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Fu J, Lin J, Dai Z, Lin B, Zhang J. Hypoxia-associated autophagy flux dysregulation in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216823. [PMID: 38521197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A general feature of cancer is hypoxia, determined as low oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels may cause cells to alter in ways that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Hypoxia leads to variations in cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment might induce immunosuppression. Moreover, hypoxia has the potential to impact cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy refers to the catabolic process by which damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules are broken down. The abnormal activation of autophagy has been extensively recorded in human tumors and it serves as a regulator of cell growth, spread to other parts of the body, and resistance to treatment. There is a correlation between hypoxia and autophagy in human malignancies. Hypoxia can regulate the activity of AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, and ATGs to govern autophagy in human malignancies. Furthermore, HIF-1α, serving as an indicator of low oxygen levels, controls the process of autophagy. Hypoxia-induced autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the growth, spread, and resistance to treatment in human malignancies. Hypoxia-induced regulation of autophagy can impact other mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis. Chemoresistance and radioresistance have become significant challenges in recent years. Hypoxia-mediated autophagy plays a crucial role in determining the response to these therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Baisheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.
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Du S, Qu H, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Yang Q, Fu S, Dong K. MiR-375 promotes cisplatin sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154765. [PMID: 37625279 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the development of cisplatin resistance becomes a major obstacle impeding the curative effect. It remains necessary to uncover the molecular mechanism of cisplatin resistance. METHODS Based on the CCLE database, lung cancer cell lines were divided into cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive groups. The differentially expressed miRNAs were filtered and further identified by survival prognosis analysis. After transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or mimic, cell cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry and western blot were conducted to validate the role of miR-375. The transcription factor (TF)-miRNA network was constructed based on TransmiR. The target genes of miR-375 were predicted by Starbase and further verified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry results in the Human Protein Atlas. Functional enrichment analysis was performed with GO terms and KEGG. RESULTS In this study, miR-375 showed the ability to promote cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis of LUAD. Genes correlated with miR-375 in LUAD were analyzed and ABCC8 showed the strongest positive correlation. Moreover, transcription factors that regulate miR-375 expression were predicted. MBNL1, PTPN3, PRKD1 and RPN1 were identified as the target genes of miR-375. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that miR-375-related genes associated with promoting cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of miR-375 in the cisplatin sensitivity of LUAD. Our present findings may serve as a theoretical basis for new therapeutic strategies and predictive models of cisplatin resistance in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuomeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuopeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kexian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Hypoxia-induced autophagy in triple negative breast cancer: association with prognostic variables, patients' survival and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:823-837. [PMID: 36939902 PMCID: PMC10156790 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular response to diverse stresses within tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia. It enhances cell survival and triggers resistance to therapy. This study investigated the prognostic importance of HIF-1α and miR-210 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Also, we studied the relation between beclin-1 and Bcl-2 and their prognostic relevance in triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the involvement of hypoxia-related markers, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in mediating resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in TNBC was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate HIF-1α, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression whereas, miR-210 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-PCR) in 60 TNBC patients. High HIF-1α expression was related to larger tumors, grade III cases, positive lymphovascular invasion, advanced stage, high Ki-67 and poor overall survival (OS). High miR-210 and negative Bcl-2 expression were related to nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. High beclin-1 was associated with grade III, nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. Also, high beclin-1 and negative Bcl-2 were significantly associated with high HIF-1α and high miR-210. High HIF- 1α, miR-210 and beclin-1 as well as negative Bcl-2 were inversely related to pathologic complete response following NACT. High beclin-1 and lack of Bcl-2 are significantly related to hypoxic TME in TNBC. High HIF-1α, miR-210, and beclin-1 expression together with lack of Bcl-2 are significantly associated with poor prognosis as well as poor response to NACT. HIF-1α and miR-210 could accurately predict response to NACT in TNBC.
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Mohammadhosseinpour S, Weaver A, Sudhakaran M, Ho LC, Le T, Doseff AI, Medina-Bolivar F. Arachidin-1, a Prenylated Stilbenoid from Peanut, Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Paclitaxel in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:399. [PMID: 36672351 PMCID: PMC9856928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest forms of breast cancer. Investigating alternative therapies to increase survival rates for this disease is essential. To this end, the cytotoxic effects of the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1 (A-1) and arachidin-3 (A-3), and non-prenylated resveratrol (RES) were evaluated in human TNBC cell lines as potential adjuvants for paclitaxel (Pac). A-1, alone or in combination with Pac, showed the highest cytotoxicity in TNBC cells. Apoptosis was further evaluated by measuring key apoptosis marker proteins, cell cycle arrest, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of A-1 combined with Pac was also evaluated in a 3D spheroid TNBC model. The results showed that A-1 decreased the Pac IC50 approximately 2-fold in TNBC cells. The synergistic combination of A-1 and Pac arrested cells in G2/M phase and activated p53 expression. In addition, the combined treatment increased intracellular ROS generation and induced apoptosis. Importantly, the combination of A-1 with Pac inhibited TNBC spheroid growth. Our results demonstrated that A-1 in combination with Pac inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis through mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced TNBC spheroid growth. These findings underscore the impactful effects of the prenylated stilbenoid A-1 as a novel adjuvant for Pac chemotherapy in TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexx Weaver
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Linh-Chi Ho
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Tra Le
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
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KIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis and gefitinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by activating the JNK/ MAPK pathway in an m 6A-dependent manner. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100908. [PMID: 36493511 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common subtypes. The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in tumorigenesis and drug resistance in LUAD remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of vir-like m6A methyltransferase-associated protein (KIAA1429) depletion on proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance of LUAD cells, and identified m6A-dependent downstream genes influenced by KIAA1429. We found that KIAA1429 activated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as a novel signaling event, which is responsible for tumorigenesis and resistance to gefitinib in LUAD cells. KIAA1429 and MAP3K2 showed high expression in LUAD patients' tissues. Knockdown of KIAA1429 inhibited MAP3K2 expression in an m6A methylation-dependent manner, restraining the progression of LUAD cells and inhibiting growth of gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells. KIAA1429 positively regulated MAP3K2 expression, activated JNK/ MAPK pathway, and promoted drug resistance in gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells. We reproduced the in vitro results in nude mouse xenografted with KIAA1429 knockdown cells. Our study showed that the mechanism of m6A KIAA1429-mediated gefitinib resistance in LUAD cells occurs by activating JNK/ MAPK signaling pathway. These findings provide potential targets for molecular therapy and clinical treatment in LUAD patients with gefitinib resistance.
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Reimche I, Yu H, Ariantari NP, Liu Z, Merkens K, Rotfuß S, Peter K, Jungwirth U, Bauer N, Kiefer F, Neudörfl JM, Schmalz HG, Proksch P, Teusch N. Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Isolated from Tylophora ovata as Potent Inhibitors of Inflammation, Spheroid Growth, and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810319. [PMID: 36142230 PMCID: PMC9499467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted therapy available, is characterized by an inflammatory and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. To date, a broad spectrum of anti-tumor activities has been reported for phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids (PAs), however, their mode of action in TNBC remains elusive. Thus, we investigated six naturally occurring PAs extracted from the plant Tylophora ovata: O-methyltylophorinidine (1) and its five derivatives tylophorinidine (2), tylophoridicine E (3), 2-demethoxytylophorine (4), tylophoridicine D (5), and anhydrodehydrotylophorinidine (6). In comparison to natural (1) and for more-in depth studies, we also utilized a sample of synthetic O-methyltylophorinidine (1s). Our results indicate a remarkably effective blockade of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) within 2 h for compounds (1) and (1s) (IC50 = 17.1 ± 2.0 nM and 3.3 ± 0.2 nM) that is different from its effect on cell viability within 24 h (IC50 = 13.6 ± 0.4 nM and 4.2 ± 1 nM). Furthermore, NFκB inhibition data for the additional five analogues indicate a structure–activity relationship (SAR). Mechanistically, NFκB is significantly blocked through the stabilization of its inhibitor protein kappa B alpha (IκBα) under normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions. To better mimic the TNBC microenvironment in vitro, we established a 3D co-culture by combining the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 with primary murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and type I collagen. Compound (1) demonstrates superiority against the therapeutic gold standard paclitaxel by diminishing spheroid growth by 40% at 100 nM. The anti-proliferative effect of (1s) is distinct from paclitaxel in that it arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 state, thereby mediating a time-dependent delay in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, (1s) inhibited invasion of TNBC monoculture spheroids into a matrigel®-based environment at 10 nM. In conclusion, PAs serve as promising agents with presumably multiple target sites to combat inflammatory and hypoxia-driven cancer, such as TNBC, with a different mode of action than the currently applied chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reimche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haiqian Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ni Putu Ariantari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kay Merkens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stella Rotfuß
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Karin Peter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nadine Bauer
- European Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Education, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-81-14163
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De Francesco EM, Cirillo F, Vella V, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M, Lappano R. Triple-negative breast cancer drug resistance, durable efficacy, and cure: How advanced biological insights and emerging drug modalities could transform progress. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:513-535. [PMID: 35761781 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2094762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and often associated with poor survival outcomes. The backbone of current treatments for TNBC relies on chemotherapy; however, resistance to cytotoxic agents is a commonly encountered hurdle to overcome. AREAS COVERED : Current understanding on the mechanisms involved in TNBC chemoresistance is evaluated and novel potential actionable targets and recently explored modalities for carrying and delivering chemotherapeutics are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION : A comprehensive identification of both genomic and functional TNBC signatures is required for a more definite categorization of the patients in order to prevent insensitivity to chemotherapy and therefore realize the full potential of precision-medicine approaches. In this scenario, cell-line-derived xenografts (CDX), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) are indispensable experimental models for evaluating the efficacy of drug candidates and predicting the therapeutic response. The combination of increasingly sensitive "omics" technologies, computational algorithms and innovative drug modalities may accelerate the successful translation of novel candidate TNBC targets from basic research to clinical settings, thus contributing to reach optimal clinical output, with lower side effects and reduced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Bassett JJ, Robitaille M, Peters AA, Bong AHL, Taing MW, Wood IA, Sadras F, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. ORAI1 regulates sustained cytosolic free calcium fluctuations during breast cancer cell apoptosis and apoptotic resistance via a STIM1 independent pathway. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22108. [PMID: 34939697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive rapid increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ have a clear association with the induction of cancer cell death. Whereas, characterizing the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the progression of the apoptotic cascade over a period of hours or days, has not yet been possible. Now using genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators complemented with automated epifluorescence microscopy we have shown that staurosporine-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was associated with delayed development of cytosolic free Ca2+ fluctuations, which were then maintained for 24 h. These cytosolic free Ca2+ fluctuations were dependent on the Ca2+ channel ORAI1. Silencing of ORAI1, but not its canonical activators STIM1 and STIM2, promoted apoptosis in this model. The pathway for this regulation implicates a mechanism previously associated with the migration of cancer cells involving ORAI1, the chaperone protein SigmaR1, and Ca2+ -activated K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Bassett
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mélanie Robitaille
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia A Peters
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice H L Bong
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meng-Wong Taing
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian A Wood
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francisco Sadras
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Godet I, Mamo M, Thurnheer A, Rosen DM, Gilkes DM. Post-Hypoxic Cells Promote Metastatic Recurrence after Chemotherapy Treatment in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215509. [PMID: 34771673 PMCID: PMC8583122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intratumoral hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer progression and recurrence. By implementing a hypoxia fate-mapping system, we followed cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia in vivo and determined that these cells have an increased ability to metastasize compared to cells that were never exposed to hypoxia. In this work, we investigate whether cells that experienced intratumoral hypoxia are also resistant to chemotherapy. By utilizing both in vivo and ex vivo models, we conclude that metastatic cells found in the lung and liver, that were exposed to hypoxia in the primary tumor, are less sensitive to doxorubicin and paclitaxel and drive recurrence after treatment. Our studies also suggest that chemoresistance is associated with a cancer stem cell-like phenotype that is maintained in post-hypoxic cells. Abstract Hypoxia occurs in 90% of solid tumors and is associated with treatment failure, relapse, and mortality. HIF-1α signaling promotes resistance to chemotherapy in cancer cell lines and murine models via multiple mechanisms including the enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). In this work, we utilize a hypoxia fate-mapping system to determine whether triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that experience hypoxia in the primary tumor are resistant to chemotherapy at sites of metastasis. Using two orthotopic mouse models of TNBC, we demonstrate that cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia and metastasize to the lung and liver have decreased sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel but not cisplatin or 5-FU. Resistance to therapy leads to metastatic recurrence caused by post-hypoxic cells. We further determined that the post-hypoxic cells that metastasize are enriched in pathways related to cancer stem cell gene expression. Overall, our results show that even when hypoxic cancer cells are reoxygenated in the bloodstream they retain a hypoxia-induced cancer stem cell-like phenotype that persists and promotes resistance and eventually recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mahelet Mamo
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Andrea Thurnheer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - D. Marc Rosen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xie Q, Chen Y, Tan H, Liu B, Zheng LL, Mu Y. Targeting Autophagy with Natural Compounds in Cancer: A Renewed Perspective from Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748149. [PMID: 34512368 PMCID: PMC8427500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are well-characterized to have pharmacological or biological activities that can be of therapeutic benefits for cancer therapy, which also provide an important source of inspiration for discovery of potential novel small-molecule drugs. In the past three decades, accumulating evidence has revealed that natural products can modulate a series of key autophagic signaling pathways and display therapeutic effects in different types of human cancers. In this review, we focus on summarizing some representative natural active compounds, mainly including curcumin, resveratrol, paclitaxel, Bufalin, and Ursolic acid that may ultimately trigger cancer cell death through the regulation of some key autophagic signaling pathways, such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, AMPK, ULK1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and p53. Taken together, these inspiring findings would shed light on exploiting more natural compounds as candidate small-molecule drugs, by targeting the crucial pathways of autophagy for the future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Huidan Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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11
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Dan VM, Raveendran RS, Baby S. Resistance to Intervention: Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1237-1268. [PMID: 33319669 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201214234421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer in women globally, and contributes to the highest percentage of mortality due to cancer-related deaths in women. Paclitaxel (PTX) is heavily relied on as a frontline chemotherapy drug in breast cancer treatment, especially in advanced metastatic cancer. Generation of resistance to PTX often derails clinical management and adversely affects patient outcomes. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PTX resistance is necessary to device methods to aid in overcoming the resistance. Recent studies exploring the mechanism of development of PTX resistance have led to unveiling of a range novel therapeutic targets. PTX resistance pathways that involve major regulatory proteins/RNAs like RNF8/Twist/ROR1, TLR, ErbB3/ErbB2, BRCA1- IRIS, MENA, LIN9, MiRNA, FoxM1 and IRAK1 have expanded the complexity of resistance mechanisms, and brought newer insights into the development of drug targets. These resistance-related targets can be dealt with synthetic/natural therapeutics in combination with PTX. The present review encompasses the recent understanding of PTX resistance mechanisms in breast cancer and possible therapeutic combinations to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Mohan Dan
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reji Saradha Raveendran
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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12
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Wu Q, Siddharth S, Sharma D. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Mountain Yet to Be Scaled Despite the Triumphs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3697. [PMID: 34359598 PMCID: PMC8345029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression and tumor recurrence pertaining to TNBC are certainly the leading cause of breast cancer-related mortality; however, the mechanisms underlying TNBC chemoresistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse remain somewhat ambiguous. TNBCs show 77% of the overall 4-year survival rate compared to other breast cancer subtypes (82.7 to 92.5%). TNBC is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with chemotherapy being the major approved treatment strategy. Activation of ABC transporters and DNA damage response genes alongside an enrichment of cancer stem cells and metabolic reprogramming upon chemotherapy contribute to the selection of chemoresistant cells, majorly responsible for the failure of anti-chemotherapeutic regime. These selected chemoresistant cells further lead to distant metastasis and tumor relapse. The present review discusses the approved standard of care and targetable molecular mechanisms in chemoresistance and provides a comprehensive update regarding the recent advances in TNBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
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13
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Principe DR, Underwood PW, Korc M, Trevino JG, Munshi HG, Rana A. The Current Treatment Paradigm for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Barriers to Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688377. [PMID: 34336673 PMCID: PMC8319847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with a median survival time of 10-12 months. Clinically, these poor outcomes are attributed to several factors, including late stage at the time of diagnosis impeding resectability, as well as multi-drug resistance. Despite the high prevalence of drug-resistant phenotypes, nearly all patients are offered chemotherapy leading to modest improvements in postoperative survival. However, chemotherapy is all too often associated with toxicity, and many patients elect for palliative care. In cases of inoperable disease, cytotoxic therapies are less efficacious but still carry the same risk of serious adverse effects, and clinical outcomes remain particularly poor. Here we discuss the current state of pancreatic cancer therapy, both surgical and medical, and emerging factors limiting the efficacy of both. Combined, this review highlights an unmet clinical need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the poor therapeutic responses seen in patients with PDAC, in hopes of increasing drug efficacy, extending patient survival, and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Zarebkohan A, Shams Z, Radnia F, Bahmanpour Z, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shirvalilou S, Shahraki O, Shahraki S, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R. An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:119-143. [PMID: 33990406 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most commonly recognized as a catabolic pathway, autophagy is a perplexing mechanism through which a living cell can free itself of excess cytoplasmic components, i.e., organelles, by means of certain membranous vesicles or lysosomes filled with degrading enzymes. Upon exposure to external insult or internal stimuli, the cell might opt to activate such a pathway, through which it can gain control over the maintenance of intracellular components and thus sustain homeostasis by intercepting the formation of unnecessary structures or eliminating the already present dysfunctional or inutile organelles. Despite such appropriateness, autophagy might also be considered a frailty for the cell, as it has been said to have a rather complicated role in tumorigenesis. A merit in the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. In fact, several investigations on tumorigenesis have reported diminished levels of autophagic activity in tumor cells, which might result in transition to malignancy. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a seemingly favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies, as it contributes to survival of such cells. Based on the recent literature, this mechanism might also be activated upon the entry of engineered nanomaterials inside a cell, supposedly protecting the host from foreign materials. Accordingly, there is a good chance that therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy in malignant cells using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain treatment modalities, e.g., radiotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the signaling pathways involved in autophagy and the significance of the mechanism itself in apoptosis and tumorigenesis while shedding light on possible alterations in autophagy through engineered nanomaterials and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Autophagy has been said to have a complicated role in tumorigenesis. In the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies. This mechanism might be affected upon the entry of nanomaterials inside a cell. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zinat Shams
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
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15
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Malakpour-Permlid A, Oredsson S. A novel 3D polycaprolactone high-throughput system for evaluation of toxicity in normoxia and hypoxia. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:627-635. [PMID: 33854950 PMCID: PMC8024882 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) culturing of cancer cells has been indispensable for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Drug development, however, is lengthy and costly with a high attrition rate, calling to mind that 2D culturing does not mimic the three-dimensional (3D) tumour microenvironment in vivo. Thus, began the development of 3D culture models for cancer research. We have constructed a 3D 96-well plate using electrospun fibres made of biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL). Finely-cut PCL fibre pieces in water/ethanol solution was pipetted to the wells of hydrophobic 96-well plates. A fibrous network of approximately 200 μm thickness and high porosity was formed after crosslinking and drying. Human JIMT-1 breast cancer cells or fibroblasts were seeded into the network. Confocal microscopy shows that the cells grow throughout the fibre network. The toxicity of paclitaxel and an experimental salinomycin analogue was assessed and compared in 2D and 3D cultures incubated under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia often found in tumours. The toxicity of both compounds is lower when the cells are cultured in 3D compared to 2D in either normoxia or hypoxia. We conclude that our 96-well assay is a cost-efficient tool that may be used for high-throughput pre-clinical screening of potential anti-cancer compounds.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- 3D high-throughput screening
- 3D, three-dimensional
- Breast cancer cells
- CSCs, cancer stem cells
- DHHS, donor herd horse serum
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HDFs, human dermal fibroblasts
- HTS, high-throughput
- Hypoxia
- Multi-well plates
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- Paclitaxel
- Polycaprolactone fibre network
- SAEC, salinomycin analogue 20-ethyl carbonate-Na
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Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy Enhances Cisplatin Resistance in Human Bladder Cancer Cells by Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8887437. [PMID: 33681390 PMCID: PMC7904373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8887437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of hypoxia on chemoresistance and the underlying mechanism in bladder cancer cells. Methods BIU-87 bladder cancer cell line was treated with cisplatin under hypoxic and normoxic conditions and tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. All the data were expressed as mean ± standard error from three independent experiments and analyzed by multiple t-tests. Results Apoptosis of bladder cancer cells caused by cisplatin was attenuated in hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia enhanced autophagy caused by cisplatin. The autophagy inhibitor and HIF-1α inhibitor can reverse the chemoresistance in hypoxic condition. Apoptosis and autophagy of bladder cancer cells were downregulated by HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1. Hypoxia-induced autophagy enhanced chemoresistance to cisplatin via the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Resistance to cisplatin in BIU-87 bladder cancer cells under hypoxic conditions can be explained by activation of autophagy, which is regulated by HIF-1α-associated signaling pathways. The hypoxia–autophagy pathway may be a target for improving the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in bladder cancer.
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17
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The Oxygen-Generating Calcium Peroxide-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles Attenuate Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040606. [PMID: 33546453 PMCID: PMC7913619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer response to chemotherapy is regulated not only by intrinsic sensitivity of cancer cells but also by tumor microenvironment. Tumor hypoxia, a condition of low oxygen level in solid tumors, is known to increase the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Due to lack of target in TNBC, chemotherapy is the only approved systemic treatment. We evaluated the effect of hypoxia on chemotherapy resistance in TNBC in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we synthesized the calcium peroxide-modified magnetic nanoparticles (CaO2-MNPs) with the function of oxygen generation to improve and enhance the therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin treatment in the hypoxia microenvironment of TNBC. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software showed that the hypoxia and autophagy gene sets are significantly enriched in TNBC patients. We found that the chemical hypoxia stabilized the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein and increased doxorubicin resistance in TNBC cells. Moreover, hypoxia inhibited the induction of apoptosis and autophagy by doxorubicin. In addition, CaO2-MNPs promoted ubiquitination and protein degradation of HIF-1α. Furthermore, CaO2-MNPs inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in TNBC cells. Our animal studies with an orthotopic mouse model showed that CaO2-MNPs in combination with doxorubicin exhibited a stronger tumor-suppressive effect on TNBC, compared to the doxorubicin treatment alone. Our findings suggest that combined with CaO2-MNPs and doxorubicin attenuates HIF-1α expression to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy in TNBC.
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High expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α related with acquired resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1199. [PMID: 33441708 PMCID: PMC7806909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquired resistance of the first generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is a main factor leading to poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), so we researched whether the high expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in EGFR-TKIs sensitive NSCLC tissue tends to induce the acquired resistance. We detected the HIF-1α in normal lung tissue, EGFR-TKIs sensitive NSCLC tissue, the first generation EGFR-TKIs acquired resistant NSCLC tissue and acquired EGFR T790M mutation NSCLC tissue with the method of immunohistochemistry. Then, we compared the expression of HIF-1α in these tissues, and evaluate the effect of HIF-1α expression to the occurrence of acquired resistance. The expression of HIF-1α was much higher in the EGFR-TKIs sensitive NSCLC tissue than that in normal lung tissue. HIF-1α level became higher after the occurrence acquired resistance. There was negative correlation between HIF-1α level before receiving treatment and the time of acquired resistance occurring as well as the acquired EGFR T790M mutation occurring. As the treatment going on, EGFR-TKIs sensitivity rate of low HIF-1α level group was much higher than that of high level group. The high expression of HIF-1α related with the acquired resistance of the first generation EGFR-TKIs, and HIF-1α can be a biomarker to predict the early occurrence of acquired resistance.
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Maloney SM, Hoover CA, Morejon-Lasso LV, Prosperi JR. Mechanisms of Taxane Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3323. [PMID: 33182737 PMCID: PMC7697134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxane family of chemotherapy drugs has been used to treat a variety of mostly epithelial-derived tumors and remain the first-line treatment for some cancers. Despite the improved survival time and reduction of tumor size observed in some patients, many have no response to the drugs or develop resistance over time. Taxane resistance is multi-faceted and involves multiple pathways in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and the transport of foreign substances. In this review, we dive deeper into hypothesized resistance mechanisms from research during the last decade, with a focus on the cancer types that use taxanes as first-line treatment but frequently develop resistance to them. Furthermore, we will discuss current clinical inhibitors and those yet to be approved that target key pathways or proteins and aim to reverse resistance in combination with taxanes or individually. Lastly, we will highlight taxane response biomarkers, specific genes with monitored expression and correlated with response to taxanes, mentioning those currently being used and those that should be adopted. The future directions of taxanes involve more personalized approaches to treatment by tailoring drug-inhibitor combinations or alternatives depending on levels of resistance biomarkers. We hope that this review will identify gaps in knowledge surrounding taxane resistance that future research or clinical trials can overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Maloney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Camden A. Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Lorena V. Morejon-Lasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
| | - Jenifer R. Prosperi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (C.A.H.); (L.V.M.-L.)
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Shnaider PV, Ivanova OM, Malyants IK, Anufrieva KS, Semenov IA, Pavlyukov MS, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM, Shender VO. New Insights into Therapy-Induced Progression of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7872. [PMID: 33114182 PMCID: PMC7660620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a complex heterogeneous set of cells functioning in a no less heterogeneous microenvironment. Like any dynamic system, cancerous tumors evolve and undergo changes in response to external influences, including therapy. Initially, most tumors are susceptible to treatment. However, remaining cancer cells may rapidly reestablish the tumor after a temporary remission. These new populations of malignant cells usually have increased resistance not only to the first-line agent, but also to the second- and third-line drugs, leading to a significant decrease in patient survival. Multiple studies describe the mechanism of acquired therapy resistance. In past decades, it became clear that, in addition to the simple selection of pre-existing resistant clones, therapy induces a highly complicated and tightly regulated molecular response that allows tumors to adapt to current and even subsequent therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes mechanisms of acquired resistance, such as secondary genetic alterations, impaired function of drug transporters, and autophagy. Moreover, we describe less obvious molecular aspects of therapy resistance in cancers, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle alterations, and the role of intercellular communication. Understanding these molecular mechanisms will be beneficial in finding novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V. Shnaider
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (P.V.S.); (O.M.I.); (K.S.A.); (M.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga M. Ivanova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (P.V.S.); (O.M.I.); (K.S.A.); (M.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Irina K. Malyants
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
- Faculty of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Drugs, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Ksenia S. Anufrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (P.V.S.); (O.M.I.); (K.S.A.); (M.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Semenov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Marat S. Pavlyukov
- Laboratory of Membrane Bioenergetics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Maria A. Lagarkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (P.V.S.); (O.M.I.); (K.S.A.); (M.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Laboratory of Simple Systems, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia;
| | - Victoria O. Shender
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (P.V.S.); (O.M.I.); (K.S.A.); (M.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia; (I.K.M.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
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21
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Characterization of a novel model of global forebrain ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice and comparison with focal ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18170. [PMID: 33097782 PMCID: PMC7585423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is caused by obstructed blood flow (ischaemia) or unrestricted bleeding in the brain (haemorrhage). Global brain ischaemia occurs after restricted cerebral blood flow e.g. during cardiac arrest. Following ischaemic injury, restoration of blood flow causes ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury which worsens outcome. Secondary injury mechanisms after any stroke are similar, and encompass inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and apoptosis. We developed a new model of transient global forebrain I/R injury (dual carotid artery ligation; DCAL) and compared the manifestations of this injury with those in a conventional I/R injury model (middle-cerebral artery occlusion; MCAo) and with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH; collagenase model). MRI revealed that DCAL produced smaller bilateral lesions predominantly localised to the striatum, whereas MCAo produced larger focal corticostriatal lesions. After global forebrain ischaemia mice had worse overall neurological scores, although quantitative locomotor assessment showed MCAo and ICH had significantly worsened mobility. BBB breakdown was highest in the DCAL model while apoptotic activity was highest after ICH. VCAM-1 upregulation was specific to ischaemic models only. Differential transcriptional upregulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and TLRs was seen in the three models. Our findings offer a unique insight into the similarities and differences in how biological processes are regulated after different types of stroke. They also establish a platform for analysis of therapies such as endothelial protective and anti-inflammatory agents that can be applied to all types of stroke.
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Alvarez-Meythaler JG, Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Kondoh H, LLeonart ME. Autophagy Takes Center Stage as a Possible Cancer Hallmark. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586069. [PMID: 33194736 PMCID: PMC7643020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite significant advances in cancer research and improvements in anticancer therapies. One of the major obstacles to curing cancer is the difficulty of achieving the complete annihilation of resistant cancer cells. The resistance of cancer cells may not only be due to intrinsic factors or factors acquired during the evolution of the tumor but may also be caused by chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Conversely, autophagy is a conserved cellular process in which intracellular components, such as damaged organelles, aggregated or misfolded proteins and macromolecules, are degraded or recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis. Importantly, autophagy is an essential mechanism that plays a key role in tumor initiation and progression. Depending on the cellular context and microenvironmental conditions, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword, playing a role in inducing apoptosis or promoting cell survival. In this review, we propose several scenarios in which autophagy could contribute to cell survival or cell death. Moreover, a special focus on novel promising targets and therapeutic strategies based on autophagic resistant cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Alvarez-Meythaler
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Ozfiliz Kilbas P, Sonmez O, Uysal-Onganer P, Coker Gurkan A, Obakan Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED. Specific c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor, JNK-IN-8 Suppresses Mesenchymal Profile of PTX-Resistant MCF-7 Cells through Modulating PI3K/Akt, MAPK and Wnt Signaling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E320. [PMID: 33019717 PMCID: PMC7599514 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer, and resistance to PTX is a common failure of breast cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the effective molecular targets in PTX-resistance gains importance in identifying novel strategies in successful breast cancer therapy approaches. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional role of PTX resistance on MCF-7 cell survival and proliferation related to PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. The generated PTX-resistant (PTX-res) MCF-7 cells showed enhanced cell survival, proliferation, and colony formation potential with decreased cell death compared to wt MCF-7 cells. PTX-res MCF-7 cells exhibited increased motility profile with EMT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathway induction. According to the significant SAPK/JNK activation in PTX-res MCF-7 cells, specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, JNK-IN-8 is shown to suppress the migration potential of cells. Treatment of JNK inhibitor suppressed the p38 and SAPK/JNK and Vimentin expression. However, the JNK inhibitor further downregulated Wnt signaling members in PTX-res MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the JNK inhibitor JNK-IN-8 might be used as a potential therapy model to reverse PTX-resistance related to Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ozfiliz Kilbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, 34158 Istanbul, Turkey; (P.O.K.); (O.S.); (A.C.G.); (P.O.Y.)
| | - Ozlem Sonmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, 34158 Istanbul, Turkey; (P.O.K.); (O.S.); (A.C.G.); (P.O.Y.)
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Ajda Coker Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, 34158 Istanbul, Turkey; (P.O.K.); (O.S.); (A.C.G.); (P.O.Y.)
| | - Pinar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Kultur University, 34158 Istanbul, Turkey; (P.O.K.); (O.S.); (A.C.G.); (P.O.Y.)
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
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24
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Agarwal S, Maekawa T. Nano delivery of natural substances as prospective autophagy modulators in glioblastoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102270. [PMID: 32702467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most destructive type of malignant brain tumor in humans due to cancer relapse. Latest studies have indicated that cancer cells are more reliant on autophagy for survival than non-cancer cells. Autophagy is entitled as programmed cell death type II and studies imply that it is a comeback of cancer cells to innumerable anti-cancer therapies. To diminish the adverse consequences of chemotherapeutics, numerous herbs of natural origin have been retained in cancer treatments. Additionally, autophagy induction occurs via their tumor suppressive actions that could cause cell senescence and increase apoptosis-independent cell death. However, most of the drugs have poor solubility and thus nano drug delivery systems possess excessive potential to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of encapsulated drugs. There is a pronounced need for more therapies for glioblastoma treatment and hereby, the fundamental mechanisms of natural autophagy modulators in glioblastoma are prudently reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Agarwal
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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25
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Braicu C, Zanoaga O, Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A, Nabavi SM, Berindan-Neagoe I. Natural compounds modulate the crosstalk between apoptosis- and autophagy-regulated signaling pathways: Controlling the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:218-236. [PMID: 32502598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high number of annual cancer-related deaths, and the economic burden that this malignancy affects today's society, the study of compounds isolated from natural sources should be encouraged. Most cancers are the result of a combined effect of lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic and hereditary components. Recent literature reveals an increase in the interest for the study of phytochemicals from traditional medicine, this being a valuable resource for modern medicine to identify novel bioactive agents with potential medicinal applications. Phytochemicals are components of traditional medicine that are showing promising application in modern medicine due to their antitumor activities. Recent studies regarding two major mechanisms underlying cancer development and regulation, apoptosis and autophagy, have shown that the signaling pathways of both these processes are significantly interconnected through various mechanisms of crosstalk. Phytochemicals are able to activate pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanisms. Understanding the molecular mechanism involved in apoptosis-autophagy relationship modulated by phytochemicals plays a key role in development of a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to outline the bioactive properties of the natural phytochemicals with validated antitumor activity, focusing particularly on their role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy crosstalk that triggers the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Furthermore, we have also critically discussed the limitations and challenges of existing research strategies and the prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 42 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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26
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Xiong Q, Liu B, Ding M, Zhou J, Yang C, Chen Y. Hypoxia and cancer related pathology. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:1-7. [PMID: 32439418 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic environments occur normally at high altitude, or in underground burrows and in deep sea habitats. They also occur pathologically in human ischemia and in hypoxic solid tumors. Hypoxia in various cancer types and its related molecular mechanisms are associated with a poor clinical outcome. This review will discuss how hypoxia can influence two aspects of tumorigenesis, namely the direct, cell-intrinsic oncogenic effects, as well as the indirect effects on tumor progression mediated by an altered tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss recent progress in identifying the functional roles of hypoxia-related factors (HIFs), along with their regulators and downstream target genes, in cancer stem cells and therapy. Importantly, we propose, using convergent evolution schemes to identify novel biomarkers for both hypoxia adaptation and hypoxic solid tumors as an important strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Baiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingxia Ding
- Deparment of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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Targeting MAPK Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031102. [PMID: 32046099 PMCID: PMC7037308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in modulating drug sensitivity and resistance in cancer. We briefly discuss new findings in the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, but mainly focus on the mechanisms how stress activated MAPK pathways, such as p38 MAPK and the Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies. In this context, we also discuss the role of metabolic and epigenetic aberrations and new therapeutic opportunities arising from these changes.
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28
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Linder B, Kögel D. Autophagy in Cancer Cell Death. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040082. [PMID: 31671879 PMCID: PMC6956186 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has important functions in maintaining energy metabolism under conditions of starvation and to alleviate stress by removal of damaged and potentially harmful cellular components. Therefore, autophagy represents a pro-survival stress response in the majority of cases. However, the role of autophagy in cell survival and cell death decisions is highly dependent on its extent, duration, and on the respective cellular context. An alternative pro-death function of autophagy has been consistently observed in different settings, in particular, in developmental cell death of lower organisms and in drug-induced cancer cell death. This cell death is referred to as autophagic cell death (ACD) or autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD), a type of cellular demise that may act as a backup cell death program in apoptosis-deficient tumors. This pro-death function of autophagy may be exerted either via non-selective bulk autophagy or excessive (lethal) removal of mitochondria via selective mitophagy, opening new avenues for the therapeutic exploitation of autophagy/mitophagy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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29
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Zhong WQ, Li ZZ, Jiang H, Zou YP, Wang HT, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Zhao JH. Elevated ATF4 Expression in Odontogenic Keratocysts Epithelia: Potential Involvement in Tissue Hypoxia and Stromal M2 Macrophage Infiltration. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:801-812. [PMID: 31424999 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419871550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), its association with hypoxia and M2-polarized macrophages infiltration, and its potential relationships with angiogenesis in OKC. The expression of ATF4, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) in OKC samples and normal oral mucosa (OM) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, microvessel density (MVD) was measured using antibody against CD31. M2-polarized macrophages were identified using double-staining for CD68+ and CD163+. The correlations of ATF4 with HIF-1α, M-CSF, and M2-polarized macrophages infiltration were determined by Spearman's rank correlation test and hierarchical clustering. Human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) were used in in vitro experiments. Our data showed that the expression of HIF-1α, ATF4, and M-CSF was significantly upregulated in the epithelium of OKC when compared with the OM. The expression of ATF4 was positively correlated with that of HIF-1α, M-CSF, MVD, and M2-polarized macrophages infiltration. Elevated expression of ATF4 in the epithelial lining of OKC may facilitate the M2 macrophages infiltration in response to hypoxia, leading to the development of OKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Jia J, Zhang HB, Shi Q, Yang C, Ma JB, Jin B, Wang X, He D, Guo P. KLF5 downregulation desensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to docetaxel by increasing BECN1 expression and inducing cell autophagy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5464-5477. [PMID: 31534497 PMCID: PMC6735397 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF5 is frequently deleted or downregulated in prostate cancer. However, it is not known whether downregulation of KLF5 is associated with the response of prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy and/or prognosis of patients. Methods: We monitored cell growth by MTT and colony formation assays, and cell autophagy through tandem fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We determined the binding of KLF5 together with HDAC3 on the beclin-1 (BECN1) promoter by the ChIP assay, oligonucleotides pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation. The effect of docetaxel on cell growth in vivo was examined in a CWR22RV1 xenograft tumor mouse model. Results: In the present study, we found that KLF5 down-regulation was associated with progression of prostate cancer and poor prognosis of patients. KLF5 knockdown reduced the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel in vitro and in vivo, and docetaxel treatment decreased the expression of KLF5. Moreover, we confirmed that docetaxel treatment inhibited cell death by inducing autophagy in prostate cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that KLF5 could be a regulator of cell autophagy. Interestingly, KLF5 could inhibit prostate cancer cell autophagy by suppressing the transcription of BECN1 cooperatively with HDAC3. Another significant finding was that docetaxel treatment repressed KLF5 expression through AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway resulting in increased BECN1, induction of cell autophagy, and promotion of cell survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results indicated that downregulation of KLF5 promoted cell autophagy in prostate cancer. Furthermore, reduced KLF5 also facilitated cell autophagy induced by docetaxel resulting in desensitization to the drug and cell survival. Decreased levels of KLF5 led to increased BECN1 via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Thus, repression of BECN1 and cell autophagy was critical for KLF5 to increase the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel.
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Abstract
Resistance to therapy is one of the prime causes for treatment failure in cancer and recurrent disease. In recent years, autophagy has emerged as an important cell survival mechanism in response to different stress conditions that are associated with cancer treatment and aging. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process through which damaged cellular contents are degraded after uptake into autophagosomes that subsequently fuse with lysosomes for cargo degradation, thereby alleviating stress. In addition, autophagy serves to maintain cellular homeostasis by enriching nutrient pools. Although autophagy can act as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and cell death, increasing evidence suggest that in the context of cancer therapy-induced stress responses, it predominantly functions as a cell survival mechanism. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview on our current knowledge of the role of pro-survival autophagy in cancer therapy at the preclinical and clinical stages and delineate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy regulation in response to therapy-related stress conditions. A better understanding of the interplay of cancer therapy and autophagy may allow to unveil new targets and avenues for an improved treatment of therapy-resistant tumors in the foreseeable future.
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Marx S, Van Gysel M, Breuer A, Dal Maso T, Michiels C, Wouters J, Le Calvé B. Potentialization of anticancer agents by identification of new chemosensitizers active under hypoxia. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:224-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ma X, Zou L, Li X, Chen Z, Lin Z, Wu X. Inhibition of Autophagy Improves the Efficacy of Abiraterone for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:181-188. [PMID: 30855185 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zou
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexiao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Deng S, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Yap CT, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1228-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth West Australia Australia
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
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Song T, Wang P, Yu X, Wang A, Chai G, Fan Y, Zhang Z. Systems analysis of phosphorylation-regulated Bcl-2 interactions establishes a model to reconcile the controversy over the significance of Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:491-504. [PMID: 30500985 PMCID: PMC6329625 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The biological significance of the multi-site phosphorylation of Bcl-2 at its loop region (T69, S70 and S87) has remained controversial for decades. This is a major obstacle for understanding apoptosis and anti-tumour drug development. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a mathematical model into which a phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation process of Bcl-2 was integrated. Paclitaxel-treated breast cancer cells were used as experimental models. Changes in the kinetics of binding with its critical partners, induced by phosphorylation of Bcl-2 were experimentally obtained by surface plasmon resonance, using a phosphorylation-mimicking mutant EEE-Bcl-2 (T69E, S70E and S87E). KEY RESULTS Mathematical simulations combined with experimental validation showed that phosphorylation regulates Bcl-2 with different dynamics depending on the extent of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and the phosphorylated Bcl-2-induced changes in binding kinetics. In response to Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only protein Bmf stress, Bcl-2 phosphorylation switched from diminishing to enhancing the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic ability with increased phosphorylation of Bcl-2, and the turning point was 50% Bcl-2 phosphorylation induced by 0.2 μM paclitaxel treatment. In contrast, Bcl-2 phosphorylation enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of Bcl-2 towards other BH3-only proteins Bim, Bad and Puma, throughout the entire phosphorylation procedure. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The model could accurately predict the effects of anti-tumour drugs that involve the Bcl-2 family pathway, as shown with ABT-199 or etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Peiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Anhui Wang
- School of Innovation ExperimentDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Gaobo Chai
- School of Life Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Yudan Fan
- School of Life Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of ChemistryDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina
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36
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Wang Z, Liu G, Jiang J. Profiling of apoptosis- and autophagy-associated molecules in human lung cancer A549 cells in response to cisplatin treatment using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1071-1085. [PMID: 30664195 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis‑diammine‑dichloro‑platinum II‑based adjuvant chemotherapy provides an alternative therapy to improve the survival of patients with lung tumors, especially those with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance is a large clinical problem and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, NSCLC A549 cells were treated with a low concentration of cisplatin in order to observe and determine the development of chemoresistance, via growth curves, colony forming assays and apoptosis assays. Then the induction of autophagy was examined in the cisplatin‑treated A549 cells with a fluorescence reporter. Profiled proteins in the cisplatin‑treated A549 cells were also assessed using the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) method, and then the differentially expressed molecules were verified. The results demonstrated that A549 cells became less sensitive to cisplatin [resistant A549 cells (A549R)] following 20 passages in the medium containing a low concentration of cisplatin, with less apoptotic cells post‑cisplatin treatment. A549R cells grew more efficiently in the cisplatin medium, with more colony formation and more cells migrating across the baseline. In addition, NSCLC results demonstrated that more autophagy‑related proteins (ATGs) were expressed in the A549R cells. Furthermore, the western blotting results confirmed this upregulation of ATGs in A549R cells. In addition, two repeated SILAC screening experiments recognized 15 proteins [glucose‑regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78), heat shock protein 71, pre‑mRNA processing factor 19, polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1, translationally controlled tumor protein, Cathepsin D, Cytochrome c, thioredoxin domain containing 5, MutS homolog (MSH) 6, Annexin A2 (ANXA2), BRCA2 and Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A interacting protein, MSH2, protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit Bα, Rho glyceraldehyde‑3‑phosphate‑dissociation inhibitor 1 and ANXA4] that were upregulated by >1.5‑fold in heavy (H)‑ and light (L)‑labeled A549R cells. In addition, 16 and 14 proteins were downregulated by >1.5‑fold in the H‑ and L‑labeled A549R cells, respectively. The majority of the downregulated proteins were associated with apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study isolated a cisplatin‑resistant human lung cancer A549 cell clone, with reduced apoptosis and high levels of autophagy, in response to cisplatin treatment. In cisplatin‑resistant A549R cells, SILAC proteomics recognized the high expression of GRP78 and other proteins that are associated with anti‑apoptosis and/or autophagy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Wang
- Department of Medical Services, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Science Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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A 3D microvascular network model to study the impact of hypoxia on the extravasation potential of breast cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17949. [PMID: 30560881 PMCID: PMC6298998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated hypoxia to be an important trigger of tumor cell invasion or metastasizes via hypoxia-signaling cascades, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Microfluidic model can be a reliable in vitro tool for systematically interrogating individual factors and their accompanying downstream effects, which may otherwise be difficult to study in complex tumor tissues. Here, we used an in vitro model of microvascular networks in a microfluidic chip to measure the extravasation potential of breast cell lines subjected to different oxygen conditions. Through the use of HIF-1α knock-down cell lines, we also validated the importance of HIF-1α in the transmigration ability of human breast cell lines. Three human breast cell lines derived from human breast tissues (MCF10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were used in this study to evaluate the role of hypoxia in promoting metastasis at different stages of cancer progression. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α protein level was increased, and coincided with changes in cell morphology, viability and an elevated metastatic potential. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the rate of extravasation compared to normoxia (21% O2). siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α in hypoxic tumors significantly decreased the extravasation rates of all the cell lines tested and may have an effect on the function of metastatic and apoptotic-related cellular processes.
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38
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Wood RA, Barbour MJ, Gould GW, Cunningham MR, Plevin RJ. Conflicting evidence for the role of JNK as a target in breast cancer cell proliferation: Comparisons between pharmacological inhibition and selective shRNA knockdown approaches. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6. [PMID: 29417765 PMCID: PMC5817830 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a target, the JNK pathway has been implicated in roles including cell death, proliferation, and inflammation in variety of contexts which span cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative pathologies, and cancer. JNK1 and JNK2 have recently been demonstrated to function independently, highlighting a new parameter in the study of the JNK pathway. In order for JNK1 and JNK2-specific roles to be defined, better tools need to be employed. Previous studies have relied upon the broad spectrum JNK inhibitor, SP600125, to characterize the role of JNK signaling in a number of cell lines, including the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In line with previous literature, our study has demonstrated that SP600125 treatment inhibited c-Jun and JNK phosphorylation and MCF-7 proliferation. However, in addition to targeting JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, SP600125 has been previously demonstrated to suppress the activity of a number of other serine/threonine kinases, making SP600125 an inadequate tool for JNK isoform-specific roles to be determined. In this study, lentiviral shRNA was employed to selectively knockdown JNK1, JNK2, and JNK1/2 in MCF-7 cells. Using this approach, JNK phosphorylation was fully inhibited following stable knockdown of respective JNK isoforms. Interestingly, despite suppression of JNK phosphorylation, MCF-7 cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or cell death remained unaffected. These findings raise the question of whether JNK phosphorylation really is pivotal in MCF-7 cell growth and death or if suppression of these events is a result of one of the many off-targets cited for SP600125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Wood
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark J Barbour
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret R Cunningham
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robin J Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Modulation of Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance to Polymeric Micellar Cisplatin: The Effect of Ligand Modification of Micellar Carrier Versus Inhibition of the Mediators of Drug Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040196. [PMID: 30347860 PMCID: PMC6320993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can induce chemoresistance, which is a significant clinical obstacle in cancer therapy. Here, we assessed development of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance (HICR) against free versus polymeric cisplatin micelles in a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. We then explored two strategies for the modulation of HICR against cisplatin micelles: a) the development of actively targeted micelles; and b) combination therapy with modulators of HICR in MDA-MB-231 cells. Actively targeted cisplatin micelles were prepared through surface modification of acetal-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(α-carboxyl-ε-caprolactone) (acetal-PEO-PCCL) micelles with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting peptide, GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI). Our results showed that hypoxia induced resistance against free and cisplatin micelles in MDA-MB-231 cells. A significant increase in micellar cisplatin uptake was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells that overexpress EGFR, following surface modification of micelles with GE11. This did not lead to increased cytotoxicity of micellar cisplatin, however. On the other hand, the addition of pharmacological inhibitors of key molecules involved in HICR in MDA-MB-231 cells, i.e., inhibitors of hypoxia inducing factor-1 (HIF-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), substantially enhanced the cytotoxicity of free and cisplatin micelles. The results indicated the potential benefit of combination therapy with HIF-1 and STAT3 inhibitors in overcoming HICR to free or micellar cisplatin.
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Folkerts H, Hilgendorf S, Vellenga E, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:517-560. [PMID: 30302772 PMCID: PMC6585651 DOI: 10.1002/med.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the development of resistance to cancer therapy in both solid and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is being recognized that autophagy also plays a crucial and sometimes opposing role in the complex cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts contributes to tumorigenesis by generating and supplying nutrients to cancerous cells. Reversely, autophagy in immune cells appears to contribute to tumor‐localized immune responses and among others regulates antigen presentation to and by immune cells. Autophagy also directly regulates T and natural killer cell activity and is required for mounting T‐cell memory responses. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment autophagy has a multifaceted role that, depending on the context, may help drive tumorigenesis or may help to support anticancer immune responses. This multifaceted role should be taken into account when designing autophagy‐based cancer therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the diverse facets of autophagy in cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the cancer microenvironment. Second, we will attempt to integrate and provide a unified view of how these various aspects can be therapeutically exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Folkerts
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hilgendorf
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yang X, Yin H, Zhang Y, Li X, Tong H, Zeng Y, Wang Q, He W. Hypoxia-induced autophagy promotes gemcitabine resistance in human bladder cancer cells through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α activation. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:215-224. [PMID: 29693166 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the chemoresistance of bladder cancer is a pivotal obstacle in clinical treatments. Hypoxia widely exists in solid tumors and has been demonstrated to contribute to chemoresistance through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α)-mediated autophagy in several types of cancer. However, it is unclear whether HIF‑1α-mediated autophagy and chemoresistance occur in bladder cancer. The present study demonstrated that HIF‑1α was overexpressed in 20 bladder cancer tissues compared with matched paracarcinoma tissues. Gemcitabine-induced apoptosis during hypoxia was significantly reduced compared with that observed under normoxic conditions. In addition, hypoxia activated autophagy and enhanced gemcitabine-induced autophagy. Combined treatment using gemcitabine and an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) under hypoxia significantly increased gemcitabine cytotoxicity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that hypoxia-activated autophagy depended on the HIF‑1α/BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)/Beclin1 signaling pathway. Suppressing HIF‑1α inhibited autophagy, BNIP3 and Beclin1, as well as enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Consequently, the results of the present study demonstrated that hypoxia-induced cytoprotective autophagy counteracted gemcitabine-induced apoptosis through increasing HIF‑1α expression. Therefore, targeting HIF‑1α-associated pathways or autophagy in bladder cancer may be a successful strategy to enhance the sensitivity of bladder cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hubin Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yizhou Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Sun B, Zhang D, Zhao N, Zhao X. Epithelial-to-endothelial transition and cancer stem cells: two cornerstones of vasculogenic mimicry in malignant tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30502-30510. [PMID: 27034014 PMCID: PMC5444760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a functional microcirculation pattern in malignant tumors accompanied by endothelium-dependent vessels and mosaic vessels. VM has been identified in more than 15 solid tumor types and is associated with poor differentiation, late clinical stage and poor prognosis. Classic anti-angiogenic agents do not target endothelium-dependent vessels and are not efficacious against tumors exhibiting VM. Further insight into the molecular signaling that triggers and promotes VM formation could improve anti-angiogenic therapeutics. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelium-to-endothelium transition (EET), a subtype of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), accelerate VM formation by stimulating tumor cell plasticity, remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and connecting VM channels with host blood vessels. VM channel-lining cells originate from CSCs due to expression of EMT inducers such as Twist1, which promote EET and ECM remodeling. Hypoxia and high interstitial fluid pressure in the tumor microenvironment induce a specific type of cell death, linearly patterned programmed cell necrosis (LPPCN), which spatially guides VM and endothelium-dependent vessel networks. This review focuses on the roles of CSCs and EET in VM, and on possible novel anti-angiogenic strategies against alternative tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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43
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Huang Y, Jiang X, Liang X, Jiang G. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of castration resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6063-6076. [PMID: 29616091 PMCID: PMC5876469 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With increases in the mortality rate and number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), PCa, particularly the advanced and metastatic disease, has been the focus of a number of studies globally. Over the past seven decades, androgen deprivation therapy has been the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced PCa; however, the majority of patients developed a poor prognosis stage of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which eventually led to mortality. Due to CRPC being incurable, laboratory investigations and clinical studies focusing on CRPC have been conducted worldwide. Clarification of the molecular pathways that may lead to CRPC is important for discovering novel therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of disease. A sustained androgen receptor (AR) signal is still regarded as the main cause of CRPC. Increasing number of studies have proposed different potential mechanisms that cause CRPC, and this has led to the development of novel agents targeting the AR-dependent pathway or AR-independent signaling. In the present review, the major underlying mechanisms causing CRPC, including several major categories of AR-dependent mechanisms, AR bypass signaling, AR-independent mechanisms and other important hypotheses (including the functions of autophagy, PCa stem cell and microRNAs in CRPC progression), are summarized with retrospective pre-clinical or clinical trials to guide future research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Ganggang Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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44
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Moosavi MA, Haghi A, Rahmati M, Taniguchi H, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Gupta VK, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Phytochemicals as potent modulators of autophagy for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:46-69. [PMID: 29474859 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases, and accordingly universal research efforts have focused on exploring novel compounds with autophagy-modulating properties. While a number of synthetic autophagy modulators have been identified as promising cancer therapy candidates, autophagy-modulating phytochemicals have also attracted attention as potential treatments with minimal side effects. In this review, we firstly highlight the importance of autophagy and its relevance in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Subsequently, we present the data on common phytochemicals and their mechanism of action as autophagy modulators. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with harnessing the autophagic potential of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu 23 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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45
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Jiang X, Zhang B, Zhou Z, Meng L, Sun Z, Xu Y, Xu Q, Yuan A, Yu L, Qian H, Wu J, Hu Y, Liu B. Enhancement of radiotherapy efficacy by pleiotropic liposomes encapsulated paclitaxel and perfluorotributylamine. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1419-1428. [PMID: 28937321 PMCID: PMC8241066 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1378939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used as a radiosensitizer in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy is limited by the hostility of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia. To overcome this constraint, we designed pleiotropic radiotherapy sensitized liposomes containing perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) and PTX. The results showed that liposomes significantly accumulated in the tumor site. PFTBA in liposomes dramatically reversed tumor hypoxia and improved the sensitivity of tumor radiotherapy. PTX in liposomes blocked the cell cycle of tumor cells in the radiation-sensitive G2/M phase, which was even greater when combined with PFTBA. In vitro and in vivo tumor treatment further demonstrated remarkably improved therapeutic outcomes in radiotherapy with such biocompatible liposomes. In conclusion, the pleiotropic liposomes encapsulated PFTBA and PTX provide significant radiotherapy sensitization and show promise for future application in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- College of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaigang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingtong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiling Sun
- College of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- College of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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46
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STAT3 but Not HIF-1α Is Important in Mediating Hypoxia-Induced Chemoresistance in MDA-MB-231, a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100137. [PMID: 29036915 PMCID: PMC5664076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced chemoresistance (HICR) is a well-recognized phenomenon, and in many experimental models, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is believed to be a key player. We aimed to better understand the mechanism underlying HICR in a triple negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, with a focus on the role of HIF-1α. In this context, the effect of hypoxia on the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to cisplatin and their stem-like features was evaluated and the role of HIF-1α in both phenomena was assessed. Our results showed that hypoxia significantly increased MDA-MB-231 resistance to cisplatin. Correlating with this, intracellular uptake of cisplatin was significantly reduced under hypoxia. Furthermore, the stem-like features of MDA-MB-231 cells increased as evidenced by the significant increases in the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters, the proportion of CD44+/CD24− cells, clonogenic survival and cisplatin chemoresistance. Under hypoxia, both the protein level and DNA binding of HIF-1α was dramatically increased. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of HIF-1α did not result in an appreciable change to HICR. Instead, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was found to be important. STAT3 activation may confer HICR by upregulating ABC transporters, particularly ABCC2 and ABCC6. This study has demonstrated that, in MDA-MB-231 cells, STAT3 rather than HIF-1α is important in mediating HICR to cisplatin.
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47
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Vedamalai M, Gupta I. Design and synthesis of the BODIPY-BSA complex for biological applications. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:10-14. [PMID: 28681566 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A quinoxaline-functionalized styryl-BODIPY derivative (S1) was synthesized by microwave-assisted Knoevenagel condensation. It exhibited fluorescence enhancement upon micro-encapsulation into the hydrophobic cavity of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The S1-BSA complex was characterized systematically using ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption, fluorescence emission, kinetics, circular dichroism and time-resolved lifetime measurements. The binding nature of BSA towards S1 was strong, and was found to be stable over a period of days. The studies showed that the S1-BSA complex could be used as a new biomaterial for fluorescence-based high-throughput assay for kinase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Vedamalai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Village Palaj, Simkheda, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.,Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Iti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Village Palaj, Simkheda, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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48
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Cellular effects of the microtubule-targeting agent peloruside A in hypoxia-conditioned colorectal carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1833-1843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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Yu N, Zhu H, Yang Y, Tao Y, Tan F, Pei Q, Zhou Y, Song X, Tan Q, Pei H. Combination of Fe/Cu -chelators and docosahexaenoic acid: an exploration for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51478-51491. [PMID: 28881661 PMCID: PMC5584262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer deaths in the world. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) -based chemotherapy is a common choice for patients with CRC; unfortunately, the benefit is rather limited due to the acquisition of drug resistance. Therefore, the alternative therapeutic strategies are required. The activation of autophagic mechanism was considered as the main cause of the acquisition of drug resistance in 5-FU treatment. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid, has been regarded as an efficient anticancer agent and can improve the drug resistance in conventional cancer therapy by a low basal level of autophagy in colon cancer cells. Moreover, removal of iron or copper by metal chelators could cause ROS levels increase and mediate cancer cell cytotoxicity led by autophagy. In the present study, we constructed a combination of 5-FU, 1:1 mixture of metal chelators di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone hydrochloride (DpC) and N, N, N’, N’-tetrakis-[2-pyridylmethyl]-ethylenediamine (TPEN) named DTN, and DHA to evaluate the anticancer effect of this combination, compared to the traditional 5-FU-based chemotherapy; further we investigated the underlying mechanism. Through inducing ROS-mediated degradation of Mcl-1 ubiquitination, the triple combination of 5-FU, DTN and DHA resulted in the elevated apoptosis in CRC cells, thus to reduce the tumor size and weight. Taken together, this study suggests the triple combination of 5-FU+DTN+DHA exhibits an effective anticancer activity of overcoming drug resistance in colorectal cancer, mechanism as the elevated apoptosis mediated by an increase of ROS and Mcl-1 ubiquitination, may be a novel strategy for clinical colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhui Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Dong Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Laboratory medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha 410007, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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50
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Lorente J, Velandia C, Leal JA, Garcia-Mayea Y, Lyakhovich A, Kondoh H, LLeonart ME. The interplay between autophagy and tumorigenesis: exploiting autophagy as a means of anticancer therapy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:152-165. [PMID: 28464404 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In wild-type cells, autophagy represents a tumour-suppressor mechanism, and dysfunction of the autophagy machinery increases genomic instability, DNA damage, oxidative stress and stem/progenitor expansion, which are events associated with cancer onset. Autophagy occurs at a basal level in all cells depending on cell type and cellular microenvironment. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is diverse and can promote different outcomes even in a single tumour. For example, in hypoxic tumour regions, autophagy emerges as a protective mechanism and allows cancer cell survival. By contrast, in cancer cells surrounding the tumour mass, the induction of autophagy by radio- or chemotherapy promotes cell death and significantly reduces the tumour mass. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy compromises tumorigenesis by mechanisms that are not entirely understood. The aim of this review is to explain the apparently contradictory role of autophagy as a mechanism that both promotes and inhibits tumorigenesis using different models. The induction/inhibition of autophagy as a mechanism for cancer treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lorente
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Otolaryngology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Velandia
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Otolaryngology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Leal
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cell Group, Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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