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Bhuker S, Kaur A, Rajauria K, Tuli HS, Saini AK, Saini RV, Gupta M. Allicin: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:210. [PMID: 39060753 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the foremost cause of mortality globally. Various phytochemicals from natural sources have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties. Allicin, a powerful organosulfur compound derived from garlic, exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This review aims to update and evaluate the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics Allicin. Allicin has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating Fas-FasL, Bcl2-Bax, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, autophagy, and miRNA pathways. At the molecular level, allicin induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and enhances the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9. This is accompanied by the simultaneous upregulation of Bax and Fas expression in tumor cells. Allicin can inhibit excessive autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathways. Allicin-loaded nano-formulations efficiently induce apoptosis in cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to normal cells. Safety and clinical aspects are meticulously scrutinized, providing insights into the tolerability and adverse effects associated with allicin administration, along with an overview of current clinical trials evaluating its therapeutic potential. In conclusion, this review underscores the promising prospects of allicin as a dietary-derived medicinal compound for cancer therapy. It emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate its precise mechanisms of action, optimize delivery strategies, and validate its efficacy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Bhuker
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Avneet Kaur
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Kanitha Rajauria
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India.
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana, 133207, India.
- Central Research Laboratory and Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Zhang P, Li W, Zheng X, Luo H, Liu Q, Long Q, Yan Q, Yuan X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor-mediated apoptosis in the neuronal differentiation of adult adipose-derived stromal cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28608. [PMID: 38586331 PMCID: PMC10998070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the primary cause of cell death in the differentiation of Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into neurons. However, the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and death receptor-mediated apoptosis in ADSC-induced neuronal differentiation is not clear. ADSCs were isolated and induced to differentiate into neurons using β-mercaptoethanol. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), GRP94, CHOP, Fas/FasL, TNFR1/TNF-α, DR5/TRAIL, Caspase8, and Caspase3 in ADSCs was examined using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting before induction, during pre-induction, and after induction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe changes in the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the MTT assay was employed to measure cell viability in the uninduced and induced groups. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cells during the induction process was measured using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI. With increasing induction time, the positive expression rates of CHOP, Fas/FasL, Caspase8, Caspase-3, and NSE gradually increased, while the positive expression rate of GRP94 decreased. TNFR1/TNF-α and DR5/TRAIL peaked at 5 h post-induction and then decreased at 8 h. TEM revealed swelling and expansion of the ER, vacuolar changes, and degranulation in cells. The MTT assay showed a gradual decrease in the absorbance of surviving cells in all groups. Flow cytometry indicated an increasing rate of apoptosis in cells. Therefore, ERS in the normal culture and growth of ADSCs, manifesting as enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR), maintains the normal survival of ADSCs. However, in the process of ADSC-induced differentiation into neurons, ERS and death receptor-mediated apoptosis are significant causes of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingshu Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Qingxi Long
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Neurology of Kailuan General Hospital Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, China
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Kucuksayan E, Kucuksayan H, Sozen ME, Sircan-Kucuksayan A. Elevated level of neuroserpin is an indication for the resistance to gambogic acid-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in triple-negative breast cancer cells. ASIAN BIOMED 2024; 18:69-80. [PMID: 38708330 PMCID: PMC11063082 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, characterized by loss of HER2, estrogen, and progesterone receptors, displays aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis compared to other BC subtypes. Since the TNBC cells are devoid of receptors, endocrine therapy is an ineffective option for TNBC patients, necessitating canonical chemotherapy strategies to treat TNBC. It is crucial to use alternative and natural agents to support chemotherapy in TNBC. Objectives To clarify the molecular mechanism of the tumorigenic effects of gambogic acid (GA) on TNBC cells with different epithelial character since GA has a wide spectrum of anticancer activity for most cancer types. Methods We determined the cytotoxic dose of GA incubation of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells) for 24 h. We performed the MTT test and toluidine blue (TB) staining protocol for TNBC cells. We analyzed E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Bax, and neuroserpin mRNAs in both cells by qPCR. We evaluated apoptosis using DAPI staining and assessed the ROS using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Results We determined the IC50 concentrations of GA in MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells to be 315.8 nM and 441.8 nM, respectively. TB staining showed that BT-20 cells survive at excessive cytotoxic doses of GA, while most of the MDA-MB-231 cells were killed. Also, we found that BT-20 cells are more resistant to GA-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress than the MDA-MB-231 cells. qPCR results showed that GA upregulated neuroserpin, an oxidative stress-relieving factor in the BT-20 cells, but not in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions The elevated level of neuroserpin could be a predictive marker to determine the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Kucuksayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya07425, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kucuksayan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu37200, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Sozen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya07425, Turkey
| | - Aslinur Sircan-Kucuksayan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya07425, Turkey
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Ma H, Suleman M, Zhang F, Cao T, Wen S, Sun D, Chen L, Jiang B, Wang Y, Lin F, Wang J, Li B, Li Q. Pirin Inhibits FAS-Mediated Apoptosis to Support Colorectal Cancer Survival. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2301476. [PMID: 38148593 PMCID: PMC10933653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with obstruction of FAS (Apo-1 or CD95)-dependent apoptosis, a hallmark of cancer. Here it is demonstrated that the upregulation of pirin (PIR) protein in colon cancers promotes tumorigenesis. Knockout or inhibition of PIR dramatically increases FAS expression, FAS-dependent apoptosis and attenuates colorectal tumor formation in mice. Specifically, NFκB2 is a direct transcriptional activator of FAS and robustly suppressed by PIR in dual mechanisms. One is the disruption of NFκB2 complex (p52-RELB) association with FAS promoter, the other is the inhibition of NIK-mediated NFκB2 activation and nuclear translocation, leading to the inability of active NFκB2 complex toward the transcription of FAS. Furthermore, PIR interacts with FAS and recruits it in cytosol, preventing its membrane translocation and assembling. Importantly, knockdown or knockout of PIR dramatically sensitizes cells to FAS mAb- or active CD8+ T cells-triggered cell death. Taken together, a PIR-NIK-NFκB2-FAS survival pathway is established, which plays a key role in supporting CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Fengqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Tingyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Dachao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Furong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
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Nandi S, Nag A, Khatua S, Sen S, Chakraborty N, Naskar A, Acharya K, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β-sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches. Phytother Res 2024; 38:592-619. [PMID: 37929761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sterols, including β-sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials, comprehensive scientific knowledge regarding the properties of β-sitosterol and its potential applications is essential for scholarly pursuits and utilization purposes. β-sitosterol shares similar chemical characteristics with cholesterol and exhibits several pharmacological activities without major toxicity. This study aims to bridge the gap between phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence of β-sitosterol, focusing on its anticancer activity and other biomedical properties. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of β-sitosterol's potential for future translational approaches. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information on the biological properties of β-sitosterol, particularly its anticancer therapeutic potential. Various databases were searched, including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using appropriate keywords. Studies investigating the effects of β-sitosterol on different types of cancer were analyzed, focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacological screening, and chemosensitizing properties. Modern pharmacological screening studies have revealed the potential anticancer therapeutic properties of β-sitosterol against various types of cancer, including leukemia, lung, stomach, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. β-sitosterol has demonstrated chemosensitizing effects on cancer cells, interfering with multiple cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, survival, metastasis invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Structural derivatives of β-sitosterol have also shown anti-cancer effects. However, research in the field of drug delivery and the detailed mode of action of β-sitosterol-mediated anticancer activities remains limited. β-sitosterol, as a non-toxic compound with significant pharmacological potential, exhibits promising anticancer effects against various cancer types. Despite being relatively less potent than conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, β-sitosterol holds potential as a safe and effective nutraceutical against cancer. Further comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the biological properties of β-sitosterol, including its mode of action, and develop novel formulations for its potential use in cancer treatment. This review provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the need for further research on β-sitosterol as a potent superfood in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Surjit Sen
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Karmakar S, Mishra A, Pal P, Lal G. Effector and cytolytic function of natural killer cells in anticancer immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:235-252. [PMID: 37818891 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cells play an important role in mounting antigen-specific antitumor immunity. The contribution of innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and gamma-delta T cells is well studied in cancer immunology. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that show effector and regulatory function in a contact-dependent and contact-independent manner. The cytotoxic function of NK cells plays an important role in killing the infected and transformed host cells and controlling infection and tumor growth. However, several studies have also ascribed the role of NK cells in inducing pathophysiology in autoimmune diseases, promoting immune tolerance in the uterus, and antitumor function in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the fundamentals of NK cell biology, its distribution in different organs, cellular and molecular interactions, and its cytotoxic and noncytotoxic functions in cancer biology. We also highlight the use of NK cell-based adoptive cellular therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
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Arora D, Taneja Y, Sharma A, Dhingra A, Guarve K. Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: An Explicative Review. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:2-13. [PMID: 37670694 DOI: 10.2174/1573397119666230904150741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a complex regulatory, active cell death process that plays a role in cell development, homeostasis, and ageing. Cancer, developmental defects, and degenerative diseases are all pathogenic disorders caused by apoptosis dysregulation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most frequently diagnosed joint disease in the aged, and it is characterized by the ongoing breakdown of articular cartilage, which causes severe disability. Multiple variables regulate the anabolic and catabolic pathways of the cartilage matrix, which either directly or indirectly contribute to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue made up of an extracellular matrix of cells that are tightly packed together. As a result, chondrocyte survival is crucial for the preservation of an optimal cartilage matrix, and chondrocyte characteristics and survival compromise may result in articular cartilage failure. Inflammatory cytokines can either promote or inhibit apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death. Pro-apoptotic cytokines like TNF-α can induce cell death, while anti-apoptotic cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 protect against apoptosis. The balance between these cytokines plays a critical role in determining cell fate and has implications for tissue damage and disease progression. Similarly, they contribute to the progression of OA by disrupting the metabolic balance in joint tissues by promoting catabolic and anabolic pathways. Their impact on cell joints, as well as the impacts of cell signalling pathways on cytokines and inflammatory substances, determines their function in osteoarthritis development. Apoptosis is evident in osteoarthritic cartilage; however, determining the relative role of chondrocyte apoptosis in the aetiology of OA is difficult, and the rate of apoptotic chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage is inconsistent. The current study summarises the role of apoptosis in the development of osteoarthritis, the mediators, and signalling pathways that trigger the cascade of events, and the other inflammatory features involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshi Arora
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 135001, India
| | - Yugam Taneja
- Zeon Lifesciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173025, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 135001, India
| | - Ashwani Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 135001, India
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, 135001, India
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Lambrecht R, Delgado ME, Gloe V, Schuetz K, Plazzo AP, Franke B, San Phan T, Fleming J, Mayans O, Brunner T. Liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2) orchestrates hepatic inflammation and TNF-induced cell death. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113513. [PMID: 38039134 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) has been shown to promote apoptosis resistance in various tissues and disease contexts; however, its role in liver cell death remains unexplored. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of LRH-1 causes mild steatosis and inflammation but unexpectedly shields female mice from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and associated hepatitis. LRH-1-deficient hepatocytes show markedly attenuated estrogen receptor alpha and elevated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity, while LRH-1 overexpression inhibits NF-κB activity. This inhibition relies on direct physical interaction of LRH-1's ligand-binding domain and the Rel homology domain of NF-κB subunit RelA. Mechanistically, increased transcription of anti-apoptotic NF-κB target genes and the proteasomal degradation of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death prevent mitochondrial apoptosis and ultimately protect mice from TNF-induced liver damage. Collectively, our study emphasizes LRH-1 as a critical, sex-dependent regulator of cell death and inflammation in the healthy and diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Lambrecht
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Eugenia Delgado
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vincent Gloe
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karina Schuetz
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna Pia Plazzo
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Truong San Phan
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olga Mayans
- Biophysics and Structural Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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Weng HP, Ke CH, Tung CW, Tani A, Wang CC, Yang WY, Wang YS, Han W, Liao CH, Tomiyasu H, Lin CS. Canine diffuse large b-cell lymphoma downregulates the activity of CD8 + T-cells through tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:252. [PMID: 37884996 PMCID: PMC10601183 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as the essential mediator between host immunity and cancer development. These EVs conduct cellular communication to facilitate tumor growth, enable invasion and metastasis, and shape the favorable tumor microenvironment. Lymphoma is one of the most common hematological malignancies in humans and dogs. Effective T-cell responses are required for the control of these malignancies. However, the immune crosstalk between CD8 + T-cells, which dominates anti-tumor responses, and canine lymphoma has rarely been described. METHODS This study investigates the immune manipulating effects of EVs, produced from the clinical cases and cell line of canine B cell lymphoma, on CD8 + T-cells isolated from canine donors. RESULTS Lymphoma-derived EVs lead to the apoptosis of CD8 + T-cells. Furthermore, EVs trigger the overexpression of CTLA-4 on CD8 + T-cells, which indicates that EV blockade could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for lymphoma patients. Notably, EVs transform the CD8 + T-cells into regulatory phenotypes by upregulating their PD-1, PD-L1, and FoxP3 mRNA expression. The regulatory CD8 + T-cells secret the panel of inhibitory cytokines and angiogenic factors and thus create a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. CONCLUSION In summary, the current study demonstrated that the EVs derived from canine B cell lymphoma impaired the anti-tumor activity of CD8 + T-cells and manipulated the possible induction of regulatory CD8 + T-cells to fail the activation of host cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pei Weng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35053, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Lab. 2612, Rekiin Biotech Inc, Taipei, 114737, Taiwan
| | - Winston Han
- Lab. 2612, Rekiin Biotech Inc, Taipei, 114737, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsun Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec.4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan ROC.
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10
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Kim HW, Yong H, Shea GKH. Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:68. [PMID: 37743487 PMCID: PMC10519090 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the aging population. Significant neurological deficits may result from a delayed diagnosis as well as inadequate neurological recovery following surgical decompression. Here, we review the pathophysiology of DCM with an emphasis on how blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a critical yet neglected pathological feature affecting prognosis. In patients suffering from DCM, compromise of the BSCB is evidenced by elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum protein ratios and abnormal contrast-enhancement upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In animal model correlates, there is histological evidence of increased extravasation of tissue dyes and serum contents, and pathological changes to the neurovascular unit. BSCB dysfunction is the likely culprit for ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgical decompression, which can result in devastating neurological sequelae. As there are currently no therapeutic approaches specifically targeting BSCB reconstitution, we conclude the review by discussing potential interventions harnessed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham Ka Hon Shea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faulty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Socha MW, Flis W, Wartęga M, Szambelan M, Pietrus M, Kazdepka-Ziemińska A. Raspberry Leaves and Extracts-Molecular Mechanism of Action and Its Effectiveness on Human Cervical Ripening and the Induction of Labor. Nutrients 2023; 15:3206. [PMID: 37513625 PMCID: PMC10383074 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gestational period is an incredibly stressful time for a pregnant woman. Pregnant patients constantly seek effective and reliable compounds in order to achieve a healthy labor. Nowadays, increasing numbers of women use herbal preparations and supplements during pregnancy. One of the most popular and most frequently chosen herbs during pregnancy is the raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus). Raspberry extracts are allegedly associated with a positive effect on childbirth through the induction of uterine contractions, acceleration of the cervical ripening, and shortening of childbirth. The history of the consumption of raspberry leaves throughout pregnancy is vast. This review shows the current status of the use of raspberry leaves in pregnancy, emphasizing the effect on the cervix, and the safety profile of this herb. The majority of women apply raspberry leaves during pregnancy to induce and ease labor. However, it has not been possible to determine the exact effect of using raspberry extracts on the course of childbirth and the perinatal period. Additionally, it is unclear whether this herb has only positive effects. The currently available data indicate a weak effect of raspberry leaf extracts on labor induction and, at the same time, their possible negative impact on cervical ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej W Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flis
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalbert's Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wartęga
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Szambelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pietrus
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anita Kazdepka-Ziemińska
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Zhao W, Zhuang P, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhong M, Lun Y. "Double-edged sword" effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor development and carcinogenesis. Physiol Res 2023; 72:301-307. [PMID: 37449744 PMCID: PMC10669002 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small reactive molecules produced by cellular metabolism and regulate various physiological and pathological functions. Many studies have shown that ROS plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibition of tumor cells. Different concentrations of ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect on the occurrence and development of tumors. A certain concentration of ROS can activate growth-promoting signals, enhance the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, and cause damage to biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, ROS can enhance the body's antitumor signal at higher levels by initiating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. This review analyzes ROS's unique bidirectional regulation mechanism on tumor cells, focusing on the key signaling pathways and regulatory factors that ROS affect the occurrence and development of tumors and providing ideas for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of ROS action and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, China.
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13
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Kaczynski TJ, Husami NJ, Au ED, Farkas MH. Dysregulation of a lncRNA within the TNFRSF10A locus activates cell death pathways. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:242. [PMID: 37443108 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFRSF10A (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A) encodes a cell surface receptor protein involved in apoptotic, necroptotic, and inflammatory pathways. Dysregulation of TNFRSF10A has been implicated in sensitization to apoptosis and to the development of multiple diseases, yet little is known of the AC100861.1 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that lies head-to-head with TNFRSF10A. Given its genomic positioning, we sought to investigate the function of AC100861.1, focusing on its potential relationship with TNFRSF10A and the role it may play in death receptor signaling. Using knockdown and overexpression strategies, we probed cell viability and examined transcript and protein-level changes in key genes involved in apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation. Decreased cell viability was observed upon TNFRSF10A overexpression, regardless of whether the cells were subjected to the chemical stressor tunicamycin. Similarly, overexpression of AC100861.1 led to increased cell death, with a further increase observed under conditions of cellular stress. Knockdown of TNFRSF10A increased cell death only when the cells were stressed, and AC100861.1 knockdown exhibited no effect on cell death. Neither knockdown nor overexpression of either of these genes greatly affected the expression of the other. Manipulating AC100861.1, however, led to marked changes in the expression of genes involved in necroptosis and inflammatory cell-signaling pathways. Additionally, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) revealed that the AC100861.1 transcript is localized primarily to the cytoplasm. Together, these data suggest that AC100861.1 may have a role in regulating necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways and that this function is separate from changes in TNFRSF10A expression. Given the importance of this genomic locus for cell survival, these data provide insight into the function of a poorly understood lncRNA with potential implications regarding disease pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz J Kaczynski
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nadine J Husami
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Au
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Farkas
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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14
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Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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15
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Stat3 role in the protective effect of FXR Agonist in parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0056. [PMID: 36848082 PMCID: PMC9974070 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with intestinal failure can lead to cholestasis (PNAC). In a PNAC mouse model, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (GW4064) treatment alleviated IL-1β-dependent cholestatic liver injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether this hepatic protection of FXR activation is mediated through IL-6-STAT3 signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatic apoptotic pathways [Fas-associated protein with death domain (Fas) mRNA, caspase 8 protein, and cleaved caspase 3] and IL-6-STAT3 signaling, and expression of its downstream effectors Socs1/3 were all upregulated in the mouse PNAC model (dextran sulfate sodium enterally × 4 d followed by total PN for 14 d). Il1r-/- mice were protected from PNAC in conjunction with suppression of the FAS pathway. GW4064 treatment in the PNAC mouse increased hepatic FXR binding to the Stat3 promoter, further increased STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulated Socs1 and Socs3 mRNA, and prevented cholestasis. In HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, IL-1β induced IL-6 mRNA and protein, which were suppressed by GW4064. In IL-1β or phytosterols treated HepG2 and Huh7 cells, siRNA knockdown of STAT3 significantly reduced GW4064-upregulated transcription of hepatoprotective nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (NR0B2) and ABCG8. CONCLUSIONS STAT3 signaling mediated in part the protective effects of GW4064 in the PNAC mouse, and in HepG2 cells and hepatocytes exposed to either IL-1β or phytosterols, 2 factors critical in PNAC pathogenesis. These data demonstrate that FXR agonists may mediate hepatoprotective effects in cholestasis by inducing STAT3 signaling.
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16
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Kaufmann T, Simon HU. Pharmacological Induction of Granulocyte Cell Death as Therapeutic Strategy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:231-247. [PMID: 36028226 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is central for the maintenance of health. In the immune system, apoptosis guarantees proper development of immune cells and shutdown of immune reactions by the coordinated elimination of activated immune cells. Limitation of the life span of granulocytes is important, as overactivation of these cells is associated with chronic inflammation and collateral tissue damage. Consequently, targeted induction of granulocyte apoptosis may be beneficial in the course of respective immune disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and monoclonal antibodies against IL-5Rα exert their function in part by triggering eosinophil apoptosis. Agonistic antibodies targeting Siglec-8 or death receptors are tested (pre)clinically. Moreover, a new class of inhibitors targeting antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins shows great promise for anticancer treatments. Because of their specificity and tolerable side effects, these so-called BH3 mimetics may be worthwhile to evaluate in inflammatory disorders. Here, we review past and recent data on pharmacological apoptosis induction of granulocytes and highlight respective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ,
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; , .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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17
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Al-Odat OS, Guirguis DA, Schmalbach NK, Yao G, Budak-Alpdogan T, Jonnalagadda SC, Pandey MK. Autophagy and Apoptosis: Current Challenges of Treatment and Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010644. [PMID: 36614089 PMCID: PMC9820338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) pathways. However, the mechanisms of resistance acquisition remain a mystery and are poorly understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are tightly controlled processes and play a critical role in the cell growth, development, and survival of MM. Genetic instability and abnormalities are two hallmarks of MM. During MM progression, plasma malignant cells become genetically unstable and activate various signaling pathways, resulting in the overexpression of abnormal proteins that disrupt autophagy and apoptosis biological processes. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the autophagy and apoptosis processes and the proteins that crosslinked both pathways, could provide new insights for the MM treatment and improve the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. This review presents a sufficient overview of the roles of autophagy and apoptosis and how they crosslink and control MM progression and drug resistance. Potential combination targeting of both pathways for improving outcomes in MM patients also has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Daniel A. Guirguis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Nicole K. Schmalbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Gabriella Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | | | | | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-956-2751
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18
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Kataoka T. Biological properties of the BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, which regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1065702. [PMID: 36589739 PMCID: PMC9800997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1065702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of cellular stress responses, including cell death. Damaged mitochondria are removed by fission and fusion cycles and mitophagy, which counteract cell death. BCL-2 family proteins possess one to four BCL-2 homology domains and regulate apoptosis signaling at mitochondria. BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13), was initially identified as one of the BCL-2 family proteins inducing apoptosis. Mitophagy receptors recruit the ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3/GABARAP via the MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif to initiate mitophagy. In addition to apoptosis, BCL-RAMBO has recently been identified as a mitophagy receptor that possesses the LIR motif and regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In the 20 years since its discovery, many important findings on BCL-RAMBO have been increasingly reported. The biological properties of BCL-RAMBO are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Takao Kataoka,
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19
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Tang H, Luo H, Zhang Z, Yang D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Apoptotic Bodies: Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233879. [PMID: 36497136 PMCID: PMC9737101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with self-renewal ability and multipotency of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. MSCs have appeared as a promising approach for tissue regeneration and immune therapies, which are attributable not only to their differentiation into the desired cells but also to their paracrine secretion. MSC-sourced secretome consists of soluble components including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs). Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are large EVs (diameter 500𠀓2000 nm) harboring a variety of cellular components including microRNA, mRNA, DNA, protein, and lipids related to the characteristics of the originating cell, which are generated during apoptosis. The released ABs as well as the genetic information they carry are engulfed by target cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, and subsequently internalized and degraded in the lysosomes, suggesting their ability to facilitate intercellular communication. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived ABs, including immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, regulation of inflammatory response, and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Di Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-31927705
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20
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Nishihara S, Yamaoka T, Ishikawa F, Higuchi K, Hasebe Y, Manabe R, Kishino Y, Kusumoto S, Ando K, Kuroda Y, Ohmori T, Sagara H, Yoshida H, Tsurutani J. Mechanisms of EGFR-TKI-Induced Apoptosis and Strategies Targeting Apoptosis in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122183. [PMID: 36553449 PMCID: PMC9778480 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is achieved by balancing cell survival and death. In cancer cells, especially those carrying driver mutations, the processes and signals that promote apoptosis are inhibited, facilitating the survival and proliferation of these dysregulated cells. Apoptosis induction is an important mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms by which EGFR-TKIs induce apoptosis have not been fully elucidated. A deeper understanding of the apoptotic pathways induced by EGFR-TKIs is essential for the developing novel strategies to overcome resistance to EGFR-TKIs or to enhance the initial efficacy through therapeutic synergistic combinations. Recently, therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis have been developed for cancer. Here, we review the state of knowledge on EGFR-TKI-induced apoptotic pathways and discuss the therapeutic strategies for enhancing EGFR-TKI efficiency. We highlight the great progress achieved with third-generation EGFR-TKIs. In particular, combination therapies of EGFR-TKIs with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor inhibitors or chemotherapy have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Nevertheless, further breakthroughs are needed to yield an appropriate standard care for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, which requires gaining a deeper understanding of cancer cell dynamics in response to EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetoshi Nishihara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Yamaoka
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8146
| | | | - Kensuke Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yuki Hasebe
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Manabe
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kishino
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan
| | - Sojiro Kusumoto
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Koichi Ando
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohmori
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Respirology and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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21
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Gholipour AR, Jafari L, Ramezanpour M, Evazalipour M, Chavoshi M, Yousefbeyk F, Kargar Moghaddam SJ, Yekta Kooshali MH, Ramezanpour N, Daei P, Ghasemi S, Hamidi M. Apoptosis Effects of Oxalis corniculata L. Extract on Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line:. Galen Med J 2022; 11:e2484. [PMID: 36698692 PMCID: PMC9838112 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v11i.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the non-toxic properties of natural plant products have gained more focus as anticancer agents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the apoptosis effects of the ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, aerial parts of O. corniculata were collected in Lahijan city (Iran), and after confirmation, they were dried and extracted with ethanol for 24 h. Then, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were measured. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay was used to measure the antioxidant properties of the extract. Selected cell lines (MCF-7 and human dermal fibroblast) were cultured in 6-wells dishes (1×106 cells/well). After 72 h of treating the extract, cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of apoptotic genes (such as p53, bcl-2, bax, and CD95) was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The extract's total phenolic content was 31.30±02 μg of gallic acid equivalents/mg of dry extract, and the total flavonoid content was 49.61±04 μg of quercetin as equivalents/mg of extract. The antioxidant activity ofO. corniculata was measured at the dose of 619.2 μg/μl, indicating that it decreases cancer cell viability and enhances apoptosis. Within the half maximal inhibitory concentrations, real-time PCR revealed substantial increases in p53 (P<0.001), CD95 (P<0.05), and bcl-2 expression (P<0.05) in MCF-7 cells treated with O. corniculata. Conclusion: This study suggests that O. corniculata may cause apoptosis by oxidative stress in cancer cells.[GMJ.2022;11:e2484].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Gholipour
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leila Jafari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ramezanpour
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maral Chavoshi
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Yousefbeyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Yekta Kooshali
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezanpour
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Puyan Daei
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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22
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West SJ, Boehning D, Akimzhanov AM. Regulation of T cell function by protein S-acylation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040968. [PMID: 36467682 PMCID: PMC9709458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation, the reversible lipidation of free cysteine residues with long-chain fatty acids, is a highly dynamic post-translational protein modification that has recently emerged as an important regulator of the T cell function. The reversible nature of S-acylation sets this modification apart from other forms of protein lipidation and allows it to play a unique role in intracellular signal transduction. In recent years, a significant number of T cell proteins, including receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and adaptor proteins, were identified as S-acylated. It has been shown that S-acylation critically contributes to their function by regulating protein localization, stability and protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that zDHHC protein acyltransferases, the family of enzymes mediating this modification, also play a prominent role in T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we aim to highlight the diversity of proteins undergoing S-acylation in T cells, elucidate the mechanisms by which reversible lipidation can impact protein function, and introduce protein acyltransferases as a novel class of regulatory T cell proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah J. West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Askar M. Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Riley JS, Bock FJ. Voices from beyond the grave: The impact of apoptosis on the microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119341. [PMID: 35987283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, in particular apoptosis, has vital functions in every healthy organism. In a highly regulated manner cells which are no longer needed or are harmful to the organism undergo suicide. More than just the mere elimination of a cell, apoptosis is increasingly being recognized performing important roles in cellular communication with the microenvironment. These interactions with surrounding cells can have various, and sometimes competing outcomes. Apoptotic cells can promote survival, proliferation and inflammation, but depending on the context also prevent survival and inflammation. In this review, we will summarize the emerging literature on how dying cells can transfer information to their neighbours, and which outcomes this communication has for the whole tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Riley
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Florian J Bock
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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24
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Impact of Oxidative Stress on Molecular Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112780. [PMID: 36361572 PMCID: PMC9657514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine cervix is one of the essential factors in labor and maintaining the proper course of pregnancy. During the last days of gestation, the cervix undergoes extensive changes manifested by transformation from a tight and rigid to one that is soft and able to dilate. These changes can be summarized as “cervical ripening”. Changes in the cervical tissue can be referred to as remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The entire process is the result of a close relationship between biochemical and molecular pathways, which is strictly controlled by inflammatory and endocrine factors. When the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress occurs. A physiologic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is observed through pregnancy. ROS play important roles as second messengers in many intracellular signaling cascades contributing to the course of gestation. This review considers their involvement in the cervical ripening process, emphasizing the molecular and biochemical pathways and the clinical implications.
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25
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A β-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans enhanced the antitumor effect with rituximab against SU-DHL-8. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1356-1367. [PMID: 36116589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucans affect the immune system and have antitumor activity; therefore, they are being investigated as immunomodulators and chemotherapeutic adjuvants. In this study, we investigated a specific β-glucan, exopolysaccharide (EPS-1) derived from Aureobasidium pullulans (CGMCC 20363), to investigate its impact on the efficacy of rituximab against diffuse large B cell lymphoma (SU-DHL-8 cells) in vitro and in vivo. The results show that compared to rituximab alone, EPS-1 enhanced the inhibition of SU-DHL-8, had antitumor effects in vivo, and improved the response of the immune system of the host. RNA sequencing results reveal that EPS-1 had a chemotactic effect on T cells through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and recruited immune cells into tumor tissues. EPS-1 also played an antitumor role through the mitochondrial and death receptor Fas-related apoptotic pathways. In summary, EPS-1 may be an effective adjuvant to treat diffuse large B cell lymphoma in combination with rituximab.
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26
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Ke FS, Holloway S, Uren RT, Wong AW, Little MH, Kluck RM, Voss AK, Strasser A. The BCL-2 family member BID plays a role during embryonic development in addition to its BH3-only protein function by acting in parallel to BAX, BAK and BOK. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110300. [PMID: 35758142 PMCID: PMC9340487 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic apoptosis pathway, regulated by the BCL-2 protein family, is essential for embryonic development. Using mice lacking all known apoptosis effectors, BAX, BAK and BOK, we have previously defined the processes during development that require apoptosis. Rare Bok-/- Bax-/- Bak-/- triple knockout (TKO) mice developed to adulthood and several tissues that were thought to require apoptosis during development appeared normal. This raises the question if all apoptosis had been abolished in the TKO mice or if other BCL-2 family members could act as effectors of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of BID, generally considered to link the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, acting as a BH3-only protein initiating apoptosis upstream of BAX and BAK. We found that Bok-/- Bax-/- Bak-/- Bid-/- quadruple knockout (QKO) mice have additional developmental anomalies compared to TKO mice, consistent with a role of BID, not only upstream but also in parallel to BAX, BAK and BOK. Mitochondrial experiments identified a small cytochrome c-releasing activity of full-length BID. Collectively, these findings suggest a new effector role for BID in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine S Ke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Steven Holloway
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Agnes W Wong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia,Murdoch Children's Medical Research InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVicAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVicAustralia
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27
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Wu Z, Zheng Y, Sheng J, Han Y, Yang Y, Pan H, Yao J. CD3 +CD4 -CD8 - (Double-Negative) T Cells in Inflammation, Immune Disorders and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816005. [PMID: 35222392 PMCID: PMC8866817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in shaping and controlling immune responses during immune disease and cancer development has been well established and used to achieve marked clinical benefits. CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells, although constituting a rare subset of peripheral T cells, are gaining interest for their roles in inflammation, immune disease and cancer. Herein, we comprehensively review the origin, distribution and functions of this unique T cell subgroup. First, we focused on characterizing multifunctional DN T cells in various immune responses. DN regulatory T cells have the capacity to prevent graft-versus-host disease and have therapeutic value for autoimmune disease. T helper-like DN T cells protect against or promote inflammation and virus infection depending on the specific settings and promote certain autoimmune disease. Notably, we clarified the role of DN tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outlined the potential for malignant proliferation of DN T cells. Finally, we reviewed the recent advances in the applications of DN T cell-based therapy for cancer. In conclusion, a better understanding of the heterogeneity and functions of DN T cells may help to develop DN T cells as a potential therapeutic tool for inflammation, immune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Sheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Vulvar Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084117. [PMID: 35456936 PMCID: PMC9028356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a valuable treatment method for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). It allows for the treatment of a multifocal disease with minimal tissue destruction. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the most commonly used prodrug, which is converted in the heme pathway to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an actual photosensitizer (PS). Unfortunately, not all patients treated with PDT undergo complete remission. The main cause of their failure is resistance to anticancer therapy. In many cancers, resistance to various anticancer treatments is correlated with increased activity of the DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). Enhanced activity of drug pumps may also affect the effectiveness of therapy. To investigate whether multidrug resistance mechanisms underlie PDT resistance in VIN, porphyrins were isolated from sensitive and resistant vulvar cancer cells and their culture media. APE1 activity was measured, and survival assay after PDT combined with APE1 inhibitor was performed. Our results revealed that resistant cells accumulated and effluxed less porphyrins than sensitive cells, and in response to PDT, resistant cells increased APE1 activity. Moreover, PDT combined with inhibition of APE1 significantly decreased the survival of PDT-resistant cells. This means that resistance to PDT in vulvar cancer may be the result of alterations in the heme synthesis pathway. Moreover, increased APE1 activity may be essential for the repair of PDT-mediated DNA damage, and inhibition of APE1 activity may increase the efficacy of PDT.
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29
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Zhang R, Yong VW, Xue M. Revisiting Minocycline in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms and Clinical Translation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844163. [PMID: 35401553 PMCID: PMC8993500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an important subtype of stroke with an unsatisfactory prognosis of high mortality and disability. Although many pre-clinical studies and clinical trials have been performed in the past decades, effective therapy that meaningfully improve prognosis and outcomes of ICH patients is still lacking. An active area of research is towards alleviating secondary brain injury after ICH through neuroprotective pharmaceuticals and in which minocycline is a promising candidate. Here, we will first discuss new insights into the protective mechanisms of minocycline for ICH including reducing iron-related toxicity, maintenance of blood-brain barrier, and alleviating different types of cell death from preclinical data, then consider its shortcomings. Finally, we will review clinical trial perspectives for minocycline in ICH. We hope that this summary and discussion about updated information on minocycline as a viable treatment for ICH can facilitate further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhang
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- The Departments of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Chen X, Wang D, Zhu X. Application of double-negative T cells in haematological malignancies: recent progress and future directions. Biomark Res 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35287737 PMCID: PMC8919567 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematologic malignancies account for a large proportion of cancers worldwide. The high occurrence and mortality of haematologic malignancies create a heavy social burden. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease and relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are inevitable. An emerging treatment method, adoptive cellular therapy, has been effectively used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) all have great potential in therapeutic applications, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy especially has potential, but cytokine release syndrome and off-target effects are common. Efficient anticancer measures are urgently needed. In recent years, double-negative T cells (CD3+CD4-CD8-) have been found to have great potential in preventing allograft/xenograft rejection and inhibiting graft-versus-host disease. They also have substantial ability to kill various cell lines derived from haematologic malignancies in an MHC-unrestricted manner. In addition, healthy donor expanded double-negative T cells retain their antitumour abilities and ability to inhibit graft-versus-host disease after cryopreservation under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, indicating that double-negative T cells may be able to be used as an off-the-shelf product. In this review, we shed light on the potential therapeutic ability of double-negative T cells in treating haematologic malignancies. We hope to exploit these cells as a novel therapy for haematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Chen
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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31
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Qian L, Mehrabi Nasab E, Athari SM, Athari SS. Mitochondria signaling pathways in allergic asthma. J Investig Med 2022; 70:863-882. [PMID: 35168999 PMCID: PMC9016245 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems, cellular differentiation, growth, death, apoptosis, and autophagy as well as hypoxic stress responses in various diseases. Asthma is a chronic complicated airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of airway. The asthma mortality and morbidity rates have increased worldwide, so understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma progression is necessary for new anti-asthma drug development. The lung is an oxygen-rich organ, and mitochondria, by sensing and processing O2, contribute to the generation of ROS and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Asthma pathophysiology has been tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced ATP synthase activity, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and abnormal calcium homeostasis. Defects of the mitochondrial play an essential role in the pro-remodeling mechanisms of lung fibrosis and airway cells’ apoptosis. Identification of mitochondrial therapeutic targets can help repair mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction and reverse related pathological changes and lung structural remodeling in asthma. Therefore, we here overviewed the relationship between mitochondrial signaling pathways and asthma pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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32
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Merting AD, Poschel DB, Lu C, Klement JD, Yang D, Li H, Shi H, Chapdelaine E, Montgomery M, Redman MT, Savage NM, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. Restoring FAS Expression via Lipid-Encapsulated FAS DNA Nanoparticle Delivery Is Sufficient to Suppress Colon Tumor Growth In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020361. [PMID: 35053524 PMCID: PMC8773494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A key feature of human colorectal tumor is loss of FAS expression. FAS is the death receptor for FASL of activated T cells. Loss of FAS expression therefore may promote tumor cell immune escape. We aimed at determining whether restoring FAS expression is sufficient to suppress colorectal tumor growth. Mouse and human FAS cDNA was synthesized and encapsulated into cationic lipid nanoparticle DOTAP-Cholesterol to formulate DOTAP-Chol-mFAS and DOTAP-Chol-hFAS, respectively. Restoring FAS expression in metastatic mouse colon-tumor cells enabled FASL-induced elimination of FAS+ tumor cells in vitro and suppressed colon-tumor growth and progression in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Restoring FAS expression induced FAS receptor auto-oligomerization and tumor cell auto-apoptosis in metastatic human colon-tumor cells in vitro. DOTAP-Chol-hFAS therapy is also sufficient to suppress metastatic human colon tumor xenograft growth in athymic mice. Tumor-selective delivery of FAS DNA nanoparticle is potentially an effective therapy for human colorectal cancer. Abstract A hallmark of human colorectal cancer is lost expression of FAS, the death receptor for FASL of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, it is unknown whether restoring FAS expression alone is sufficient to suppress csolorectal-cancer development. The FAS promoter is hypermethylated and inversely correlated with FAS mRNA level in human colorectal carcinomas. Analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets revealed that FAS is highly expressed in epithelial cells and immune cells but down-regulated in colon-tumor cells in human colorectal-cancer patients. Codon usage-optimized mouse and human FAS cDNA was designed, synthesized, and encapsulated into cationic lipid to formulate nanoparticle DOTAP-Chol-mFAS and DOTAP-Chol-hFAS, respectively. Overexpression of codon usage-optimized FAS in metastatic mouse colon-tumor cells enabled FASL-induced elimination of FAS+ tumor cells in vitro, suppressed colon tumor growth, and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Overexpression of codon-optimized FAS-induced FAS receptor auto-oligomerization and tumor cell auto-apoptosis in metastatic human colon-tumor cells. DOTAP-Chol-hFAS therapy is also sufficient to suppress metastatic human colon tumor xenograft growth in athymic mice. DOTAP-Chol-mFAS therapy exhibited no significant liver toxicity. Our data determined that tumor-selective delivery of FAS DNA nanoparticles is sufficient for suppression of human colon tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa D. Merting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dakota B. Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - John D. Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | | | | | | | - Natasha M. Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.D.M.); (D.B.P.); (C.L.); (J.D.K.); (D.Y.); (H.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.S.); (A.N.-K.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-9483
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33
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Tummers B, Green DR. The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:411-454. [PMID: 34898294 PMCID: PMC8676434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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34
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Yao Y, Zhang J, Tian P, Li L, Huang X, Nawutayi M, Huang Y, Zhang C. Passive smoking induces rat testicular injury via the FAS/FASL pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:61-69. [PMID: 31476926 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1659807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which cigarette smoke (CS) exposure has a detrimental effect on the male reproductive system is still not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate the role of cigarette smoke-induced injury by the Fas/FasL pathway by using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of cigarette smoking exposure. Here, 200 rats were randomaly divided into five groups with different smoking exposure durations. Forty animals per group were further divided into four groups: a control group, and groups exposed to cigarette smoke at doses of 10, 20 or 30 cigarettes/day. The testes were harvested and the effects of CS exposure on the testis were characterized on the basis of morphological changes, oxidative stress, and a significant elevation in the expression of FAS/FASL pathway related genes, such as FAS, FASL, FADD, caspase 8 and caspase 3. Oxidative stress was reflected by significant time-dependent changes in SOD and GSH-Px activity, and MDA content. Taken together, our data suggest that CS exposure induces testis injury, which is related to the increased oxidative stress and activation of the FAS/FASL apoptotic pathway in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yao
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Maitinashi Nawutayi
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Lee SO, Kwak AW, Lee MH, Seo JH, Cho SS, Yoon G, Chae JI, Joo SH, Shim JH. Picropodophyllotoxin Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via ROS Generation and Activation of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1615-1623. [PMID: 34528917 PMCID: PMC9705953 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Picropodophyllotoxin (PPT), an epimer of podophyllotoxin, is derived from the roots of Podophyllum hexandrum and exerts various biological effects, including anti-proliferation activity. However, the effect of PPT on colorectal cancer cells and the associated cellular mechanisms have not been studied. In the present study, we explored the anticancer activity of PPT and its underlying mechanisms in HCT116 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to monitor cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle distribution, the induction of apoptosis, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and multi-caspase activity. Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). We found that PPT induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and ROS in the HCT116 cell line. In addition, PPT enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which regulates apoptosis and PPT-induced apoptosis. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by an antioxidant agent (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580). PPT induced depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane and caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was attenuated by exposure to Z-VAD-FMK. Overall, these data indicate that PPT induced G1 arrest and apoptosis via ROS generation and activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-On Lee
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author S.H. Joo Phone: +82-53-850-3614 Fax: +82-53-359-6729 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, P.R. China,
J.H. Shim Phone: +82-61-450-2684 Fax: +82-61-450-2689 E-mail:
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Whang J, Ahn C, Kim S, Seok E, Yang Y, Han G, Jo H, Yang H. Effects of Repeated Ovarian Stimulation on Ovarian Function and Aging
in Mice. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:213-223. [PMID: 35141447 PMCID: PMC8807135 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is routinely used in the in
vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles to increase
the number of retrieved mature oocytes. However, the relationship between
repeated COH and ovarian function is still controversial. Therefore, we
investigated whether repeated ovarian stimulation affects ovarian aging and
function, including follicular development, autophagy, and apoptosis in
follicles. Ovarian hyperstimulation in mice was induced by intraperitoneal
injection with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG). Mice subjected to ovarian stimulation once were used as a
control group and 10 times as an experimental group. Repeated injections with
PMSG and hCG significantly reduced the number of primary follicles compared to a
single injection. The number of secondary and antral follicles increased
slightly, while the number of corpus luteum increased significantly with
repeated injections. On the other hand, repeated injections did not affect
apoptosis in follicles associated with follicular atresia. The expression of
autophagy-related genes Atg5, Atg12,
LC3B, and Beclin1, cell
proliferation-related genes mTOR, apoptosis-related genes
Fas, and FasL was not significantly
different between the two groups. In addition, the expression of the
aging-related genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and
AMH were also not significantly different. In this study,
we demonstrated that repeated ovarian stimulation in mice affects follicular
development, but not autophagy, apoptosis, aging in ovary. These results suggest
that repetition of COH in the IVF-ET cycle may not result in ovarian aging, such
as a decrease in ovarian reserve in adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Whang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Cheyoung Ahn
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Eunji Seok
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yunjeong Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Haeun Jo
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
- Corresponding author Hyunwon Yang, Dept. of
Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797,
Korea. Tel: +82-2-970-5662, Fax:
+82-2-970-5974 E-mail:
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Zhang J, Luo B, Liu J, Waqas M, Kulyar MFEA, Guo K, Li J. Chlorogenic acid inhibits apoptosis in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia via intrinsic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68288-68299. [PMID: 34268698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a common skeletal disease occurred in growth plate of fast-growing broilers. Thiram is a sort of chemical used for pesticide and fungicide. The excessive use of thiram increased the threat to animal and human health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. Broiler chickens were divided into three different groups, e.g., control, TD, and CGA. CGA was administrated after the induction of TD from 4th day to 7th day. Biochemical analysis was performed to detect the content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Histological changes and degradation of extracellular matrix were observed through hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and Masson staining. To further determine the mechanism, TUNEL staining and western blot were also performed to detect the apoptosis changes in growth plate of all groups. The results showed the disproportionation of Ca and P content and upregulation of apoptosis during the development of TD. But, after the administration of CGA, the ratio of Ca:P was upregulated, and the apoptosis was also downregulated. The current study shows the toxic effect of thiram on chickens and suggests that CGA is associated with a mechanism that plays a significant role in apoptosis induced by thiram in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bihao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan
| | | | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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38
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Jiang Q, Li Z, Tao T, Duan R, Wang X, Su W. TNF-α in Uveitis: From Bench to Clinic. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:740057. [PMID: 34795583 PMCID: PMC8592912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is an inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina, or choroid, which has been shown to be the first manifestation of numerous systemic diseases. Studies about the immunopathogenesis and treatment of uveitis are helpful to comprehend systemic autoimmune diseases, and delay the progression of systemic autoimmune diseases, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in intraocular inflammation based on experimental and clinical data. Evidence of the feasibility of using anti-TNF-α agents for uveitis management has increased. Although there are numerous studies on TNF-α in various autoimmune diseases, the pathological mechanism and research progress of TNF-α in uveitis have not been reviewed. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a background on the role of TNF-α in the immunopathogenesis of uveitis, as well as from bench to clinical research progress, to better guide TNF-α-based therapeutics for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianggui Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Vasconcelos JCD, Siqueira IBD, Maia FFR, Parisi MCR, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Influence of thyroid hormone in the expression of the marker pro-apoptosis BID, in spite of the predominance of anti-apoptosis activation in intratiroidal lymphocytic infiltration in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111421. [PMID: 34389447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell destruction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) involves autoantibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thyrocytes maintenance occurs by pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic and cell proliferation balance. OBJECTIVES To characterize factors related to the mechanisms of apoptosis and cell proliferation in thyroid cells and intrathyroid lymphocytic infiltrate in HT. METHODS We assessed lymphocytic infiltrate and thyroid cells from HT and normal thyroid by immunohistochemical analysis of cell proliferation (Ki-67), antiproliferation (p27Kip1), pro-apoptosis (Fas, Fas-ligand, BID) and anti-apoptosis (MCL-1, BCL2) markers. RESULTS Lymphocytic infiltrate presented BCL2 and MCL-1 higher expression, Ki-67 and p27kip1 balance. Thyrocytes exhibited Fas and FasL balance, higher BID expression; MCL-1, BCL-2, Ki-67 similar to the normal thyroid. T4 and higher lymphocytes BID expression were associated. CONCLUSIONS In lymphocytic infiltrate predominated anti-apoptosis in relation to pro-apoptosis except for BID. Thyrocytes presented pro-apoptosis and anti-apoptosis balance and cell proliferation similar to normal thyroid. T4-associated BID expression in HT lymphocytes suggests the influence of thyroid hormone as a signal to up-regulate the BID pro-apoptotic protein and thus increase lymphocytic apoptosis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castro de Vasconcelos
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Cândida Ribeiro Parisi
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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40
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Wu S, Lan J, Li L, Wang X, Tong M, Fu L, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chen X, Chen H, Li R, Wu Y, Xin J, Yan X, Li H, Xue K, Li X, Zhuo C, Jiang W. Sirt6 protects cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting P53/Fas-dependent cell death and augmenting endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:237-258. [PMID: 34713381 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirt6, a class III NAD+-dependent deacetylase of the sirtuin family, is a highly specific H3 deacetylase and plays important roles in regulating cellular growth and death. The induction of oxidative stress and death is the critical mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte injury and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but the regulatory role of Sirt6 in the fate of DOX-impaired cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. In the present study, we exposed Sirt6 heterozygous (Sirt6+/-) mice and their littermates as well as cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to DOX, then investigated the role of Sirt6 in mitigating oxidative stress and cardiac injury in the DOX-treated myocardium. Sirt6 partial knockout or silencing worsened cardiac damage, remodeling, and oxidative stress injury in mice or cultured cardiomyocytes with DOX challenge. Cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviral constructs encoding Sirt6 showed reversal of this DOX-induced damage. Intriguingly, Sirt6 reduced oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidant levels, interacted with oxidative stress-stirred p53, and acted as a co-repressor of p53 in nuclei. Sirt6 was recruited by p53 to the promoter regions of the target genes Fas and FasL and further suppressed p53 transcription activity by reducing histone acetylation. Sirt6 inhibited Fas/FasL signaling and attenuated both Fas-FADD-caspase-8 apoptotic and Fas-RIP3 necrotic pathways. These results indicate that Sirt6 protects the heart against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating endogenous antioxidants, as well as suppressing oxidative stress and cell death signaling pathways dependent on ROS-stirred p53 transcriptional activation, thus reducing Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis. •Sirt6 is significantly decreased in DOX-insulted mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. •Sirt6 attenuates DOX-induced cardiac atrophy, dysfunction and oxidative stress. • Sirt6 reduces oxidative stress injury by upregulating endogenous antioxidants. • Sirt6 interacts with p53 as a co-repressor to suppress p53 transcriptional regulation and inhibits Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis and necrosis downstream of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingming Tong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruli Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Xin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyue Xue
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caili Zhuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Chang M, Shang M, Yuan F, Guo W, Wang C. EF24 exerts cytotoxicity against NSCLC via inducing ROS accumulation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:531. [PMID: 34641863 PMCID: PMC8513219 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of Diphenyldifluoroketone (EF24), a synthetic analogue of curcumin with noteworthy antitumor potential, remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, the inhibitory effect of EF24 on NSCLC and its mechanism were studied. Methods Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay, colony formation assay and xenograft model. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were quantified by flow cytometer. Protein level was detected by western blot assay. Mitochondria and autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope and confocal microscopy. Results In-vitro, EF24 significantly induced proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, mitochondrial fission and autophagy of NSCLC cell lines. These cytotoxic effects were significantly attenuated by two reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, indicating its anti-cancer effects largely depend on ROS accumulation. In-vivo, EF24 inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, no pathological changes of heart, lung, spleen, kidney and liver of mice were observed. Collectively, EF24 induced ROS accumulation, in turn activates cell apoptosis, and then exerts its cytotoxicity on NSCLC cells. Conclusions The results showed that EF24 exerted cytotoxicity against NSCLC via ROS accumulation. Thus, EF24 might serve as a potential anti-cancer agent for the treatment of NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02240-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Ultrasound Diagnosis Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuijuan Wang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People's Republic of China.
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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Yang HL, Tsai CH, Shrestha S, Lee CC, Liao JW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0, a novel quinone derivative of Antrodia camphorata, induces ROS-mediated cytotoxic autophagy and apoptosis against human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112384. [PMID: 34229024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) derived from Antrodia camphorata exerts anticancer activities against breast, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is a common tumor affecting the central nervous system. This study explored anticancer properties of CoQ0 on human glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo, and explained the molecular mechanism behind it. CoQ0 treatment retarded the growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma (U87MG and GBM8401) cells. CoQ0 induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP, and dysregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. Annexin V/PI staining indicated CoQ0 mediated necrosis and apoptosis. Interestingly, AVOs were increased trough induction of autophagy by CoQ0, LC3-II accumulation, and p62/SQSTM1 expression, leading to death mechanism. Z-VAD-FMK has no effect on CoQ0-induced autophagy but autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA)/chloroquine (CQ) led to CoQ0-induced apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited CoQ0-mediated ROS production and diminished CoQ0-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Further, CoQ0 inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. CoQ0 reduced the tumor burden in U87MG and GBM8401 xenografted athymic nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenograft by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. CoQ0 generated ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death for effective glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Mandal P, Nagrani LN, Hernandez L, McCormick AL, Dillon CP, Koehler HS, Roback L, Alnemri ES, Green DR, Mocarski ES. Multiple Autonomous Cell Death Suppression Strategies Ensure Cytomegalovirus Fitness. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091707. [PMID: 34578288 PMCID: PMC8473406 DOI: 10.3390/v13091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death pathways eliminate infected cells and regulate infection-associated inflammation during pathogen invasion. Cytomegaloviruses encode several distinct suppressors that block intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, and necroptosis, pathways that impact pathogenesis of this ubiquitous herpesvirus. Here, we expanded the understanding of three cell autonomous suppression mechanisms on which murine cytomegalovirus relies: (i) M38.5-encoded viral mitochondrial inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA), a BAX suppressor that functions in concert with M41.1-encoded viral inhibitor of BAK oligomerization (vIBO), (ii) M36-encoded viral inhibitor of caspase-8 activation (vICA), and (iii) M45-encoded viral inhibitor of RIP/RHIM activation (vIRA). Following infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages, the virus initially deflected receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3-dependent necroptosis, the most potent of the three cell death pathways. This process remained independent of caspase-8, although suppression of this apoptotic protease enhances necroptosis in most cell types. Second, the virus deflected TNF-mediated extrinsic apoptosis, a pathway dependent on autocrine TNF production by macrophages that proceeds independently of mitochondrial death machinery or RIPK3. Third, cytomegalovirus deflected BCL-2 family protein-dependent mitochondrial cell death through combined TNF-dependent and -independent signaling even in the absence of RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase-8. Furthermore, each of these cell death pathways dictated a distinct pattern of cytokine and chemokine activation. Therefore, cytomegalovirus employs sequential, non-redundant suppression strategies to specifically modulate the timing and execution of necroptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, and intrinsic apoptosis within infected cells to orchestrate virus control and infection-dependent inflammation. Virus-encoded death suppressors together hold control over an intricate network that upends host defense and supports pathogenesis in the intact mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Mandal
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.H.); (H.S.K.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.S.M.); Tel.: +404-727-0563 (P.M.); +404-727-4273 (E.S.M.)
| | | | - Liliana Hernandez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.H.); (H.S.K.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | - Heather S. Koehler
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.H.); (H.S.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Linda Roback
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.H.); (H.S.K.); (L.R.)
| | - Emad S. Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Douglas R. Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Edward S. Mocarski
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (L.H.); (H.S.K.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (E.S.M.); Tel.: +404-727-0563 (P.M.); +404-727-4273 (E.S.M.)
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45
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Using Engineered Mammalian Cells for an Epitope-Directed Antibody Affinity Maturation System. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34228284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1441-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Antibodies have been attracting attention as therapeutic tools owing to their high affinity and specificity. To develop potent antibodies, affinity maturation, epitope regulation, and using target antigens in native form are pivotal requirements. Here we describe a method to conduct epitope-directed affinity maturation of antibodies using engineered mammalian cells. This method utilizes protein chimeras that transduce cell death signaling in response to antibody binding. As the competition of antibody binding inhibits the cell death signaling, only affinity-matured antibodies retaining the same epitope as an original one can be selected using cell survival as readout.
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46
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Al-Odat O, von Suskil M, Chitren R, Elbezanti W, Srivastava S, Budak-Alpddogan T, Jonnalagadda S, Aggarwal B, Pandey M. Mcl-1 Inhibition: Managing Malignancy in Multiple Myeloma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699629. [PMID: 34349655 PMCID: PMC8327170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cells neoplasm. The overexpression of Bcl-2 family proteins, particularly myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MM. The overexpression of Mcl-1 is associated with drug resistance and overall poor prognosis of MM. Thus, inhibition of the Mcl-1 protein considered as a therapeutic strategy to kill the myeloma cells. Over the last decade, the development of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors has seen remarkable advancement. This review presents the critical role of Mcl-1 in the progression of MM, the most prominent BH3 mimetic and semi-BH3 mimetic that selectively inhibit Mcl-1, and could be used as single agent or combined with existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Max von Suskil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Chitren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Weam Elbezanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States.,Department of Hematology, Cooper Health University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Subash Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | | | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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47
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Abstract
Nearly all animal cells contain proteins evolved to trigger the destruction of the cell in which they reside. The activation of these proteins occurs via sequential programs, and much effort has been expended in delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resulting processes of programmed cell death (PCD). These efforts have led to the definition of apoptosis as a form of nonimmunogenic PCD that is required for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and of pyroptosis and necroptosis as forms of PCD initiated by pathogen infection that are associated with inflammation and immune activation. While this paradigm has served the field well, numerous recent studies have highlighted cross talk between these programs, challenging the idea that apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are linear pathways with defined immunological outputs. Here, we discuss the emerging idea of cell death as a signaling network, considering connections between cell death pathways both as we observe them now and in their evolutionary origins. We also discuss the engagement and subversion of cell death pathways by pathogens, as well as the key immunological outcomes of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise G Snyder
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
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Cediranib Induces Apoptosis, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell A549 In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5582648. [PMID: 33860036 PMCID: PMC8024085 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Late diagnosis, chemoresistance, and metastasis are the main reasons for the high mortality rate of lung cancer. Therefore, the development of other treatments is urgent. Cediranib (CED), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase inhibitor, shows promising antitumour activities in various cancers including lung cancer. Here, we explored the effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of CED on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 cells in vitro. Our results show that CED could inhibit A549 cell proliferation and cloning formation. Meanwhile, G1 phase cell cycle arrest was also found, as featured by the increased proportion of G1 phase cells as well as the reduction of G1 phase relative proteins CDK4/cyclin D1 and CDK2/cyclin E. Moreover, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was elevated significantly in CED-treated groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, the expression of p-Akt, p-P38, p-Erk1/2, and p-mTOR proteins was decreased obviously in the treatment groups. These results suggest that CED could induce apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in A549 cells. Meanwhile, CED may induce autophagy through MAPK/Erk1/2 and Akt/mTOR signal pathway in A549 cells.
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49
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Yuan Y, Zhao SW, Wen SQ, Zhu QP, Wang L, Zou H, Gu JH, Liu XZ, Bian JC, Liu ZP. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Both Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress and Activation of Fas/FasL and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1103-1115. [PMID: 33689146 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have reported toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the central nervous system, few studies have investigated the combined toxicity of Cd and Pb. The mechanisms by which these combined heavy metals induce toxicity, as well as effective means to exert neuroprotection from these agents, remain poorly understood. To investigate the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on Cd- and/or Pb-induced cortical damage in rats, 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to drinking water containing 50 mg/L of Cd and/or 300 mg/L of Pb for 12 weeks, in the presence or absence of α-LA co-treatment (50 mg/kg) via gavage. We observed that exposure to Cd and/or Pb decreased the brain weight/body weight ratio and increased Cd and/or Pb contents as well as ultrastructural damage to the cerebral cortex. Cd and/or Pb also induced endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress and activated Fas (CD95/APO-1)/Fas ligand (FasL) and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, co-treatment of Cd and Pb further exacerbated part of these phenotypes than treatment of Cd or Pb alone. However, simultaneous supplementation with α-LA attenuated Cd and/or Pb-induced neurotoxicity by increasing the brain weight/body weight ratio, reducing Cd and/or Pb contents, ameliorating both nuclear/mitochondrial damage and ER stress, and attenuating activation of Fas/FasL and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that the accumulation of Cd and/or Pb causes cortical damage and that α-LA exerts protection against Cd- and/or Pb-induced neurotoxicity. These findings highlight that α-LA may be exploited for the treatment and prevention of Cd- and/or Pb-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Wen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Quan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Ping Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Hong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zong Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Anti-Tumor Drug Discovery Based on Natural Product β-Elemene: Anti-Tumor Mechanisms and Structural Modification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061499. [PMID: 33801899 PMCID: PMC7998186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for drug discovery, especially anti-tumor drugs. β-Elemene, the prominent active ingredient extract from the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin, is a representative natural product with broad anti-tumor activities. The main molecular mechanism of β-elemene is to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy, regulate the immune system, and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Elemene oral emulsion and elemene injection were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of various cancers and bone metastasis in 1994. However, the lipophilicity and low bioavailability limit its application. To discover better β-elemene-derived anti-tumor drugs with satisfying drug-like properties, researchers have modified its structure under the premise of not damaging the basic scaffold structure. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanisms and the progress of structural modifications of β-elemene.
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