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Skalka GL, Tsakovska M, Murphy DJ. Kinase signalling adaptation supports dysfunctional mitochondria in disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1354682. [PMID: 38434478 PMCID: PMC10906720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1354682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a critical control nexus which are essential for maintaining correct tissue homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of mitochondria as a driver in cancer. However, which pathways support and promote this adapted mitochondrial function? A key hallmark of cancer is perturbation of kinase signalling pathways. These pathways include mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), lipid secondary messenger networks, cyclic-AMP-activated (cAMP)/AMP-activated kinases (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) networks. These signalling pathways have multiple substrates which support initiation and persistence of cancer. Many of these are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), and retrograde ROS signalling. This review will aim to both explore how kinase signalling integrates with these critical mitochondrial pathways and highlight how these systems can be usurped to support the development of disease. In addition, we will identify areas which require further investigation to fully understand the complexities of these regulatory interactions. Overall, this review will emphasize how studying the interaction between kinase signalling and mitochondria improves our understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and can yield novel therapeutic targets to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tsakovska
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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2
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Nadel G, Maik-Rachline G, Seger R. JNK Cascade-Induced Apoptosis-A Unique Role in GqPCR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13527. [PMID: 37686335 PMCID: PMC10487481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of cells to extracellular signals is mediated by a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that determine stimulus-dependent cell fates. One such pathway is the cJun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) cascade, which is mainly involved in stress-related processes. The cascade transmits its signals via a sequential activation of protein kinases, organized into three to five tiers. Proper regulation is essential for securing a proper cell fate after stimulation, and the mechanisms that regulate this cascade may involve the following: (1) Activatory or inhibitory phosphorylations, which induce or abolish signal transmission. (2) Regulatory dephosphorylation by various phosphatases. (3) Scaffold proteins that bring distinct components of the cascade in close proximity to each other. (4) Dynamic change of subcellular localization of the cascade's components. (5) Degradation of some of the components. In this review, we cover these regulatory mechanisms and emphasize the mechanism by which the JNK cascade transmits apoptotic signals. We also describe the newly discovered PP2A switch, which is an important mechanism for JNK activation that induces apoptosis downstream of the Gq protein coupled receptors. Since the JNK cascade is involved in many cellular processes that determine cell fate, addressing its regulatory mechanisms might reveal new ways to treat JNK-dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (G.N.); (G.M.-R.)
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Rushing BR, Fogle HM, Sharma J, You M, McCormac JP, Molina S, Sumner S, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. Exploratory Metabolomics Underscores the Folate Enzyme ALDH1L1 as a Regulator of Glycine and Methylation Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238394. [PMID: 36500483 PMCID: PMC9740053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is involved in one-carbon transfer reactions and plays a significant role in nucleic acid synthesis and control of cellular proliferation, among other key cellular processes. It is now recognized that the role of folates in different stages of carcinogenesis is complex, and more research is needed to understand how folate reactions become dysregulated in cancers and the metabolic consequences that occur as a result. ALDH1L1 (cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase), an enzyme of folate metabolism expressed in many tissues, is ubiquitously downregulated in cancers and is not expressed in cancer cell lines. The RT4 cell line (derived from papillary bladder cancer) which expresses high levels of ALDH1L1 represents an exception, providing an opportunity to explore the metabolic consequences of the loss of this enzyme. We have downregulated this protein in RT4 cells (shRNA driven knockdown or CRISPR driven knockout) and compared metabolomes of ALDH1L1-expressing and -deficient cells to determine if metabolic changes linked to the loss of this enzyme might provide proliferative and/or survival advantages for cancer cells. In this study, cell extracts were analyzed using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS). A total of 13,339 signals were identified or annotated using an in-house library and public databases. Supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis revealed metabolic differences between RT4 cells and ALDH1L1-deficient clones. Glycine (8-fold decrease) and metabolites derived from S-adenosylmethionine utilizing pathways were significantly decreased in the ALDH1L1-deficient clones, compared with RT4 cells. Other changes linked to ALDH1L1 downregulation include decreased levels of amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates, and ribose-5-phosphate, and increased nicotinic acid. While the ALDH1L1-catalyzed reaction is directly linked to glycine biosynthesis and methyl group flux, its overall effect on cellular metabolism extends beyond immediate metabolic pathways controlled by this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Halle M. Fogle
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mikyoung You
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.K.)
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Wang Y, Huang D, Song T, Qi X, Li M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Yang M. Andrographolide elevates tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand lethality through reactive oxygen species accumulation and gasdermin E cleavage in breast cancer cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:11. [PMID: 36352155 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is selectively lethal to cancer cells and harmless to normal cells, making it a potential agent for cancer therapy. However, some breast cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. This study revealed that andrographolide (Andro), an extract from Andrographis paniculate, a natural compound, sensitized breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced tumor suppression; it identified apoptosis-associated protein regulation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondria membrane potential disruption, caspase cascade activation, and gasdermin-E cleavage to be involved in the tumor lethality mediated by Andro combined with TRAIL treatment. The flow cytometry results showed the combination of Andro and TRAIL repressed breast cancer cells by cell death induction, and the assessment of combined index indicated that the combined treatment with Andro and TRAIL repressed breast cancer cells synergistically. Blotting results displayed Andro and TRAIL combination elevated TRAIL-associated receptors, death receptors 4 and 5, at protein levels. These results provided critical insight into breast cancer patients' therapy and exploration direction for TRAIL clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Gehrke N, Wörns MA, Mann A, Hövelmeyer N, Waisman A, Straub BK, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Hepatocyte Bcl-3 protects from death-receptor mediated apoptosis and subsequent acute liver failure. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:510. [PMID: 35641486 PMCID: PMC9156769 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare entity but exhibits a high mortality. The mechanisms underlying ALF are not completely understood. The present study explored the role of the hepatic B cell leukemia-3 (Bcl-3), a transcriptional regulator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), in two independent models of ALF. We employed a recently developed transgenic mouse model in a C57BL6/J background comparing wild-type (WT) and transgenic littermates with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Bcl-3 (Bcl-3Hep) in the ALF model of d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the apoptosis-inducing CD95 (FAS/APO-1)-ligand was explored. Bcl-3Hep mice exhibited a significant protection from ALF with decreased serum transaminases, decreased activation of the apoptotic caspases 8, 9, and 3, lower rates of oxidative stress, B-cell lymphoma 2 like 1 (BCL2L1/BCL-XL) degradation and accompanying mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and ultimately a decreased mortality rate from d-GalN/LPS compared to WT mice. d-GalN/LPS treatment resulted in a marked inflammatory cytokine release and stimulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling comparably in the hepatic compartment of Bcl-3Hep and WT mice. However, in contrast to the WT, Bcl-3Hep mice showed a diminished rate of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-β) degradation, persistent receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 function and thus prolonged cytoprotective nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 signaling through increased p65 stability and enhanced transcription. Likewise, Bcl-3 overexpression in hepatocytes protected from ALF with massive hepatocyte apoptosis induced by the anti-FAS antibody Jo2. The protection was also linked to IKK-β stabilization. Overall, our study showed that Bcl-3 rendered hepatocytes more resistant to hepatotoxicity induced by d-GalN/LPS and FAS-ligand. Therefore, Bcl-3 appears to be a critical regulator of the dynamics in ALF through IKK-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Murata K, Fujita N, Takahashi R. Ninjinyoeito ameliorated cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis and inflammation through JNK signaling inhibition in human lung fibroblasts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:96. [PMID: 35361188 PMCID: PMC8973640 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for various lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ninjinyoeito (NYT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been prescribed for patients with post-illness or post-operative weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, rash, cold limbs, and anemia. In addition to its traditional use, NYT has been prescribed for treating frailty in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary functions. Further, NYT treatment can ameliorate cigarette smoke-induced lung injury, which is a destructive index in mice; however, the detailed underlying mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether NYT ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced cell injury and inflammation in human lung fibroblasts and determine its mechanism of action. METHODS We prepared a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) from commercially available cigarettes to induce cell injury and inflammation in the human lung fibroblast cell line HFL1. The cells were pretreated with NYT for 24 h prior to CSE exposure. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and cell counting kit (CCK)-8. IL-8 level in the cell culture medium was measured by performing Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). To clarify the mechanisms of NYT, we used CellROX Green Reagent for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and western blotting analysis for cell signaling. RESULTS Exposure of HFL1 cells to CSE for 24 h induced apoptosis and interleukin (IL)-8 release. Pretreatment with NYT inhibited apoptosis and IL-8 release. Furthermore, CSE exposure for 24 h increased the production of ROS and phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK. Pretreatment with NYT only inhibited CSE-induced JNK phosphorylation, and not ROS production and p38 phosphorylation. These results suggest that NYT acts as a JNK-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSION NYT treatment ameliorated CSE-induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Finally, these results suggest that NYT may be a promising therapeutic agent for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Murata
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan.
| | - Nina Fujita
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., 3-1 Kanebo-machi, Takaoka-City, Toyama, 933-0856, Japan
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7
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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Krupenko NI, Sharma J, Fogle HM, Pediaditakis P, Strickland KC, Du X, Helke KL, Sumner S, Krupenko SA. Knockout of Putative Tumor Suppressor Aldh1l1 in Mice Reprograms Metabolism to Accelerate Growth of Tumors in a Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) Model of Liver Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133219. [PMID: 34203215 PMCID: PMC8268287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancers often loose the enzyme of folate metabolism ALDH1L1. We proposed that such loss is advantageous for the malignant tumor growth and tested this hypothesis in mice proficient or deficient (gene knockout) in ALDH1L1 expression. Liver cancer in both groups was induced by injection of chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. While the number of tumors observed in ALDH1L1 proficient and deficient mice was similar, tumors grew faster and to a larger size in the knockout mice. We conclude that the ALDH1L1 loss promotes liver tumor growth without affecting tumor initiation or multiplicity. Accelerated growth of tumors lacking the enzyme was linked to several metabolic pathways, which are beneficial for rapid proliferation. Abstract Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) is commonly downregulated in human cancers through promoter methylation. We proposed that ALDH1L1 loss promotes malignant tumor growth. Here, we investigated the effect of the Aldh1l1 mouse knockout (Aldh1l1−/−) on hepatocellular carcinoma using a chemical carcinogenesis model. Fifteen-day-old male Aldh1l1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermate controls (Aldh1l1+/+) were injected intraperitoneally with 20 μg/g body weight of DEN (diethylnitrosamine). Mice were sacrificed 10, 20, 28, and 36 weeks post-DEN injection, and livers were examined for tumor multiplicity and size. We observed that while tumor multiplicity did not differ between Aldh1l1−/− and Aldh1l1+/+ animals, larger tumors grew in Aldh1l1−/− compared to Aldh1l1+/+ mice at 28 and 36 weeks. Profound differences between Aldh1l1−/− and Aldh1l1+/+ mice in the expression of inflammation-related genes were seen at 10 and 20 weeks. Of note, large tumors from wild-type mice showed a strong decrease of ALDH1L1 protein at 36 weeks. Metabolomic analysis of liver tissues at 20 weeks showed stronger differences in Aldh1l1+/+ versus Aldh1l1−/− metabotypes than at 10 weeks, which underscores metabolic pathways that respond to DEN in an ALDH1L1-dependent manner. Our study indicates that Aldh1l1 knockout promoted liver tumor growth without affecting tumor initiation or multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Halle M. Fogle
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Pediaditakis
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Xiuxia Du
- Department of Bioinformatics & Genomics, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.I.K.); (S.S.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; (J.S.); (H.M.F.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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LaFavers KA, Macedo E, Garimella PS, Lima C, Khan S, Myslinski J, McClintick J, Witzmann FA, Winfree S, Phillips CL, Hato T, Dagher PC, Wu XR, El-Achkar TM, Micanovic R. Circulating uromodulin inhibits systemic oxidative stress by inactivating the TRPM2 channel. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/512/eaaw3639. [PMID: 31578243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High serum concentrations of kidney-derived protein uromodulin [Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)] have recently been shown to be independently associated with low mortality in both older adults and cardiac patients, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that THP inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the kidney and systemically. Consistent with this experimental data, the concentration of circulating THP in patients with surgery-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) correlated with systemic oxidative damage. THP in the serum dropped after AKI and was associated with an increase in systemic ROS. The increase in oxidant injury correlated with postsurgical mortality and need for dialysis. Mechanistically, THP inhibited the activation of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2) channel. Furthermore, inhibition of TRPM2 in vivo in a mouse model mitigated the systemic increase in ROS during AKI and THP deficiency. Our results suggest that THP is a key regulator of systemic oxidative stress by suppressing TRPM2 activity, and our findings might help explain how circulating THP deficiency is linked with poor outcomes and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaice A LaFavers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Etienne Macedo
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Camila Lima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403, Brazil
| | - Shehnaz Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jered Myslinski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jeanette McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Frank A Witzmann
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Seth Winfree
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carrie L Phillips
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Takashi Hato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs, New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Radmila Micanovic
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Nishida T, Yamaguchi M, Tatara Y, Kashiwakura I. Proteomic changes by radio-mitigative thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim in the blood of mice exposed to lethal total-body irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1125-1134. [PMID: 32602419 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1787546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim (RP) is a therapeutic agent for immune thrombocytopenia that can achieve complete survival in mice exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation. The estimated mechanism of the radio-protective/mitigative effects of RP has been proposed; however, the detailed mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of the radio-protective/mitigative effects of RP, the fluctuation of protein in the blood was analyzed by proteomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups; control at day 0, total-body irradiation (TBI) groups at day 10 and day 18, and TBI plus RP groups at day 10 and day18, consisting of 3 mice per group, and subjected to TBI with 7 Gy of 137Cs γ-rays at a dose rate of 0.74 Gy/min. RP was administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dose of 50 µg/kg once daily for 3 days starting 2 hours after TBI. On day 10 and day 18 after TBI, serum collected from each mouse was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Nine proteins were identified by proteomics methods from 269 analyzed proteins detected in mice exposed to a lethal dose of TBI: keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPIA), glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), regucalcin (RGN), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (ALDOB) and betain-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 (BHMT). On the 10th day after TBI, KRT1 was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by 4.26-fold compared to the control group in the TBI group and significantly inhibited in the TBI plus RP group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the expression levels of other 8 proteins detected at 18th day after TBI were significantly increased by 4.29 to 27.44-fold in the TBI group, but significantly decreased in the TBI plus RP group compared to the TBI group, respectively. CONCLUSION Nine proteins were identified by proteomics methods from 269 analyzed proteins detected in mice exposed to a lethal dose of TBI. These proteins are also expected to be indicators of the damage induced by high-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nishida
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
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11
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Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072346. [PMID: 32231094 PMCID: PMC7177758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
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12
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Hu Z, Yang R, Li L, Mao L, Liu S, Qiao S, Ren G, Hu J. Validation of Gene Profiles for Analysis of Regional Lymphatic Metastases in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 32118031 PMCID: PMC7010860 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is dependent on both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and immune suppression. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of CSCs and the characteristic immune suppression status in HNSCC primary tumors and lymph nodes. A total of 303 lymph nodes from 25 patients, as well as tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples, were evaluated by a quantitative PCR assay of the markers of CSCs and the characteristic immune suppression. Expressions of selected genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were also analyzed. In the primary tumors, we found that expressions of CSCs markers (ALDH1L1, PECAM1, PROM1) were down-regulated, while immune suppression markers FOXP3, CD47, EGFR, SOX2, and TGFB1 were up-regulated significantly when compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. In the lymph nodes, expressions of both CSCs, and immune suppression markers were upregulated significantly compared with that in primary tumors. The mRNA expression of selected CSCs and immune suppression markers exhibited the highest expression in the level II of metastasis, then declined in the level III and remained constant at a reduced value in levels IV and V of metastases. These results reveal a comprehensive understanding of the unique genetic characteristics associated with metastatic loci and potential routes of lymphatic dissemination of HNSCC, which helps to explain why the level II has a high incidence of lymph node metastasis, and why skip metastasis straight to the level IV or level V is rarely found in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Hu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Yang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Mao
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Implantology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Ren
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Hu
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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13
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Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184354. [PMID: 31491919 PMCID: PMC6770252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a grave problem nowadays in view of the fact that it has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Poor clinical prognosis is presumably due to cancer cells metabolism as tumor microenvironment is affected by oxidative stress. This event triggers adequate cellular response and thereby creates appropriate conditions for further cancer progression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the balance between an ability of the ER to fold and transfer proteins and the degradation of the misfolded ones become distorted. Since ER is an organelle relatively sensitive to oxidative damage, aforementioned conditions swiftly cause the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The output of the UPR, depending on numerous factors, may vary and switch between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic branch, and hence it displays opposing effects in deciding the fate of the cancer cell. The role of UPR-related proteins in tumorigenesis, such as binding the immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) or the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), has already been specifically described so far. Nevertheless, due to the paradoxical outcomes of the UPR activation as well as gaps in current knowledge, it still needs to be further investigated. Herein we would like to elicit the actual link between neoplastic diseases and the UPR signaling pathway, considering its major branches and discussing its potential use in the development of a novel, anti-cancer, targeted therapy.
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14
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Loss of ALDH1L1 folate enzyme confers a selective metabolic advantage for tumor progression. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:149-155. [PMID: 30794800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ALDH1L1 (cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase) is the enzyme in folate metabolism commonly downregulated in human cancers. One of the mechanisms of the enzyme downregulation is methylation of the promoter of the ALDH1L1 gene. Recent studies underscored ALDH1L1 as a candidate tumor suppressor and potential marker of aggressive cancers. In agreement with the ALDH1L1 loss in cancer, its re-expression leads to inhibition of proliferation and to apoptosis, but also affects migration and invasion of cancer cells through a specific folate-dependent mechanism involved in invasive phenotype. A growing body of literature evaluated the prognostic value of ALDH1L1 expression for cancer disease, the regulatory role of the enzyme in cellular proliferation, and associated metabolic and signaling cellular responses. Overall, there is a strong indication that the ALDH1L1 silencing provides metabolic advantage for tumor progression at a later stage when unlimited proliferation and enhanced motility become critical processes for the tumor expansion. Whether the ALDH1L1 loss is involved in tumor initiation is still an open question.
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15
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Khan QA, Pediaditakis P, Malakhau Y, Esmaeilniakooshkghazi A, Ashkavand Z, Sereda V, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. CHIP E3 ligase mediates proteasomal degradation of the proliferation regulatory protein ALDH1L1 during the transition of NIH3T3 fibroblasts from G0/G1 to S-phase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199699. [PMID: 29979702 PMCID: PMC6034817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ALDH1L1 is a folate-metabolizing enzyme abundant in liver and several other tissues. In human cancers and cell lines derived from malignant tumors, the ALDH1L1 gene is commonly silenced through the promoter methylation. It was suggested that ALDH1L1 limits proliferation capacity of the cell and thus functions as putative tumor suppressor. In contrast to cancer cells, mouse cell lines NIH3T3 and AML12 do express the ALDH1L1 protein. In the present study, we show that the levels of ALDH1L1 in these cell lines fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. During S-phase, ALDH1L1 is markedly down regulated at the protein level. As the cell cultures become confluent and cells experience increased contact inhibition, ALDH1L1 accumulates in the cells. In agreement with this finding, NIH3T3 cells arrested in G1/S-phase by a thymidine block completely lose the ALDH1L1 protein. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevents such loss in proliferating NIH3T3 cells, suggesting the proteasomal degradation of the ALDH1L1 protein. The co-localization of ALDH1L1 with proteasomes, demonstrated by confocal microscopy, supports this mechanism. We further show that ALDH1L1 interacts with the chaperone-dependent E3 ligase CHIP, which plays a key role in the ALDH1L1 ubiquitination and degradation. In NIH3T3 cells, silencing of CHIP by siRNA halts, while transient expression of CHIP promotes, the ALDH1L1 loss. The downregulation of ALDH1L1 is associated with the accumulation of the ALDH1L1 substrate 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, which is required for de novo purine biosynthesis, a key pathway activated in S-phase. Overall, our data indicate that CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of ALDH1L1 facilitates cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim A. Khan
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Pediaditakis
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuryi Malakhau
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amin Esmaeilniakooshkghazi
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Valentin Sereda
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Natalia I. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sergey A. Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a diverse set of signaling proteins and adaptors, JNKs regulate cell proliferation, invasive migration, therapy resistance, and programmed cell death. JNKs have been shown to play a role in apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic programmed cell death mechanisms including those of necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Most of the tumorigenic regulatory functions of JNKs can be related to their ability to module cell death via these programmed cell death mechanisms. JNKs stimulate or inhibit cell death in a context-dependent manner by stimulating the expression of specific genes as well as by modulating the activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins through distinct phosphorylation events. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of JNK in programmed cell death and its impact on cancer growth, progression, and therapy.
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17
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Ambroise G, Portier A, Roders N, Arnoult D, Vazquez A. Subcellular localization of PUMA regulates its pro-apoptotic activity in Burkitt's lymphoma B cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38181-94. [PMID: 26431330 PMCID: PMC4741992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only protein PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a major regulator of apoptosis. It belongs to the Bcl-2 family of proteins responsible for maintaining mitochondrial outer membrane integrity by controlling the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. We describe here a new pathway regulating PUMA activation through the control of its subcellular distribution. Surprisingly, neither PUMA upregulation in normal activated human B lymphocytes nor high levels of PUMA in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were associated with cell death. We show that PUMA is localized to the cytosol in these cells. By contrast, various apoptosis-triggering signals were found to promote the translocation of PUMA to the mitochondria in these cells, leading to their death by apoptosis. This apoptosis was associated with the binding of mitochondrial PUMA to anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. This translocation was caspase-independent but was prevented by inhibiting or knocking down the expression of the MAPK kinase p38. Our data suggest that the accumulation of PUMA in the cytosol may be important for the participation of this protein in apoptosis without the need for prior transcription. This regulatory pathway may be an important feature of differentiation and tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorbatchev Ambroise
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Alain Portier
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Roders
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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18
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JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Yang P, Reece EA, Wang F, Gabbay-Benziv R. Decoding the oxidative stress hypothesis in diabetic embryopathy through proapoptotic kinase signaling. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:569-79. [PMID: 25434839 PMCID: PMC4417047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes-induced birth defects occur in 6-10% of babies born to mothers with pregestational diabetes, representing a significant maternal-fetal health problem. Currently, these congenital malformations represent a significant maternal-fetal medicine issue, but are likely to create an even greater public health threat as 3 million women of reproductive age (19-44 years) have diabetes in the United States alone, and this number is expected to double by 2030. Neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects are the most common types of birth defects associated with maternal diabetes. Animal studies have revealed that embryos under hyperglycemic conditions exhibit high levels of oxidative stress resulting from enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant capability. Oxidative stress activates a set of proapoptotic kinase signaling intermediates leading to abnormal cell death in the embryonic neural tube, which causes NTD formation. Work in animal models also has revealed that maternal diabetes triggers a series of signaling intermediates: protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, PKCα, βII and δ; apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2; caspase; and apoptosis. Specifically, maternal diabetes in rodent models activates the proapoptotic unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. A reciprocal causation between JNK1/2 activation and ER stress exists in diabetic embryopathy. Molecular studies further demonstrate that deletion of the genes for Prkc, Ask1, Jnk1, or Jnk2 abolishes maternal diabetes-induced neural progenitor apoptosis and ameliorates NTD formation. Similar preventive effects are also observed when apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, JNK1/2, or ER stress is inhibited. Cell membrane stabilizers and antioxidant supplements are also effective in prevention of diabetes-induced birth defects. Mechanistic studies have revealed important insights into our understanding the cause of diabetic embryopathy and have provided a basis for future interventions against birth defects or other pregnancy complications associated with maternal diabetes. The knowledge of a molecular pathway map identified in animal studies has created unique opportunities to identify molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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