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Mazaira GI, Erlejman AG, Zgajnar NR, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. The transportosome system as a model for the retrotransport of soluble proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112047. [PMID: 37604241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The classic model of action of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sustains that its associated heat-shock protein of 90-kDa (HSP90) favours the cytoplasmic retention of the unliganded GR, whereas the binding of steroid triggers the dissociation of HSP90 allowing the passive nuclear accumulation of GR. In recent years, it was described a molecular machinery called transportosome that is responsible for the active retrograde transport of GR. The transportosome heterocomplex includes a dimer of HSP90, the stabilizer co-chaperone p23, and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 52-kDa), an immunophilin that binds dynein/dynactin motor proteins. The model shows that upon steroid binding, FKBP52 is recruited to the GR allowing its active retrograde transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Then, the entire GR heterocomplex translocates through the nuclear pore complex. The HSP90-based heterocomplex is released in the nucleoplasm followed by receptor dimerization. Subsequent findings demonstrated that the transportosome is also responsible for the retrotransport of other soluble proteins. Importantly, the disruption of this molecular oligomer leads to several diseases. In this article, we discuss the relevance of this transport machinery in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina.
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Chudakova DA, Trubetskoy D, Baida G, Bhalla P, Readhead B, Budunova I. REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) modulates the glucocorticoid receptor function in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1725-1733. [PMID: 37483165 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases despite significant adverse effects including skin atrophy. Effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcription factor. Previously, we discovered that one of the GR target genes, REDD1, is causatively involved in skin atrophy. Here, we investigated its role in GR function using HaCaT REDD1 knockout (KO) keratinocytes. We found large differences in transcriptome of REDD1 KO and control Cas9 cells in response to glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA): both the scope and amplitude of response were significantly decreased in REDD1 KO. The status of REDD1 did not affect GR stability/degradation during self-desensitization, and major steps in GR activation-its nuclear import and phosphorylation at activating Ser211. However, the amount of GR phosphorylated at Ser226 that may play negative role in GR signalling, was increased in the nuclei of REDD1 KO cells. GR nuclear import and transcriptional activity also depend on the composition of GR chaperone complex: exchange of chaperone FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein 5) for FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein 4) being a necessary step in GR activation. We found the increased expression and abnormal nuclear translocation of FKBP51 in both untreated and FA-treated REDD1 KO cells. Overall, our results suggest the existence of a feed-forward loop in GR signalling mediated by its target gene REDD1, which has translational potential for the development of safer GR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Chudakova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Federal Centre for Brain and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Trubetskoy
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- SBDRC, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Centre, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - I Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Centre, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Zgajnar N, Lagadari M, Gallo LI, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. Mitochondrial-nuclear communication by FKBP51 shuttling. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36815347 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The HSP90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is a soluble protein that shows high homology and structural similarity with FKBP52. Both immunophilins are functionally divergent and often show antagonistic actions. They were first described in steroid receptor complexes, their exchange in the complex being the earliest known event in steroid receptor activation upon ligand binding. In addition to steroid-related events, several pleiotropic actions of FKBP51 have emerged during the last years, ranging from cell differentiation and apoptosis to metabolic and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, mitochondria play vital cellular roles in maintaining energy homeostasis, responding to stress conditions, and affecting cell cycle regulation, calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and so forth. This is achieved by proteins that are encoded in both the nuclear genome and mitochondrial genes. This implies active nuclear-mitochondrial communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Such communication involves factors that regulate nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression affecting the synthesis and recruitment of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, and/or changes in the functional state of the mitochondria itself, which enable mitochondria to recover from stress. FKBP51 has emerged as a serious candidate to participate in these regulatory roles since it has been unexpectedly found in mitochondria showing antiapoptotic effects. Such localization involves the tetratricopeptide repeats domains of the immunophilin and not its intrinsic enzymatic activity of peptidylprolyl-isomerase. Importantly, FKBP51 abandons the mitochondria and accumulates in the nucleus upon cell differentiation or during the onset of stress. Nuclear FKBP51 enhances the enzymatic activity of telomerase. The mitochondrial-nuclear trafficking is reversible, and certain situations such as viral infections promote the opposite trafficking, that is, FKBP51 abandons the nucleus and accumulates in mitochondria. In this article, we review the latest findings related to the mitochondrial-nuclear communication mediated by FKBP51 and speculate about the possible implications of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lagadari
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Luciana I Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFYBYNE)/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The Scaffold Immunophilin FKBP51 Is a Phosphoprotein That Undergoes Dynamic Mitochondrial-Nuclear Shuttling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233771. [PMID: 36497030 PMCID: PMC9739885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunophilin FKBP51 forms heterocomplexes with molecular chaperones, protein-kinases, protein-phosphatases, autophagy-related factors, and transcription factors. Like most scaffold proteins, FKBP51 can use a simple tethering mechanism to favor the efficiency of interactions with partner molecules, but it can also exert more complex allosteric controls over client factors, the immunophilin itself being a putative regulation target. One of the simplest strategies for regulating pathways and subcellular localization of proteins is phosphorylation. In this study, it is shown that scaffold immunophilin FKBP51 is resolved by resolutive electrophoresis in various phosphorylated isoforms. This was evidenced by their reactivity with specific anti-phosphoamino acid antibodies and their fade-out by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, stress situations such as exposure to oxidants or in vivo fasting favors FKBP51 translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus. While fasting involves phosphothreonine residues, oxidative stress involves tyrosine residues. Molecular modeling predicts the existence of potential targets located at the FK1 domain of the immunophilin. Thus, oxidative stress favors FKBP51 dephosphorylation and protein degradation by the proteasome, whereas FK506 binding protects the persistence of the post-translational modification in tyrosine, leading to FKBP51 stability under oxidative conditions. Therefore, FKBP51 is revealed as a phosphoprotein that undergoes differential phosphorylations according to the stimulus.
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Filimon A, Preda IA, Boloca AF, Negroiu G. Interleukin-8 in Melanoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Therapy-An Integrated View into Other Neoplasms and Chemokine Networks. Cells 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 35011682 PMCID: PMC8750532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma accounts for only about 7% of skin cancers but is causing almost 90% of deaths. Melanoma cells have a distinct repertoire of mutations from other cancers, a high plasticity and degree of mimicry toward vascular phenotype, stemness markers, versatility in evading and suppress host immune control. They exert a significant influence on immune, endothelial and various stromal cells which form tumor microenvironment. The metastatic stage, the leading cause of mortality in this neoplasm, is the outcome of a complex, still poorly understood, cross-talk between tumor and other cell phenotypes. There is accumulating evidence that Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is emblematic for advanced melanomas. This work aimed to present an updated status of IL-8 in melanoma tumor cellular complexity, through a comprehensive analysis including data from other chemokines and neoplasms. The multiple processes and mechanisms surveyed here demonstrate that IL-8 operates following orchestrated programs within signaling webs in melanoma, stromal and vascular cells. Importantly, the yet unknown molecularity regulating IL-8 impact on cells of the immune system could be exploited to overturn tumor fate. The molecular and cellular targets of IL-8 should be brought into the attention of even more intense scientific exploration and valorization in the therapeutical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriela Negroiu
- Group of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (I.A.P.); (A.F.B.)
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Tufano M, Cesaro E, Martinelli R, Pacelli R, Romano S, Romano MF. FKBP51 Affects TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand Response in Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718947. [PMID: 34589486 PMCID: PMC8473884 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors and has the highest potential to elicit specific adaptive antitumor immune responses. Immune cells induce apoptosis of cancer cells either by soluble factors or by triggering cell-death pathways. Melanoma cells exploit multiple mechanisms to escape immune system tumoricidal control. FKBP51 is a relevant pro-oncogenic factor of melanoma cells supporting NF-κB-mediated resistance and cancer stemness/invasion epigenetic programs. Herein, we show that FKBP51-silencing increases TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-R2 (DR5) expression and sensitizes melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Consistent with the general increase in histone deacetylases, as by the proteomic profile, the immune precipitation assay showed decreased acetyl-Yin Yang 1 (YY1) after FKBP51 depletion, suggesting an impaired repressor activity of this transcription factor. ChIP assay supported this hypothesis. Compared with non-silenced cells, a reduced acetyl-YY1 was found on the DR5 promoter, resulting in increased DR5 transcript levels. Using Crispr/Cas9 knockout (KO) melanoma cells, we confirmed the negative regulation of DR5 by FKBP51. We also show that KO cells displayed reduced levels of acetyl-EP300 responsible for YY1 acetylation, along with reduced acetyl-YY1. Reconstituting FKBP51 levels contrasted the effects of KO on DR5, acetyl-YY1, and acetyl-EP300 levels. In conclusion, our finding shows that FKBP51 reduces DR5 expression at the transcriptional level by promoting YY1 repressor activity. Our study supports the conclusion that targeting FKBP51 increases the expression level of DR5 and sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death, which can improve the tumoricidal action of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tufano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolaree Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolaree Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia ed Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolaree Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolaree Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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FKBP51 promotes invasion and migration by increasing the autophagic degradation of TIMP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:899. [PMID: 34599146 PMCID: PMC8486832 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of metastasis is a serious risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. In order to develop novel therapeutic approaches to control the progression of metastatic RCC, it is of urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC metastasis and identify prognostic markers of metastatic risk. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been known to be closely associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, which plays a highly active role in tumor metastasis. Recent studies have shown that immunophilin FK-506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) may be important for the regulation of ECM function, and exert effects on the invasion and migration of tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these activities remain unclear. The present study detected the role of FKBP51 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of RCC, and found that FKBP51 significantly promotes ccRCC invasion and migration by binding with the TIMP3, connecting TIMP3 with Beclin1 complex and increasing autophagic degradation of TIMP3. Given the important roles that TIMPs/MMPs play in ECM regulation and remodeling, our findings will provide new perspective for future investigation of the regulation of metastasis of kidney cancer and other types of cancer.
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Anderson ZT, Palmer JW, Idris MI, Villavicencio KM, Le G, Cowart J, Weinstein DE, Harris ML. Topical RT1640 treatment effectively reverses gray hair and stem cell loss in a mouse model of radiation‐induced canities. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:89-100. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya T. Anderson
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Joseph W. Palmer
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Misgana I. Idris
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - Giang Le
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Jaelyn Cowart
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | | | - Melissa L. Harris
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
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Kodama Y, Nakashima M, Nagahara T, Oyama N, Hashizume J, Nakagawa H, Harasawa H, Muro T, Kurosaki T, Yamashita C, Hashida M, Kitahara T, Sasaki H, Kawakami S, Nakamura T. Development of a DNA Vaccine for Melanoma Metastasis by Inhalation Based on an Analysis of Transgene Expression Characteristics of Naked pDNA and a Ternary Complex in Mouse Lung Tissues. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E540. [PMID: 32545209 PMCID: PMC7355686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated a pulmonary delivery system of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and its application to melanoma DNA vaccines. pCMV-Luc, pEGFP-C1, and pZsGreen were used as a model pDNA to evaluate transfection efficacy after inhalation in mice. Naked pDNA and a ternary complex, consisting of pDNA, dendrigraft poly-l-lysine (DGL), and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), both showed strong gene expression in the lungs after inhalation. The transgene expression was detected in alveolar macrophage-rich sites by observation using multi-color deep imaging. On the basis of these results, we used pUb-M, which expresses melanoma-related antigens (ubiquitinated murine melanoma gp100 and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) peptide epitopes), as DNA vaccine for melanoma. The inhalation of naked pUb-M and its ternary complex significantly inhibited the metastasis of B16-F10 cells, a melanoma cell line, in mice. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, which enhance Th1 responses, were higher with the pUb-M ternary complex than with naked pUb-M and pEGFP-C1 ternary complex as control. In conclusion, we clarified that the inhalation of naked pDNA as well as its ternary complex are a useful technique for cancer vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Mikiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Tadayuki Nagahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Natsuko Oyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Junya Hashizume
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroo Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitomi Harasawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Takahiro Muro
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kitahara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 MinamiKogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.N.); (T.N.); (N.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Tadahiro Nakamura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.K.); (J.H.); (H.N.); (H.H.); (T.M.); (T.K.); (H.S.)
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Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
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Xu H, Liu P, Yan Y, Fang K, Liang D, Hou X, Zhang X, Wu S, Ma J, Wang R, Li T, Piao H, Meng S. FKBP9 promotes the malignant behavior of glioblastoma cells and confers resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:44. [PMID: 32111229 PMCID: PMC7048151 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background FK506-binding protein 9 (FKBP9) is amplified in high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, the roles and mechanism(s) of FKBP9 in glioma are unknown. Methods The expression of FKBP9 in clinical glioma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between FKBP9 expression levels and the clinical prognosis of glioma patients was examined by bioinformatic analysis. Glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines stably depleted of FKBP9 were established using lentiviruses expressing shRNAs against FKBP9. The effects of FKBP9 on GBM cells were determined by cell-based analyses, including anchorage-independent growth, spheroid formation, transwell invasion assay, confocal microscopy, immunoblot (IB) and coimmunoprecipitation assays. In vivo tumor growth was determined in both chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and mouse xenograft models. Results High FKBP9 expression correlated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Knockdown of FKBP9 markedly suppressed the malignant phenotype of GBM cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, FKBP9 expression induced the activation of p38MAPK signaling via ASK1. Furthermore, ASK1-p38 signaling contributed to the FKBP9-mediated effects on GBM cell clonogenic growth. In addition, depletion of FKBP9 activated the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway, which played a role in the FKBP9-mediated oncogenic effects. Importantly, FKBP9 expression conferred GBM cell resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducers that caused FKBP9 ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusions Our findings suggest an oncogenic role for FKBP9 in GBM and reveal FKBP9 as a novel mediator in the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhe Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, No. 1098, Xueyuan avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yumei Yan
- The First Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiukun Hou
- The First Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, 9 Lvshun Road South, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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12
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Nye A, Collins JD, Porter CL, Montes de Oca M, George K, Stafford CG, Schammel CMG, Horton S, Trocha SD. Predictive genetic profiles for regional lymph node metastasis in primary cutaneous melanoma: a case-matched pilot study. Melanoma Res 2018; 28:555-561. [PMID: 30179987 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma confers an estimated lifetime risk of one in 50 for 2016. Clinicopathologic staging and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) have been the standard of care for T2 and T3 lesions. Molecular biomarkers identified in the primary lesion suggestive of metastatic potential may offer a more conclusive prognosis of these lesions. Our purpose was to investigate molecular mutations in primary melanoma that were predictive for micrometastasis as defined by a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a case-controlled manner: nine patients with negative SLN and nine with positive SLN. The two cohorts were statistically identical as shown by a t-test for age (P=0.17), race (P=0.18), Breslow depth (P=0.14), Clark level (P=0.33), host response (P=0.17), ulceration (P=0.50), satellite nodules (P=0.17), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.50), and mitotic activity (P=0.09). While no single gene was significantly associated with SLN status, multivariate analysis using classification and regression tree assessment revealed two unique gene profiles that completely represented regional metastases in our cohort as defined by a positive SLN: PIK3CA (+) NRAS (-) and PIK3CA (-) ERBB4 (-) TP53 (+) SMAD4 (-). These profiles were identified in 89% of the patients with positive SLN; none of these profiles were identified in the SLN-negative cohort. We identified two unique gene profiles associated with positive SLN that do not overlap other studies and highlight the genetic complexity that portends the metastatic phenotype in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nye
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville
| | | | | | | | | | - Colin G Stafford
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Samuel Horton
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Associates, Greenville
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13
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Baida G, Bhalla P, Yemelyanov A, Stechschulte LA, Shou W, Readhead B, Dudley JT, Sánchez ER, Budunova I. Deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor chaperone FKBP51 prevents glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34772-34783. [PMID: 30410676 PMCID: PMC6205168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein 51) is a known co-chaperone and regulator of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which usually attenuates its activity. FKBP51 is one of the major GR target genes in skin, but its role in clinical effects of glucocorticoids is not known. Here, we used FKBP51 knockout (KO) mice to determine FKBP51's role in the major adverse effect of topical glucocorticoids, skin atrophy. Unexpectedly, we found that all skin compartments (epidermis, dermis, dermal adipose and CD34+ stem cells) in FKBP51 KO animals were much more resistant to glucocorticoid-induced hypoplasia. Furthermore, despite the absence of inhibitory FKBP51, the basal level of expression and glucocorticoid activation of GR target genes were not increased in FKBP51 KO skin or CRISPR/Cas9-edited FKBP51 KO HaCaT human keratinocytes. FKBP51 is known to negatively regulate Akt and mTOR. We found a significant increase in AktSer473 and mTORSer2448 phosphorylation and downstream pro-growth signaling in FKBP51-deficient keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. As Akt/mTOR-GR crosstalk is usually negative in skin, our results suggest that Akt/mTOR activation could be responsible for the lack of increased GR function and resistance of FKBP51 KO mice to the steroid-induced skin atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaj Bhalla
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lance A Stechschulte
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ben Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin R Sánchez
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Gao Y, Elamin E, Zhou R, Yan H, Liu S, Hu S, Dong J, Wei M, Sun L, Zhao Y. FKBP51 promotes migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma through NF-κB-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7020-7028. [PMID: 30546435 PMCID: PMC6256738 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a member of the immunophilin family, with relevant roles in multiple signaling pathways, tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. However, the function of FKBP51 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, increased FKBP51 expression was detected in PTC tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the expression level was associated with clinical tumor, node and metastasis stage. Using FKBP51-overexpressing K1 cells and FKBP51-knockdown TPC-1 cells, both human PTC cell lines, it was identified that FKBP51 promoted the migration and invasion of PTC, without affecting cell proliferation. Further investigation revealed that FKBP51 activated the NF-κB pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, and EMT was suppressed when NF-κB was inhibited. It was also assessed whether FKBP51 promoted the formation of cytoskeleton to promote migration and invasion of PTC using a tubulin tracker; however, no evidence of such an effect was observed. These results suggested that FKBP51 promotes migration and invasion through NF-κB-dependent EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Elham Elamin
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rongfang Zhou
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Huili Yan
- Department of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan 250062, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Muyun Wei
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Linying Sun
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250021, P.R. China
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15
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Matosin N, Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Gene by Environment Interactions in Psychiatric Disorders: The FKBP5 Model. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:821-830. [PMID: 29573791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and genetic studies suggest common environmental and genetic risk factors for a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors, especially adverse life events, not only have main effects on disease development but also may interact to shape risk and resilience. Such gene by adversity interactions have been described for FKBP5, an endogenous regulator of the stress-neuroendocrine system, conferring risk for a number of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we present a molecular and cellular model of the consequences of FKBP5 by early adversity interactions. We illustrate how altered genetic and epigenetic regulation of FKBP5 may contribute to disease risk by covering evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of FKBP5 dysregulation, known cell-type and tissue-type expression patterns of FKBP5 in humans and animals, and the role of FKBP5 as a stress-responsive molecular hub modulating many cellular pathways. FKBP5 presents the possibility to better understand the molecular and cellular factors contributing to a disease-relevant gene by environment interaction, with implications for the development of biomarkers and interventions for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Matosin
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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16
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Xu WY, Zhang HH, Yang XB, Bai Y, Lin JZ, Long JY, Xiong JP, Zhang JW, Sang XT, Zhao HT. Prognostic significance of combined preoperative fibrinogen and CA199 in gallbladder cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1451-1463. [PMID: 29632426 PMCID: PMC5889825 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i13.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prognostic value of the combination of preoperative plasma fibrinogen and CA199 in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).
METHODS The clinicopathological data of 154 GBC patients were retrospectively reviewed after surgery. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to verify the optimum cut-off values for plasma fibrinogen and CA199. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with GBC prognosis. Based on the HRs calculated via multivariate survival analyses, patients with elevated plasma fibrinogen and CA199 levels were allocated a score of 2.1; those with an elevated plasma fibrinogen level only were allocated a score of 1, those with an elevated CA199 level only were allocated a score of 1.1, and those with neither of these abnormalities were allocated a score of 0.
RESULTS ROC curve analysis showed that the optimum cut-off values for preoperative plasma fibrinogen and CA199 were 3.47 g/L and 25.45 U/mL, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen and CA199 levels were significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.711, 95%CI: 1.114-2.627, P = 0.014, and HR = 1.842, 95%CI: 1.111-3.056, P = 0.018). When we combined these two parameters, the area under the ROC curve increased from 0.735 (for preoperative plasma fibrinogen only) and 0.729 (for preoperative CA199 only) to 0.765. When this combined variable was added to the multivariate analysis, the combination of plasma fibrinogen and CA199 (P < 0.001), resection margin (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors for GBC.
CONCLUSION The combination of plasma fibrinogen and CA199 may serve as a more efficient independent prognostic biomarker for postoperative GBC patients than either parameter alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao-Hai Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Yu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xiong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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17
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Integration of zebrafish fin regeneration genes with expression data of human tumors in silico uncovers potential novel melanoma markers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71567-71579. [PMID: 27689402 PMCID: PMC5342102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires expression of a large, unknown number of genes to initiate and maintain cellular processes such as proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, differentiation and migration. A unique model to simulate this process in a controlled manner is the re-growth of the caudal fin of zebrafish after amputation. Within this tissue stem cells differentiate into fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells as well as melanocytes. Many genes implicated in the regeneration process are deregulated in cancer. We therefore undertook a systematic gene expression study to identify genes upregulated during the re-growth of caudal fin tissue. By applying a high stringency cut-off value of 4-fold change, we identified 54 annotated genes significantly overexpressed in regenerating blastema. Further bioinformatics data mining studies showed that 22 out of the 54 regeneration genes where overexpressed in melanoma compared to normal skin or other cancers. Whereas the role of TNC (tenascin C) and FN1 (fibronectin 1) in melanoma development is well documented, implication of MARCKS, RCN3, BAMBI, PEA3/ETV4 and the FK506 family members FKBP7, FKBP10 and FKBP11 in melanoma progression is unclear. Corresponding proteins were detected in melanoma tissue but not in normal skin. High expression of FKBP7, DPYSL5 and MDK was significantly associated with poor survival. We discuss a potential role of these novel melanoma genes, which have promising potential as new therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers.
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18
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Melanoma: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Progression, Clonal Evolution and Tumor Initiating Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:E28. [PMID: 29156643 PMCID: PMC5753657 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasia issued from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment-generating cells of the skin. It is responsible for about 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. Melanoma is a phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous disease: cutaneous, uveal, acral, and mucosal melanomas have different clinical courses, are associated with different mutational profiles, and possess distinct risk factors. The discovery of the molecular abnormalities underlying melanomas has led to the promising improvement of therapy, and further progress is expected in the near future. The study of melanoma precursor lesions has led to the suggestion that the pathway of tumor evolution implies the progression from benign naevi, to dysplastic naevi, to melanoma in situ and then to invasive and metastatic melanoma. The gene alterations characterizing melanomas tend to accumulate in these precursor lesions in a sequential order. Studies carried out in recent years have, in part, elucidated the great tumorigenic potential of melanoma tumor cells. These findings have led to speculation that the cancer stem cell model cannot be applied to melanoma because, in this malignancy, tumor cells possess an intrinsic plasticity, conferring the capacity to initiate and maintain the neoplastic process to phenotypically different tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Mascolo M, Romano MF, Ilardi G, Romano S, Baldo A, Scalvenzi M, Argenziano G, Merolla F, Russo D, Varricchio S, Pagliuca F, Russo M, Ciancia G, De Rosa G, Staibano S. Expression of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in Mycosis fungoides. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:735-744. [PMID: 28977697 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the major subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). It usually has a prolonged indolent clinical course with a minority of cases acquiring a more aggressive biological profile and resistance to conventional therapies, partially attributed to the persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In the last decade, several papers suggested an important role for the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), an immunophilin initially cloned in lymphocytes, in the control of NF-κB pathway in different types of human malignancies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the possible value of FKBP51 expression as a new reliable marker of outcome in patients with MF. METHODS We assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) FKBP51 expression in 44 patients with MF, representative of different stages of the disease. Immunohistochemical results were subsequently confirmed at mRNA level with quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a subset of enrolled patients. In addition, IHC and qPCR served to study the expression of some NF-κB-target genes, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). RESULTS Our results show that FKBP51 was expressed in all evaluated cases, with the highest level of expression characterizing MFs with the worst prognosis. Moreover, a significant correlation subsisted between FKBP51 and TRAF2 IHC expression scores. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize a role for FKBP51 as a prognostic marker for MF and suggest an involvement of this immunophilin in deregulated NF-κB pathway of this CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascolo
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M F Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ilardi
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Baldo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Scalvenzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - F Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - D Russo
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Varricchio
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pagliuca
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ciancia
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G De Rosa
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - S Staibano
- Pathology Section, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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D'Arrigo P, Russo M, Rea A, Tufano M, Guadagno E, Del Basso De Caro ML, Pacelli R, Hausch F, Staibano S, Ilardi G, Parisi S, Romano MF, Romano S. A regulatory role for the co-chaperone FKBP51s in PD-L1 expression in glioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68291-68304. [PMID: 28978117 PMCID: PMC5620257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FKBP51 is a co-chaperone with isomerase activity, abundantly expressed in glioma. We previously identified a spliced isoform (FKBP51s) and highlighted a role for this protein in the upregulation of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in melanoma. Because gliomas can express PD-L1 causing a defective host anti-tumoral immunity, we investigated whether FKBP51s was expressed in glioma and played a role in PD-L1 regulation in this tumour. Methods We used D54 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines that constitutively expressed PD-L1. FKBP51s was measured by immunoblot, flow cytometry and microscopy. In patient tumours, IHC and qPCR were used to measure protein and mRNA levels respectively. FKBP51s depletion was achieved by siRNAs, and its enzymatic function was inhibited using selective inhibitors (SAFit). We investigated protein maturation using N-glycosidase and cell fractionation approaches. Results FKBP51s was expressed at high levels in glioma cells. Glycosylated-PD-L1 was increased and reduced by FKBP51s overexpression or silencing, respectively. Naïve PD-L1 was found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of glioma cells complexed with FKBP51s, whereas the glycosylated form was measured in the Golgi apparatus. SAFit reduced PD-L1 levels (constitutively expressed and ionizing radiation-induced). SAFit reduced cell death of PBMC co-cultured with glioma. Conclusions Here we addressed the mechanism of post-translational regulation of PD-L1 protein in glioma. FKBP51s upregulated PD-L1 expression on the plasma membrane by catalysing the protein folding required for subsequent glycosylation. Inhibition of FKBP51s isomerase activity by SAFit decreased PD-L1 levels. These findings suggest that FKBP51s is a potential target of immunomodulatory strategies for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pacelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Felix Hausch
- Technical University Darmstadt Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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21
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Mei Y, Liu H, Sun X, Li X, Zhao S, Ma R. Plasma fibrinogen level may be a possible marker for the clinical response and prognosis of patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28621233 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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22
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Takaoka M, Ito S, Miki Y, Nakanishi A. FKBP51 regulates cell motility and invasion via RhoA signaling. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:380-389. [PMID: 28032931 PMCID: PMC5378274 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), a member of the immunophilin family, is involved in multiple signaling pathways, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance. FKBP51 expression correlates with metastatic potential in melanoma and prostate cancer. However, the functions of FKBP51, particularly involving the regulation of cell motility and invasion, are not fully understood. We discovered two novel interacting partner proteins of FKBP51, i.e., deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2), using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. DLC1 and DLC2 are Rho GTPase‐activating proteins that are frequently downregulated in various cancers. Next, we demonstrated that overexpression of FKBP51 enhances cell motility and invasion of U2OS cells via upregulation of RhoA activity and enhanced Rho‐ROCK signaling. Moreover, FKBP51‐depleted cells displayed a cortical distribution of actin filaments and decreased cell motility and invasion. Consistent with this phenotype, FKBP51 depletion caused a downregulation of RhoA activity. Considered together, our results demonstrate that FKBP51 positively controls cell motility by promoting RhoA and ROCK activation; thus, we have revealed a novel role for FKBP51 in cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takaoka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Genetic Diagnosis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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23
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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24
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Lagadari M, Zgajnar NR, Gallo LI, Galigniana MD. Hsp90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 forms complexes with hTERT enhancing telomerase activity. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1086-98. [PMID: 27233944 PMCID: PMC5423183 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins are members of the immunophilin family of proteins. Those immunophilins associated to the 90-kDa-heat-shock protein, Hsp90, have been proposed as potential modulators of signalling cascade factors chaperoned by Hsp90. FKBP51 and FKBP52 are the best characterized Hsp90-bound immunophilins first described associated to steroid-receptors. The reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase, hTERT, is also an Hsp90 client-protein and is highly expressed in cancer cells, where it is required to compensate the loss of telomeric DNA after each successive cell division. Because FKBP51 is also a highly expressed protein in cancer tissues, we analyzed its potential association with hTERT·Hsp90 complexes and its possible biological role. In this study it is demonstrated that both immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, co-immunoprecipitate with hTERT. The Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol disrupts the heterocomplex and favors the partial cytoplasmic relocalization of hTERT in similar manner as the overexpression of the TPR-domain peptide of the immunophilin. While confocal microscopy images show that FKBP51 is primarily localized in mitochondria and hTERT is totally nuclear, upon the onset of oxidative stress, FKBP51 (but not FKBP52) becomes mostly nuclear colocalizing with hTERT, and longer exposure times to peroxide favors hTERT export to mitochondria. Importantly, telomerase activity of hTERT is significantly enhanced by FKBP51. These observations support the emerging role assigned to FKBP51 as antiapoptotic factor in cancer development and progression, and describe for the first time the potential role of this immunophilin favoring the clonal expansion by enhancing telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lagadari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Luciana I Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (CONICET) & Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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25
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Rotoli D, Morales M, Del Carmen Maeso M, Del Pino García M, Morales A, Ávila J, Martín-Vasallo P. Expression and localization of the immunophilin FKBP51 in colorectal carcinomas and primary metastases, and alterations following oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1315-1322. [PMID: 27446431 PMCID: PMC4950813 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunophilin FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP51) is a scaffold protein that serves a pivotal role in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, integrating external and internal stimuli into distinct signal outputs. In a previous study, we identified several genes that are significantly up- or downregulated in the peripheral white cells (PWCs) of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) patients undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. In our screening, FKBP51 gene expression was downregulated following chemotherapy. In order to determine whether this alteration in gene expression observed in PWCs may be detected at the protein level in tumors and metastases following the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, an immunohistochemical analysis of FKBP51 in CRC and primary metastasis tissues was performed. The present study confirmed the downregulation of FKBP51 gene expression elicited by chemotherapy with folinic acid (leucovorin), fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in metastasized liver tissue that had been resected after the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, compared with tissue section samples of CRC from patients (prior to antineoplastic treatment). Furthermore, the results indicated that, in CRC tissue sections, the expression of FKBP51 protein is associated with an immature phenotype of stromal fibroblasts and with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, suggesting a role for this protein in the EMT process in CRC. Finally, the observation that only certain cells of the stroma express FKBP51 protein suggests a potential role for this immunophilin as a stroma cell subtype marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rotoli
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, UD- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, La Laguna University, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain; National Research Council, Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Unit of Medical Oncology, Hospiten Hospitals, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38001 Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Maeso
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Morales
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, School of Medicine and Centre for Biomedical Research of The Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Julio Ávila
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, UD- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, La Laguna University, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, UD- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, La Laguna University, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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26
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Wang X, Zhao F, He X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ni Y, Sun J, Wang X, Dou J. Combining TGF-β1 knockdown and miR200c administration to optimize antitumor efficacy of B16F10/GPI-IL-21 vaccine. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12493-504. [PMID: 25895132 PMCID: PMC4494953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 secreted abundantly by tumors cells as well as present in the local microenvironment promotes neoplasm invasion and metastasis by triggering the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). MiR200c has been shown to suppress EMT and to regulate the cellular epithelial and interstitial state conversion, whereas the tumor vaccines are intended to specifically initiate or amplify a host response against evolving tumor cells. Our study aimed at optimizing the antitumor effects of the B16F10/glycosylphosphatidylinositol-interleukin 21 (B16F10/GPI-IL-21) tumor vaccine on melanoma bearing mice by combining the TGF-β1 knockdown and the administration of miR200c agomir. The mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with inactivated B16F10/GPI-IL-21 vaccine and challenged by B16F10 cells transfected with shTGF-β1 (B16F10/shTGF-β1 cells) or B16F10/shTGF-β1 cells with the administration of miR200c agomir. The later combination showed that, when compared with the mice in the control group that received no vaccination, vaccinated mice significantly increased NK and CTL activities, enhanced levels of IFN-γ, and reduced expression of TGF-β1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Gli1/2, P-Smad2/3 and others involved in promoting expression of EMT-related molecules in tumor areas, and inhibited the melanoma metastasis in lungs and lymph nodes. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that this synergistic anti-cancer regimen effectively induces strong immune response and diminishes the melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Ni
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Center for Experiment Animal, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Androgen Receptor and Androgen-Responsive Gene FKBP5 Are Independent Prognostic Indicators for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:433-43. [PMID: 26467701 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a male-dominant disease, but the role of androgens is unclear. AIMS To examine the expression and clinical correlates of the androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen-responsive gene FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Expression of AR and FKBP5 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effect of the AR ligand 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the expression of a panel of androgen-responsive genes was measured in AR-positive and AR-negative esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Correlations in expression between androgen-responsive genes were analyzed in an independent cohort of esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues. RESULTS There was AR staining in 75 of 77 cases (97 %), and FKBP5 staining in 49 (64 %), all of which had nuclear AR. Nuclear AR with FKBP5 expression was associated with decreased median survival (451 vs. 2800 days) and was an independent prognostic indicator (HR 2.894, 95 % CI 1.396–6.002, p = 0.0043) in multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. DHT induced a significant increase in expression of the androgen-responsive genes FKBP5, HMOX1, FBXO32, VEGFA, WNT5A, and KLK3 only in AR-positive cells in vitro. Significant correlations in expression were observed between these androgen-responsive genes in an independent cohort of esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues. CONCLUSION Nuclear AR and expression of FKBP5 is associated with decreased survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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28
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Mei Y, Zhao S, Lu X, Liu H, Li X, Ma R. Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in Patients with Operable Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146233. [PMID: 26799214 PMCID: PMC4723094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with tumor progression and poor outcomes in different cancer patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and prognostic value of preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with operable breast cancer. Methods Two hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with breast cancer were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Plasma fibrinogen levels were examined before treatment and analyzed along with patient clinicopathological parameters, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival(OS). Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the clinicopathological parameters associated with DFS and OS. Results Elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels were directly associated with age of diagnose (≤47 vs. >47, p<0.001), menopause (yes vs. no, p<0.001), tumor size (T1&T2 vs.T3&T4, p = 0.033), tumor stage (Ⅰvs.Ⅱvs.Ⅲ, p = 0.034) and lymph node involvement (N = 0 vs. 1≤N≤3 vs. N≥4, p<0.001), but not with histological grade, molecular type and other Immunohistochemical parameters(ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67). In a univariate survival analysis, tumor stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement (p<0.001/ p<0.001)and plasma fibrinogen (p<0.001/ p<0.001) levels were associated with disease-free and overall survival, but just lymph nodes involvement (p<0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6–5.3/ p = 0.006, HR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.4–7.3) and plasma fibrinogen levels (p = 0.006, HR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.4–8.3/ p = 0.002, HR = 10.1, 95% CI = 2.3–44.6) were associated with disease-free and overall survival in a multivariate survival analysis, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates that elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with breast cancer progression and are independently associated with a poor prognosis in patients with operable breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Wawrzyniak JA, Bagati A, Marvin EK, Ackroyd J, Moparthy S, Bshara W, Fink EE, Foley CE, Morozevich GE, Berman AE, Shewach DS, Nikiforov MA. Pharmacological targeting of guanosine monophosphate synthase suppresses melanoma cell invasion and tumorigenicity. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1858-64. [PMID: 25909885 PMCID: PMC4648332 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma possesses one of the highest metastatic potentials among human cancers. Acquisition of invasive phenotypes is a prerequisite for melanoma metastases. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma invasion will greatly enhance the design of novel agents for melanoma therapeutic intervention. Here, we report that guanosine monophosphate synthase (GMPS), an enzyme required for the de novo biosynthesis of GMP, has a major role in invasion and tumorigenicity of cells derived from either BRAF(V600E) or NRAS(Q61R) human metastatic melanomas. Moreover, GMPS levels are increased in metastatic human melanoma specimens compared with primary melanomas arguing that GMPS is an attractive candidate for anti-melanoma therapy. Accordingly, for the first time we demonstrate that angustmycin A, a nucleoside-analog inhibitor of GMPS produced by Streptomyces hygroscopius efficiently suppresses melanoma cell invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice. Our data identify GMPS as a powerful driver of melanoma cell invasion and warrant further investigation of angustmycin A as a novel anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - J A Wawrzyniak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - A Bagati
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - E K Marvin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - J Ackroyd
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S Moparthy
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - W Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - E E Fink
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - C E Foley
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - G E Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - A E Berman
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - D S Shewach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M A Nikiforov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Zhao F, He X, Sun J, Wu D, Pan M, Li M, Wu S, Zhang R, Yan C, Dou J. Cancer stem cell vaccine expressing ESAT-6-gpi and IL-21 inhibits melanoma growth and metastases. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1870-1882. [PMID: 26692931 PMCID: PMC4656764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines may induce antitumor efficacy, however, weak immunogenicity of tumor antigens is one of the prime obstacles for excitation of the antitumor immune responses. Therefore, strategies that enhance immunogenicity of tumor vaccines are of particular interest. In this study, a novel melanoma B16F10 CD133(+)CD44(+) cancer stem cell (CSC) vaccine expressing 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored form and secreting interleukin (IL)-21 was developed. Its anti-melanoma efficacy and mechanisms were investigated in mice. The results demonstrated that the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 CD133(+)CD44(+) CSC vaccine exhibited enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy as determined by inhibited melanoma growth, prolonged survival of melanoma bearing mice. The anti-melanoma immunity was associated with elevated levels of serum anti-ESAT-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ as well as increased cytotoxic activities of natural killer cells, splenocytes, and complement dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this CSC-based vaccine apparently inhibited melanoma lung metastasis by decreasing the level of Vimentin while increasing the level of E-cadherin expression, suggesting an inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition. Thus, the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 CD133(+)CD44(+) CSC vaccine may be used to reactivate the anti-tumor immunity and for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226361, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
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31
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Feng X, Sippel C, Bracher A, Hausch F. Structure–Affinity Relationship Analysis of Selective FKBP51 Ligands. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7796-806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Feng
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Sippel
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
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32
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Anti-cancer effects of enteric-coated polymers containing mistletoe lectin in murine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:73-87. [PMID: 26152904 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L. var. coloratum) coated with a biodegradable polymer (Eudragit(®)) wall on the growth of mouse melanoma in vivo. Oral administration of 4% (430 mg/kg/day) enteric-coated mistletoe resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume on day 14 compared to the negative control group in B16F10 melanoma-inoculated BDF1 mice. When we measured the survival rate, enteric-coated mistletoe-received mice had a higher survival rate after day 12. Also, we investigated the mechanism involving the cancer cell growth inhibition when melanoma cells were treated with Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and its extract in vitro. As a result, a significant G0/G1 arrest was observed in both B16BL6 and B16F10 melanoma cells with VCA or mistletoe extract. In addition, VCA or mistletoe extract induced an increase in both early and late apoptosis in cells. When we studied the molecular mechanism, our results showed that VCA and mistletoe extract can increase activated multiple caspases (caspase-1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), dose-dependently. We also found out that VCA and mistletoe treatment causes a significant decrease in the expression of procaspase-3 and 8.
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Romano S, Xiao Y, Nakaya M, D'Angelillo A, Chang M, Jin J, Hausch F, Masullo M, Feng X, Romano MF, Sun SC. FKBP51 employs both scaffold and isomerase functions to promote NF-κB activation in melanoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6983-93. [PMID: 26101251 PMCID: PMC4538817 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer; its prognosis, particularly in advanced stages, is disappointing largely due to the resistance to conventional anticancer treatments and high metastatic potential. NF-κB constitutive activation is a major factor for the apoptosis resistance of melanoma. Several studies suggest a role for the immunophilin FKBP51 in NF-κB activation, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that FKBP51 physically interacts with IKK subunits, and facilitates IKK complex assembly. FKBP51-knockdown inhibits the binding of IKKγ to the IKK catalytic subunits, IKK-α and -β, and attenuates the IKK catalytic activity. Using FK506, an inhibitor of the FKBP51 isomerase activity, we found that the IKK-regulatory role of FKBP51 involves both its scaffold function and its isomerase activity. Moreover, FKBP51 also interacts with TRAF2, an upstream mediator of IKK activation. Interestingly, both FKBP51 TPR and PPIase domains are required for its interaction with TRAF2 and IKKγ, whereas only the TPR domain is involved in interactions with IKKα and β. Collectively, these results suggest that FKBP51 promotes NF-κB activation by serving as an IKK scaffold as well as an isomerase. Our findings have profound implications for designing novel melanoma therapies based on modulation of FKBP51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mako Nakaya
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mikyoung Chang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München 80804, Germany
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Naples 80133, Italy
| | - Xixi Feng
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München 80804, Germany
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Staibano S, Simeone E, D'Arrigo P, Ascierto PA, Scalvenzi M, Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Merolla F, Jovarauskaite E, Romano MF. Immunomodulatory pathways regulate expression of a spliced FKBP51 isoform in lymphocytes of melanoma patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:442-52. [PMID: 25895097 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
FKBP51 (gene FKBP5) is an immunophilin capable of immunosuppression expressed in melanoma and lymphocytes. We found increased levels of a spliced FKBP5 variant in the PBMCs of 124 patients with melanoma. This variant encodes for an unknown isoform (FKBP51s). We hypothesized that FKBP51s resulted from tumour interaction with immune cells, through PDL-1/PD-1. To address this issue, we performed melanoma/PBMC cocultures. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry of 76 melanoma specimens served to investigate whether FKBP51s stained tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Our results showed that PBMCs expressed FKBP51s when cocultured with melanoma. Tumour PDL-1 knockdown or anti-PD-1 reduced FKBP51s expression in cocultured PBMCs. IHC showed a strong FKBP51s signal in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, and lymphocytes of the invasion front of the tumour, along with melanoma PDL-1 expression. When overexpressed in melanoma, FKBP51s facilitated PDL-1 expression on the cell surface. In conclusion, our study shows that FKBP51s marks the PBMCs of patients with melanoma and is exploited by the tumour to immunomodulate through PDL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Melanoma Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Egle Jovarauskaite
- Department of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Interleukin-8 is a key mediator of FKBP51-induced melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1772-81. [PMID: 25942396 PMCID: PMC4647250 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: FKBP51 is overexpressed in melanoma and impacts tumour cell properties. However, its comprehensive role in melanoma pathogenesis and underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Methods: FKBP51 was stably silenced in aggressive melanoma cell lines and its effect examined in vitro and in mouse model. Histological/immunohistochemical analyses were performed to confirm metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT–PCR, immunoblot and/or ELISA. NF-κB transcriptional activity and promoter binding were monitored by luciferase-based promoter-reporter and ChIP assays, respectively. Interleukin (IL)-8 inhibition was achieved by gene silencing or neutralising-antibody treatment. Results: FKBP51 silencing reduced melanoma growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration and led to IL-8 downregulation through NF-κB suppression in cell lines and tumour xenografts. IL-8 inhibition drastically decreased growth, migration and invasiveness of FKPB51-overexpressing cells; whereas its treatment partially restored the suppressed phenotypes of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Interleukin-8 depletion in conditioned medium (CM) of FKBP51-overexpressing melanoma cells inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like structure formation, whereas its treatment promoted these effects in endothelial cells cultured in CM of FKBP51-silenced melanoma cells. Conclusions: FKBP51 promotes melanoma growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and IL-8 plays a key role in these processes. Thus, targeting of FKBP51 or its upstream or downstream regulatory pathways could lead to effective therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Mazaira GI, Camisay MF, De Leo S, Erlejman AG, Galigniana MD. Biological relevance of Hsp90-binding immunophilins in cancer development and treatment. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:797-808. [PMID: 25754838 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunophilins are a family of intracellular receptors for immunosuppressive drugs. Those immunophilins that are related to immunosuppression are the smallest proteins of the family, i.e., FKBP12 and CyPA, whereas the other members of the family have higher molecular weight because the show additional domains to the drug-binding site. Among these extra domains, the TPR-domain is perhaps the most relevant because it permits the interaction of high molecular weight immunophilins with the 90-kDa heat-shock protein, Hsp90. This essential molecular chaperone regulates the biological function of several protein-kinases, oncogenes, protein phosphatases, transcription factors and cofactors . Hsp90-binding immunophilins where first characterized due to their association with steroid receptors. They regulate the cytoplasmic transport and the subcellular localization of these and other Hsp90 client proteins, as well as transcriptional activity, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Hsp90-binding immunophilins are frequently overexpressed in several types of cancers and play a key role in cell survival. In this article we analyze the most important biological actions of the best characterized Hsp90-binding immunophilins in both steroid receptor function and cancer development and discuss the potential use of these immunophilins for therapeutic purposes as potential targets of specific small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Camisay
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia De Leo
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento De Química Biológica, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto De Biología Y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu Y, Chen M, Gong Y, Liu Z, Li A, Kang D, Han F, Liu J, Liu J, Yuan Y. Helicobacter pylori FKBP-type PPIase promotes gastric epithelial cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth through activation of ERK-mediated mitogenic signaling pathway. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv023. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Celardo I, Antonov A, Amelio I, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G. p63 transcriptionally regulates the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1279-89. [PMID: 24658133 PMCID: PMC4012734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p63 is a transcriptional factor belonging to p53 family of genes. Beside the role in cancer, partially shared with p53 and the other member p73, p63 also plays exclusive roles in development and homeostasis of ectodermal/epidermal-related organs. Here we show that p63 transcriptionally controls the expression of the matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). p63 binds a p53-like responsive element in the human promoter of MMP13, thus promoting the activation of its transcription. The catalytic activity of MMP13 is required in high invasion capacity of metastatic cancer cells, however, although p63 and MMP13 expression correlates in cancer patients, their co-expression does not predict cancer patient survival. Our results demonstrate that p63 directly controls MMP13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Celardo
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Romano MF. Pleiotropic roles in cancer biology for multifaceted proteins FKBPs. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2061-8. [PMID: 25592270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FK506 binding proteins (FKBP) are multifunctional proteins highly conserved across the species and abundantly expressed in the cell. In addition to a well-established role in immunosuppression, FKBPs modulate several signal transduction pathways in the cell, due to their isomerase activity and the capability to interact with other proteins, inducing changes in conformation and function of protein partners. Increasing literature data support the concept that FKBPs control cancer related pathways. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The aim of the present article is to review current knowledge on FKBPs roles in regulation of key signaling pathways associated with cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Some family members appear to promote disease while others are protective against tumorigenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FKBPs family proteins are expected to provide new biomarkers and small molecular targets, in the near future, increasing diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in the cancer field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-Directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Erlejman AG, De Leo SA, Mazaira GI, Molinari AM, Camisay MF, Fontana V, Cox MB, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. NF-κB transcriptional activity is modulated by FK506-binding proteins FKBP51 and FKBP52: a role for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26263-26276. [PMID: 25104352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.582882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 binding immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52 modulate steroid receptor trafficking and hormone-dependent biological responses. With the purpose to expand this model to other nuclear factors that are also subject to nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, we analyzed whether these immunophilins modulate NF-κB signaling. It is demonstrated that FKBP51 impairs both the nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB and its transcriptional activity. The inhibitory action of FKBP51 requires neither the peptidylprolyl-isomerase activity of the immunophilin nor its association with Hsp90. The TPR domain of FKBP51 is essential. On the other hand, FKBP52 favors the nuclear retention time of RelA, its association to a DNA consensus binding sequence, and NF-κB transcriptional activity, the latter effect being strongly dependent on the peptidylprolyl-isomerase activity and also on the TPR domain of FKBP52, but its interaction with Hsp90 is not required. In unstimulated cells, FKBP51 forms endogenous complexes with cytoplasmic RelA. Upon cell stimulation with phorbol ester, the NF-κB soluble complex exchanges FKBP51 for FKBP52, and the NF-κB biological effect is triggered. Importantly, FKBP52 is functionally recruited to the promoter region of NF-κB target genes, whereas FKBP51 is released. Competition assays demonstrated that both immunophilins antagonize one another, and binding assays with purified proteins suggest that the association of RelA and immunophilins could be direct. These observations suggest that the biological action of NF-κB in different cell types could be positively regulated by a high FKBP52/FKBP51 expression ratio by favoring NF-κB nuclear retention, recruitment to the promoter regions of target genes, and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra G Erlejman
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Sonia A De Leo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Alejandro M Molinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Camisay
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Vanina Fontana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina
| | - Marc B Cox
- Border Biomedical Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968
| | - Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk
- Laboratorio de Arquitectura Nuclear, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina, and
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Química Biológica de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1428ADN Argentina,; Laboratorio de Receptores Nucleares, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental/CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina.
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Clinical and prognostic significance of preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia in gallbladder cancer patients following surgical resection: a retrospective and in vitro study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:566. [PMID: 25096189 PMCID: PMC4131047 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulation and fibrinolysis activation is frequently observed in cancer patients, and the tumors in these cases are thought to be associated with a higher risk of invasion, metastasis, and worse long-term outcome. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of blood coagulation tests and various clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) after surgical resection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 115 patients with histologically confirmed GBC who underwent surgical resection in our department. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen levels, and platelet counts were measured pretreatment at the time of diagnosis. The predictive value of fibrinogen levels for tumor staging was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Correlations between the preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with overall survival (OS). Cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro were examined to investigate the function of fibrinogen in GBC cell migration. Results The plasma levels for all coagulation tests, with the exception of INR, were significantly different between the GBC patients and control patients (p < 0.001). Hyperfibrinogenemia (>402 mg/dL) was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, advanced tumor invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced tumor stage (p < 0.001), and had a statistically significant adverse effect on survival (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, hyperfibrinogenemia (p = 0.031) was independently associated with worse OS, tumor stage (p = 0.016), margin status (p < 0.001), and lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.035). Moreover, cell migration and invasion in vitro were significantly enhanced by fibrinogen. Conclusions Preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels was associated with tumor progression and may be an independent marker of poor prognosis in GBC patients. Furthermore, fibrinogen may contribute to cell migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Wang H, Wu Q, Liu Z, Luo X, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Hua S, Fu Q, Zhao M, Chen Y, Fang W, Lv X. Downregulation of FAP suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis through PTEN/PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1155. [PMID: 24722280 PMCID: PMC5424105 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is largely recognized that fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of many human carcinomas. Furthermore, FAP was recently also reported to be expressed in carcinoma cells of the breast, stomach, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectum, and uterine cervix. The carcinoma cell expression pattern of FAP has been described in several types of cancers, but the role of FAP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. The role of endogenous FAP in epithelium-derived tumors and molecular mechanisms has also not been reported. In this study, FAP was found to be expressed in carcinoma cells of OSCC and was upregulated in OSCC tissue samples compared with benign tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. In addition, its expression level was closely correlated with overall survival of patients with OSCC. Silencing FAP inhibited the growth and metastasis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, knockdown of FAP inactivated PTEN/PI3K/AKT and Ras-ERK and its downstream signaling regulating proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC cells, as the inhibitory effects of FAP on the proliferation and metastasis could be rescued by PTEN silencing. Our study suggests that FAP acts as an oncogene and may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- 1] Department of Stomatology of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Q Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Z Liu
- 1] Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - X Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Y Fan
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Y Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - S Hua
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Q Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - M Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Y Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - W Fang
- 1] Department of Stomatology of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - X Lv
- 1] Department of Stomatology of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China [2] Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Wang X, He X, Zhao F, Wang J, Zhang H, Shi F, Zhang Y, Cai K, Dou J. Regulation gene expression of miR200c and ZEB1 positively enhances effect of tumor vaccine B16F10/GPI-IL-21 on inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis. J Transl Med 2014; 12:68. [PMID: 24625224 PMCID: PMC3995592 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically modified cells have been shown to be one of the most effective tumor vaccine strategies. However, in many cases, such as in melanoma, induction of a potent immune responses against the disease still remains a major challenge. Thus, novel strategies to reinforce tumor vaccine efficacy are needed. Using microRNA (miR) and Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) have received much attention for potentially regulating tumor progression. To elicit a potent antitumor efficacy against melanoma, we used tumor vaccine in combination with miR200c overexpression or ZEB1 knockdown to assess the efficacy of treatment of murine melanoma. Methods B16F10 cell vaccine expressing interleukin 21 (IL-21) in the glycosylpho- sphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored form (B16F10/GPI-IL-21) were developed. The vaccine was immunized into mice challenged by B16F10 cells or B16F10 cells stably transduced with lentiviral-miR200c (B16F10/miR200c) or transfected with the ZEB1-shRNA recombinant (B16F10/shZEB1) or the B16F10/GPI-IL-21 vaccine. The immune responses, tumorigenicity and lung metastasis in mice were evaluated, respectively. Results The vaccination with B16F10/GPI-IL-21 markedly increased the serum cytokine levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and decreased TGF-β level as well as augmented the cytotoxicity of splenocytes in immunized mice compared with control mice. In addition, the tumor vaccine B16F10/GPI-IL-21 significantly inhibited the tumor growth and reduced counts of lung metastases in mice challenged by B16F10/GPI-IL-21, B16F10/shZEB1 and B16F10/miR200c respectively compared with the control mice challenged by B16F10 cells. The efficacy mechanisms may involve in reinforcing immune responses, increasing expression of miR200c, E-cadherin and SMAD-7 and decreasing expression of TGF-β, ZEB1, Vimentin and N-cadherin in tumor tissues from the immunized mice. Conclusions These results indicate that the tumor vaccine B16F10/GPI-IL-21 in combination with miR200c overexpression or ZEB1 knockdown effectively inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis a murine model. Such a strategy may, therefore, be used for the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dou J, He X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao F, Wang X, Chen D, Shi F, Wang J. Effect of downregulation of ZEB1 on vimentin expression, tumour migration and tumourigenicity of melanoma B16F10 cells and CSCs. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:452-61. [PMID: 24339410 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
- Department of Medical Oncology; Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226361 China
| | - Yurong Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dengyu Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Regulatory role of the 90-kDa-heat-shock protein (Hsp90) and associated factors on gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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FKBP51 increases the tumour-promoter potential of TGF-beta. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:1. [PMID: 24460977 PMCID: PMC3906759 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FKBP51 (FKBP5 Official Symbol) is a large molecular weight component of the family of FK506 binding proteins (FKBP). In recent years, research studies from our laboratory highlighted functions for FKBP51 in the control of apoptosis and melanoma progression. FKBP51 expression correlated with the invasiveness and aggressiveness of melanoma. Since a role for TGF-β in the enhanced tumorigenic potential of melanoma cells is widely described, we hypothesized a cooperative effect between FKBP51 and TGF-β in melanoma progression. Methods SAN and A375 melanoma cell lines were utilized for this study. Balb/c IL2γ NOD SCID served to assess the ability to colonize organs and metastasize of different cell lines, which was evaluated by in vivo imaging. Realtime PCR and western blot served for measurement of mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results By comparing the metastatic potential of two melanoma cell lines, namely A375 and SAN, we confirmed that an increased capability to colonize murine organs was associated with increased levels of FKBP51. A375 melanoma cell line expressed FKBP51 mRNA levels 30-fold higher in comparison to the SAN mRNA level and appeared more aggressive than SAN melanoma cell line in an experimental metastasis model. In addition, A375 expressed, more abundantly than SAN, the TGF-β and the pro angiogenic TGF-β receptor type III (TβRIII) factors. FKBP51 silencing produced a reduction of TGF-β and TβRIII gene expression in A375 cell line, in accordance with previous studies. We found that the inducing effect of TGF-β on Sparc and Vimentin expression was impaired in condition of FKBP51 depletion, suggesting that FKBP51 is an important cofactor in the TGF-β signal. Such a hypothesis was supported by co immunoprecipitation assays, showing that FKBP51 interacted with either Smad2,3 and p300. In normal melanocytes, FKBP51 potentiated the effect of TGF-β on N-cadherin expression and conferred a mesenchymal-like morphology to such round-shaped cells. Conclusions Overall, our findings show that FKBP51 enhances some pro oncogenic functions of TGF-β, suggesting that FKBP51-overexpression may help melanoma to take advantage of the tumor promoting activities of the cytokine.
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