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Iqbal MA, Bilen M, Liu Y, Jabre V, Fong BC, Chakroun I, Paul S, Chen J, Wade S, Kanaan M, Harper M, Khacho M, Slack RS. The integrated stress response promotes neural stem cell survival under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14165. [PMID: 38757355 PMCID: PMC11258489 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. We have shown that disrupted mitochondrial dynamics typically found in aging alters the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs) leading to impairments in learning and memory. At present, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which neural stem and progenitor cells survive and adapt to mitochondrial dysfunction. Using Opa1-inducible knockout as a model of aging and neurodegeneration, we identify a decline in neurogenesis due to impaired stem cell activation and progenitor proliferation, which can be rescued by the mitigation of oxidative stress through hypoxia. Through sc-RNA-seq, we identify the ATF4 pathway as a critical mechanism underlying cellular adaptation to metabolic stress. ATF4 knockdown in Opa1-deficient NSCs accelerates cell death, while the increased expression of ATF4 enhances proliferation and survival. Using a Slc7a11 mutant, an ATF4 target, we show that ATF4-mediated glutathione production plays a critical role in maintaining NSC survival and function under stress conditions. Together, we show that the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway enables NSCs to adapt to metabolic stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic stress and may serve as a therapeutic target to enhance NSC survival and function in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ariff Iqbal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Maria Bilen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yubing Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Vanessa Jabre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bensun C. Fong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Imane Chakroun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Smitha Paul
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Steven Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Michel Kanaan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Mary‐Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ruth S. Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Dagar S, Sharma M, Tsaprailis G, Tapia CS, Crynen G, Joshi PS, Shahani N, Subramaniam S. Ribosome Profiling and Mass Spectrometry Reveal Widespread Mitochondrial Translation Defects in a Striatal Cell Model of Huntington Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100746. [PMID: 38447791 PMCID: PMC11040134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is caused by an expanded polyglutamine mutation in huntingtin (mHTT) that promotes prominent atrophy in the striatum and subsequent psychiatric, cognitive deficits, and choreiform movements. Multiple lines of evidence point to an association between HD and aberrant striatal mitochondrial functions; however, the present knowledge about whether (or how) mitochondrial mRNA translation is differentially regulated in HD remains unclear. We found that protein synthesis is diminished in HD mitochondria compared to healthy control striatal cell models. We utilized ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) to analyze detailed snapshots of ribosome occupancy of the mitochondrial mRNA transcripts in control and HD striatal cell models. The Ribo-Seq data revealed almost unaltered ribosome occupancy on the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcripts involved in oxidative phosphorylation (SDHA, Ndufv1, Timm23, Tomm5, Mrps22) in HD cells. By contrast, ribosome occupancy was dramatically increased for mitochondrially encoded oxidative phosphorylation mRNAs (mt-Nd1, mt-Nd2, mt-Nd4, mt-Nd4l, mt-Nd5, mt-Nd6, mt-Co1, mt-Cytb, and mt-ATP8). We also applied tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry identification of mitochondrial proteins to derive correlations between ribosome occupancy and actual mature mitochondrial protein products. We found many mitochondrial transcripts with comparable or higher ribosome occupancy, but diminished mitochondrial protein products, in HD. Thus, our study provides the first evidence of a widespread dichotomous effect on ribosome occupancy and protein abundance of mitochondria-related genes in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Dagar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - George Tsaprailis
- Proteomics Core, The Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Gogce Crynen
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core, The Wertheim UF Scripps Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Preksha Sandipkumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Neelam Shahani
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA; The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Pohl KA, Zhang X, Pham AH, Chan JW, Sadun AA, Yang XJ. Establishing induced pluripotent stem cell lines from two dominant optic atrophy patients with distinct OPA1 mutations and clinical pathologies. Front Genet 2023; 14:1251216. [PMID: 37745862 PMCID: PMC10513078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1251216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is an inherited disease that leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the projection neurons that relay visual information from the retina to the brain through the optic nerve. The majority of DOA cases can be attributed to mutations in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial-targeted protein that plays important roles in maintaining mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and bioenergetics. Although OPA1 is ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues, RGCs appear to be the primary cell type affected by OPA1 mutations. DOA has not been extensively studied in human RGCs due to the general unavailability of retinal tissues. However, recent advances in stem cell biology have made it possible to produce human RGCs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). To aid in establishing DOA disease models based on human PSC-derived RGCs, we have generated iPSC lines from two DOA patients who carry distinct OPA1 mutations and present very different disease symptoms. Studies using these OPA1 mutant RGCs can be correlated with clinical features in the patients to provide insights into DOA disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Pohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiangmei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anh H. Pham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jane W. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Alfredo A. Sadun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Xian-Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Shafique A, Brughera M, Lualdi M, Alberio T. The Role of Rab Proteins in Mitophagy: Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076268. [PMID: 37047239 PMCID: PMC10094445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and vesicular trafficking alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. It has become clear that pathogenetic pathways leading to neurodegeneration are often interconnected. Indeed, growing evidence suggests a concerted contribution of impaired mitophagy and vesicles formation in the dysregulation of neuronal homeostasis, contributing to neuronal cell death. Among the molecular factors involved in the trafficking of vesicles, Ras analog in brain (Rab) proteins seem to play a central role in mitochondrial quality checking and disposal through both canonical PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and novel alternative pathways. In turn, the lack of proper elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria has emerged as a possible causative/early event in some neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide an overview of major findings in recent years highlighting the role of Rab proteins in dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, which are characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. A further effort should be made in the coming years to clarify the sequential order of events and the molecular factors involved in the different processes. A clear cause–effect view of the pathogenetic pathways may help in understanding the molecular basis of neurodegeneration.
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He L, Tronstad KJ, Maheshwari A. Mitochondrial Dynamics during Development. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:19-44. [PMID: 37206581 PMCID: PMC10193651 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells. These are important for the generation of chemical energy needed to power various cellular functions and also support metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation in various cells. These organelles are also important for communication with the nucleus and other cellular structures, to maintain developmental sequences and somatic homeostasis, and for cellular adaptation to stress. Increasing information shows mitochondrial defects as an important cause of inherited disorders in different organ systems. In this article, we provide an extensive review of ontogeny, ultrastructural morphology, biogenesis, functional dynamics, important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction, and possibilities for clinical intervention. We present information from our own clinical and laboratory research in conjunction with information collected from an extensive search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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Romero-Morales AI, Gama V. Revealing the Impact of Mitochondrial Fitness During Early Neural Development Using Human Brain Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:840265. [PMID: 35571368 PMCID: PMC9102998 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.840265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis -including function, morphology, and inter-organelle communication- provides guidance to the intrinsic developmental programs of corticogenesis, while also being responsive to environmental and intercellular signals. Two- and three-dimensional platforms have become useful tools to interrogate the capacity of cells to generate neuronal and glia progeny in a background of metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanistic underpinnings underlying the role of mitochondria during human neurogenesis remain unexplored. Here we provide a concise overview of cortical development and the use of pluripotent stem cell models that have contributed to our understanding of mitochondrial and metabolic regulation of early human brain development. We finally discuss the effects of mitochondrial fitness dysregulation seen under stress conditions such as metabolic dysregulation, absence of developmental apoptosis, and hypoxia; and the avenues of research that can be explored with the use of brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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Cheng C, Gao Y, Gai C, Feng W, Yang L, Ma H, Feng J, Guo Z, Zhang J, Zhang S, Sun H. Mechanism of mitochondrial protection by Buyinqianzheng formula in a Parkin overexpression cell model. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Li K, van Delft MF, Dewson G. Too much death can kill you: inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis to treat disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107341. [PMID: 34037273 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. Since many types of cancerous cells intrinsically evade apoptotic elimination, induction of apoptosis has become an attractive and often necessary cancer therapeutic approach. Conversely, some cells are extremely sensitive to apoptotic stimuli leading to neurodegenerative disease and immune pathologies. However, due to several challenges, pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis is still only a recently emerging strategy to combat pathological cell loss. Here, we describe several key steps in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway that represent potential targets for inhibitors in disease contexts. We also discuss the mechanisms of action, advantages and limitations of small-molecule and peptide-based inhibitors that have been developed to date. These inhibitors serve as important research tools to dissect apoptotic signalling and may foster new treatments to reduce unwanted cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Li
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark F van Delft
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Differential ROS-Mediated Phosphorylation of Drp1 in Mitochondrial Fragmentation Induced by Distinct Cell Death Conditions in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832863. [PMID: 33936388 PMCID: PMC8060094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated with neuronal death. ROS are also involved in mitochondrial fission, which is mediated by Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). The regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by Drp1 and its relationship to mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in neuronal death have not been completely clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of mtROS in cell death and their involvement in the activation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission in a model of cell death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Neuronal death of CGN induced by potassium deprivation (K5) and staurosporine (ST) triggers mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation. K5 condition evoked an increase of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616, but ST treatment led to a decrease of Drp1 phosphorylation. Moreover, the death of CGN induced by both K5 and ST was markedly reduced in the presence of MitoTEMPO; however, mitochondrial morphology was not recovered. Here, we show that the mitochondria are the initial source of ROS involved in the neuronal death of CGN and that mitochondrial fragmentation is a common event in cell death; however, this process is not mediated by Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616.
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10
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Yokota M, Kakuta S, Shiga T, Ishikawa KI, Okano H, Hattori N, Akamatsu W, Koike M. Establishment of an in vitro model for analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure in PRKN-mutated patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 33757554 PMCID: PMC7986497 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial structural changes are associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. PRKN is known to be involved with various mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial structural changes. Parkinson's disease (PD) with PRKN mutations is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been suggested to result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. However, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria specifically in dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSC have rarely been analyzed. The main reason for this would be that the dopaminergic neurons cannot be distinguished directly among a mixture of iPSC-derived differentiated cells under electron microscopy. To selectively label dopaminergic neurons and analyze mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level, we generated control and PRKN-mutated patient tyrosine hydroxylase reporter (TH-GFP) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Correlative light-electron microscopy analysis and live cell imaging of GFP-expressing dopaminergic neurons indicated that iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons had smaller and less functional mitochondria than those in non-dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the formation of spheroid-shaped mitochondria, which was induced in control dopaminergic neurons by a mitochondrial uncoupler, was inhibited in the PRKN-mutated dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that our established TH-GFP iPSC lines are useful for characterizing mitochondrial morphology, such as spheroid-shaped mitochondria, in dopaminergic neurons among a mixture of various cell types. Our in vitro model would provide insights into the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and the processes leading to the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients with PRKN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Zhao F, Austria Q, Wang W, Zhu X. Mfn2 Overexpression Attenuates MPTP Neurotoxicity In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020601. [PMID: 33435331 PMCID: PMC7827738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a critical event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increasing evidence demonstrates that disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and quality control play an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Our previous study demonstrated that MPP+ induces mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro. In this study, we aimed to assess whether blocking MPTP-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by overexpressing Mfn2 affords neuroprotection in vivo. We found that the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) induced by MPTP treatment, as seen in wild-type littermate control mice, was almost completely blocked in mice overexpressing Mfn2 (hMfn2 mice). The dramatic reduction in dopamine neuronal fibers and dopamine levels in the striatum caused by MPTP administration was also partially inhibited in hMfn2 mice. MPTP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the SN and striatum were significantly alleviated in hMfn2 mice. The impairment of motor function caused by MPTP was also blocked in hMfn2 mice. Overall, our work demonstrates that restoration of mitochondrial dynamics by Mfn2 overexpression protects against neuronal toxicity in an MPTP-based PD mouse model, which supports the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.
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Wang X, Shen K, Wang J, Liu K, Wu G, Li Y, Luo L, Zheng Z, Hu D. Hypoxic preconditioning combined with curcumin promotes cell survival and mitochondrial quality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and accelerates cutaneous wound healing via PGC-1α/SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:164-176. [PMID: 32745765 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Restrained survival and function of relocated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is a major impediment to BMSCs-mediated tissue repair. Accumulating evidences have indicated that hypoxic preconditioning of BMSCs could enhance BMSCs' adaptability after transplantation and thus improve their therapeutic properties. Curcumin, a natural dietary product, is known to exert profound protective effects on various cellular processes. Here we showed that mild hypoxic preconditioning combined with curcumin significantly increased cell survival, enriched more cells in G2/M and S phase, and improved mitochondrial function in BMSCs. Meanwhile, hypoxic preconditioning combined with curcumin altered mitochondrial cristae shape and strongly inhibited mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which consequently suppressed an apoptosis signal as revealed by reduced caspase-3 cleavage in BMSCs. Moreover, hypoxic preconditioning remarkably promoted mitochondrial quality via increasing mitochondrial fusion and elevating the activity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial complex Ⅰ enzyme in BMSCs, which were in accordance with the up-regulated expression of OPA1, PINK1 and Parkin. At the mechanistic level, the destabilization of HIF-1α and the up-regulated expression of PGC-1α and SIRT3 synergistically contributed to the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning combined with curcumin in BMSCs. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 stabilized HIF-1a expression, but not PGC-1α or SIRT3, and dramatically restrained BMSCs survival under hypoxia combined with curcumin condition. MG132 also increased mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and caspase-3 activation in hypoxia combined with curcumin-treated BMSCs. Furthermore, knockdown of SIRT3 and PGC-1α by RNAi both led to caspase-3 activation in BMSCs after hypoxia and curcumin treatment. Notably, SIRT3 RNAi suppressed OXPHOS activity, while PGC-1α RNAi triggered mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular H2O2 production in hypoxia combined with curcumin-treated BMSCs. Finally, we showed that hypoxia combined with curcumin-treated BMSCs accelerated the cutaneous wound healing process in a mice wound model. Overall, this study suggests that hypoxic preconditioning combined with curcumin could serve as an attractive strategy for facilitating BMSCs-mediated tissue repair, and further sheds new light on the rich repertoire of PGC-1α/SIRT3/HIF-1α signaling involved in the regulation of mitochondrial quality and function for cellular adaption to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.
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High-Resolution Respirometry Reveals MPP + Mitochondrial Toxicity Mechanism in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217809. [PMID: 33105548 PMCID: PMC7659480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MPP+ is the active metabolite of MPTP, a molecule structurally similar to the herbicide Paraquat, known to injure the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson’s disease models. Within the cells, MPP+ accumulates in mitochondria where it inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain, resulting in ATP depletion and neuronal impairment/death. So far, MPP+ is recognized as a valuable tool to mimic dopaminergic degeneration in various cell lines. However, despite a large number of studies, a detailed characterization of mitochondrial respiration in neuronal cells upon MPP+ treatment is still missing. By using high-resolution respirometry, we deeply investigated oxygen consumption related to each respiratory state in differentiated neuroblastoma cells exposed to the neurotoxin. Our results indicated the presence of extended mitochondrial damage at the inner membrane level, supported by increased LEAK respiration, and a drastic drop in oxygen flow devoted to ADP phosphorylation in respirometry measurements. Furthermore, prior to complex I inhibition, an enhancement of complex II activity was observed, suggesting the occurrence of some compensatory effect. Overall our findings provide a mechanistic insight on the mitochondrial toxicity mediated by MPP+, relevant for the standardization of studies that employ this neurotoxin as a disease model.
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14
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Stephan T, Brüser C, Deckers M, Steyer AM, Balzarotti F, Barbot M, Behr TS, Heim G, Hübner W, Ilgen P, Lange F, Pacheu-Grau D, Pape JK, Stoldt S, Huser T, Hell SW, Möbius W, Rehling P, Riedel D, Jakobs S. MICOS assembly controls mitochondrial inner membrane remodeling and crista junction redistribution to mediate cristae formation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104105. [PMID: 32567732 PMCID: PMC7361284 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is critically dependent on the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane into cristae; indeed, numerous human diseases are associated with aberrant crista morphologies. With the MICOS complex, OPA1 and the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, key players of cristae biogenesis have been identified, yet their interplay is poorly understood. Harnessing super-resolution light and 3D electron microscopy, we dissect the roles of these proteins in the formation of cristae in human mitochondria. We individually disrupted the genes of all seven MICOS subunits in human cells and re-expressed Mic10 or Mic60 in the respective knockout cell line. We demonstrate that assembly of the MICOS complex triggers remodeling of pre-existing unstructured cristae and de novo formation of crista junctions (CJs) on existing cristae. We show that the Mic60-subcomplex is sufficient for CJ formation, whereas the Mic10-subcomplex controls lamellar cristae biogenesis. OPA1 stabilizes tubular CJs and, along with the F1 Fo -ATP synthase, fine-tunes the positioning of the MICOS complex and CJs. We propose a new model of cristae formation, involving the coordinated remodeling of an unstructured crista precursor into multiple lamellar cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Brüser
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Balzarotti
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiana S Behr
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Heim
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Ilgen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin K Pape
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Department of Physics, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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15
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Lamade AM, Anthonymuthu TS, Hier ZE, Gao Y, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Mitochondrial damage & lipid signaling in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113307. [PMID: 32289317 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function because they serve not only to sustain energy and redox homeostasis but also are harbingers of death. A dysregulated mitochondrial network can cascade until function is irreparably lost, dooming cells. TBI is most prevalent in the young and comes at significant personal and societal costs. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a biphasic and mechanistically heterogenous response and this mechanistic heterogeneity has made the development of standardized treatments challenging. The secondary phase of TBI injury evolves over hours and days after the initial insult, providing a window of opportunity for intervention. However, no FDA approved treatment for neuroprotection after TBI currently exists. With recent advances in detection techniques, there has been increasing recognition of the significance and roles of mitochondrial redox lipid signaling in both acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. Oxidized lipids and their downstream products result from and contribute to TBI pathogenesis. Therapies targeting the mitochondrial lipid composition and redox state show promise in experimental TBI and warrant further exploration. In this review, we provide 1) an overview for mitochondrial redox homeostasis with emphasis on glutathione metabolism, 2) the key mechanisms of TBI mitochondrial injury, 3) the pathways of mitochondria specific phospholipid cardiolipin oxidation, and 4) review the mechanisms of mitochondria quality control in TBI with consideration of the roles lipids play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lamade
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary E Hier
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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16
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Li P, Song C. Potential treatment of Parkinson’s disease with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:180-191. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1735143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center of Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function, mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell biology recently expanded when we recognized that they are key platforms for a plethora of cell signalling cascades. This functional versatility is tightly coupled to constant reshaping of the cellular mitochondrial network in a series of processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial membrane dynamics and involving organelle fusion and fission (division) as well as ultrastructural remodelling of the membrane. Accordingly, mitochondrial dynamics influence and often orchestrate not only metabolism but also complex cell signalling events, such as those involved in regulating cell pluripotency, division, differentiation, senescence and death. Reciprocally, mitochondrial membrane dynamics are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications of its machinery and by the formation of membrane contact sites between mitochondria and other organelles, both of which have the capacity to integrate inputs from various pathways. Here, we discuss mitochondrial membrane dynamics and their regulation and describe how bioenergetics and cellular signalling are linked to these dynamic changes of mitochondrial morphology.
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18
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Upregulation of OPA1 by carnosic acid is mediated through induction of IKKγ ubiquitination by parkin and protects against neurotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Rani L, Mondal AC. Emerging concepts of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease progression: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Mitochondrion 2020; 50:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Zilocchi M, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Development of Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:17-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Baker N, Patel J, Khacho M. Linking mitochondrial dynamics, cristae remodeling and supercomplex formation: How mitochondrial structure can regulate bioenergetics. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:259-268. [PMID: 31207408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and fluid nature of mitochondria allows for modifications in mitochondrial shape, connectivity and cristae architecture. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features in the control of mitochondrial function. In the past few years, mitochondrial shape has emerged as a key regulatory factor in the determination of the bioenergetic capacity of cells. This is mostly due to the recent discoveries linking changes in cristae organization with supercomplex assembly of the electron transport chain (ETC), also defined as the formation of respirosomes. Here we will review the most current advances demonstrating the impact of mitochondrial dynamics and cristae shape on oxidative metabolism, respiratory efficiency, and redox state. Furthermore, we will discuss the implications of mitochondrial dynamics and supercomplex assembly under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeel Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Center for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease-Cause or Consequence? BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020038. [PMID: 31083583 PMCID: PMC6627981 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
James Parkinson first described the motor symptoms of the disease that took his name over 200 years ago. While our knowledge of many of the changes that occur in this condition has increased, it is still unknown what causes this neurodegeneration and why it only affects some individuals with advancing age. Here we review current literature to discuss whether the mitochondrial dysfunction we have detected in Parkinson’s disease is a pathogenic cause of neuronal loss or whether it is itself a consequence of dysfunction in other pathways. We examine research data from cases of idiopathic Parkinson’s with that from model systems and individuals with familial forms of the disease. Furthermore, we include data from healthy aged individuals to highlight that many of the changes described are also present with advancing age, though not normally in the presence of severe neurodegeneration. While a definitive answer to this question may still be just out of reach, it is clear that mitochondrial dysfunction sits prominently at the centre of the disease pathway that leads to catastrophic neuronal loss in those affected by this disease.
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23
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Wang Y, Liu N, Lu B. Mechanisms and roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:859-875. [PMID: 31050206 PMCID: PMC6566062 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double‐membrane‐encircled organelles existing in most eukaryotic cells and playing important roles in energy production, metabolism, Ca2+ buffering, and cell signaling. Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. Mitophagy can effectively remove damaged or stressed mitochondria, which is essential for cellular health. Thanks to the implementation of genetics, cell biology, and proteomics approaches, we are beginning to understand the mechanisms of mitophagy, including the roles of ubiquitin‐dependent and receptor‐dependent signals on damaged mitochondria in triggering mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and defective mitophagy have been broadly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the mechanisms of mitophagy in higher organisms and the roles of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although many studies have been devoted to elucidating the mitophagy process, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms leading to mitophagy defects in neurodegenerative diseases is required for the development of new therapeutic interventions, taking into account the multifactorial nature of diseases and the phenotypic heterogeneity of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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24
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McManus MJ, Picard M, Chen HW, De Haas HJ, Potluri P, Leipzig J, Towheed A, Angelin A, Sengupta P, Morrow RM, Kauffman BA, Vermulst M, Narula J, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial DNA Variation Dictates Expressivity and Progression of Nuclear DNA Mutations Causing Cardiomyopathy. Cell Metab 2019; 29:78-90.e5. [PMID: 30174309 PMCID: PMC6717513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded mutations causing metabolic and degenerative diseases have highly variable expressivity. Patients sharing the homozygous mutation (c.523delC) in the adenine nucleotide translocator 1 gene (SLC25A4, ANT1) develop cardiomyopathy that varies from slowly progressive to fulminant. This variability correlates with the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineage. To confirm that mtDNA variants can modulate the expressivity of nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded diseases, we combined in mice the nDNA Slc25a4-/- null mutation with a homoplasmic mtDNA ND6P25L or COIV421A variant. The ND6P25L variant significantly increased the severity of cardiomyopathy while the COIV421A variant was phenotypically neutral. The adverse Slc25a4-/- and ND6P25L combination was associated with impaired mitochondrial complex I activity, increased oxidative damage, decreased l-Opa1, altered mitochondrial morphology, sensitization of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, augmented somatic mtDNA mutation levels, and shortened lifespan. The strikingly different phenotypic effects of these mild mtDNA variants demonstrate that mtDNA can be an important modulator of autosomal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McManus
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Hans J De Haas
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Jeremy Leipzig
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Atif Towheed
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Alessia Angelin
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Partho Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ryan M Morrow
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Brett A Kauffman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Colket Translational Research Building, Room 6060, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4302, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Huang XT, Liu X, Ye CY, Tao LX, Zhou H, Zhang HY. Iron-induced energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation in neurons. J Neurochem 2018; 147:816-830. [PMID: 30380148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial impairments are both vitally important for the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, how these two pathological phenomena are linked with one another remains unclear, especially in neurons. To address the question, a model of iron overload was established with exposure of rat primary cortical neurons to excessive iron. We first verified that iron overload resulted in a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in neurons. Meanwhile, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c was significantly increased after iron overload and consequently triggered an apoptosis signal, as revealed by Caspase 3 cleavage. To explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms, an unlabeled quantitative proteomics approach was applied to primary neurons. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that 58 mitochondria-associated proteins were significantly altered, including three subunits of mitochondrial complex I and optic atrophy 1(OPA1). Increased NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and decreased NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10 levels were further validated by a western blot, and more importantly, complex I activity markedly declined. Iron-induced down-regulation on the OPA1 level was also validated by a western blot, which was not reversed by the anti-oxidant but was reversed by the iron chelator. Moreover, an OPA1-associated key downstream effect, mitochondrial fragmentation, was found to be aggravated in neurons exposed to excessive iron, which is consistent with the down-regulation of OPA1. Furthermore, the protein level of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, an important protein closely related to complex I activity and mitochondrial fragmentation, also significantly declined in neurons by iron overload. Thus, our findings may shed new light on the linkage between iron toxicity and mitochondrial impairments, such as energy supply deficiency and mitochondrial fragmentation, and further expand the toxic repertoire of iron in the central nerve system. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yan Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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26
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Defective mitochondrial protein import contributes to complex I-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1122. [PMID: 30405116 PMCID: PMC6221944 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the prime energy source in most eukaryotic cells, but these highly dynamic organelles are also involved in a multitude of cellular events. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal survival. Here, we have studied the mitochondrial protein import system in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Complex I inhibition, a characteristic pathological hallmark in PD, impaired mitochondrial protein import, which was associated with a downregulation of two key components of the system: translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20) and translocase of the inner membrane 23 (TIM23), both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, those changes were associated with OXPHOS protein downregulation, accumulation of aggregated proteins inside mitochondria and downregulation of mitochondrial chaperones. Most of these pathogenic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death, were abrogated by TOM20 or TIM23 overexpression, in vitro. However, in vivo, while TOM20 overexpression exacerbated neurodegeneration in both substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (pc) and striatum, overexpression of TIM23 partially protected dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. These results highlight mitochondrial protein import dysfunction and the distinct role of two of their components in the pathogenesis of PD and suggest the need for future studies to further characterize mitochondrial protein import deficit in the context of PD.
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27
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Quintana-Cabrera R, Quirin C, Glytsou C, Corrado M, Urbani A, Pellattiero A, Calvo E, Vázquez J, Enríquez JA, Gerle C, Soriano ME, Bernardi P, Scorrano L. The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3399. [PMID: 30143614 PMCID: PMC6109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the mitochondrial fusion protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which inhibits cristae remodeling, protects from mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we identify the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase as the effector of OPA1 in mitochondrial protection. In OPA1 overexpressing cells, the loss of proton electrochemical gradient caused by respiratory chain complex III inhibition is blunted and this protection is abolished by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Mechanistically, OPA1 and ATP synthase can interact, but recombinant OPA1 fails to promote oligomerization of purified ATP synthase reconstituted in liposomes, suggesting that OPA1 favors ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity by modulating cristae shape. When ATP synthase oligomers are genetically destabilized by silencing the key dimerization subunit e, OPA1 is no longer able to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability upon complex III inhibition. Thus, OPA1 protects mitochondria from respiratory chain inhibition by stabilizing cristae shape and favoring ATP synthase oligomerization. Mitochondrial cristae shape influences apoptosis and respiration. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 protects mitochondria from dysfunction by promoting ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,University of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Quirin
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Christina Glytsou
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERFES, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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28
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Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:342. [PMID: 29875626 PMCID: PMC5974257 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several important advances have been made in our understanding of the pathways that lead to cell dysfunction and death in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Despite distinct clinical and pathological features, these two neurodegenerative diseases share critical processes, such as the presence of misfolded and/or aggregated proteins, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial anomalies. Even though the mitochondria are commonly regarded as the "powerhouses" of the cell, they are involved in a multitude of cellular events such as heme metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, further highlighting the importance of these organelles, especially in neurons. The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity through different surveillance mechanisms is thus critical for neuron survival. Mitochondria display a wide range of quality control mechanisms, from the molecular to the organellar level. Interestingly, many of these lines of defense have been found to be altered in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and HD. Current knowledge and further elucidation of the novel pathways that protect the cell through mitochondrial quality control may offer unique opportunities for disease therapy in situations where ongoing mitochondrial damage occurs. In this review, we discuss the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration with a special focus on the recent findings regarding mitochondrial quality control pathways, beyond the classical effects of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bioenergetic alterations. We also discuss how disturbances in these processes underlie the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franco-Iborra
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celine Perier
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Zilocchi M, Finzi G, Lualdi M, Sessa F, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial alterations in Parkinson's disease human samples and cellular models. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:61-72. [PMID: 29704589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is one of the most important hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In this work, we wanted to verify the molecular basis of altered mitochondrial dynamics and disposal in Substantia nigra specimens of sporadic PD patients, by the comparison with two cellular models of PD. Indeed, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with either dopamine or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in order to highlight the effect of altered dopamine homeostasis and of complex I inhibition, respectively. As a result, we found that fusion impairment of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a common feature of both PD human samples and cellular models. However, the effects of dopamine and MPP+ treatments resulted to be different in terms of the mitochondrial damage induced. Opposite changes in the levels of two mitochondrial protein markers (voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5β (COX5β)) were observed. In this case, dopamine treatment better recapitulated the molecular picture of patients' samples. Moreover, the accumulation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitophagy marker, was not observed in both PD patients samples and cellular models. Eventually, in transmission electron microscopy images, small electron dense deposits were observed in mitochondria of PD subjects, which are uniquely reproduced in dopamine-treated cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that the mitochondrial molecular landscape of Substantia nigra specimens of PD patients can be mirrored by the impaired dopamine homeostasis cellular model, thus supporting the hypothesis that alterations in this process could be a crucial pathogenetic event in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Zilocchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Marta Lualdi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy.
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30
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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31
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El Zawily AM, Toosi BM, Freywald T, Indukuri VV, Vizeacoumar FJ, Leary SC, Freywald A. The intrinsically kinase-inactive EPHB6 receptor predisposes cancer cells to DR5-induced apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77865-77877. [PMID: 27788485 PMCID: PMC5363627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Death Receptor 5 (DR5) is a promising target for cancer therapy due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the therapeutic usefulness of DR5 agonists is currently limited by the frequent resistance of malignant tumours to its activation. The identification of molecular mechanisms that determine outcomes of DR5 action is therefore crucial for improving the efficiency of DR5-activating reagents in cancer treatment. Here, we provide evidence that an intrinsically kinase-inactive member of the Eph group of receptor tyrosine kinases, EPHB6, induces marked fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in breast cancer cells of triple-negative origin, lacking expression of the estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. Remarkably, this response renders cancer cells more susceptible to DR5-mediated apoptosis. EPHB6 action in mitochondrial fragmentation proved to depend on its ability to activate the ERK-DRP1 pathway, which increases the frequency of organelle fission. Moreover, DRP1 activity is also essential to the EPHB6-mediated pro-apoptotic response that we observe in the context of DR5 activation. These findings provide the first description of a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family capable of producing a pro-apoptotic effect through the activation of ERK-DRP1 signaling and subsequent mitochondrial fragmentation. Our observations are of potential practical importance, as they imply that DR5-activating therapeutic approaches should be applied in a more personalized manner to primarily treat EPHB6-expressing tumours. Finally, our findings also suggest that the EPHB6 receptor itself may represent a promising target for cancer therapy, since EPHB6 and DR5 co-activation should support more efficient elimination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M El Zawily
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Behzad M Toosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Tanya Freywald
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Vijaya V Indukuri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Franco J Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.,Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
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32
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Martinez JH, Alaimo A, Gorojod RM, Porte Alcon S, Fuentes F, Coluccio Leskow F, Kotler ML. Drp-1 dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and protective autophagy in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:107-117. [PMID: 29414102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra. It is characterized by the accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein as the major component of the Lewy bodies. Additional common features of this disease are the mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation/inhibition of autophagy both events associated to the intracellular accumulation of α-synuclein. The mechanism by which these events contribute to neural degeneration remains unknown. In the present work we investigated the effect of α-synuclein on mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy/mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells, an in vitro model of Parkinson disease. We demonstrated that overexpression of wild type α-synuclein causes moderated toxicity, ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, α-synuclein induces the mitochondrial fragmentation on a Drp-1-dependent fashion. Overexpression of the fusion protein Opa-1 prevented both mitochondrial fragmentation and cytotoxicity. On the other hand, cells expressing α-synuclein showed activated autophagy and particularly mitophagy. Employing a genetic strategy we demonstrated that autophagy is triggered in order to protect cells from α-synuclein-induced cell death. Our results clarify the role of Opa-1 and Drp-1 in mitochondrial dynamics and cell survival, a controversial α-synuclein research issue. The findings presented point to the relevance of mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in the pathogenesis of PD. Better understanding of the molecular interaction between these processes could give rise to novel therapeutic methods for PD prevention and amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Hebe Martinez
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Mayra Gorojod
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Porte Alcon
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lidia Kotler
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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33
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Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Signoretti S, Hill LJ, Porto E, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Belli A. Fusion or Fission: The Destiny of Mitochondria In Traumatic Brain Injury of Different Severities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9189. [PMID: 28835707 PMCID: PMC5569027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a complex system of proteins representing the mitochondrial quality control (MQC). MQC balances antagonistic forces of fusion and fission determining mitochondrial and cell fates. In several neurological disorders, dysfunctional mitochondria show significant changes in gene and protein expression of the MQC and contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of cell damage. In this study, we evaluated the main gene and protein expression involved in the MQC in rats receiving traumatic brain injury (TBI) of different severities. At 6, 24, 48 and 120 hours after mild TBI (mTBI) or severe TBI (sTBI), gene and protein expressions of fusion and fission were measured in brain tissue homogenates. Compared to intact brain controls, results showed that genes and proteins inducing fusion or fission were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in mTBI, but downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in sTBI. In particular, OPA1, regulating inner membrane dynamics, cristae remodelling, oxidative phosphorylation, was post-translationally cleaved generating differential amounts of long and short OPA1 in mTBI and sTBI. Corroborated by data referring to citrate synthase, these results confirm the transitory (mTBI) or permanent (sTBI) mitochondrial dysfunction, enhancing MQC importance to maintain cell functions and indicating in OPA1 an attractive potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences Head and Neck Surgery, S. Camillo Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edoardo Porto
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
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34
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Profilo E, Peña-Altamira LE, Corricelli M, Castegna A, Danese A, Agrimi G, Petralla S, Giannuzzi G, Porcelli V, Sbano L, Viscomi C, Massenzio F, Palmieri EM, Giorgi C, Fiermonte G, Virgili M, Palmieri L, Zeviani M, Pinton P, Monti B, Palmieri F, Lasorsa FM. Down-regulation of the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 AGC1 inhibits proliferation and N-acetylaspartate synthesis in Neuro2A cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1422-1435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Bak DW, Pizzagalli MD, Weerapana E. Identifying Functional Cysteine Residues in the Mitochondria. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:947-957. [PMID: 28157297 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are dynamic organelles that regulate oxidative metabolism and mediate cellular redox homeostasis. Proteins within the mitochondria are exposed to large fluxes in the surrounding redox environment. In particular, cysteine residues within mitochondrial proteins sense and respond to these redox changes through oxidative modifications of the cysteine thiol group. These oxidative modifications result in a loss in cysteine reactivity, which can be monitored using cysteine-reactive chemical probes and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS). Analysis of cell lysates treated with cysteine-reactive probes enable the identification of hundreds of cysteine residues, however, the mitochondrial proteome is poorly represented (<10% of identified peptides), due to the low abundance of mitochondrial proteins and suppression of mitochondrial peptide MS signals by highly abundant cytosolic peptides. Here, we apply a mitochondrial isolation and purification protocol to substantially increase coverage of the mitochondrial cysteine proteome. Over 1500 cysteine residues from ∼450 mitochondrial proteins were identified, thereby enabling interrogation of an unprecedented number of mitochondrial cysteines. Specifically, these mitochondrial cysteines were ranked by reactivity to identify hyper-reactive cysteines with potential catalytic and regulatory functional roles. Furthermore, analyses of mitochondria exposed to nitrosative stress revealed previously uncharacterized sites of protein S-nitrosation on mitochondrial proteins. Together, the mitochondrial cysteine enrichment strategy presented herein enables detailed characterization of protein modifications that occur within the mitochondria during (patho)physiological fluxes in the redox environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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36
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Giannoccaro MP, La Morgia C, Rizzo G, Carelli V. Mitochondrial DNA and primary mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 32:346-363. [PMID: 28251677 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1979, it was observed that parkinsonism could be induced by a toxin inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complex I. This initiated the long-standing hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). This hypothesis evolved, with accumulating evidence pointing to complex I dysfunction, which could be caused by environmental or genetic factors. Attention was focused on the mitochondrial DNA, considering the occurrence of mutations, polymorphic haplogroup-specific variants, and defective mitochondrial DNA maintenance with the accumulation of multiple deletions and a reduction of copy number. Genetically determined diseases of mitochondrial DNA maintenance frequently manifest with parkinsonism, but the age-related accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA errors also represents a major driving mechanism for PD. Recently, the discovery of the genetic cause of rare inherited forms of PD highlighted an extremely complex homeostatic control over mitochondria, involving their dynamic fission/fusion cycle, the balancing of mitobiogenesis and mitophagy, and consequently the quality control surveillance that corrects faulty mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Many genes came into play, including the PINK1/parkin axis, but also OPA1, as pieces of the same puzzle, together with mitochondrial DNA damage, complex I deficiency and increased oxidative stress. The search for answers will drive future research to reach the understanding necessary to provide therapeutic options directed not only at limiting the clinical evolution of symptoms but also finally addressing the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Giannoccaro
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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37
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Mitochondrial cristae remodelling is associated with disrupted OPA1 oligomerisation in the Huntington's disease R6/2 fragment model. Exp Neurol 2017; 288:167-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Bozzi F, Mogavero A, Varinelli L, Belfiore A, Manenti G, Caccia C, Volpi CC, Beznoussenko GV, Milione M, Leoni V, Gloghini A, Mironov AA, Leo E, Pilotti S, Pierotti MA, Bongarzone I, Gariboldi M. MIF/CD74 axis is a target for novel therapies in colon carcinomatosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:16. [PMID: 28114961 PMCID: PMC5260021 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Strategies aimed at obtaining a complete cytoreduction are needed to improve long-term survival for patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis (CRC-pc). Methods We established organoid models from peritoneal metastases of two naïve CRC patients. A standard paraffin inclusion was conducted to compare their 3D structure and immunohistochemical profile with that of the corresponding surgical samples. RNA expression levels of the CRC stem cell marker LGR5 was measured by in situ hybridization. The secretome of organoids was profiled by mass spectrometry. Energy homeostasis of organoids was interfered with 4-IPP and metformin. Biochemical and metabolic changes after drug treatments were investigated by western blot and mass spectrometry. Mitochondria impairment was evaluated by electron microscopy and mitotraker staining. Results The two organoids recapitulated their corresponding clinical samples in terms of 3D structure and immmunoistochemical profile and were positive for the cancer stem cells marker LGR5. Proteomic analyses of organoids highlighted their strong dependence on energy producing pathways, which suggest that their targeting could be an effective therapeutic approach. To test this hypothesis, we treated organoids with two drugs that target metabolism acting on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the main regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which may act as metabolic tumour suppressor in CRC. Organoids were treated with 4-IPP, an inhibitor of MIF/CD74 signalling axis which activates AMPK function, or metformin that inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. As a new finding we observed that treatment with 4-IPP downregulated AMPK signalling activity, reduced AKT phosphorylation and activated a JNK-mediated stress-signalling response, thus generating mitochondrial impairment and cell death. Metformin treatment enhanced AMPK activation, decreasing the activity of the anabolic factors ribosomal protein S6 and p4EBP-1 and inducing mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion We provide evidence that the modulation of AMPK activity may be a strategy for targeting metabolism of CRC-pc organoids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0475-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bozzi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Angela Mogavero
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Luca Varinelli
- Proteomics Laboratory Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS 'Carlo Besta' Istituto Neurologico, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Chiara C Volpi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS 'Carlo Besta' Istituto Neurologico, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alexandre A Mironov
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Ermanno Leo
- Colorectal Cancer Unit-Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco A Pierotti
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Proteomics Laboratory Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
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Moulis MF, Millet AM, Daloyau M, Miquel MC, Ronsin B, Wissinger B, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Belenguer P. OPA1 haploinsufficiency induces a BNIP3-dependent decrease in mitophagy in neurons: relevance to Dominant Optic Atrophy. J Neurochem 2016; 140:485-494. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon F Moulis
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Aurélie M Millet
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Marlène Daloyau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Brice Ronsin
- Center of Developmental Biology (CBD); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Center for Ophthalmology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA); Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); Toulouse University; CNRS UPS France
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Wang B, Abraham N, Gao G, Yang Q. Dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:19. [PMID: 27822367 PMCID: PMC5087125 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Increasing evidence supports that dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function are closely related with PD pathogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarized autophagy pathway, which consists of macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Then, we discussed the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathogenesis. We specifically reviewed the recent developments in the relationship among several PD related genes, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, followed by the therapeutic implications of these pathways. In conclusion, we propose that autophagy activity and mitochondrial homeostasis are of high importance in the pathogenesis of PD. Better understanding of these pathways can shed light on the novel therapeutic methods for PD prevention and amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China ; Department of Neurology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA USA
| | - Neeta Abraham
- Department of Neurology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA USA
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038 Shaanxi Province China
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Patrushev MV, Mazunin IO, Vinogradova EN, Kamenski PA. Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1457-64. [PMID: 26615436 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular organelles responsible for many different functions. The molecular biology of mitochondria is continuously subject to comprehensive studies. However, detailed mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis are still unclear. Fusion and fission are among the most enigmatic processes connected with mitochondria. On the other hand, it has been shown that these events are of great biological importance for functioning of living cells. In this review, we summarize existing molecular data on mitochondrial dynamics and discuss possible biological functions of fusion and fission of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Patrushev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Bose A, Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:216-231. [PMID: 27546335 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. About 2% of the population above the age of 60 is affected by the disease. The pathological hallmarks of the disease include the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies that are made of α-synuclein. Several theories have been suggested for the pathogenesis of PD, of which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Dysfunction of the mitochondria that is caused by bioenergetic defects, mutations in mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA gene mutations linked to mitochondria, and changes in dynamics of the mitochondria such fusion or fission, changes in size and morphology, alterations in trafficking or transport, altered movement of mitochondria, impairment of transcription, and the presence of mutated proteins associated with mitochondria are implicated in PD. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms that can cause mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. We bring to the forefront, new signaling pathways such as the retromer-trafficking pathway and its implication in the disease and also provide a brief overview of therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial defects in PD. Bioenergetic defects, mutations in mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA gene mutations, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, alterations in trafficking/transport and mitochondrial movement, abnormal size and morphology, impairment of transcription and the presence of mutated proteins associated with mitochondria are implicated in PD. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in PD and bring to the forefront new signaling pathways that may be involved in PD. We also provide an overview of therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial defects in PD. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bose
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.
| | - M Flint Beal
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.
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Wüst RCI, de Vries HJ, Wintjes LT, Rodenburg RJ, Niessen HWM, Stienen GJM. Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and altered NAD(P)H kinetics in rat myocardium in cardiac right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:362-72. [PMID: 27402402 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and heart failure (HF), alterations occur in mitochondrial enzyme content and activities but the origin and implications of these changes for mitochondrial function need to be resolved. METHODS AND RESULTS Right ventricular CH or HF was induced by monocrotaline injection, which causes pulmonary artery hypertension, in rats. Results were compared with saline injection (CON). NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence were recorded in thin intact cardiac trabeculae during transitions in stimulation frequency, to assess mitochondrial complex I and complex II function, respectively. Oxygen consumption, mitochondrial morphology, protein content, and enzymatic activity were assessed. NAD(P)H autofluorescence upon an increase in stimulation frequency showed a rapid decline followed by a slow recovery. FAD autofluorescence followed a similar time course, but in opposite direction. The amplitude of the early rapid change in NAD(P)H autofluorescence was severely depressed in CH and HF compared with CON. The rapid changes in FAD autofluorescence in CH and HF were reduced to a lesser extent. Complex I-coupled respiration showed an ∼3.5-fold reduction in CH and HF; complex II-coupled respiration was depressed two-fold in HF. Western blot analyses revealed modest reductions in complex I protein content in CH and HF and in complex I activity in supercomplexes in HF. Mitochondrial volume density was similar, but mitochondrial remodelling was evident from changes in ultrastructure and fusion/fission indices in CH and HF. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the alterations in mitochondrial function observed in right ventricular CH and HF can be mainly attributed to complex I dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C I Wüst
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, O
- 2 Building, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Heder J de Vries
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, O
- 2 Building, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J M Stienen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, O
- 2 Building, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands Faculty of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pan Z, Niu Y, Liang Y, Zhang X, Dong M. β-Ecdysterone Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Apoptosis via Mitochondria-Dependent Mechanism: Involvement of p38(MAPK)-p53 Signaling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:453-66. [PMID: 27229883 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder pathologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. No curative therapy is available for PD. We recently found that phytoestrogen β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd) is able to reduce MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. This study investigated the potential of β-Ecd to protect against SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis induced by the PD-related neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the underlying mechanism for this cytoprotection. In the present study, pretreatment with β-Ecd significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by a mitochondria-dependent pathway, as indicated by downregulation of Bax and PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) expression, suppressing ΔΨm loss, inhibiting cytochrome c release, and attenuating caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38(MAPK))-dependent p53 promoter activity contributed to the protection of SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis, which was validated by the use of SB203580 or p38β dominant negative (DN) mutants. Additionally, knock-down apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by specific shRNA and blockade reactive oxygen species (ROS) by pharmacological inhibitor competently prevented β-Ecd-mediated inhibition of p38(MAPK) and ASK1 phosphorylation, respectively. These data provide the first evidence that β-Ecd protects SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, possibly through mitochondria protection and p53 modulation via ROS-dependent ASK1-p38(MAPK) pathways. The neuroprotective effects of β-Ecd make it a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Pan
- Center for New Medicine Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yingcai Niu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yini Liang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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Franco A, Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, Napolitano L, Fiordelisi A, Trimarco B, Durante M, Iaccarino G. Rays Sting: The Acute Cellular Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Transl Med UniSa 2016; 14:42-53. [PMID: 27326395 PMCID: PMC4912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-precision radiation therapy is a clinical approach that uses the targeted delivery of ionizing radiation, and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in high proliferative, radiation sensitive cancers. In particular, in thoracic cancer ratdiation treatments, can not avoid a certain amount of cardiac toxicity. Given the low proliferative rate of cardiac myocytes, research has looked at the effect of radiation on endothelial cells and consequent coronary heart disease as the mechanism of ratdiation induced cardiotoxicity. In fact, little is known concerning the direct effect of radiation on mitochondria dynamis in cardiomyocyte. The main effect of ionizing radiation is the production of ROS and recent works have uncovered that they directly participates to pivotal cell function like mitochondrial quality control. In particular ROS seems to act as check point within the cell to promote either mitochondrial biogenesis and survival or mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Thus, it appears evident that the functional state of the cell, as well as the expression patterns of molecules involved in mitochondrial metabolism may differently modulate mitochondrial fate in response to radiation induced ROS responses. Different molecules have been described to localize to mitochondria and regulate ROS production in response to stress, in particular GRK2. In this review we will discuss the evidences on the cardiac toxicity induced by X ray radiation on cardiomyocytes with emphasis on the role played by mitochondria dynamism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | | | - L Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - A Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - G Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
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Carraretto L, Checchetto V, De Bortoli S, Formentin E, Costa A, Szabó I, Teardo E. Calcium Flux across Plant Mitochondrial Membranes: Possible Molecular Players. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:354. [PMID: 27065186 PMCID: PMC4814809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, have evolved the ability to integrate external stimuli into metabolic and developmental signals. A wide variety of signals, including abiotic, biotic, and developmental stimuli, were observed to evoke specific spatio-temporal Ca(2+) transients which are further transduced by Ca(2+) sensor proteins into a transcriptional and metabolic response. Most of the research on Ca(2+) signaling in plants has been focused on the transport mechanisms for Ca(2+) across the plasma- and the vacuolar membranes as well as on the components involved in decoding of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signals, but how intracellular organelles such as mitochondria are involved in the process of Ca(2+) signaling is just emerging. The combination of the molecular players and the elicitors of Ca(2+) signaling in mitochondria together with newly generated detection systems for measuring organellar Ca(2+) concentrations in plants has started to provide fruitful grounds for further discoveries. In the present review we give an updated overview of the currently identified/hypothesized pathways, such as voltage-dependent anion channels, homologs of the mammalian mitochondrial uniporter (MCU), LETM1, a plant glutamate receptor family member, adenine nucleotide/phosphate carriers and the permeability transition pore (PTP), that may contribute to the transport of Ca(2+) across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes in plants. We briefly discuss the relevance of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis for ensuring optimal bioenergetic performance of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Checchetto
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | | - Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
- CNR, Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMilan, Italy
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- CNR, Institute of NeurosciencesPadova, Italy
| | - Enrico Teardo
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- CNR, Institute of NeurosciencesPadova, Italy
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Qi Y, Liu H, Daniels MP, Zhang G, Xu H. Loss of Drosophila i-AAA protease, dYME1L, causes abnormal mitochondria and apoptotic degeneration. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:291-302. [PMID: 26160069 PMCID: PMC4716308 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) proteases i-AAA (intermembrane space-AAA) and m-AAA (matrix-AAA) are closely related and have major roles in inner membrane protein homeostasis. Mutations of m-AAA proteases are associated with neuromuscular disorders in humans. However, the role of i-AAA in metazoans is poorly understood. We generated a deletion affecting Drosophila i-AAA, dYME1L (dYME1L(del)). Mutant flies exhibited premature aging, progressive locomotor deficiency and neurodegeneration that resemble some key features of m-AAA diseases. dYME1L(del) flies displayed elevated mitochondrial unfolded protein stress and irregular cristae. Aged dYME1L(del) flies had reduced complex I (NADH/ubiquinone oxidoreductase) activity, increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), severely disorganized mitochondrial membranes and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibiting apoptosis by targeting dOmi (Drosophila Htra2/Omi) or DIAP1, or reducing ROS accumulation suppressed retinal degeneration. Our results suggest that i-AAA is essential for removing unfolded proteins and maintaining mitochondrial membrane architecture. Loss of i-AAA leads to the accumulation of oxidative damage and progressive deterioration of membrane integrity, which might contribute to apoptosis upon the release of proapoptotic molecules such as dOmi. Containing ROS level could be a potential strategy to manage mitochondrial AAA protease deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Liu
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M P Daniels
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Zhang
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, 6C212, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel/Fax: +1 301 594 5940; E-mail:
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Bondi H, Zilocchi M, Mare MG, D'Agostino G, Giovannardi S, Ambrosio S, Fasano M, Alberio T. Dopamine induces mitochondrial depolarization without activating PINK1-mediated mitophagy. J Neurochem 2016; 136:1219-1231. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Bondi
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
- Center of Neuroscience; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
| | - Mara Zilocchi
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
- Center of Neuroscience; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mare
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
| | - Gianluca D'Agostino
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
- Biochemistry Unit; Second Department of Physiological Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Stefano Giovannardi
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Biochemistry Unit; Second Department of Physiological Sciences; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
- Center of Neuroscience; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Division of Biomedical Research; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
- Center of Neuroscience; University of Insubria; Busto Arsizio Italy
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics, fission and fusion, were first identified in yeast with investigation in heart cells beginning only in the last 5 to 7 years. In the ensuing time, it has become evident that these processes are not only required for healthy mitochondria, but also, that derangement of these processes contributes to disease. The fission and fusion proteins have a number of functions beyond the mitochondrial dynamics. Many of these functions are related to their membrane activities, such as apoptosis. However, other functions involve other areas of the mitochondria, such as OPA1's role in maintaining cristae structure and preventing cytochrome c leak, and its essential (at least a 10 kDa fragment of OPA1) role in mtDNA replication. In heart disease, changes in expression of these important proteins can have detrimental effects on mitochondrial and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - T T Liu
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
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Sun Y, Xue W, Song Z, Huang K, Zheng L. Restoration of Opa1-long isoform inhibits retinal injury-induced neurodegeneration. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:335-46. [PMID: 26530815 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) is a critical factor that regulates fusion and other important functions of mitochondria. In mitochondrion, the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence of Opa1 precursors is removed to generate Opa1 long isoforms (L-Opa1), which are further cleaved into short isoforms (S-Opa1). In the present study, we found that retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and intravitreal injection of carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) both dramatically induced Opa1 cleavage and caused loss of L-Opa1. In cultured neuronal cells under hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury, similar changes for Opa1 were also observed. In contrast, restoration of L-Opa1 level by overexpression of S1 cleavage site deletion Opa1 splice 1 (Opa1-ΔS1) not only normalized the H/R-induced mitochondrial morphology changes, but also inhibited the H/R-induced apoptosis, necrosis, and the intracellular ATP loss. Furthermore, recovering L-Opa1 level in the I/R-injured retina by intravitreal injection of genipin or overexpression of Opa1-ΔS1 inhibited apoptosis, necrosis, cell loss in the ganglion cell layer and retinal thickness reduction. Together, our data demonstrated the loss of L-Opa1 is involved in the development of retinal I/R injury, indicating restoring L-Opa1 level may be considered as a therapeutic target for I/R injury-related diseases, at least for the retina. Key messages: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury induces L-Opa1 loss. Opa1-ΔS1 overexpression inhibits H/R-induced L-Opa1 loss. Opa1-ΔS1 overexpression inhibits H/R-induced mitochondria morphology change. Opa1-ΔS1 and genipin inhibit retinal I/R injury-induced necroptosis. Opa1-ΔS1 and genipin inhibit retinal I/R injury-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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