulation. AKI causes oxidation and urinary excretion of TXN, which depletes TXN from the tubules, resulting in tubular redox dysregulation. Urinary TXN is selectively elevated at the onset of AKI and correlates with the progression of CKD in diabetic nephropathy. Critical Issues: Diagnostic methods should provide information about molecular mechanisms that aid in the selection of appropriate therapies to improve the prognosis of kidney disease. Future Directions: A specific diagnostic method enabling detection of redox dysregulation based on pathological molecular mechanisms is much needed and could provide the first step toward personalized medicine in kidney disease. Urinary TXN is a candidate for a companion diagnostic method to identify responders to redox-modulating therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1051-1065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kasuno
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Biostress Research Promotion Alliance (JBPA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Nrf2 in Kidney Disease: Timing Is Critical. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9275056. [PMID: 35528519 PMCID: PMC9072027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9275056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis plays a critical role in the progression of renal disease. Recent studies have shown that activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has time-dependent protective effects, which can be explained by the differing regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis during the various stages of kidney disease. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms whereby mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated and the nature of the dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in renal disease. In addition, we summarize the dual roles of Nrf2 in kidney disease by discussing the studies that have shown the importance of the timing of its activation in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This should provide a theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at activating Nrf2 in kidney disease.
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11
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Manrique-Caballero CL, Kellum JA, Gómez H, De Franco F, Giacchè N, Pellicciari R. Innovations and Emerging Therapies to Combat Renal Cell Damage: NAD + As a Drug Target. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1449-1466. [PMID: 33499758 PMCID: PMC8905249 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients. It is defined by an abrupt deterioration in renal function, clinically manifested by increased serum creatinine levels, decreased urine output, or both. To execute all its functions, namely excretion of waste products, fluid/electrolyte balance, and hormone synthesis, the kidney requires incredible amounts of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. Recent Advances: Adequate mitochondrial functioning and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis are essential to meet these high energetic demands. NAD+ is a ubiquitous essential coenzyme to many cellular functions. NAD+ as an electron acceptor mediates metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, serves as a cosubstrate of aging molecules (i.e., sirtuins), participates in DNA repair mechanisms, and mediates mitochondrial biogenesis. Critical Issues: In many forms of AKI and chronic kidney disease, renal function deterioration has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and NAD+ depletion. Based on this, therapies aiming to restore mitochondrial function and increase NAD+ availability have gained special attention in the last two decades. Future Directions: Experimental and clinical studies have shown that by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and increasing renal tubulo-epithelial cells, NAD+ availability, AKI incidence, and chronic long-term complications are significantly decreased. This review covers some general epidemiological and pathophysiological concepts; describes the role of mitochondrial homeostasis and NAD+ metabolism; and analyzes the underlying rationale and role of NAD+ aiming therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic strategies for AKI. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1449-1466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Manrique-Caballero
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hernando Gómez
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Single Cell Genomics Identifies Unique Cardioprotective Phenotype of Stem Cells derived from Epicardial Adipose Tissue under Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:294-335. [PMID: 34661829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The conventional management strategies of myocardial infarction (MI) are effective to sustain life; however, myocardial regeneration has not been achieved owing to the inherently poor regenerative capacity of the native myocardium. Stem cell-based therapies are promising; however, lineage specificity and undesired differentiation profile are challenging. Herein, we focused on the epicardial fat (EF) as an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to the proximity and same microvasculature with cardiac muscle. Unfortunately, the epicardial adipose tissue derived stem cells (EATDS) remain understudied regarding their phenotype heterogeneity and cardiac regeneration potential. As EF closely reflects the cardiac pathology during ischemia, the present study aims to determine the EATDS subpopulations under simulated ischemic and reperfused conditions employing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). EATDS were isolated from three hyperlipidemic Yucatan microswine and were divided into Control, Ischemia (ISC), and Ischemia/reperfusion (ISC/R). The scRNAseq analysis was performed using 10 genomics platform which revealed 18 unique cell clusters suggesting the existence of heterogeneous phenotypes. The upregulated genes were taken into consideration and subsequent functional assessment revealed the cardioprotective phenotypes with diverse mechanisms including epigenetic regulation (Cluster 1), myocardial homeostasis (Cluster 1), cell integrity and cell cycle (Clusters 2 and 3), prevention of fibroblast differentiation (Cluster 4), differentiation to myocardial lineage (Cluster 6), anti-inflammatory responses (Clusters 5, 8, and 11), prevention of ER-stress (Cluster 9), and increasing the energy metabolism (Cluster 10). These unique phenotypes of heterogeneous EATDS population open significant translational opportunities for myocardial regeneration and cardiac management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Ni H, Wang Y, Katwal G, Zhao Y, Sun K, Wang M, Li Q, Chen G, Miao Y, Gong N. Downregulation of XBP1 protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing HRD1-mediated NRF2 ubiquitylation. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 33654072 PMCID: PMC7925512 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the renal epithelia is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondria dysfunction, which lead to oxidative stress-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), an ERS response protein, could play a prominent role in IR-induced AKI. In this study, we revealed that XBP1 and its downstream target HRD1 participated in the crosstalk between ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulation of NRF2/HO-1-mediated reactive oxidative stress (ROS) signaling. Mice with reduced expression of XBP1 (heterozygous Xbp1±) were resistant to IR-induced AKI due to the enhanced expression of NRF2/HO-1 and diminished ROS in the kidney. Downregulation of XBP1 in renal epithelial cells resulted in reduced HRD1 expression and increased NRF2/HO-1 function, accompanied with enhanced antioxidant response. Furthermore, HRD1 served as an E3-ligase to facilitate the downregulation of NRF2 through ubiquitination-degradation pathway, and the QSLVPDI motif on NRF2 constituted an active site for its interaction with HRD1. Thus, our findings unveil an important physiological role for XBP1/HRD1 in modulating the antioxidant function of NRF2/HO-1 in the kidney under stress conditions. Molecular therapeutic approaches that target XBP1-HRD1-NRF2 pathway may represent potential effective means to treat renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiasi Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiqiang Ni
- Organ Transplant Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Transplant Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaurav Katwal
- Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery, Bharatpur, Chitwan, 44200, Nepal
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kailun Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengqin Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Miao
- Organ Transplant Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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A Cell-Penetrating Peptide That Blocks Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Protects Kidneys against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041627. [PMID: 33562802 PMCID: PMC7915942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is involved in the majority of clinical conditions that manifest as renal function deterioration; however, specific treatment for this type of injury is still far from clinical use. Since Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling is a key mediator of IRI, we examined the effect of a multiple-TLR-blocking peptide named TLR-inhibitory peptide 1 (TIP1), which exerts the strongest action on TLR4, on renal IRI. We subjected C57BL/6 mice to 23 min of renal pedicle clamping preceded by intraperitoneal injection with a vehicle or TIP1. Sham control mice underwent flank incision only. Mouse kidneys were harvested after 24 h of reperfusion for histology, western blot, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry analysis. Pretreatment with TIP1 lowered the magnitude of elevated plasma creatinine levels and attenuated tubular injury. TIP1 treatment also reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased apoptotic cells and oxidative stress in post-ischemic kidneys. In kidneys pretreated with TIP1, the infiltration of macrophages and T helper 17 cells was less abundant than those in the IRI only group. These results suggest that TIP1 has a potential beneficial effect in attenuating the degree of kidney damage induced by IRI.
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Vázquez-Carballo C, Guerrero-Hue M, García-Caballero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Opazo-Ríos L, Morgado-Pascual JL, Herencia-Bellido C, Vallejo-Mudarra M, Cortegano I, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B, Egido J, Moreno JA. Toll-Like Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020816. [PMID: 33467524 PMCID: PMC7830297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy is limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including increased risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. However, there are no specific treatments to decrease the adverse consequences of AKI. Epidemiological and preclinical studies show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also in the progression to chronic kidney disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the inflammatory response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason, a number of anti-inflammatory agents targeting TLRs have been analyzed in preclinical studies to decrease renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4, in the initiation and development of AKI as well as novel compounds targeting these molecules to diminish kidney injury associated to this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vázquez-Carballo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Melania Guerrero-Hue
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Carmen Herencia-Bellido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Mercedes Vallejo-Mudarra
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (J.E.); +34-957-218039 (J.A.M.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 140471 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (J.E.); +34-957-218039 (J.A.M.)
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Zhou W, Lin D, Zhong Z, Ye Q. Roles of TRAFs in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586487. [PMID: 33224951 PMCID: PMC7674171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are a family of signaling molecules that function downstream of multiple receptor signaling pathways, and they play a pivotal role in the regulation of intracellular biological progresses. These TRAF-dependent signaling pathways and physiological functions have been involved in the occurrence and progression of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is a common pathophysiological process that occurs in a wide variety of clinical events, including ischemic shock, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy, resulting in a poor prognosis and high mortality. IRI occurs in multiple organs, including liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain, intestine, and retina. In recent years, mounting compelling evidence has confirmed that the genetic alterations of TRAFs can cause subversive phenotype changes during IRI of those organs. In this review, based on current knowledge, we summarized and analyzed the regulatory effect of TRAFs on the IRI of various organs, providing clear direction and a firm theoretical basis for the development of treatment strategies to manipulate TRAF proteins or TRAF-dependent signaling pathways in IRI-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Lin
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zibiao Zhong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
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17
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Dinesh P, Kalaiselvan S, Sujitha S, Rasool M. MicroRNA-532-3p Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Human THP-1 Macrophages by Targeting ASK1/p38 MAPK Pathway. Inflammation 2020; 44:229-242. [PMID: 32876895 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological process which alters the normal physiological function of the immune system resulting in an abnormal microenvironment that leads to several clinical complications. The process of inflammation is mediated through various intracellular signaling factors inside the cells. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an inflammation-derived kinase that controls the activation of other family of kinases such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs), which mediates various the inflammatory processes. In this study, we cultured THP-1 macrophage cells to undergo inflammatory proliferation with LPS (1 μg/ml) and TNFα (10 ng/ml) stimulation. Initial in silico analysis was utilized to predict novel microRNAs (miRNAs) that target ASK1 signaling and its expression levels in LPS and TNFα stimulated THP-1 cells were estimated. Among the miRNAs, miR-532-3p showcased the highest binding affinity towards ASK1 kinase. We witnessed that transient transfection of miR-532-3p diminished the levels of ASK1 and downstream phosphorylation/translocation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, direct targeting of ASK1 resulted in regulation of uncontrolled release of cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-23) and chemokines (GM-CSF and MIP-2α). Overall, we suggest that miR-532-3p attenuates the pro-inflammatory nature of macrophages by targeting ASK1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and can be used as a molecular intervention for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Dinesh
- SMV 240, Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Sowmiya Kalaiselvan
- SMV 240, Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Sali Sujitha
- SMV 240, Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- SMV 240, Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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18
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Yu L, Qian J. Dihydrotanshinone I Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury via Suppressing Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920738. [PMID: 32112706 PMCID: PMC7063851 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious nervous system injury, causing extremely low quality of life and immensurable economic losses. However, there is few therapies that can effectively cure the injury. The goal of the present study was to explore the potential therapeutic effects of dihydrotanshinone I (DI) for SCI and the involving mechanism. Material/Methods A SCI rat model was structured to investigate the effects of DI on recovery of SCI. Tarlov’s scale was employed to assess the neuronal function and histopathological examination was carried out by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were detected. Tunel assay and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. Furthermore, western blot assay was used to measure the protein expressions. Results The results demonstrated that the treatment of DI alleviated the pathological damage induced by SCI and promoted the neuronal functional recovery. DI suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and TOS levels while improved the TAS level. Moreover, increased cell apoptosis in SCI rats was inhibited by administration of DI. Most importantly, DI reserved the soaring of TLR4, MyD88, HMGB1, and NOX4 level after induction of SCI. Thus, the observation revealed that the HMGB1/TLR4/NOX4 pathway may be involved in the protective effects of DI on SCI. Conclusions In conclusion, the findings suggest that DI alleviates SCI by restraining secretion of inflammatory factors, and occurrence of oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo. DI may be developed into an effective alternative therapy for SCI in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqian Yu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Dajiangdong Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jinfeng Qian
- Section IV, Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Marine Police Corps of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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19
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Song YJ, Shi Y, Cui MM, Li M, Wen XR, Zhou XY, Lou HQ, Wang YL, Qi DS, Tang M, Zhang XB. H 2S attenuates injury after ischemic stroke by diminishing the assembly of CaMKII with ASK1-MKK3-p38 signaling module. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112520. [PMID: 32006563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of learning and memory dysfunction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to confer neuroprotection in various neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral I/R-induced hippocampal CA1 injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood. In the present study, rats were pretreated with SAM/NaHS (SAM, an H2S agonist, and NaHS, an H2S donor) only or SAM/NaHS combined with CaM (an activator of CaMKII) prior to cerebral ischemia. The Morris water maze test demonstrated that SAM/NaHS could alleviate learning and memory impairment induced by cerebral I/R injury. Cresyl violet staining was used to show the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. SAM/NaHS significantly increased the number of surviving cells, whereas CaM weakened the protection induced by SAM/NaHS. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that the number of Iba1-positive microglia significantly increased after cerebral I/R. Compared with the I/R group, the number of Iba1-positive microglia in the SAM/NaHS groups significantly decreased. Co-Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were conducted to demonstrate that SAM/NaHS suppressed the assembly of CaMKII with the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signal module after cerebral I/R, which decreased the phosphorylation of p38. In contrast, CaM significantly inhibited the effects of SAM/NaHS. Taken together, the results suggested that SAM/NaHS could suppress cerebral I/R injury by downregulating p38 phosphorylation via decreasing the assembly of CaMKII with the ASK1-MKK3-p38 signal module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jian Song
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yue Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Cui
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wen
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - He-Qing Lou
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yu-Lan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Da-Shi Qi
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Man Tang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| | - Xun-Bao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
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20
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Pischke SE, Berger SP, Sanders JSF, Pol RA, Struys MMRF, Ploeg RJ, Leuvenink HGD. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation: Relevant Mechanisms in Injury and Repair. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010253. [PMID: 31963521 PMCID: PMC7019324 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological phenomenon, inevitable in kidney transplantation and one of the most important mechanisms for non- or delayed function immediately after transplantation. Long term, it is associated with acute rejection and chronic graft dysfunction due to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Recently, more insight has been gained in the underlying molecular pathways and signalling cascades involved, which opens the door to new therapeutic opportunities aiming to reduce IRI and improve graft survival. This review systemically discusses the specific molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI and highlights new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude J. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-631623075
| | - Søren E. Pischke
- Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.B.); (J.S.F.S.)
| | - Jan Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.B.); (J.S.F.S.)
| | - Robert A. Pol
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
| | - Michel M. R. F. Struys
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rutger J. Ploeg
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Henri G. D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.A.P.); (R.J.P.); (H.G.D.L.)
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21
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Zhou YL, Yan YM, Li SY, He DH, Xiong S, Wei SF, Liu W, Hu L, Wang Q, Pan HF, Cheng YX, Liu YQ. 6-O-angeloylplenolin exerts neuroprotection against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:10-21. [PMID: 31213669 PMCID: PMC7470812 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the critical events in neurodegenerative diseases, whereas microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of a natural sesquiterpene lactone, 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br., on neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused activation of BV2 and primary microglial cells and development of neuroinflammation in vitro, evidenced by increased production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and the transcriptional upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS, leading to increased production of proinflammatory factors NO and PGE2. Moreover, LPS treatment induced oxidative stress through increasing the expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4. Pretreatment with 6-OAP (0.5−4 μM) dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and oxidative stress, thus suppressed neuroinflammation in the cells. In a mouse model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, 6-OAP (5−20 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 7 days before LPS injection) dose-dependently inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the expression of inflammatory enzymes in brain tissues. 6-OAP pretreatment significantly ameliorated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brains. 6-OAP at a high dose caused a much stronger antineuroinflammatory effect than dexamethansone (DEX). Furthermore, we demonstrated that 6-OAP pretreatment could inhibit LPS-induced neurite and synaptic loss in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 6-OAP exerts antineuroinflammatory effects and can be considered a novel drug candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Liu H, Chen Z, Weng X, Chen H, Du Y, Diao C, Liu X, Wang L. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 modulates oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis in vitro and in a mouse kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury model. FASEB J 2019; 34:835-852. [PMID: 31914694 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901816r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a well-known methyltransferase, mediates histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and plays a crucial role in several kidney disease models. However, its role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury still remains unclear. In this study, we found that EZH2 was positively related to renal I/R injury and inhibition of EZH2 with DZNeP alleviated I/R injury and blocked the activation of oxidative stress and pyroptosis in vivo. Similarly, inhibition of EZH2 with either DZNeP or si-RNA also exerted an inhibitory effect on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative stress and pyroptosis in vitro. Moreover, further study revealed that ablation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) suppressed pyroptosis in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line cells exposed to H/R stimulation. Furthermore, Nox4, which was positively related to the generation of ROS, was upregulated during H/R process, while it could be reversed by EZH2 inhibition. Consistently, Nox4-mediated ROS generation was attenuated upon inhibition of EZH2 with DZNeP or si-RNA. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of Nox4 was enhanced by the activation of ALK5/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, which was abolished by ALK5 knockdown in vitro. Finally, EZH2 inhibition blocked H/R and I/R-activated ALK5/Smad2/3 pathway and also resulted in an obvious decrease in the transcriptional activity and protein expression levels of Nox4. In conclusion, our results proved that EZH2 inhibition alleviated renal pyroptosis by blocking Nox4-dependent ROS generation through ALK5/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, indicating that EZH2 could be a potential therapeutic target for renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Diao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Yu L, Qian J. WITHDRAWN: Dihydrotanshinone I alleviates spinal cord injury via suppressing inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. Pathol Res Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Role of TLR4/NADPH oxidase 4 pathway in promoting cell death through autophagy and ferroptosis during heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:37-43. [PMID: 31196626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Loss of myocytes caused by cell death plays a key role during heart failure (HF). Activated autophagy and increased ferroptosis have been observed in HF and proved to promote its progression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, results from integrated bioinformatical analysis showed TLR4 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were included in up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and had an interaction between each other inferred by the DEGs-associated protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. To explore the role of TLR4-NOX4 in autophagy and ferroptosis, knock-down of TLR4 and NOX4 through lentiviral delivery of siRNA to the myocardium were applied respectively in HF rats induced by aortic banding, and the indicators of autophagy and ferroptosis were detected. Results revealed that either TLR4 or NOX4 knock-down significantly improved left ventricular remodeling and reduced myocytes death. Simultaneously, activated autophagy and ferroptosis in rats with HF were remarkably retarded by either TLR4 and NOX4 knock-down, suggesting TLR4-NOX4 as a potential therapeutic target for HF through inhibiting autophagy- and ferroptosis-mediated cell death.
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Thummayot S, Tocharus C, Jumnongprakhon P, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Cyanidin attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing NF-κB activity downstream of TLR4/NOX4 in human neuroblastoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1439-1452. [PMID: 29671417 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin is polyphenolic pigment found in plants. We have previously demonstrated that cyanidin protects nerve cells against Aβ25-35-induced toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and attenuating apoptosis mediated by both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the ER stress pathway. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cyanidin, we investigated the effects of cyanidin on neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4/NOX4 pathway in Aβ25-35-treated human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). SK-N-SH cells were exposed to Aβ25-35 (10 μmol/L) for 24 h. Pretreatment with cyanidin (20 μmol/L) or NAC (20 μmol/L) strongly inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in the cells evidenced by suppressing the degradation of IκBα, translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and thereby reducing the expression of iNOS protein and the production of NO. Furthermore, pretreatment with cyanidin greatly promoted the translocation of the Nrf2 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; upregulating cytoprotective enzymes, including HO-1, NQO-1 and GCLC; and increased the activity of SOD enzymes. Pretreatment with cyanidin also decreased the expression of TLR4, directly improved intracellular ROS levels and regulated the activity of inflammation-related downstream pathways including NO production and SOD activity through TLR4/NOX4 signaling. These results demonstrate that TLR4 is a primary receptor in SK-N-SH cells, by which Aβ25-35 triggers neuroinflammation, and cyanidin attenuates Aβ-induced inflammation and ROS production mediated by the TLR4/NOX4 pathway, suggesting that inhibition of TLR4 by cyanidin could be beneficial in preventing neuronal cell death in the process of Alzheimer's disease.
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27
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Yang Q, Wu FR, Wang JN, Gao L, Jiang L, Li HD, Ma Q, Liu XQ, Wei B, Zhou L, Wen J, Ma TT, Li J, Meng XM. Nox4 in renal diseases: An update. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:466-472. [PMID: 29969717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase contribute to a wide variety of renal diseases. Nox4, the major NADPH isoform in kidney, produces mainly H2O2 that regulates physiological functions. Nox4 contributes to redox processes involved in diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, renal cell carcinoma and other renal diseases by activating multiple signaling pathways. Although Nox4 is found in a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, its role is not clear and even controversial. In some conditions, Nox4 protects cells by promoting cell survival in response to harmful stimuli. In other scenarios it induces cell apoptosis, inflammation or fibrogenesis. This functional variability may be attributed to distinct cell types, subcellular localization, molecular concentrations, disease type or stage, and other factors yet unexplored. In this setting, we reviewed the function and mechanism of Nox4 in renal diseases, highlighted the contradictions in Nox4 literature, and discussed promising therapeutic strategies targeting Nox4 in the treatment of certain types of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Luyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Tao Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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28
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Xie D, Xu Y, Jing W, Juxiang Z, Hailun L, Yu H, Zheng DH, Lin YT. Berberine nanoparticles protects tubular epithelial cells from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24154-24162. [PMID: 28445993 PMCID: PMC5421835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most common causes of acute renal failure, the prognosis of which remains poor and there still lacks of effective therapeutics available in the clinic. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Berberine nanoparticles (BBR-NP) on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of renal tubular epithelial cells and underlying the mechanisms. Our results showed that in a rat model of renal I/R injury, BBR and BBR-NP protected renal against injury both functionally (as assessed by serum urea nitrogen and creatinine level) and morphologically (as assessed by HE staining, transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining) in a dose-dependent manner, with the effects of BBR-NP superior to BBR alone. Mechanism investigation showed that BBR-NP reversed oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis of renal cells, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of proteins involved in the oxidative stress and mitochondrial stress pathways. In conclusion, our study showed that BBR-NP is superior to BBR alone in protecting renal against I/R injury and explored the underlying mechanisms, which should be tested in further studies and might give impetus to the development of novel therapeutics based on BBR-NP against renal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zeng Juxiang
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hailun
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Hu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong-Tao Lin
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Hong S, Kwon J, Hiep NT, Sim SJ, Kim N, Kim KH, Lee D, Mar W. The isoflavones and extracts from Maclura tricuspidata fruit protect against neuronal cell death in ischemic injury via induction of Nox4-targeting miRNA-25, miRNA-92a, and miRNA-146a. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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30
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Matsuzawa A. Physiological roles of ASK family members in innate immunity and their involvement in pathogenesis of immune diseases. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:46-53. [PMID: 29122554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells are always exposed to various types of stress, including physical, chemical, and biological stresses, and are required to sense immediately and respond appropriately to these stresses. The apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) family members are stress-responsive kinases, which are activated by not only physicochemical stresses, such as oxidative stress, osmotic pressure, calcium overload, and anti-cancer drugs, but also biological stresses, such as inflammatory cytokines and pathogen infection. Recently, we found that ASK1, a member of ASK family, is activated by bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, demonstrating that ASK1 is required for the innate immune response and plays a critical role in the regulation of innate immune signaling. Moreover, our findings indicate that ROS are common mediators in physicochemical stress signaling, including redox signaling, and biological stress signaling, including innate immune signaling. This review especially focuses on the roles of ASK family in innate immunity and provides recent progress in our knowledge on activation mechanisms and physiological functions of ASK family kinases in innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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31
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He P, Kawamura H, Takemoto M, Maezawa Y, Ishikawa T, Ishibashi R, Sakamoto K, Shoji M, Hattori A, Yamaga M, Ide S, Ide K, Hayashi A, Tokuyama H, Kobayashi K, Yokote K. Combination of cilostazol and probucol protected podocytes from lipopolysaccharide-induced injury by both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. J Nephrol 2016; 30:531-541. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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32
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Zhou F, Cao W, Bi L, Xie Y, Yang Q, Wang S. Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction via TLR4-NOX4 pathway: The regulation of autophagy and ROS production. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:11-24. [PMID: 27838370 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA), a major bioactive compound extracted from the essential oil of Cortex Cinnamomi, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity on endotoxemia. Accumulating evidence indicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy play a vital role in the cardiac dysfunction during endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to unveil the mechanism of CA on ROS production and autophagy during endotoxemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated by LPS (20mg/kg i.v.) with or without treatment of CA. Cardiac function and histopathological staining were preformed 4h after LPS stimulation. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, TLR4, NOX4, NOX2, ATG5 and LC3 proteins were determined by Western blot. The results showed that CA inhibited cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory infiltration and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS stimulated rats by blocking the TLR4, NOX4, MAPK and autophagy signalings. In order to obtain further confirmation of the mechanism of CA on endotoxemia in vitro, a limited time-course study was firstly performed by Western blot. TLR4, NOX4 and LC3 were significantly increased after 4h LPS stimulation. CA reversed the intracellular ROS production and MAPK signaling activation induced by LPS. Electron microscopy, mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and western blot results revealed autophagic flux were attenuated after CA treatment. The siRNA and molecular docking results suggest that CA can suppress both TLR4 and NOX4 during endotoxemia. Our data revealed that CA ameliorated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting ROS production and autophagy through TLR4-NOX4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fuxing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Linlin Bi
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Urnukhsaikhan E, Mishig-Ochir T, Kim SC, Park JK, Seo YK. Neuroprotective Effect of Low Frequency-Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Ischemic Stroke. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1360-1371. [PMID: 27761795 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields (LF-PEMFs) affect many biological processes; however, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of LF-PEMFs on neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. C57B6 mice were exposed to LF-PEMF (F = 60 Hz, Bm = 10 mT) after photothrombotic occlusion. We measured the BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling pathway, pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein and gene expressions, and the expression of inflammatory mediators and performed behavioral tests in both LF-PEMF-treated and untreated ischemic stroke mice. Our results showed that LF-PEMF treatment promotes activation of the BDNF/TrkB/Akt signaling pathway. Subsequently, pro-survival proteins were significantly increased, while pro-apoptotic proteins and inflammatory mediators were decreased in ischemic stroke mice after LF-PEMF treatment. The results demonstrated that LF-PEMF exposure has a neuroprotective effect after ischemic stroke in mice during the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Nie H, Xue X, Liu G, Guan G, Liu H, Sun L, Zhao L, Wang X, Chen Z. Nitro-oleic acid ameliorates oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation triggered oxidative stress in renal tubular cells via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1200-1213. [PMID: 27545328 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1225955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkene derivative of oleic acid (OA-NO2), due to its ability to mediate revisable Michael addition, has been demonstrated to have various biological properties and become a therapeutic agent in various diseases. Though its antioxidant properties have been reported in different models of acute kidney injury (AKI), the mechanism by which OA-NO2 attenuates intracellular oxidative stress is not well investigated. Here, we elucidated the anti-oxidative mechanism of OA-NO2 in an in vitro model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Human tubular epithelial cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) injury. Pretreatment with OA-NO2 (1.25 μM, 45 min) attenuated OGD/R triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. This action was mediated via up-regulating endogenous antioxidant defense components including superoxide dismutase (SOD1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase modulatory subunits (GCLM). Moreover, subcellular fractionation analyses demonstrated that OA-NO2 promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2- related factor-2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2 siRNA partially abrogated these protective effects. In addition, OA-NO2 inhibited NADPH oxidase activation and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and p22phox up-regulation after OGD/R injury, which was not relevant to Nrf2. These results contribute to clarify that the mechanism of OA-NO2 reno-protection involves both inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity and induction of SOD1, Nrf2-dependent HO-1, and GCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Nie
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China.,b Department of Nephrology , Chengdu First People's Hospital , Chengdu , Sichuan , PR China
| | - Xia Xue
- c Department of Pharmacy , The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Guangju Guan
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Haiying Liu
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Long Zhao
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Xueling Wang
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- a Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , PR China
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Xu YM, Ding GH, Huang J, Xiong Y. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2741-2746. [PMID: 27698779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a chemical compound extracted from the root of traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Tanshinone IIA has been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidizing capability. Recently, accumulating results have indicated the antitumor activity of tanshinone IIA; thus, it has attracted increasing attention. In addition, tanshinone IIA has been indicated to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion induced renal injury (I/RIRI); however, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. In the present study an I/RIRI rat model was used to analyze the effects of tanshinone IIA on myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α and IL-6 activities using ELISA kits. Furthermore, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein expression levels were evaluated using western blot analysis. The results indicated that tanshinone IIA protected renal function in I/RIRI rats. ELISA demonstrated that tanshinone IIA significantly reduced MIF, TNF-α and IL-6 activities in I/RIRI rats. Western blot analysis showed that tanshinone IIA significantly suppressed MIF, cleaved caspase-3 and p38 MAPK protein expression levels in I/RIRI rats. The present results suggest that tanshinone IIA pretreatment attenuates I/RIRI via the downregulation of MPO expression, inflammation, MIF, cleaved caspase-3 and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Dong H, Zhang Y, Song L, Kim DS, Wu H, Yang L, Li S, Morgan KA, Adams DB, Wang H. Cell-Permeable Peptide Blocks TLR4 Signaling and Improves Islet Allograft Survival. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1319-29. [PMID: 26771084 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in pancreatic β cells activates aberrant islet graft cellular pathways and contributes to immune rejection in allogeneic islet transplantation. As an approach to overcoming this problem, we determined the capacity of a 33-amino acid peptide consisting of a protein transduction domain (PTD) from the Hph-1 virus and a fragment of the intracellular domain of TLR4 from the C3H mice (PTD-dnTLR4) to block TLR4 signaling and improve allogeneic islet survival in vitro and after transplantation. The efficacy of PTD-dnTLR4 in blocking TLR4 signaling was assessed in the Raw264.7 macrophage line, in the islets, and the βTC3 cell line. In Raw264.7 cells, preculture with the peptide reduced LPS-induced NF-κB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6). In islets and β cells, preincubation with PTD-dnTLR4 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α expression via inhibition of NF-κB activation and protected them from stress-induced cell death. In vivo, preincubation of BALB/c (H-2(d)) islets with PTD-dnTLR4 resulted in significantly longer survival than control islets in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model (two of seven grafts survived long term >100 days). PTD-dnTLR4-treated grafts exhibited reduced expression of TNF-α and iNOS and reduced macrophage infiltration posttransplant. The data indicate that PTD-dnTLR4 blocked TLR4 signaling in both macrophages and β cells, and prolonged allograft survival at least in part by suppressing inflammation and macrophage infiltration. This strategy for blocking TLR4 activity has potential utilization in the treatment of diseases where excessive TLR4 activation contributes to the pathologic cellular pathways such as islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huansheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Fung A, Zhao H, Yang B, Lian Q, Ma D. Ischaemic and inflammatory injury in renal graft from brain death donation: an update review. J Anesth 2016; 30:307-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-015-2120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tapia-Paniagua ST, Vidal S, Lobo C, García de la Banda I, Esteban MA, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MA. Dietary administration of the probiotic SpPdp11: Effects on the intestinal microbiota and immune-related gene expression of farmed Solea senegalensis treated with oxytetracycline. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:449-458. [PMID: 26190256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Few antimicrobials are currently authorised in the aquaculture industry to treat infectious diseases. Among them, oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the first-choice drugs for nearly all bacterial diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary administration of OTC both alone and jointly with the probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) on the intestinal microbiota and hepatic expression of genes related to immunity in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of fish treated with OTC decreased compared with those of the control group but that these effects were lessened by the simultaneous administration of SpPdp11. In addition, specimens that received OTC and SpPdp11 jointly showed a decreased intensity of the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) bands related to Vibrio genus and the presence of DGGE bands related to Lactobacillus and Shewanella genera. The relationship among the intestinal microbiota of fish fed with control and OTC diets and the expression of the NADPH oxidase and CASPASE-6 genes was demonstrated by a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) carried out in this study. In contrast, a close relationship between the transcription of genes, such as NKEF, IGF-β, HSP70 and GP96, and the DGGE bands of fish treated jointly with OTC and SpPdp11 was observed in the PCA study. In summary, the results obtained in this study demonstrate that the administration of OTC results in the up-regulation of genes related to apoptosis but that the joint administration of OTC and S. putrefaciens Pdp11 increases the transcription of genes related to antiapoptotic effects and oxidative stress regulation. Further, a clear relationship between these changes and those detected in the intestinal microbiota is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Tapia-Paniagua
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - S Vidal
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - C Lobo
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - I García de la Banda
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Lu CY, de Albuquerque Rocha N. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: The NF-Erythroid 2 p45-Related Factor 2:Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 System and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2893-5. [PMID: 26293819 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Altenhöfer S, Radermacher KA, Kleikers PWM, Wingler K, Schmidt HHHW. Evolution of NADPH Oxidase Inhibitors: Selectivity and Mechanisms for Target Engagement. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:406-27. [PMID: 24383718 PMCID: PMC4543484 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress, an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production versus consumption, may be involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases. The only known enzymes solely dedicated to ROS generation are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases with their catalytic subunits (NOX). After the clinical failure of most antioxidant trials, NOX inhibitors are the most promising therapeutic option for diseases associated with oxidative stress. RECENT ADVANCES Historical NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and diphenylene iodonium, are un-specific and not isoform selective. Novel NOX inhibitors stemming from rational drug discovery approaches, for example, GKT137831, ML171, and VAS2870, show improved specificity for NADPH oxidases and moderate NOX isoform selectivity. Along with NOX2 docking sequence (NOX2ds)-tat, a peptide-based inhibitor, the use of these novel small molecules in animal models has provided preliminary in vivo evidence for a pathophysiological role of specific NOX isoforms. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we discuss whether novel NOX inhibitors enable reliable validation of NOX isoforms' pathological roles and whether this knowledge supports translation into pharmacological applications. Modern NOX inhibitors have increased the evidence for pathophysiological roles of NADPH oxidases. However, in comparison to knockout mouse models, NOX inhibitors have limited isoform selectivity. Thus, their use does not enable clear statements on the involvement of individual NOX isoforms in a given disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The development of isoform-selective NOX inhibitors and biologicals will enable reliable validation of specific NOX isoforms in disease models other than the mouse. Finally, GKT137831, the first NOX inhibitor in clinical development, is poised to provide proof of principle for the clinical potential of NOX inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Altenhöfer
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim A Radermacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela W M Kleikers
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kirstin Wingler
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Avlas O, Bragg A, Fuks A, Nicholson JD, Farkash A, Porat E, Aravot D, Levy-Drummer RS, Cohen C, Shainberg A, Arad M, Hochhauser E. TLR4 Expression Is Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120175. [PMID: 26030867 PMCID: PMC4451004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor expressed in immune cells and the heart. Activation of the immune system following myocardial ischemia causes the release of proinflammatory mediators that may negatively influence heart function. AIM The aim of this study is to determine whether TLR4 is activated in peripheral monocytes and heart tissue taken from patients with varying degrees of myocardial dysfunction caused by coronary artery diseases and scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery before 12 months following operation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n = 44) undergoing CABG surgery having left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% ('reduced EF', n = 20) were compared to patients with preserved EF >45% ('preserved EF' group, n = 24). 'Reduced EF' patients exhibited increased TLR4 expression in monocytes (2.78±0.49 vs. 1.76±0.07 rMFI, p = 0.03). Plasma levels of C-reactive protein, microRNA miR-320a, brain natriuretic peptide (pro BNP) and NADPH oxidase (NOX4) were also significantly different between the 'preserved EF' and 'reduced EF'groups. Elevated TLR4 gene expression levels in the right auricle correlated with those of EF (p<0.008), NOX4 (p<0.008) and miR320, (p<0.04). In contrast, no differences were observed in peripheral monocyte TLR2 expression. After CABG surgery, monocyte TLR4 expression decreased in all patients, reaching statistical significance in the 'reduced EF' group. CONCLUSION TLR4 is activated in peripheral monocytes and heart tissue obtained from patients with ischemic heart disease and reduced left ventricular function. Coronary revascularization decreases TLR4 expression. We therefore propose that TLR4 plays a pathogenic role and may serve as an additional marker of ischemic myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Avlas
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arieh Bragg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Avi Fuks
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - James D. Nicholson
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ariel Farkash
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Eyal Porat
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dan Aravot
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rachel S. Levy-Drummer
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cyrille Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- Heart Failure Service and Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Tan Z, Shi Y, Yan Y, Liu W, Li G, Li R. Impact of endogenous hydrogen sulfide on toll-like receptor pathway in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:727-33. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1012983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Pope MR, Fleming SD. TLR2 modulates antibodies required for intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage and inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:1190-8. [PMID: 25539820 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple clinical conditions, including trauma and hemorrhage, reperfusion magnifies ischemic tissue damage. Ischemia induces expression of multiple neoantigens, including lipid alterations that are recognized by the serum protein, β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI). During reperfusion, binding of β2-GPI by naturally occurring Abs results in an excessive inflammatory response that may lead to death. As β2-GPI is critical for intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue damage and TLR2 is one of the proposed receptors for β2-GPI, we hypothesized that IR-induced intestinal damage and inflammation require TLR2. Using TLR2(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that TLR2 is required for IR-induced mucosal damage, as well as complement activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. In response to IR, TLR2(-/-) mice have increased serum β2-GPI compared with wild-type mice, but β2-GPI is not deposited on ischemic intestinal tissue. In addition, TLR2(-/-) mice also did not express other novel Ags, suggesting a sequential response. Unlike other TLRs, TLR2(-/-) mice lacked the appropriate Ab repertoire to induce intestinal IR tissue damage or inflammation. Together, these data suggest that, in addition to the inflammatory response, IR-induced injury requires TLR2 for naturally occurring Ab production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Simone S, Rascio F, Castellano G, Divella C, Chieti A, Ditonno P, Battaglia M, Crovace A, Staffieri F, Oortwijn B, Stallone G, Gesualdo L, Pertosa G, Grandaliano G. Complement-dependent NADPH oxidase enzyme activation in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:263-73. [PMID: 25017967 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase plays a central role in mediating oxidative stress during heart, liver, and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, but limited information is available about NADPH oxidase in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our aim was to investigate the activation of NADPH oxidase in a swine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion damage. We induced renal ischemia/reperfusion in 10 pigs, treating 5 of them with human recombinant C1 inhibitor, and we collected kidney biopsies before ischemia and 15, 30, and 60 min after reperfusion. Ischemia/reperfusion induced a significant increase in NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) expression at the tubular level, an upregulation of NOX-2 expression in infiltrating monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine synthesis along with a marked upregulation of NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. This burden of oxidative stress was associated with an increase in tubular and interstitial expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Interestingly, NOX-4 and NOX-2 expression and the overall NADPH oxidase activity as well as α-SMA expression and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine synthesis were strongly reduced in C1-inhibitor-treated animals. In vitro, when we incubated tubular cells with the anaphylotoxin C3a, we observed an enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and α-SMA protein expression, which were both abolished by NOX-4 silencing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NADPH oxidase is activated during ischemia/reperfusion in a complement-dependent manner and may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of progressive renal damage in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - F Rascio
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| | - G Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - C Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - A Chieti
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - P Ditonno
- Urology, Andrology, and Renal Transplantation Unit, and Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - M Battaglia
- Urology, Andrology, and Renal Transplantation Unit, and Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - A Crovace
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - F Staffieri
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - G Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - L Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - G Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - G Grandaliano
- Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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Paik YH, Kim J, Aoyama T, De Minicis S, Bataller R, Brenner DA. Role of NADPH oxidases in liver fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2854-72. [PMID: 24040957 PMCID: PMC4026397 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hepatic fibrosis is the common pathophysiologic process resulting from chronic liver injury, characterized by the accumulation of an excessive extracellular matrix. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme complex that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a wide range of stimuli. In addition to phagocytic NOX2, there are six nonphagocytic NOX proteins. RECENT ADVANCES In the liver, NOX is functionally expressed both in the phagocytic form and in the nonphagocytic form. NOX-derived ROS contributes to various kinds of liver disease caused by alcohol, hepatitis C virus, and toxic bile acids. Recent evidence indicates that both phagocytic NOX2 and nonphagocytic NOX isoforms, including NOX1 and NOX4, mediate distinct profibrogenic actions in hepatic stellate cells, the main fibrogenic cell type in the liver. The critical role of NOX in hepatic fibrogenesis provides a rationale to assess pharmacological NOX inhibitors that treat hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Although there is compelling evidence indicating a crucial role for NOX-mediated ROS generation in hepatic fibrogenesis, little is known about the expression, subcellular localization, regulation, and redox signaling of NOX isoforms in specific cell types in the liver. Moreover, the exact mechanism of NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling is still largely unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding through further research about NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling may enable the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapy using NOX inhibition strategy. Antio
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han Paik
- 1 Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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Zhao H, Perez JS, Lu K, George AJT, Ma D. Role of Toll-like receptor-4 in renal graft ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F801-11. [PMID: 24523386 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00469.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) has been increasingly recognized as playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal grafts. This review provides a detailed overview of the new understanding of the involvement of TLR-4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of renal grafts and its clinical significance in renal transplantation. TLR-4 not only responds to exogenous microbial motifs but can also recognize molecules which are released by stressed and necrotic cells, as well as degraded products of endogenous macromolecules. Upregulation of TLR-4 is found in tubular epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and infiltrating leukocytes during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is induced by massive release of endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1. Activation of TLR-4 promotes the release of proinflammatory mediators, facilitates leukocyte migration and infiltration, activates the innate and adaptive immune system, and potentiates renal fibrosis. TLR-4 inhibition serves as the target of pharmacological agents, which could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and associated delayed graft function and allograft rejection. There is evidence in the literature showing that targeting TLR-4 could improve long-term transplantation outcomes. Given the pivotal role of TLR-4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury and associated delayed graft function and allograft rejection, inhibition of TLR-4 using pharmacological agents could be beneficial for long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Dept. of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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Ashraf MI, Ebner M, Wallner C, Haller M, Khalid S, Schwelberger H, Koziel K, Enthammer M, Hermann M, Sickinger S, Soleiman A, Steger C, Vallant S, Sucher R, Brandacher G, Santer P, Dragun D, Troppmair J. A p38MAPK/MK2 signaling pathway leading to redox stress, cell death and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:6. [PMID: 24423080 PMCID: PMC3896752 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many diseases and pathological conditions are characterized by transient or constitutive overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are causal for ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-associated tissue injury (IRI), a major contributor to organ dysfunction or failure. Preventing IRI with antioxidants failed in the clinic, most likely due to the difficulty to timely and efficiently target them to the site of ROS production and action. IR is also characterized by changes in the activity of intracellular signaling molecules including the stress kinase p38MAPK. While ROS can cause the activation of p38MAPK, we recently obtained in vitro evidence that p38MAPK activation is responsible for elevated mitochondrial ROS levels, thus suggesting a role for p38MAPK upstream of ROS and their damaging effects. Results Here we identified p38MAPKα as the predominantly expressed isoform in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and siRNA-mediated knockdown demonstrated the pro-oxidant role of p38MAPKα signaling. Moreover, the knockout of the p38MAPK effector MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) reproduced the effect of inhibiting or knocking down p38MAPK. To translate these findings into a setting closer to the clinic a stringent kidney clamping model was used. p38MAPK activity increased upon reperfusion and p38MAPK inhibition by the inhibitor BIRB796 almost completely prevented severe functional impairment caused by IR. Histological and molecular analyses showed that protection resulted from decreased redox stress and apoptotic cell death. Conclusions These data highlight a novel and important mechanism for p38MAPK to cause IRI and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University (IMU), Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Liu XJ, Tan Y, Geng YQ, Wang Z, Ye JH, Yin XY, Fu B. Proximal tubule toll-like receptor 4 expression linked to inflammation and apoptosis following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Am J Nephrol 2014; 39:337-47. [PMID: 24751828 DOI: 10.1159/000360549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a key role in mediating kidney damage during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and its expression is enhanced following renal I/R injury. Our study focused on TLR4 silencing-mediated downstream antiapoptotic pathways during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and investigated whether TLR4 overexpression exacerbates the renal damage induced by I/R injury. METHODS Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) were isolated and H/R injury mediated by ATP depletion, and replenishment was performed to mimic in vivo I/R injury. PTECs were transfected with either TLR4 siRNA or TLR4-overexpressing vectors to determine the contribution of TLR4 to H/R injury-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response. RESULTS H/R injury significantly enhanced PTEC apoptosis (p < 0.01) and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8; however, TLR4 silencing significantly reversed these effects (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared to PTECs or PTECs-siCon exposed to H/R injury, overexpression of TLR4 further upregulated TNF-α and IL-8 (p < 0.05), but did not enhance apoptosis. The expression of cytochrome C and caspases 3, 8, and 9 was decreased in the siTLR4 group compared to controls after H/R injury, whereas TLR4 silencing did not alter CHOP expression. TLR4 overexpression failed to promote the expression of cytochrome C and caspases 3, 8, and 9, and reduced the expression of CHOP and GPR78. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of TLR4 could protect PTECs from H/R injury via inhibiting mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. TLR4 overexpression did not increase PTEC apoptosis induced by H/R injury due in part to the downregulation of CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Kidney Institute of Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases (2013BAI09B05), Nanchang, PR China
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Gulic T, Laskarin G, Redzovic A, Eminović S, Haller H, Rukavina D. The significance of heat-shock protein gp96 and its receptors' CD91 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression at the maternal foetal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:10-23. [PMID: 23755898 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Differences in the expression of gp96 and its receptors were analysed in normal and pathological human pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistology and immunofluorescence of sections from decidual part of term placenta, first trimester normal decidua, missed abortion and blighted ovum decidua were performed together with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. RESULTS In missed abortion, gp96 was intensively stained, when compared to normal early pregnancy. The intensity of CD91 and TLR4 was higher in the first trimester pregnancy and blighted ovum, when compared to missed abortion. Decidual part of the term placenta is invaded with gp96⁺ , CD91⁺ and TLR4+ trophoblast. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) decreased the frequency of TLR4⁺ T lymphocytes, CD91⁺ T, natural killer (NK) and mature dendritic cells after an 18-h culture. Decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) treated with PIBF down-regulated CD91, TLR4 and gp96 gene expression. CONCLUSION The presence of gp96, CD91 and TLR4 at the maternal-foetal interface provides a molecular basis for their interaction, particularly in the absence of PIBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gulic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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The protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) enhances protection against disease cause by a non-viral pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003557. [PMID: 23990781 PMCID: PMC3749959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PKR is well characterized for its function in antiviral immunity. Using Toxoplasma gondii, we examined if PKR promotes resistance to disease caused by a non-viral pathogen. PKR(-/-) mice infected with T. gondii exhibited higher parasite load and worsened histopathology in the eye and brain compared to wild-type controls. Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis was not due to defective expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, NOS2 or IL-6 in the retina and brain, differences in IL-10 expression in these organs or to impaired induction of T. gondii-reactive T cells. While macrophages/microglia with defective PKR signaling exhibited unimpaired anti-T. gondii activity in response to IFN-γ/TNF-α, these cells were unable to kill the parasite in response to CD40 stimulation. The TRAF6 binding site of CD40, but not the TRAF2,3 binding sites, was required for PKR phosphorylation in response to CD40 ligation in macrophages. TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR upon CD40 ligation. TRAF6-PKR interaction appeared to be indirect, since TRAF6 co-immunoprecipitated with TRAF2 and TRAF2 co-immunoprecipitated with PKR, and deficiency of TRAF2 inhibited TRAF6-PKR co-immunoprecipitation as well as PKR phosphorylation induced by CD40 ligation. PKR was required for stimulation of autophagy, accumulation the autophagy molecule LC3 around the parasite, vacuole-lysosomal fusion and killing of T. gondii in CD40-activated macrophages and microglia. Thus, our findings identified PKR as a mediator of anti-microbial activity and promoter of protection against disease caused by a non-viral pathogen, revealed that PKR is activated by CD40 via TRAF6 and TRAF2, and positioned PKR as a link between CD40-TRAF signaling and stimulation of the autophagy pathway.
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