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Wang Y, Liang ZJ, Gale RP, Liao HZ, Ma J, Gong TJ, Shao YQ, Liang Y. Chronic myeloid leukaemia: Biology and therapy. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101196. [PMID: 38604819 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by BCR::ABL1. Tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (TKIs) are the initial therapy. Several organizations have reported milestones to evaluate response to initial TKI-therapy and suggest when a change of TKI should be considered. Achieving treatment-free remission (TFR) is increasingly recognized as the optimal therapy goal. Which TKI is the best initial therapy for which persons and what depth and duration of molecular remission is needed to achieve TFR are controversial. In this review we discuss these issues and suggest future research directions.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Remission Induction
- Biology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Liang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hua-Ze Liao
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Tie-Jun Gong
- Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin 150010, China.
| | - Ying-Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Yang Liang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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2
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Zenebe B, Nigussie H, Belay G, Seboka N. A review on characterization of BCR - ABL transcript variants for molecular monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia phenotypes. Hematology 2023; 28:2284038. [PMID: 37982440 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2284038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative growth of human pluripotent stem cells which is estimated to occur at a rate of 1/100000 populations every year worldwide. A characteristic feature of this disease is the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome genotype, which results from the reciprocal translocation between human chromosomes 9 and 22. Two types of major genotypes are involved, which consequently result in two major types of expressed fusion mRNA transcripts: b3a2 and b2a2, i.e. major breakpoint segments (happening after exon 13 & after exon 14) of the BCR gene on chromosome 22 fuze with the ABL1 gene breakpoint (happening after exon 2) on chromosome 9, forming two genotypes coding for two transcripts: b3a2 (e14a2) and b2a2 (e13a2). The protein 'p210 BCR-ABL1', a protein which characteristically exhibits a high tyrosine kinase activity which is followed by the activation of various cellular processes that lead to increased cellular proliferation and cancer, is coded by both major BCR - ABL1 mRNA transcripts. Recent developments in the treatment of CML through molecular monitoring of the disease have managed to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Advanced molecular techniques are aimed at detecting BCR-ABL1 transcript levels to monitor treatment response. Transcript typing is necessary to detect minimal residual disease and to achieve molecular response by helping to provide selective therapy based on the type of transcript identified, as transcript type is correlated with the disease course.The purpose of this review is to discuss: the role of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in the pathogenesis of CML; the role of BCR-ABL1 transcript characterization in the molecular monitoring of CML therapy; the association of BCR - ABL1 transcript types with different CML phenotypes, molecular responses, and treatment responses; and the laboratory techniques employed to detect and characterize BCR - ABL1 transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyam Zenebe
- Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Helen Nigussie
- Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gurja Belay
- Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nigussie Seboka
- Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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3
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Kim JH, Kang KW, Park Y, Kim BS. CXCR2 inhibition overcomes ponatinib intolerance by eradicating chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (CD26). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22091. [PMID: 38045173 PMCID: PMC10692791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic potential of targeting CXCR2 in patients afflicted with ponatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Ponatinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was initially designed for treating patients with CML harboring the T315I mutation. However, resistance or intolerance issues may lead to treatment discontinuation. Additionally, TKIs have exhibited limitations in eradicating quiescent CML stem cells. Our investigation reveals the activation of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling in response to chemotherapeutic stress. Treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, effectively curtails cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in ponatinib-resistant CML cells. SB225002 intervention also results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and disruption of mitochondrial function, phenomena associated with TKI chemoresistance and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated CXCR2 expression induces the activity of dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (DPP4/CD26), a CML leukemic stem cell marker, and concomitantly inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway cascades. These findings underscore the novel role of CXCR2 in the regulation of not only ponatinib-resistant CML cells, but also CML leukemic stem cells. Consequently, our study proposes that targeting CXCR2 holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for addressing patients with CML grappling with ponatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hea Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Panwar V, Singh A, Bhatt M, Tonk RK, Azizov S, Raza AS, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Garg M. Multifaceted role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:375. [PMID: 37779156 PMCID: PMC10543444 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and migration, to maintain cellular homeostasis. The mTOR signaling cascade consists of two distinct multi-subunit complexes named mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of several critical proteins like AKT, protein kinase C, insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), transcription factor EB (TFEB), sterol-responsive element-binding proteins (SREBPs), Lipin-1, and Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinases. mTOR signaling plays a central role in regulating translation, lipid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, biogenesis of lysosomes, nutrient sensing, and growth factor signaling. The emerging pieces of evidence have revealed that the constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway due to mutations/amplification/deletion in either mTOR and its complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) or upstream targets is responsible for aging, neurological diseases, and human malignancies. Here, we provide the detailed structure of mTOR, its complexes, and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators, as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism, biogenesis of biomolecules, immune responses, and autophagy. Additionally, we summarize the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an important modulator of mTOR signaling. Importantly, we have highlighted the potential of mTOR signaling in aging, neurological disorders, human cancers, cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. Here, we discuss the developments for the therapeutic targeting of mTOR signaling with improved anticancer efficacy for the benefit of cancer patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Panwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aishwarya Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manini Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Agha Saquib Raza
- Rajive Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital, Tahirpur, New Delhi, 110093, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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5
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Dolinska M, Cai H, Månsson A, Shen J, Xiao P, Bouderlique T, Li X, Leonard E, Chang M, Gao Y, Medina JP, Kondo M, Sandhow L, Johansson AS, Deneberg S, Söderlund S, Jädersten M, Ungerstedt J, Tobiasson M, Östman A, Mustjoki S, Stenke L, Le Blanc K, Hellström-Lindberg E, Lehmann S, Ekblom M, Olsson-Strömberg U, Sigvardsson M, Qian H. Characterization of the bone marrow niche in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia identifies CXCL14 as a new therapeutic option. Blood 2023; 142:73-89. [PMID: 37018663 PMCID: PMC10651879 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they often fail to eradicate the leukemia-initiating stem cells (LSCs), causing disease persistence and relapse. Evidence indicates that LSC persistence may be because of bone marrow (BM) niche protection; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we molecularly and functionally characterize BM niches in patients with CML at diagnosis and reveal the altered niche composition and function in these patients. Long-term culture initiating cell assay showed that the mesenchymal stem cells from patients with CML displayed an enhanced supporting capacity for normal and CML BM CD34+CD38- cells. Molecularly, RNA sequencing detected dysregulated cytokine and growth factor expression in the BM cellular niches of patients with CML. Among them, CXCL14 was lost in the BM cellular niches in contrast to its expression in healthy BM. Restoring CXCL14 significantly inhibited CML LSC maintenance and enhanced their response to imatinib in vitro, and CML engraftment in vivo in NSG-SGM3 mice. Importantly, CXCL14 treatment dramatically inhibited CML engraftment in patient-derived xenografted NSG-SGM3 mice, even to a greater degree than imatinib, and this inhibition persisted in patients with suboptimal TKI response. Mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulated inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulated mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. Together, we have discovered a suppressive role of CXCL14 in CML LSC growth. CXCL14 might offer a treatment option targeting CML LSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CXC/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dolinska
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Cai
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingyi Shen
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pingnan Xiao
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thibault Bouderlique
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elory Leonard
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Chang
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Pablo Medina
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lakshmi Sandhow
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sofie Johansson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Deneberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Söderlund
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Science, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Jädersten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ungerstedt
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Tobiasson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Stenke
- Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Science, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marja Ekblom
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulla Olsson-Strömberg
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Science, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hong Qian
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Qiu Q, yang L, Feng Y, Zhu Z, Li N, Zheng L, Sun Y, Pan C, Qiu H, Cui X, He W, Wang F, Yi Y, Tang M, Yang Z, Yang Y, Li Z, Chen L, Hu Y. HDAC I/IIb selective inhibitor Purinostat Mesylate combined with GLS1 inhibition effectively eliminates CML stem cells. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:483-498. [PMID: 36185739 PMCID: PMC9486186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinostat Mesylate (PM) is a novel highly selective and active HDAC I/IIb inhibitor, and the injectable formulation of PM (PMF) based on the compound prescription containing cyclodextrin completely can overcome PM's poor solubility and improves its stability and pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we showed that PM effectively repressed the survival of Ph+ leukemia cells and CD34+ leukemia cells from CML patients in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that PMF significantly prevented BCR-ABL(T315I) induced CML progression by restraining leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are insensitive to chemotherapy and responsible for CML relapse. Mechanism studies revealed that targeting HDAC I/IIb repressed several important factors for LSCs survival including c-Myc, β-Catenin, E2f, Ezh2, Alox5, and mTOR, as well as interrupted some critical biologic processes. Additionally, PMF increased glutamate metabolism in LSCs by increasing GLS1. The combination of PMF and glutaminase inhibitor BPTES synergistically eradicated LSCs by altering multiple key proteins and signaling pathways which are critical for LSC survival and self-renewal. Overall, our findings represent a new therapeutic strategy for eliminating LSCs by targeting HDAC I/IIb and glutaminolysis, which potentially provides a guidance for PMF clinical trials in the future for TKI resistance CML patients. PM is a novel HDACI/IIb inhibitor with better selectivity and inhibitory activity than currently marketed HDAC inhibitors. PMF completely overcomes the problem of PM's poor solubility, and improved PM stability and pharmacokinetic properties. PMF effectively inhibits disease progression and abrogates leukemia stem cells survival in TKI-resistant CML mouse model. Simultaneous targeting of I/IIb HDACs and glutaminolysis could sufficiently eradicated LSCs in the mouse model.
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7
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BH3 mimetics and TKI combined therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Biochem J 2023; 480:161-176. [PMID: 36719792 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was considered for a long time one of the most hostile leukemia that was incurable for most of the patients, predominantly due to the extreme resistance to chemotherapy. Part of the resistance to cell death (apoptosis) is the result of increased levels of anti-apoptotic and decreased levels of pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family induced by the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. BCR-ABL1 is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase responsible for initiating multiple and oncogenic signaling pathways. With the development of specific BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) CML became a much more tractable disease. Nevertheless, TKIs do not cure CML patients and a substantial number of them develop intolerance or become resistant to the treatment. Therefore, novel anti-cancer strategies must be developed to treat CML patients independently or in combination with TKIs. Here, we will discuss the mechanisms of BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent resistance to TKIs and the use of BH3-mimetics as a potential tool to fight CML.
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8
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Yin Z, Su R, Ge L, Wang X, Yang J, Huang G, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang K, Deng L, Fei J. Single-cell resolution reveals RalA GTPase expanding hematopoietic stem cells and facilitating of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemogenesis in a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mouse model. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1211-1227. [PMID: 36923939 PMCID: PMC10008703 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL oncogene-mediated Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is suggested to originate from leukemic stem cells (LSCs); however, factors regulating self-renewal of LSC and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are largely unclear. Here, we show that RalA, a small GTPase in the Ras downstream signaling pathway, has a critical effect on regulating the self-renewal of LSCs and HSCs. A RalA knock-in mouse model (RalARosa26-Tg/+) was initially constructed on the basis of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) assay to analyze normal hematopoietic differentiation frequency using single-cell resolution and flow cytometry. RalA overexpression promoted cell cycle progression and increased the frequency of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs), HSCs and multipotent progenitors (MPPs). The uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot revealed heterogeneities in HSCs and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and identified the subclusters of HSCs and GMPs with a distinct molecular signature. RalA also promoted BCR-ABL-induced leukemogenesis and self-renewal of primary LSCs and shortened the survival of leukemic mice. RalA knockdown prolonged survival and promoted sensitivity to imatinib in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Immunoprecipitation plus single-cell RNA sequencing of the GMP population confirmed that RalA induced this effect by interacting with RAC1. RAC1 inhibition by azathioprine effectively reduced the self-renewal, colony formation ability of LSCs and prolonged the survival in BCR-ABL1-driven RalA overexpression CML mice. Collectively, RalA was detected to be a vital factor that regulates the abilities of HSCs and LSCs, thus facilitating BCR-ABL-triggered leukemia in mice. RalA inhibition serves as the therapeutic approach to eradicate LSCs in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan university, Guangzhou 510317, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China.,Department of pathology (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guiping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Keda Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Hematology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510632, China
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9
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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10
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Rudich A, Garzon R, Dorrance A. Non-Coding RNAs Are Implicit in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012271. [PMID: 36293127 PMCID: PMC9603161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm initiated by the presence of the fusion gene BCR::ABL1. The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) highly specific to p210BCR-ABL1, the constitutively active tyrosine kinase encoded by BCR::ABL1, has greatly improved the prognosis for CML patients. Now, the survival rate of CML nearly parallels that of age matched controls. However, therapy resistance remains a persistent problem in the pursuit of a cure. TKI resistance can be attributed to both BCR::ABL1 dependent and independent mechanisms. Recently, the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been increasingly explored due to their frequent dysregulation in a variety of malignancies. Specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to the development and progression of therapy resistance in CML. Since each ncRNA exhibits multiple functions and is capable of controlling gene expression, they exert their effect on CML resistance through a diverse set of mechanisms and pathways. In most cases ncRNAs with tumor suppressing functions are silenced in CML, while those with oncogenic properties are overexpressed. Here, we discuss the relevance of many aberrantly expressed ncRNAs and their effect on therapy resistance in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- RNA, Circular
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/pharmacology
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11
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Luo L, Jiang P, Chen Q, Chang J, Jing Y, Luo X, Gu H, Huang Y, Chen R, Liu J, Kang D, Liu Q, Wang Y, Fang G, Zhu Y, Guan F, Lei J, Yang L, Liu C, Dai X. c-Abl controls BCR signaling and B cell differentiation by promoting B cell metabolism. Immunology 2022; 167:181-196. [PMID: 35753034 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl was first studied in chronic myelogenous leukemia, and its role in lymphocytes has been well characterized. c-Abl is involved in B cell development and CD19 associated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. Although c-Abl regulates different metabolic pathways, the role of c-Abl is still unknown in B cell metabolism. In this study, B cell specific c-Abl knockout (KO) mice (Mb1Cre+/- c-Ablfl/fl ) were used to investigate how c-Abl regulates B cell metabolism and BCR signaling. We found that the levels of activation positive BCR signaling proximal molecules, phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (pSYK) and phosphorylated Bruton tyrosine kinase (pBTK), were decreased, while the level of key negative regulator, phosphorylated SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (pSHIP1), was increased in Mb1Cre+/- c-Ablfl/fl mice. Furthermore, we found c-Abl deficiency weakened the B cell spreading, formation of BCR signalosomes, and the polymerization of actin during BCR activation, and also impaired the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells both in quiescent condition and after immunization. Moreover, B cell mitochondrial respiration and the expression of B cell metabolism regulating molecules were downregulated in c-Abl deficiency mice. Overall, c-Abl, which involved in actin remodeling and B cell metabolism, positively regulates BCR signaling and promotes GC differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianglin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukai Jing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingzi Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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BCR-ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Complex Signaling Transduction: Challenges to Overcome Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010215. [PMID: 35057108 PMCID: PMC8780254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, found in t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation-derived leukemia, initiates an extremely complex signaling transduction cascade that induces a strong state of resistance to chemotherapy. Targeted therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, have revolutionized the treatment of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, TKIs do not cure CML patients, as some develop TKI resistance and the majority relapse upon withdrawal from treatment. Importantly, although BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase is necessary to initiate and establish the malignant phenotype of Ph-related leukemia, in the later advanced phase of the disease, BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms are also in place. Here, we present an overview of the signaling pathways initiated by BCR-ABL1 and discuss the major challenges regarding immunologic/pharmacologic combined therapies.
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13
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Lu XX, Jiang YY, Wu YW, Chen GY, Shao CL, Gu YC, Liu M, Wei MY. Semi-Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 35049881 PMCID: PMC8777696 DOI: 10.3390/md20010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2-16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC50 value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1-GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Yao-Yao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China;
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK;
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-X.L.); (Y.-Y.J.); (Y.-W.W.); (C.-L.S.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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14
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Filik Y, Bauer K, Hadzijusufovic E, Haider P, Greiner G, Witzeneder N, Hoermann G, Hohensinner PJ, Gleixner KV, Wojta J, Sperr WR, Valent P. PI3-kinase inhibition as a strategy to suppress the leukemic stem cell niche in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6042-6059. [PMID: 35018241 PMCID: PMC8727792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the disease-associated microenvironment, known as the leukemic stem cell (LSC) niche, is substantially involved in drug resistance of LSC in BCR-ABL1+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Attacking the LSC niche in CML may thus be an effective approach to overcome drug resistance. We have recently shown that osteoblasts are a major site of niche-mediated LSC resistance against second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in CML. In the present study, we screened for drugs that are capable of suppressing the growth and viability of osteoblasts and/or other niche cells and can thereby overcome TKI resistance of CML LSC. Proliferation was analyzed by determining 3H-thymidine uptake in niche-related cells, and apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V/DAPI-staining and flow cytometry. We found that the dual PI3 kinase (PI3K) and mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and the selective pan-PI3K inhibitor copanlisib suppress proliferation of primary osteoblasts (BEZ235 IC50: 0.05 μM; copanlisib IC50: 0.05 μM), the osteoblast cell line CAL-72 (BEZ235 IC50: 0.5 μM; copanlisib IC50: 1 μM), primary umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (BEZ235 IC50: 0.5 μM; copanlisib IC50: 0.5 μM), and the vascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1 (BEZ235 IC50: 1 μM; copanlisib IC50: 1 μM), whereas no comparable effects were seen with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Furthermore, we show that BEZ235 and copanlisib cooperate with nilotinib and ponatinib in suppressing proliferation and survival of osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Finally, BEZ235 and copanlisib were found to overcome osteoblast-mediated resistance against nilotinib and ponatinib in K562 cells, KU812 cells and primary CD34+/CD38- CML LSC. Together, targeting osteoblastic niche cells through PI3K inhibition may be a new effective approach to overcome niche-induced TKI resistance in CML. Whether this approach can be translated into clinical application and can counteract drug resistance of LSC in patients with CML remains to be determined in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüksel Filik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Ihr Labor, Medical Diagnostic LaboratoriesVienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- MLL Munich Leukemia LaboratoryMunich, Germany
| | - Philipp J Hohensinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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15
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Houshmand M, Kazemi A, Anjam Najmedini A, Ali MS, Gaidano V, Cignetti A, Fava C, Cilloni D, Saglio G, Circosta P. Shedding Light on Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245805. [PMID: 34945101 PMCID: PMC8708315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells (CML LSCs) are a rare and quiescent population that are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). When TKI therapy is discontinued in CML patients in deep, sustained and apparently stable molecular remission, these cells in approximately half of the cases restart to grow, resuming the leukemic process. The elimination of these TKI resistant leukemic stem cells is therefore an essential step in increasing the percentage of those patients who can reach a successful long-term treatment free remission (TFR). The understanding of the biology of the LSCs and the identification of the differences, phenotypic and/or metabolic, that could eventually allow them to be distinguished from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are therefore important steps in designing strategies to target LSCs in a rather selective way, sparing the normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Ali Anjam Najmedini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cignetti
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
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16
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Kayabasi C, Yelken BO, Asik A, Okcanoglu TB, Sogutlu F, Gasimli R, Susluer SY, Saydam G, Avci CB, Gunduz C. PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibition with VS-5584 enhances anti-leukemic efficacy of ponatinib in blasts and Ph-negative LSCs of chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174446. [PMID: 34461124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is used for advanced treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), although low doses to prevent side effects do not suppress survival pathways and eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs). We evaluated the potential of ponatinib and PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor VS-5584 combination (PoVS) therapy to increase the anti-leukemic effects of ponatinib and investigated the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. We measured the cytotoxicities of ponatinib, VS-5584, and PoVS (CCK-8 assay), and used the median-effect equation for combination analyses. We investigated the effects of inhibitory concentrations on apoptosis, cell viability and cell-cycle regulation (flow cytometry), protein levels (ELISA, Western blot), transcriptional activities (dual-luciferase reporter assay), gene expressions (qRT-PCR). VS-5584 exerted selective cytotoxic effects against CML and LSC cell lines. VS-5584 inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, resulting in reduced cell viability, slightly induced caspase-independent apoptosis, prominent G0/G1 cell-cycle blockade that is not a consequence of quiescence. Normal hematopoietic stem cell line was the least affected. Moreover, ponatinib and VS-5584 mediated synergistic anti-leukemic effects on leukemic cells. VS-5584 reduced the ponatinib dose required to target leukemic cells. PoVS treatment inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway more consistently than either of the two agents alone through reducing p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-PRAS40, p-S6. The subsequent downstream effects were an increase in C/EBP transcriptional activity and decreases in activities of E2F/DP1, Myc/Max, CREB, STAT3, NFκB, AP-1, Elk-1/SRF. Transcriptional regulation resulted in alterations in the expression levels of target mRNAs. Our results highlight PoVS can be a promising treatment strategy for eliminating CML cells and LSCs selectively, with the reduced ponatinib doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guray Saydam
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Wu F, Chen Z, Liu J, Hou Y. The Akt-mTOR network at the interface of hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Exp Hematol 2021; 103:15-23. [PMID: 34464661 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are immature blood cells that exhibit multilineage differentiation capacity. Homeostasis is critical for HSC potential and lifelong hematopoiesis, and HSC homeostasis is tightly governed by both intrinsic molecular networks and microenvironmental signals. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB, also referred to as Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is universal to nearly all multicellular organisms and plays an integral role in most cellular processes. Emerging evidence has revealed a central role of the Akt-mTOR network in HSC homeostasis, because it responds to multiple intracellular and extracellular signals and regulates various downstream targets, eventually affecting several cellular processes, including the cell cycle, mitochondrial metabolism, and protein synthesis. Dysregulated Akt-mTOR signaling greatly affects HSC self-renewal, maintenance, differentiation, survival, autophagy, and aging, as well as transformation of HSCs to leukemia stem cells. Here, we review recent works and provide an advanced understanding of how the Akt-mTOR network regulates HSC homeostasis, thus offering insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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18
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Ma XY, Wei L, Lei Z, Chen Y, Ding Z, Chen ZS. Recent progress on targeting leukemia stem cells. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1904-1913. [PMID: 34029689 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A small population of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the initiation, drug resistance, and relapse of leukemia. LSCs have the ability to form tumors after xenotransplantation in immunodeficient mice and appear to be common in most human leukemias. Therefore, the eradication of LSCs is an approach with the potential to improve survival or even to cure leukemia. Using recent research in the field of LSCs, we summarize the targeted therapy approaches for the removal of LSCs through surface markers including immune checkpoint molecules, pathways influencing LSC survival, or the survival microenvironment of LSCs. In addition, we introduce the survival microenvironment and survival regulation of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, PR China.
| | - Zining Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yanglu Chen
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd., Gangxing 3rd Rd, High-Tech and Innovation Zone, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, PR China.
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19
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Minciacchi VR, Kumar R, Krause DS. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Model Disease of the Past, Present and Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010117. [PMID: 33435150 PMCID: PMC7827482 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been a "model disease" with a long history. Beginning with the first discovery of leukemia and the description of the Philadelphia Chromosome and ending with the current goal of achieving treatment-free remission after targeted therapies, we describe here the journey of CML, focusing on molecular pathways relating to signaling, metabolism and the bone marrow microenvironment. We highlight current strategies for combination therapies aimed at eradicating the CML stem cell; hopefully the final destination of this long voyage.
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MESH Headings
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/history
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R. Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Daniela S. Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.M.); (R.K.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Clinic II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-63395-500; Fax: +49-69-63395-519
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20
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Su B, Huang T, Jin Y, Yin H, Qiu H, Yuan X. Apatinib exhibits synergistic effect with pyrotinib and reverses acquired pyrotinib resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer via stem cell factor/c-kit signaling and its downstream pathways. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:352-367. [PMID: 33030616 PMCID: PMC7902570 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, progress has been made in the development of targeted therapies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). However, drug resistance has severely limited the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies. Pyrotinib is a novel pan-HER inhibitor. Although it is effective in HER2-positive GC treatment, its efficacy in combination with apatinib and associated resistance mechanisms in HER2-positive GC remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the combination effects of pyrotinib and apatinib were examined in two pyrotinib-sensitive GC cells and xenografts. The RNA sequencing was used to determine the underlying mechanisms of acquired pyrotinib resistance. The role of imatinib and apatinib in reversing pyrotinib resistance was tested in pyrotinib-resistant cells and xenografts. RESULTS Here, we reported that a combination of pyrotinib and apatinib exhibits synergistic effect in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenografts, and showed enhanced antitumor efficacy in HER2-positive GC, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, up-regulation of the stem cell factor (SCF) levels, and the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways was associated with acquired pyrotinib resistance in HER2-positive GC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the activation of the SCF/c-kit signaling and its downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways mediated pyrotinib resistance by promoting cell survival and proliferation. Imatinib and apatinib augmented the sensitivity of pyrotinib-resistant cells and xenografts to pyrotinib, by blocking SCF/c-kit signaling. CONCLUSION These results highlight the effectiveness of pyrotinib combined with apatinib in HER2-positive GC and acquired pyrotinib resistance, thus providing a theoretical basis for new treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Su
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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21
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Abumiya M, Akamine Y, Sato S, Takahashi S, Yoshioka T, Kameoka Y, Takahashi N, Miura M. Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and nilotinib plasma concentrations on nilotinib-induced hypercholesterolaemia in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:382-387. [PMID: 33108009 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among nilotinib plasma trough concentration (C0 ), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and PCSK9 plasma concentration in 31 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. METHODS Plasma concentrations of nilotinib and PCSK9 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION LDL cholesterol concentrations at 1 month after nilotinib treatment were significantly increased compared with those before therapy. The mean C0 (±SD) of nilotinib at 1, 2, and 3 months after nilotinib treatment were 645 ± 516, 902 ± 623, and 951 ± 1088 ng/mL, respectively. Mean PCSK9 concentrations at 3 months after nilotinib treatment were significantly higher than those at the start of therapy (320 vs 257 ng/mL, respectively, P = .019). When the change rate in the PCSK9 concentration induced by nilotinib was classified with a cut-off value of +40%, the change rate in LDL cholesterol in patients with a change rate in PCSK9 of ≥40% was significantly higher than that in patients with a PCSK9 change rate of <40% (67.1% vs 38.0%, P = .043); however, there were no differences in mean nilotinib C0 . WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Nilotinib may lead to hypercholesterolaemia by increasing plasma concentrations of PCSK9 after indirect inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. In addition, certain patients seem to have high sensitivity for nilotinib in a signalling cascade of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, despite low plasma concentrations of nilotinib. Consequently, nilotinib-induced hypercholesterolaemia could not be predicted based on the plasma concentration of nilotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Abumiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akamine
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Shiori Sato
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Saori Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Clinical Research Promotion and Support Center, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshioka
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kameoka
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Clinical Research Promotion and Support Center, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masatomo Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
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22
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Park CS, Lacorazza HD. DYRK2 controls a key regulatory network in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1663-1672. [PMID: 33067577 PMCID: PMC8080801 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematological cancer driven by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL1, and lifelong treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors extends patient survival to nearly the life expectancy of the general population. Despite advances in the development of more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce a durable deep molecular response, more than half of patients relapse upon treatment discontinuation. This clinical finding supports the paradigm that leukemia stem cells feed the neoplasm, resist tyrosine kinase inhibition, and reactivate upon drug withdrawal depending on the fitness of the patient's immune surveillance. This concept lends support to the idea that treatment-free remission is not achieved solely with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and that new molecular targets independent of BCR-ABL1 signaling are needed in order to develop adjuvant therapy to more efficiently eradicate the leukemia stem cell population responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. Future efforts must focus on the identification of new targets to support the discovery of potent and safe small molecules able to specifically eradicate the leukemic stem cell population. In this review, we briefly discuss molecular maintenance in leukemia stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia and provide a more in-depth discussion of the dual-specificity kinase DYRK2, which has been identified as a novel actionable checkpoint in a critical leukemic network. DYRK2 controls the activation of p53 and proteasomal degradation of c-MYC, leading to impaired survival and self-renewal of leukemia stem cells; thus, pharmacological activation of DYRK2 as an adjuvant to standard therapy has the potential to induce treatment-free remission.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Dyrk Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shik Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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23
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Klümper T, Bruckmueller H, Diewock T, Kaehler M, Haenisch S, Pott C, Bruhn O, Cascorbi I. Expression differences of miR-142-5p between treatment-naïve chronic myeloid leukemia patients responding and non-responding to imatinib therapy suggest a link to oncogenic ABL2, SRI, cKIT and MCL1 signaling pathways critical for development of therapy resistance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 32999756 PMCID: PMC7519530 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by constitutive activity of the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL1. Although the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has substantially improved patients’ prognosis, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in CML therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators, are implicated in CML progression and drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the miRNA expression profiles of 45 treatment-naïve CML patients in chronic phase (28 peripheral blood and 17 bone marrow samples) with respect to future response to imatinib therapy. Methods TaqMan low density arrays were used to analyze the miRNA expression pattern of the patient samples. For selected microRNAs, reporter gene assays were performed to study their ability to regulate CML associated target genes. Results Significant lower expression levels of miR-142-5p were identified in both, peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of future non-responders suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role of this miRNA. This was supported by reporter gene assays that identified the survival, proliferation and invasion promoting CML related genes ABL2, cKIT, MCL1 and SRI as targets of miR-142-5p and miR-365a-3p, the latter identified as potential biomarker in peripheral blood samples. Conclusion MiR-142-5p and to a certain extend also miR-365a-3p were able to discriminate treatment-naïve CML patients not responding to imatinib in the course of their treatment from patients, who responded to therapy. However, further large-scale studies should clarify if the identified miRNAs have the potential as predictive biomarkers for TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Klümper
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Diewock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sierk Haenisch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Pott
- Department of Medicine II, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruhn
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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24
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An in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies the RNA-binding protein Staufen2 as a key regulator of myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:410-422. [PMID: 34109316 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive myeloid leukemias such as blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia remain highly lethal. Here we report a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen to identify new dependencies in this disease. Among these, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in general, and the double-stranded RBP Staufen2 (Stau2) in particular, emerged as critical regulators of myeloid leukemia. In a newly developed knockout mouse, loss of Stau2 led to a profound decrease in leukemia growth and improved survival in mouse models of the disease. Further, Stau2 was required for growth of primary human blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Finally, integrated analysis of CRISPR, eCLIP and RNA-sequencing identified Stau2 as a regulator of chromatin-binding factors, driving global alterations in histone methylation. Collectively, these data show that in vivo CRISPR screening is an effective tool for defining new regulators of myeloid leukemia progression and identify the double-stranded RBP Stau2 as a critical dependency of myeloid malignancies.
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25
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Braun TP, Eide CA, Druker BJ. Response and Resistance to BCR-ABL1-Targeted Therapies. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:530-542. [PMID: 32289275 PMCID: PMC7722523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), caused by constitutively active BCR-ABL1 fusion tyrosine kinase, has served as a paradigm for successful application of molecularly targeted cancer therapy. The development of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib allows patients with CML to experience near-normal life expectancy. Specific point mutations that decrease drug binding affinity can produce TKI resistance, and second- and third-generation TKIs largely mitigate this problem. Some patients develop TKI resistance without known resistance mutations, with significant heterogeneity in the underlying mechanism, but this is relatively uncommon, with the majority of patients with chronic phase CML achieving long-term disease control. In contrast, responses to TKI treatment are short lived in advanced phases of the disease or in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with relapse driven by both BCR-ABL1 kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Additionally, the frontline CML treatment with second-generation TKIs produces deeper molecular responses, driving disease burden below the detection limit for a greater number of patients. For patients with deep molecular responses, up to half have been able to discontinue therapy. Current efforts are focused on identifying therapeutic strategies to drive deeper molecular responses, enabling more patients to attempt TKI discontinuation.
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MESH Headings
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Braun
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Insitute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Zhang T, Wei D, Lu T, Ma D, Yu K, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Wang W, Wang J. CAY10683 and imatinib have synergistic effects in overcoming imatinib resistance via HDAC2 inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia. RSC Adv 2020; 10:828-844. [PMID: 35494464 PMCID: PMC9048251 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (IM) is utilized for targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein and as such, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is considered to be a curable disorder for which patients can achieve a long survival. However, 15-20% CML cases end up with IM resistance that will develop into the accelerated stage and eventually the blast crisis, thereby restricting the treatment choices and giving rise to a dismal survival rate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified to modulate the oncogene as well as tumor suppressor gene activities, and they play crucial parts in tumorigenesis. It is found recently that IM combined with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can serve as a promising means of overcoming IM resistance in CML cases. Santacruzamate A (CAY10683) has been developed as one of the selective and powerful HDACi to resist HDAC2. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine whether CAY10683 combined with IM could serve as the candidate antitumor treatment for CML cases with IM resistance. The influences of CAY10683 combined with IM on the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and viability of CML cells with IM resistance were investigated, and it was discovered that the combined treatment exerted synergistic effects on managing the IM resistance. Moreover, further studies indicated that CAY10683 combined with IM mainly exerted synergistic effects through inhibiting HDAC2 in K562-R and LAMA84-R cells with IM resistance. Besides, the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway was found to mediate the HDAC2 regulation of CML cells with IM resistance. Eventually, it was also discovered, based on the xenograft mouse model, that the combined treatment dramatically suppressed CML proliferation in vivo. To sum up, findings in the current study indicate that CAY10683 combined with IM can be potentially used as the candidate treatment for CML with IM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Danna Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Guiyang 550002 PR China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Kunlin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 PR China +86 851 675 7898 +86 136 390 89646 .,Department of Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Guiyang 550004 PR China
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27
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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28
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Rajput S, Guo Z, Li S, Ma CX. PI3K inhibition enhances the anti-tumor effect of eribulin in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3667-3680. [PMID: 31217901 PMCID: PMC6557212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is commonly observed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), leading to activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling to promote tumor cell growth and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we investigated whether adding a pan-PI3K inhibitor could improve the cytotoxic effect of eribulin, a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, in TNBC patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) with loss of PTEN, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three TNBC-PDX models (WHIM6, WHIM12 and WHIM21), all with loss of PTEN expression, were tested for their response to BKM120 and eribulin, alone or in combination in vivo. In addition, the effect of drug treatment on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were also performed in vitro using a panel of TNBC cell lines, including 2 derived from PDX models. The combination of eribulin and BKM120 led to additive or synergistic anti-tumor effect in 2 of the 3 PDX models, accompanied by an enhanced mitotic arrest and apoptosis in sensitive PDX models. In addition, the combination was synergistic in reducing mammosphere formation, and markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, PI3K inhibition induces synergistic anti-tumor effect when combined with eribulin, by enhancing mitotic arrest and apoptosis, as well as, reducing the cancer stem cell population. This study provides a preclinical rationale to investigate the therapeutic potential for the combination of PI3K inhibition and eribulin in the difficult to treat TNBC. Further studies are needed to identify the biomarkers of response for target patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rajput
- 1 Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhanfang Guo
- 1 Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- 1 Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,2 Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- 1 Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,2 Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Rajput S, Guo Z, Li S, Ma CX. PI3K inhibition enhances the anti-tumor effect of eribulin in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rajput
- Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhanfang Guo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- Section of Medical Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Nilotinib: A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Mediates Resistance to Intracellular Mycobacterium Via Regulating Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050506. [PMID: 31130711 PMCID: PMC6562972 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been studied extensively in various tumor models; however, no information exists about the pharmacological action of nilotinib in bacterial infections. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are the etiological agents of bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease, respectively. Although M. bovis and MAP cause distinct tissue tropism, both of them infect, reside, and replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells of the infected host. Autophagy is an innate immune defense mechanism for the control of intracellular bacteria, regulated by diverse signaling pathways. Here we demonstrated that nilotinib significantly inhibited the intracellular survival and growth of M. bovis and MAP in macrophages by modulating host immune responses. We showed that nilotinib induced autophagic degradation of intracellular mycobacterium occurred via the inhibition of PI3k/Akt/mTOR axis mediated by abelson (c-ABL) tyrosine kinase. In addition, we observed that nilotinib promoted ubiquitin accumulation around M. bovis through activation of E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin. From in-vivo experiments, we found that nilotinib effectively controlled M. bovis growth and survival through enhanced parkin activity in infected mice. Altogether, our data showed that nilotinib regulates protective innate immune responses against intracellular mycobacterium, both in-vitro and in-vivo, and can be exploited as a novel therapeutic remedy for the control of M. bovis and MAP infections.
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by BCRABL1 in a cell with the biological potential, intrinsic or acquired, to cause leukemia. This cell is commonly termed the CML leukemia stem cell (LSC). In humans a CML LSC is operationally-defined by ≥1 in vitro or in vivo assays of human leukemia cells transferred to immune-deficient mice. Results of these assays are sometimes discordant. There is also the unproved assumption that biological features of a CML LSC are stable. These considerations make accurate and precise identification of a CML LSC difficult or impossible. In this review, we consider biological features of CML LSCs defined by these assays. We also consider whether CML LSCs are susceptible to targeting by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other drugs, and whether elimination of CML LSCs is needed to achieve therapy-free remission or cure CML.
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Biological Aspects of mTOR in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082396. [PMID: 30110936 PMCID: PMC6121663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central processor of intra- and extracellular signals, regulating many fundamental cellular processes such as metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Strong evidences have indicated that mTOR dysregulation is deeply implicated in leukemogenesis. This has led to growing interest in the development of modulators of its activity for leukemia treatment. This review intends to provide an outline of the principal biological and molecular functions of mTOR. We summarize the current understanding of how mTOR interacts with microRNAs, with components of cell metabolism, and with controllers of apoptotic machinery. Lastly, from a clinical/translational perspective, we recapitulate the therapeutic results in leukemia, obtained by using mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination with other compounds.
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Ling Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Huang Z. Protein Kinase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Drugs in AML: Advances and Challenges. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:4303-4310. [PMID: 28671056 PMCID: PMC6302345 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170703164114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood disorder and the cure rate has been remarkably improved over the past decade. However, recurrent or refractory leu-kemia remains the major problem of the AML and no clearly effective therapy has been es-tablished so far. Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are both far dissatisfying the patients partly for their individual variety. Be-sides, conventional treatments usually have many side effects to result in poor prognosis. Therefore, an urgent need is necessary to update therapies of AML. To date, protein kinase inhibitors as new drugs offer hope for AML treatment and many of them are on clinical tri-als. Here, this review will provide a brief summary of protein kinase inhibitors investigated in AML thus far, mainly including tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors and serine/threonine kinase inhibitors. We also presented the sketch of signal pathways involving protein kinase inhibitors, as well as discussed the clinical applications and the challenges of inhibitors in AML treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zikang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China.,China-America Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
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Li L, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiong G, Wang L, Bao C. TRIM22 knockdown suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1192-1199. [PMID: 29762880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) is reported to participate in numerous cellular activities. Recent studies confirm that TRIM22 is a target gene for P53, and inhibits clonogenic growth of leukemic U-937 cells. The current study aims to discover the effect of TRIM22 in progression of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore the related mechanism. TRIM22 was knocked down by siRNA transfection in CML cell K562. We observed that TRIM22 knockdown decreased proliferation and invasion in K562 cells. TRIM22 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the level of CDK4, Cyclin D1, P70S6K, and P53 in K562 cell. Moreover, loss of TRIM22 also promoted apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2, Bax and active Caspase 3 in K562 cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRIM22 knockdown inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by decreasing the level of the phosphorylated form p-Akt and p-mTOR in K562 cell. In conclusion, loss of TRIM22 suppresses the progression and invasion of CML through regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that TRIM22 might be as a potential target for the treatment strategy of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Li
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Research Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Institute of Experimental Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
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Dasatinib-Loaded Erythrocytes Trigger Apoptosis in Untreated Chronic Myelogenous Leukemic Cells: A Cellular Reservoir Participating in Dasatinib Efficiency. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e41. [PMID: 31723769 PMCID: PMC6745996 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Dasatinib is an ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with a short in vivo plasmatic half-life but with good efficiency, which is not fully understood. We investigated the possibility that circulating erythrocytes store and then provide dasatinib to target cells. In vitro coincubation of dasatinib-treated cells with naïve leukemic cells followed by analysis of kinase inhibition, apoptosis induction, fluorescent molecule exchanges, and dasatinib dosage were performed. Cells incubated with clinically relevant concentrations of dasatinib for a short time retained, after a washout procedure, an intracellular pool of dasatinib which was transferable to naïve BCR-ABL1 expressing cells and induced their apoptosis. This was verified in total blood where the huge cellular volume of erythrocytes constituted a large reservoir of dasatinib able to induce apoptosis in naïve BCR-ABL1 cell lines and primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) CD34+ cells. This dasatinib transfer necessitated a contact between donor and acceptor cells. A component exchange occurred during this contact, carrying dasatinib and other TKIs such as nilotinib or the fluorescent sunitinib. An active pool of dasatinib could be buried inside the circulating erythrocytes, out of reach of detoxifying mechanisms, but still available for target cells and thus extending the acute effect of the plasmatic pool of the drug.
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Mitchell R, Hopcroft LEM, Baquero P, Allan EK, Hewit K, James D, Hamilton G, Mukhopadhyay A, O’Prey J, Hair A, Melo JV, Chan E, Ryan KM, Maguer-Satta V, Druker BJ, Clark RE, Mitra S, Herzyk P, Nicolini FE, Salomoni P, Shanks E, Calabretta B, Holyoake TL, Helgason GV. Targeting BCR-ABL-Independent TKI Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by mTOR and Autophagy Inhibition. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:467-478. [PMID: 29165716 PMCID: PMC5946859 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imatinib and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) nilotinib and dasatinib have statistically significantly improved the life expectancy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients; however, resistance to TKIs remains a major clinical challenge. Although ponatinib, a third-generation TKI, improves outcomes for patients with BCR-ABL-dependent mechanisms of resistance, including the T315I mutation, a proportion of patients may have or develop BCR-ABL-independent resistance and fail ponatinib treatment. By modeling ponatinib resistance and testing samples from these CML patients, it is hoped that an alternative drug target can be identified and inhibited with a novel compound. Methods Two CML cell lines with acquired BCR-ABL-independent resistance were generated following culture in ponatinib. RNA sequencing and gene ontology (GO) enrichment were used to detect aberrant transcriptional response in ponatinib-resistant cells. A validated oncogene drug library was used to identify US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with activity against TKI-resistant cells. Validation was performed using bone marrow (BM)-derived cells from TKI-resistant patients (n = 4) and a human xenograft mouse model (n = 4-6 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results We show that ponatinib-resistant CML cells can acquire BCR-ABL-independent resistance mediated through alternative activation of mTOR. Following transcriptomic analysis and drug screening, we highlight mTOR inhibition as an alternative therapeutic approach in TKI-resistant CML cells. Additionally, we show that catalytic mTOR inhibitors induce autophagy and demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy sensitizes ponatinib-resistant CML cells to death induced by mTOR inhibition in vitro (% number of colonies of control[SD], NVP-BEZ235 vs NVP-BEZ235+HCQ: 45.0[17.9]% vs 24.0[8.4]%, P = .002) and in vivo (median survival of NVP-BEZ235- vs NVP-BEZ235+HCQ-treated mice: 38.5 days vs 47.0 days, P = .04). Conclusion Combined mTOR and autophagy inhibition may provide an attractive approach to target BCR-ABL-independent mechanism of resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/administration & dosage
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyridazines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mitchell
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine K Allan
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kay Hewit
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graham Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arunima Mukhopadhyay
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim O’Prey
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Hair
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Junia V Melo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Edmond Chan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Richard E Clark
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Subir Mitra
- Department of Haematology, Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Franck E Nicolini
- Hématologie Clinique 1G, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Romano C, Pennisi MS, Puma A, Manzella L, Zanghì A, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F, Vigneri P. Non ABL-directed inhibitors as alternative treatment strategies for chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:56. [PMID: 29455672 PMCID: PMC5817805 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the outcome of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients that, in large part, achieve satisfactory hematological, cytogenetic and molecular remissions. However, approximately 15-20% fail to obtain optimal responses according to the current European Leukemia Network recommendation because of drug intolerance or resistance.Moreover, a plethora of evidence suggests that Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) show BCR-ABL1-independent survival. Hence, they are unresponsive to TKIs, leading to disease relapse if pharmacological treatment is discontinued.All together, these biological events generate a subpopulation of CML patients in need of alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome TKI resistance or to eradicate LSCs in order to allow cure of the disease.In this review we update the role of "non ABL-directed inhibitors" targeting signaling pathways downstream of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein and describe immunological approaches activating specific T cell responses against CML cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Zanghì
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, Catania, 95123, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Perrotti D, Silvestri G, Stramucci L, Yu J, Trotta R. Cellular and Molecular Networks in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Leukemic Stem, Progenitor and Stromal Cell Interplay. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:377-388. [PMID: 27307150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160615074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of imatinib, second and third generation ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (i.e. dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) made CML a clinically manageable and, in a small percentage of cases, a cured disease. TKI therapy also turned CML blastic transformation into a rare event; however, disease progression still occurs in those patients who are refractory, not compliant with TKI therapy or develop resistance to multiple TKIs. In the past few years, it became clear that the BCRABL1 oncogene does not operate alone to drive disease emergence, maintenance and progression. Indeed, it seems that bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-generated signals and cell autonomous BCRABL1 kinase-independent genetic and epigenetic alterations all contribute to: i. persistence of a quiescent leukemic stem cell (LSC) reservoir, ii. innate or acquired resistance to TKIs, and iii. progression into the fatal blast crisis stage. Herein, we review the intricate leukemic network in which aberrant, but finely tuned, survival, mitogenic and self-renewal signals are generated by leukemic progenitors, stromal cells, immune cells and metabolic microenvironmental conditions (e.g. hypoxia) to promote LSC maintenance and blastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perrotti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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Long noncoding RNA HULC promotes cell proliferation by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia. Gene 2017; 607:41-46. [PMID: 28069548 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HULC is associated with various human cancers. However, the role of HULC in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is unknown. In this study, we found that HULC was remarkably overexpressed in both leukemia cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells derived from CML patients. The increase in HULC expression was positively correlated with clinical stages in CML. Moreover, the knockdown of HULC significantly inhibited CML cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by repressing c-Myc and Bcl-2. Furthermore, inhibition of HULC enhanced imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells. Further experiments demonstrated that HULC silencing markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, indicating that enhancement of imatinib-induced apoptosis by HULC inhibition is related with the reduction of c-Myc expression and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway activity. Furthermore, HULC could modulate c-Myc and Bcl-2 by miR-200a as an endogenous sponge. Taken together, these results reveal that HULC promotes oncogenesis in CML and suggest a potential strategy for the CML treatment.
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Okabe S, Tauchi T, Tanaka Y, Sakuta J, Ohyashiki K. Combination therapy with copanlisib and ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors against Philadelphia chromosome-positive resistant cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53116-53126. [PMID: 27437766 PMCID: PMC5288172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has improved the survival of patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemia. However, ABL TKIs cannot eradicate leukemia stem cells. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches for Ph-positive leukemia are needed. Aberrant activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is important for the initiation and maintenance of human cancers. Copanlisib (BAY80-6946) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα and PI3K-δ. Here we investigated the efficacy of combination therapy of copanlisib with an ABL TKI (imatinib, nilotinib, or ponatinib) using BCR-ABL-positive cells. Although the effects of the ABL TKI treatment were reduced in the presence of the feeder cell line, HS-5, copanlisib inhibited cell growth. Upon combining ABL TKI and copanlisib, cell growth was reduced. Ponatinib and copanlisib combined therapy reduced tumor volume and increased survival in mouse allograft models, respectively. These results indicate that the PI3Kα and -δ inhibitors overcame the chemoprotective effects of the feeder cells and enhanced ABL TKI cytotoxicity. Thus, co-treatment with ABL TKI and copanlisib may be a powerful strategy against ABL TKI-resistant cells, including those harboring the related T315I mutation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/administration & dosage
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyridazines/administration & dosage
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tauchi
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juri Sakuta
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Therapeutic potential of targeting sphingosine kinases and sphingosine 1-phosphate in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2016; 30:2142-2151. [PMID: 27461062 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, such as ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive molecules that have important functions in a variety of cellular processes, which include proliferation, survival, differentiation and cellular responses to stress. Sphingolipids have a major impact on the determination of cell fate by contributing to either cell survival or death. Although ceramide and sphingosine are usually considered to induce cell death, S1P promotes survival of cells. Sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) are the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of sphingosine to S1P. There are two isoforms, SPHK1 and SPHK2, which are encoded by different genes. SPHK1 has recently been implicated in contributing to cell transformation, tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread, as well as cancer cell multidrug-resistance. More recent findings suggest that SPHK2 also has a role in cancer progression. This review is an overview of our understanding of the role of SPHKs and S1P in hematopoietic malignancies and provides information on the current status of SPHK inhibitors with respect to their therapeutic potential in the treatment of hematological cancers.
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YU FENG, ZHAO JING, HU YUNHUI, ZHOU YANG, GUO RONG, BAI JINGCHAO, ZHANG SHENG, ZHANG HUILAI, ZHANG JIN. The combination of NVP-BKM120 with trastuzumab or RAD001 synergistically inhibits the growth of breast cancer stem cells in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:356-64. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dinner S, Platanias LC. Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1745-52. [PMID: 27018341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal function of multiple intracellular signaling pathways is essential for normal regulation of cellular transcription, translation, growth, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation or aberrant activation of such cascades can lead to inappropriate cell survival and abnormal cell proliferation in leukemia. Successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the BCR-ABL fusion gene is a prime example of effectively inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades. However, even in these patients resistance can develop via emergence of mutations or feedback activation of other pathways that cause refractory disease. Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been observed in different types of leukemia, including CML, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Abnormal mTOR activity may contribute to chemotherapy resistance, while it may also be effectively targeted via molecular means and/or development of specific pharmacological inhibitors. This review discusses the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR dysre-gulation in leukemia and summarizes the emergence of preliminary data for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1745-1752, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Dinner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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Effects of PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 on overcoming drug resistance and eliminating cancer stem cells in human breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2020. [PMID: 26673665 PMCID: PMC4720896 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype often accompanies activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, which renders a survival signal to withstand cytotoxic anticancer drugs and enhances cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. As a result, PI3K/AKT-blocking approaches have been proposed as antineoplastic strategies, and inhibitors of PI3K/AKT are currently being trailed clinically in breast cancer patients. However, the effects of PI3K inhibitors on MDR breast cancers have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the tumorigenic properties of three MDR breast cancer cell lines to a selective inhibitor of PI3K, NVP-BKM120 (BKM120), were assessed. We found that BKM120 showed a significant cytotoxic activity on MDR breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. When doxorubicin (DOX) was combined with BKM120, strong synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed. BKM120 activity induced the blockage of PI3K/AKT signaling and NF-κB expression, which in turn led to activate caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 and changed the expression of several apoptosis-related gene expression. Furthermore, BKM120 effectively eliminated CSC subpopulation and reduced sphere formation of these drug-resistant cells. Our findings indicate that BKM120 partially overcomes the MDR phenotype in chemoresistant breast cancer through cell apoptosis induction and CSC abolishing, which appears to be mediated by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis. This offers a strong rationale to explore the therapeutic strategy of using BKM120 alone or in combination for chemotherapy-nonresponsive breast cancer patients.
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Inhibition of Ras-mediated signaling pathways in CML stem cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:407-18. [PMID: 26458816 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein in cells with a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin. BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase activity leads to constitutive activation of Ras, which in turn acts as a branch point to initiate multiple downstream signaling pathways governing proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis. As aberrant regulation of these cellular processes causes transformation and disease progression particularly in advanced stages of CML, investigation of these signaling pathways may uncover new therapeutic targets for the selective eradication of CML stem cells. Transcription factors play a crucial role in unbalancing the Ras signaling network and have recently been investigated as potential modulators in this regard. In this review, we first briefly summarize the Ras-associated molecular pathways that are involved in the regulation of CML stem cell properties. Next we discuss the relevance of Ras-associated transcription factors as nuclear targets in combination treatment strategies for CML. CONCLUSIONS A closer investigation of the influence of Ras-mediated signaling pathways on CML progression to blast crisis is warranted to uncover new directions for targeted therapies, particularly in cases that are resistant to current tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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[Advances in leukemia inhibitors targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2015; 36:888-93. [PMID: 26477776 PMCID: PMC7364943 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Wang WZ, Pu QH, Lin XH, Liu MY, Wu LR, Wu QQ, Chen YH, Liao FF, Zhu JY, Jin XB. Silencing of miR-21 sensitizes CML CD34+ stem/progenitor cells to imatinib-induced apoptosis by blocking PI3K/AKT pathway. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1117-24. [PMID: 26248946 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib fails to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs), the underlying mechanisms maintaining CML LSCs remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that transient inhibition of miR-21 by antagomiR-21 markedly increased imatinib-induced apoptosis in CML, but not normal CD34+ stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitors also significantly sensitized CML CD34+ cells to imatinib-induced apoptosis. MiR-21 or PI3K inhibitor in combination with imatinib treatment significantly decreased AKT phosphorylation and c-Myc expression than either agent did alone, but did not affect Bim and Bcl-6 expresssion. These findings indicate that miR-21 is required for maintaining the imatinib-resistant phenotype of CML CD34+ cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus providing the basis for a promising therapeutic approach to eliminate CML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Hong Pu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Lin
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Yu Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Heng Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Fang Liao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Bertacchini J, Heidari N, Mediani L, Capitani S, Shahjahani M, Ahmadzadeh A, Saki N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR network for treatment of leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2337-47. [PMID: 25712020 PMCID: PMC11113278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been observed in a huge number of malignancies. This pathway can function as a prosurvival factor in leukemia stem cells and early committed leukemic precursors and its inhibition is regarded as a therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to evaluate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors used in leukemia models. DISCUSSION Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been reported to have beneficial therapeutic effects in leukemias, both in vitro in leukemia cell lines and in vivo in animal models. Overall, the use of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, dual Akt/RTK inhibitor, Akt inhibitor, selective inhibitor of PI3K, mTOR inhibitor and dual PI3K/PDK1 inhibitor in CML, AML, APL, CLL, B-ALL and T-ALL has a better therapeutic effect than conventional treatments. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may have pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects on hematological malignancies. Furthermore, modulation of miRNA can be used as a novel therapeutic approach to regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. However, both aspects require further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nazanin Heidari
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Xia P, Xu XY. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer stem cells: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1602-1609. [PMID: 26175931 PMCID: PMC4497429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that possess unique self-renewal activity and mediate tumor initiation and propagation. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. More and more recent studies have shown the links between PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and CSC biology. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of signaling components upstream and downstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in CSC. In addition, we also summarize various classes of small molecule inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and their clinical potential in CSC. Overall, the current available data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway could be a promising target for development of CSC-target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Liaoning Medical UniversityJinzhou 121000, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Abstract
At least several types of human haematological malignancies can now be seen as 'stem-cell diseases'. The best-studied in this context is acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It has been shown that these diseases are driven by a pool of 'leukaemia stem cells (LSC)', which remain in the quiescent state, have the capacity to survive and self-renew, and are responsible for the recurrence of cancer after classical chemotherapy. It has been understood that LSC must be eliminated in order to cure patients suffering from haematological cancers. Recent advances in LSC research have allowed for description of LSC phenotype and identification of potential targets for anti-LSC therapies. This concise review summarises the current view on LSC biology and targeted approaches against LSC.
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