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Zhang H, Zheng T, Qin C, Zhang X, Lin H, Huang X, Liu Q, Chang S, Zhang L, Guo J, Zhang Y, Bian C, Liu H. CCT6A promotes cell proliferation in colon cancer by targeting BIRC5 associated with p53 status. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00806-3. [PMID: 38997438 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Chaperonin-containing TCP1 (CCT) is a multi-subunit complex, known to participate the correct folding of many proteins. Currently, the mechanism underlying CCT subunits in cancer progression is incompletely understood. Based on data analysis, the expression of CCT subunit 6 A (CCT6A) is found higher than the other subunits of CCT and correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer. Here, we find CCT6A silencing suppresses colon cancer proliferation and survival phenotype in vitro and in vivo. CCT6A plays a role in cellular process, including the cell cycle, p53, and apoptosis signaling pathways. Further investigations have shown direct binding between CCT6A and both Wtp53 and Mutp53, and BIRC5 is found to act downstream of CCT6A. The highlight is that CCT6A inhibition significantly reduces BIRC5 expression independent of Wtp53 levels in Wtp53 cells. Conversely, in Mutp53 cells, downregulation of BIRC5 by CCT6A inhibition mainly depends on Mutp53 levels. Additionally, combined CCT6A inhibition and Wtp53 overexpression in Mutp53 cell lines effectively suppresses cell proliferation. It is concluded CCT6A is a potential oncogene that influences BIRC5 through distinct pathways in Wtp53 and Mutp53 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Zheng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shichuan Chang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxiang Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Teacher's College, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huawen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Cheng S, Fleishman JS, Chen J, Tang H, Chen ZS, Chen W, Ding M. Targeting anoikis resistance as a strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101099. [PMID: 38850692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anoikis, known as matrix detachment-induced apoptosis or detachment-induced cell death, is crucial for tissue development and homeostasis. Cancer cells develop means to evade anoikis, e.g. anoikis resistance, thereby allowing for cells to survive under anchorage-independent conditions. Uncovering the mechanisms of anoikis resistance will provide details about cancer metastasis, and potential strategies against cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Here, we summarize the principal elements and core molecular mechanisms of anoikis and anoikis resistance. We discuss the latest progress of how anoikis and anoikis resistance are regulated in cancers. Furthermore, we summarize emerging data on selective compounds and nanomedicines, explaining how inhibiting anoikis resistance can serve as a meaningful treatment modality against cancers. Finally, we discuss the key limitations of this therapeutic paradigm and possible strategies to overcome them. In this review, we suggest that pharmacological modulation of anoikis and anoikis resistance by bioactive compounds could surmount anoikis resistance, highlighting a promising therapeutic regimen that could be used to overcome anoikis resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sihang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingchao Ding
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, China.
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3
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Burgermeister S, Stoykova S, Krebs FS, Zoete V, Mbefo M, Egervari K, Reinhard A, Bisig B, Hewer E. Methylation-Based Characterization of a New IDH2 Mutation in Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6518. [PMID: 38928223 PMCID: PMC11204065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting codon 172 of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) gene define a subgroup of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs) with a relatively favorable prognosis and a globally hypermethylated phenotype. They are also recurrent (along with IDH1 mutations) in gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Commonly reported mutations, all associated with aberrant IDH2 enzymatic activity, include R172K, R172S, R172T, R172G, and R172M. We present a case of SNUC with a never-before-described IDH2 mutation, R172A. Our report compares the methylation pattern of our sample to other cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hierarchical clustering suggests a strong association between our sample and other IDH-mutant SNUCs and a clear distinction between sinonasal normal tissues and tumors. Principal component analysis (PCA), using 100 principal components explaining 94.5% of the variance, showed the position of our sample to be within 1.02 standard deviation of the other IDH-mutant SNUCs. A molecular modeling analysis of the IDH2 R172A versus other R172 variants provides a structural explanation to how they affect the protein active site. Our findings thus suggest that the R172A mutation in IDH2 confers a gain of function similar to other R172 mutations in IDH2, resulting in a similar hypermethylated profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Burgermeister
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.S.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Simona Stoykova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.S.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Fanny S. Krebs
- Computer-Aided Molecular Engineering, Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (F.S.K.); (V.Z.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Computer-Aided Molecular Engineering, Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (F.S.K.); (V.Z.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Molecular Modelling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martial Mbefo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.S.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Antoine Reinhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.S.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Ekkehard Hewer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.S.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
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Chen J, Zeng Q, Wang X, Xu R, Wang W, Huang Y, Sun Q, Yuan W, Wang P, Chen D, Tong P, Jin H. Aberrant methylation and expression of TNXB promote chondrocyte apoptosis and extracullar matrix degradation in hemophilic arthropathy via AKT signaling. eLife 2024; 13:RP93087. [PMID: 38819423 PMCID: PMC11142640 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent joint bleeding in hemophilia patients frequently causes hemophilic arthropathy (HA). Drastic degradation of cartilage is a major characteristic of HA, but its pathological mechanisms has not yet been clarified. In HA cartilages, we found server matrix degradation and increased expression of DNA methyltransferase proteins. We thus performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on human HA (N=5) and osteoarthritis (OA) (N=5) articular cartilages, and identified 1228 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with HA. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the association between DMR genes (DMGs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Among these DMGs, Tenascin XB (TNXB) expression was down-regulated in human and mouse HA cartilages. The loss of Tnxb in F8-/- mouse cartilage provided a disease-promoting role in HA by augmenting cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss. Tnxb knockdown also promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and inhibited phosphorylation of AKT. Importantly, AKT agonist showed chondroprotective effects following Tnxb knockdown. Together, our findings indicate that exposure of cartilage to blood leads to alterations in DNA methylation, which is functionally related to ECM homeostasis, and further demonstrate a critical role of TNXB in HA cartilage degeneration by activating AKT signaling. These mechanistic insights allow development of potentially new strategies for HA cartilage protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qinghe Zeng
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuliang Huang
- Department of Osteology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fuyang Orthopaedics and Traumatology Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Pinger Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
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5
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Barati T, Mirzaei Z, Ebrahimi A, Shekari Khaniani M, Mansoori Derakhshan S. miR-449a: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Other Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01322-9. [PMID: 38809350 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic factors like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an equal role in genetics. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are members of the ncRNA family, in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well-documented and has important implications for both normal and abnormal biological processes, such as angiogenesis, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to synthesize previous research on miR-449a by analyzing published results from various databases, as there have been a number of investigations on miR-449's potential involvement in the development of human disorders. Based on our findings, miR-449 is strongly dysregulated in a wide range of diseases, from various cancers to cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairments, and respiratory diseases, and it may play a pivotal role in the development of these problems. In addition, miR-449a functions as a crucial regulator of the expression of several well-known genes, including E2F-3, BCL2, NOTCH1, and SOX4. This, in turn, modulates various pathways and processes related to cancer, including Notch, PI3K, and TGF-β, and contributes to the improvement of cancer drug sensitivity. Curiously, abnormalities in the expression of this miRNA may serve as diagnostic or prognostic indicators for distinguishing between healthy people and patients or to evaluate the survival rates for specific disorders. This article provides a synopsis of the current understanding of miR-449a's role in human disease development through its regulation of gene expression and the biological processes related to these genes and their linked processes. In addition, we have covered the topic of miR-449a's potential as a clinical feature (diagnosis and prognosis) indicator for a range of disorders, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. In general, our goal was to gain a thorough comprehension of the numerous functions of miR-449a in different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Barati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Romashin D, Rusanov A, Tolstova T, Varshaver A, Netrusov A, Kozhin P, Luzgina N. Loss of mutant p53 in HaCaT keratinocytes promotes cadmium-induced keratin 17 expression and cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149834. [PMID: 38547608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium exposure induces dermatotoxicity and epidermal barrier disruption and leads to the development of various pathologies. HaCaT cells are immortalized human keratinocytes that are widely used as alternatives to primary human keratinocytes, particularly for evaluating cadmium toxicity. HaCaT cells bear two gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the TP53 gene, which strongly affect p53 function. Mutant forms of p53 are known to correlate with increased resistance to various stimuli, including exposure to cytotoxic substances. In addition, keratin 17 (KRT17) was recently shown to be highly expressed in HaCaT cells in response to genotoxic stress. Moreover, p53 is a direct transcriptional repressor of KRT17. However, the impact of TP53 mutations in HaCaT cells on the regulation of cell death and keratin 17 expression is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of p53 on the response to Cd-induced cytotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Employing the MTT assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, we demonstrated that knockout of TP53 leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of HaCaT cells to the cytotoxic effects of cadmium. Specifically, HaCaT cells with TP53 knockout (TP53 KO HaCaT) exhibited cell death at a cadmium concentration of 10 μM or higher, whereas wild-type cells displayed cell death at a concentration of 30 μM. Furthermore, apoptotic cells were consistently detected in TP53 KO HaCaT cells upon exposure to low concentrations of cadmium (10 and 20 μM) but not in wild-type cells. Our findings also indicate that cadmium cytotoxicity is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were significantly increased only in TP53 knockout cells treated with 30 μM cadmium. An examination of proteomic data revealed that TP53 knockout in HaCaT cells resulted in the upregulation of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, redox systems, and DNA repair. Moreover, RT‒qPCR and immunoblotting showed that cadmium toxicity leads to dose-dependent induction of keratin 17 in p53-deficient cells but not in wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS The connection between mutant p53 in HaCaT keratinocytes and increased resistance to cadmium toxicity was demonstrated for the first time. Proteomic profiling revealed that TP53 knockout in HaCaT cells led to the activation of apoptosis regulatory circuits, redox systems, and DNA repair. In addition, our data support the involvement of keratin 17 in the regulation of DNA repair and cell death. Apparently, the induction of keratin 17 is p53-independent but may be inhibited by mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Romashin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Alexander Rusanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Tolstova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Alexandra Varshaver
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Alexander Netrusov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Kozhin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Nataliya Luzgina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow, 119121, Russia
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7
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Dong X, Li C, Deng C, Liu J, Li D, Zhou T, Yang X, Liu Y, Guo Q, Feng Y, Yu Y, Wang Z, Guo W, Zhang S, Cui H, Jiang C, Wang X, Song X, Sun X, Cao L. Regulated secretion of mutant p53 negatively affects T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2024; 43:92-105. [PMID: 37952080 PMCID: PMC10774126 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the role of the oncogenic mutant p53 in promoting tumor progression; however, there is limited information on the effects of secreted oncogenic mutant p53 on the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. In this study, we found that secretion of mutant p53, determined by exosome content, is dependent on its N-terminal dileucine motif via its binding to β-adaptin, and inhibited by the CHK2-mediated-Ser 20 phosphorylation. Moreover, we observed that the mutant p53 caused downregulation and dysfunction of CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo and downregulated the levels and activities of rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of mutant p53 secretion by knocking down AP1B1 or mutation of dileucine motif could reverse the quantity and function of CD4+ T lymphocytes and restrain the tumor growth. Our study demonstrates that the tumor-derived exosome-mediated secretion of oncogenic mutant p53 inhibits glycolysis to alter the immune microenvironment via functional suppression of CD4+ T cells, which may be the underlying mechanism for tumor immune escape. Therefore, targeting TDE-mediated p53 secretion may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunlu Li
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindi Yang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunchan Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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8
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Banerjee D, Boboila S, Okochi S, Angelastro JM, Kadenhe-Chiweshe AV, Lopez G, Califano A, Connolly EP, Greene LA, Yamashiro DJ. Activating Transcription Factor 5 Promotes Neuroblastoma Metastasis by Inducing Anoikis Resistance. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2518-2530. [PMID: 38014922 PMCID: PMC10714915 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma often presents as a highly aggressive metastatic disease with a poor prognosis. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is implicated in neural cell differentiation and cancer cell survival. Here, we show that ATF5 is highly expressed in patients with stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma, with increased expression correlating with a poorer prognosis. We demonstrated that ATF5 promotes the metastasis of neuroblastoma cell lines in vivo. Functionally, ATF5 depletion significantly reduced xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of neuroblastoma cells to the bone marrow and liver. Mechanistically, ATF5 endows tumor cells with resistance to anoikis, thereby increasing their survival in systemic circulation and facilitating metastasis. We identified the proapoptotic BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) as a critical player in ATF5-regulated neuroblastoma anoikis. ATF5 suppresses BMF under suspension conditions at the transcriptional level, promoting anoikis resistance, whereas BMF knockdown significantly prevents ATF5 depletion-induced anoikis. Therapeutically, we showed that a cell-penetrating dominant-negative ATF5 peptide, CP-d/n-ATF5, inhibits neuroblastoma metastasis to the bone marrow and liver by inducing anoikis sensitivity in circulating tumor cells. Our study identified ATF5 as a metastasis promoter and CP-d/n-ATF5 as a potential antimetastatic therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that resistance to anoikis in neuroblastoma is mediated by ATF5 and offers a rationale for targeting ATF5 to treat metastatic neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Shuobo Boboila
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Shunpei Okochi
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - James M. Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | | | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eileen P. Connolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lloyd A. Greene
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Darrell J. Yamashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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9
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Sun L, Chen Y, Xia L, Wang J, Zhu J, Li J, Wang K, Shen K, Zhang D, Zhang G, Shi T, Chen W. TRIM69 suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of gastric cancer through ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation of PRKCD. Oncogene 2023; 42:3619-3632. [PMID: 37864033 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family has been investigated in multiple human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of TRIM69 in the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells remains to be elucidated. We identified the differentially expressed genes in anoikis-resistant GC cells using RNA-sequencing analysis. The interaction between TRIM69 and PRKCD was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Our results have shown that TRIM69 was significantly downregulated in anoikis-resistant GC cells. TRIM69 overexpression markedly suppressed the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. TRIM69 knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, TRIM69 interacted with PRKCD through its B-box domain and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of PRKCD. Moreover, TRIM69 inhibited BDNF production in a PRKCD-dependent manner. Importantly, overexpression of PRKCD or BDNF blocked the effects of TRIM69 on the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells. Interestingly, a TRIM69-PRKCD+BDNF+ cell subset was positively associated with metastasis in GC patients. TRIM69-mediated suppression of the anoikis resistance and metastasis of GC cells via modulation of the PRKCD/BDNF axis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic approaches for metastatic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kanger Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Carbone D, Gallo C, Nuzzo G, Barra G, Dell'Isola M, Affuso M, Follero O, Albiani F, Sansone C, Manzo E, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A. Marine natural product lepadin A as a novel inducer of immunogenic cell death via CD91-dependent pathway. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 37779162 PMCID: PMC10542626 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) represents a mechanism of enhancing T cell-driven response against tumor cells. The process is enabled by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines by dying cells. Based on molecular studies and clinical marker assessment, ICD can be a new target for cancer chemotherapy hitherto restricted to a few conventional anticancer drugs. In view of the development of small molecules in targeted cancer therapy, we reported the preliminary evidence on the role of the natural product lepadin A (1) as a novel ICD inducer. Here we describe the ICD mechanism of lepadin A (1) by proving the translocation of the protein calreticulin (CRT) to the plasma membrane of human A2058 melanoma cells. CRT exposure is an ICD marker in clinical studies and was associated with the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in A2058 cells with lepadin A (1). After the treatment, the tumour cells acquired the ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs) with cytokine release and costimulatory molecule expression that is consistent with a phenotypic profile committed to priming T lymphocytes via a CD91-dependent mechanism. The effect of lepadin A (1) was dose-dependent and comparable to the response of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (2), a well-established ICD inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Carbone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Isola
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Affuso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Olimpia Follero
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Albiani
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie Marine, University of Naples "Federico II", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
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11
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Pal A, Gonzalez-Malerva L, Eaton S, Xu C, Zhang Y, Grief D, Sakala L, Nwekwo L, Zeng J, Christensen G, Gupta C, Streitwieser E, Singharoy A, Park JG, LaBaer J. Multidimensional quantitative phenotypic and molecular analysis reveals neomorphic behaviors of p53 missense mutants. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:78. [PMID: 37773066 PMCID: PMC10541912 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in >80% of the triple-negative or basal-like breast cancer. To test whether neomorphic functions of specific TP53 missense mutations contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, we characterized phenotypes of non-transformed MCF10A-derived cell lines expressing the ten most common missense mutant p53 proteins and observed a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell migration, invasion and 3D mammosphere architecture. The p53 mutants R248W, R273C, R248Q, and Y220C are the most aggressive while G245S and Y234C are the least, which correlates with survival rates of basal-like breast cancer patients. Interestingly, a crucial amino acid difference at one position-R273C vs. R273H-has drastic changes on cellular phenotype. RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses show distinct DNA binding properties of different p53 mutants, yielding heterogeneous transcriptomics profiles, and MD simulation provided structural basis of differential DNA binding of different p53 mutants. Integrative statistical and machine-learning-based pathway analysis on gene expression profiles with phenotype vectors across the mutant cell lines identifies quantitative association of multiple pathways including the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway with phenotypic aggressiveness. Further, comparative analyses of large transcriptomics datasets on breast cancer cell lines and tumors suggest that dysregulation of the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway plays a key role in driving the cellular phenotypes towards basal-like in the presence of more aggressive p53 mutants. Overall, our study describes distinct gain-of-function impacts on protein functions, transcriptional profiles, and cellular behaviors of different p53 missense mutants, which contribute to clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of triple-negative breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Pal
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Malerva
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Seron Eaton
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chenxi Xu
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yining Zhang
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dustin Grief
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lydia Sakala
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Lilian Nwekwo
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jia Zeng
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Grant Christensen
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chitrak Gupta
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ellen Streitwieser
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- The Biodesign Center for Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jin G Park
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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12
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Dibra D, Moyer SM, El-Naggar AK, Qi Y, Su X, Lozano G. Triple-negative breast tumors are dependent on mutant p53 for growth and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308807120. [PMID: 37579145 PMCID: PMC10450424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308807120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated early in the majority of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The most frequent TP53 alterations are missense mutations that contribute to tumor aggressiveness. We developed an autochthonous somatic K14-Cre driven TNBC mouse model with p53R172H and p53R245W mutations in which mutant p53 can be toggled on and off genetically while leaving the tumor microenvironment intact and wild-type for p53. These mice develop TNBCs with a median latency of 1 y. Deletion of mutant p53R172H or p53R245W in vivo in these tumors blunts their tumor growth and significantly extends survival of mice. Downstream analyses revealed that deletion of mutant Trp53 activated the cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes pathway but did not cause apoptosis implicating other mechanisms of tumor regression. Furthermore, we determined that only tumors with stable mutant p53 are dependent on mutant p53 for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denada Dibra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Sydney M. Moyer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX77030
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX77030
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13
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Dai Y, Zhang X, Ou Y, Zou L, Zhang D, Yang Q, Qin Y, Du X, Li W, Yuan Z, Xiao Z, Wen Q. Anoikis resistance--protagonists of breast cancer cells survive and metastasize after ECM detachment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:190. [PMID: 37537585 PMCID: PMC10399053 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer exhibits the highest global incidence among all tumor types. Regardless of the type of breast cancer, metastasis is a crucial cause of poor prognosis. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis initiated by cell detachment from the native environment, is an outside-in process commencing with the disruption of cytosolic connectors such as integrin-ECM and cadherin-cell. This disruption subsequently leads to intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling pathway alterations, ultimately activating caspases and initiating programmed cell death. Development of an anoikis-resistant phenotype is a critical initial step in tumor metastasis. Breast cancer employs a series of stromal alterations to suppress anoikis in cancer cells. Comprehensive investigation of anoikis resistance mechanisms can inform strategies for preventing and regressing metastatic breast cancer. The present review first outlines the physiological mechanisms of anoikis, elucidating the alterations in signaling pathways, cytoskeleton, and protein targets that transpire from the outside in upon adhesion loss in normal breast cells. The specific anoikis resistance mechanisms induced by pathological changes in various spatial structures during breast cancer development are also discussed. Additionally, the genetic loci of targets altered in the development of anoikis resistance in breast cancer, are summarized. Finally, the micro-RNAs and targeted drugs reported in the literature concerning anoikis are compiled, with keratocin being the most functionally comprehensive. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjun Ou
- Clinical Medicine School, Southwest Medicial Univercity, Luzhou, China
- Orthopaedics, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding, China
| | - Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingfan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuju Du
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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14
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Fito-Lopez B, Salvadores M, Alvarez MM, Supek F. Prevalence, causes and impact of TP53-loss phenocopying events in human tumors. BMC Biol 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 37095494 PMCID: PMC10127307 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 is a master tumor suppressor gene, mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. Given the many regulatory roles of the corresponding p53 protein, it is possible to infer loss of p53 activity - which may occur due to alterations in trans - from gene expression patterns. Several such alterations that phenocopy p53 loss are known, however additional ones may exist, but their identity and prevalence among human tumors are not well characterized. RESULTS We perform a large-scale statistical analysis on transcriptomes of ~ 7,000 tumors and ~ 1,000 cell lines, estimating that 12% and 8% of tumors and cancer cell lines, respectively, phenocopy TP53 loss: they are likely deficient in the activity of the p53 pathway, while not bearing obvious TP53 inactivating mutations. While some of these cases are explained by amplifications in the known phenocopying genes MDM2, MDM4 and PPM1D, many are not. An association analysis of cancer genomic scores jointly with CRISPR/RNAi genetic screening data identified an additional common TP53-loss phenocopying gene, USP28. Deletions in USP28 are associated with a TP53 functional impairment in 2.9-7.6% of breast, bladder, lung, liver and stomach tumors, and have comparable effect size to MDM4 amplifications. Additionally, in the known copy number alteration (CNA) segment harboring MDM2, we identify an additional co-amplified gene (CNOT2) that may cooperatively boost the TP53 functional inactivation effect of MDM2. An analysis of cancer cell line drug screens using phenocopy scores suggests that TP53 (in)activity commonly modulates associations between anticancer drug effects and various genetic markers, such as PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and should thus be considered as a drug activity modifying factor in precision medicine. As a resource, we provide the drug-genetic marker associations that differ depending on TP53 functional status. CONCLUSIONS Human tumors that do not bear obvious TP53 genetic alterations but that phenocopy p53 activity loss are common, and the USP28 gene deletions are one likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fito-Lopez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Salvadores
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Martin Alvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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López-Méndez TB, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Trionfetti F, Pedraz JL, Tripodi M, Cordani M, Strippoli R, González-Valdivieso J. Nanomedicine for autophagy modulation in cancer therapy: a clinical perspective. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 36871010 PMCID: PMC9985235 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, progress in nanotechnology provided new tools to treat cancer more effectively. Advances in biomaterials tailored for drug delivery have the potential to overcome the limited selectivity and side effects frequently associated with traditional therapeutic agents. While autophagy is pivotal in determining cell fate and adaptation to different challenges, and despite the fact that it is frequently dysregulated in cancer, antitumor therapeutic strategies leveraging on or targeting this process are scarce. This is due to many reasons, including the very contextual effects of autophagy in cancer, low bioavailability and non-targeted delivery of existing autophagy modulatory compounds. Conjugating the versatile characteristics of nanoparticles with autophagy modulators may render these drugs safer and more effective for cancer treatment. Here, we review current standing questions on the biology of autophagy in tumor progression, and precursory studies and the state-of-the-art in harnessing nanomaterials science to enhance the specificity and therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania B López-Méndez
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - José L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Juan González-Valdivieso
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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16
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Asl ER, Rostamzadeh D, Duijf PHG, Mafi S, Mansoori B, Barati S, Cho WC, Mansoori B. Mutant P53 in the formation and progression of the tumor microenvironment: Friend or foe. Life Sci 2023; 315:121361. [PMID: 36608871 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. It encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, which suppresses tumorigenesis by acting as a critical transcription factor that can induce the expression of many genes controlling a plethora of fundamental cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, survival, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Missense mutations are the most frequent type of mutations in the TP53 gene. While these can have variable effects, they typically impair p53 function in a dominant-negative manner, thereby altering intra-cellular signaling pathways and promoting cancer development. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly apparent that p53 mutations also have non-cell autonomous effects that influence the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a complex and heterogeneous milieu composed of both malignant and non-malignant cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, pericytes, different immune cell types, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T and B lymphocytes, as well as lymphatic and blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that various types of p53 mutations directly affect TME. They fine-tune the inflammatory TME and cell fate reprogramming, which affect cancer progression. Notably, re-educating the p53 signaling pathway in the TME may be an effective therapeutic strategy in combating cancer. Therefore, it is timely to here review the recent advances in our understanding of how TP53 mutations impact the fate of cancer cells by reshaping the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Cancer and Aging Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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17
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Razak S, Asharf NM, Abbas H, Shaheen G, Ahmad W, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Shabbir M, Shafique H, Jahan S. Mutation pattern of cancer suppressor p53 gene in factory workers exposed to polypropylene and impact on their reproductive hormones. J Gene Med 2023:e3483. [PMID: 36786034 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer playing the role of an endocrine disruptor that interferes with the union, emission, transport or elimination of normal hormones. Epidemiological information indicated the relation of endocrine-disturbing chemicals with prostate cancer, testis tumor and diminished fertility. p53 is a key tumor silencer gene. The present study aimed to evaluate luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the risk of p53 mutations as a result of exposure to polypropylene in non-tumorous adult male factory workers. METHODS In total, 150 (controls = 35, workers = 115) subjects were recruited. Groups were maintained according to the tenure of exposure G1 (1-5 years), G2 (6-10 years), G3 (11-15 years) and G4 (16-20 years). Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotyping analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction based gel electrophoresis followed by DNA sequencing. The structural and functional impact of the mutation on the p53 structure was evaluated using 50-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and protein-DNA docking. RESULTS Mean plasma LH levels were significantly decreased in G1 (p > 0.05) as well as the G2, G3 and G4 (p > 0.001) groups. Similarly, FSH levels were significant decrease in G1 (p > 0.05), G2 (p > 0.01), G3 (p > 0.001) and G4 (p > 0.001) compared to the control group. Sequencing results found three variants i.e. g.13450 T>G, g.13430C>T and g.13737G>A. One of them was predicted to be disease-causing others are polymorphisms. MD simulation of missense mutation R273H showed no structural impact on the protein structure in MD simulation, but it resulted in weaker binding of p53 with the DNA that might lower the gene expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings predict decreased fertility and risk of malignancies in the future. The spectrum of p53 mutations as a result of polypropylene exposure in the Pakistani population has not been investigated before. Further studies and meta-analyses are required to elucidate the role of different plasticizers in reproduction and cancer-causing risk factors in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Mahmood Asharf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Abbas
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Marvalim C, Datta A, Lee SC. Role of p53 in breast cancer progression: An insight into p53 targeted therapy. Theranostics 2023; 13:1421-1442. [PMID: 36923534 PMCID: PMC10008729 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is an important regulator of a multitude of cellular processes. In the presence of genotoxic stress, p53 is activated to facilitate DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In breast cancer, the tumor suppressive activities of p53 are frequently inactivated by either the overexpression of its negative regulator MDM2, or mutation which is present in 30-35% of all breast cancer cases. Notably, the frequency of p53 mutation is highly subtype dependent in breast cancers, with majority of hormone receptor-positive or luminal subtypes retaining the wild-type p53 status while hormone receptor-negative patients predominantly carry p53 mutations with gain-of-function oncogenic activities that contribute to poorer prognosis. Thus, a two-pronged strategy of targeting wild-type and mutant p53 in different subtypes of breast cancer can have clinical relevance. The development of p53-based therapies has rapidly progressed in recent years, and include unique small molecule chemical inhibitors, stapled peptides, PROTACs, as well as several genetic-based approaches using vectors and engineered antibodies. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic strategies that are in pre-clinical and clinical development to overcome p53 inactivation in both wild-type and mutant p53-bearing breast tumors, and discuss their efficacies and limitations in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Marvalim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- ✉ Corresponding authors: C.M. E-mail: ; L.S.C. E-mail: ; Tel: (65) 6516 7282
| | - Arpita Datta
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- ✉ Corresponding authors: C.M. E-mail: ; L.S.C. E-mail: ; Tel: (65) 6516 7282
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19
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Roszkowska KA, Piecuch A, Sady M, Gajewski Z, Flis S. Gain of Function (GOF) Mutant p53 in Cancer-Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13287. [PMID: 36362074 PMCID: PMC9654280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous development of personalized treatments is undoubtedly beneficial for oncogenic patients' comfort and survival rate. Mutant TP53 is associated with a worse prognosis due to the occurrence of metastases, increased chemoresistance, and tumor growth. Currently, numerous compounds capable of p53 reactivation or the destabilization of mutant p53 are being investigated. Several of them, APR-246, COTI-2, SAHA, and PEITC, were approved for clinical trials. This review focuses on these novel therapeutic opportunities, their mechanisms of action, and their significance for potential medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A. Roszkowska
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 100 Nowoursynowska St., 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Sylwia Flis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 100 Nowoursynowska St., 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Yu Q, Zhao Z, Wang H, Wang L. ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1245-1253. [PMID: 36267610 PMCID: PMC9578959 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s383779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) can experience histological transformation to a more aggressive lymphoma called “Richter’s transformation”. This transformation usually leads to diffuse large B cell lymphoma, though cases of T cell lymphoma have been identified. Here we report an extremely rare case of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. We performed detailed examination for this patient and reviewed related literatures to understand the transformation. Despite our best effort, this patient passed away shortly. Literature review shows no consensus on treatment and poor prognosis of this condition. We intend to report this case and explore novel treatment possibilities for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lieyang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Lieyang Wang, Department of Hematology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 Zhigongxin Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15235123213, Email
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21
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Wang J, Qi X, Wang Q, Wu G. The role and therapeutic significance of the anoikis pathway in renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009984. [PMID: 36249029 PMCID: PMC9557223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is a specialized mode of programmed cell death. Specifically, once cells detach from the original extracellular matrix, an apoptotic program is initiated, preventing colonization of the cells in distant parts of the organ. Therefore, both distant metastasis and colonization of cancer cells rely on the anoikis resistance of cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to confirm the relation of anoikis to kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC). To construct a prognostic model for patients with KIRC, we investigated several genes of the anoikis pathway most closely related to KIRC and also contrasted the effects of common anticancer drugs on the KIRC pathway. Besides KIRC, we explored the expression of anoikis-related genes in various other cancers. We classified patients with KIRC into three clusters based on the coefficients and mRNA expression levels of anoikis-related genes selected using the GSVA algorithm. We used the GDSC database to predict the response of the anoikis pathway to common anticancer drugs and explored the potential targets of the anoikis pathway in KIRC. We then analyzed the response of common immunotherapies to the anoikis pathway to analyze the correlation between anoikis and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Finally, eleven cancer-related genes were screened and a prognostic model was constructed using LASSO regression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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22
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Vadakekolathu J, Boocock DJ, Pandey K, Guinn BA, Legrand A, Miles AK, Coveney C, Ayala R, Purcell AW, McArdle SE. Multi-Omic Analysis of Two Common P53 Mutations: Proteins Regulated by Mutated P53 as Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163975. [PMID: 36010968 PMCID: PMC9406384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in many cancers, but it has failed to be a very effective target for treatment to date. To overcome this, we have examined what else changes in cells when the TP53 gene is mutated. We modified cells that had no TP53 expression to have one of the two most common mutations, either R175H or R273H. We examined how the presence of these TP53 mutations caused cellular changes including microscopic, gene expression and peptide presentation to the immune system. This has allowed us to identify new (secondary) targets that could be used to facilitate the treatment of tumors that harbor p53 mutations. Abstract The p53 protein is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers. Mutated p53 proteins not only lose their normal function but often acquire novel oncogenic functions, a phenomenon termed mutant p53 gain-of-function. Mutant p53 has been shown to affect the transcription of a range of genes, as well as protein–protein interactions with transcription factors and other effectors; however, no one has intensively investigated and identified these proteins, or their MHC presented epitopes, from the viewpoint of their ability to act as targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. We investigated the molecular changes that occurred after the TP53 null osteosarcoma cells, SaOS-2, were transfected with one of two conformational p53-mutants, either R175H or R273H. We then examined the phenotypic and functional changes using macroscopic observations, proliferation, gene expression and proteomics alongside immunopeptidome profiling of peptide antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. We identified several candidate proteins in both TP53 mutant cell lines with differential expression when compared to the TP53 null vector control, SaOS-V. Quantitative SWATH proteomics combined with immune-peptidome analysis of the class-I eluted peptides identified several epitopes presented on pMHC and in silico analysis shortlisted which antigens were expressed in a range of cancerous but not adjacent healthy tissues. Out of all the candidates, KLC1 and TOP2A showed high levels of expression in every tumor type examined. From these proteins, three A2 and four pan HLA-A epitopes were identified in both R175H and R273H from TOP2A. We have now provided a short list of future immunotherapy targets for the treatment of cancers harboring mutated TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - David J. Boocock
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Kirti Pandey
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Barbara-ann Guinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Antoine Legrand
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - Amanda K. Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - Rochelle Ayala
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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23
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Banerjee S, Chaturvedi R, Singh A, Kushwaha HR. Putting human Tid-1 in context: an insight into its role in the cell and in different disease states. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35854300 PMCID: PMC9297570 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (hTid-1) or DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3 (DNAJA3), is a part of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 40 family and is predominantly found to reside in the mitochondria. hTid-1 has two mRNA splicing variants, hTid-1S and hTid-1L of 40 and 43 kDa respectively in the cytosol which are later processed upon import into the mitochondrial matrix. hTid-1 protein is a part of the DnaJ family of proteins which are co-chaperones and specificity factors for DnaK proteins of the Hsp70 family, and bind to Hsp70, thereby activating its ATPase activity. hTid-1 has been found to be critical for a lot of important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, growth, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and movement and plays key roles in the embryo and skeletal muscle development.
Main body hTid-1 participates in several protein–protein interactions in the cell, which mediate different processes such as proteasomal degradation and autophagy of the interacting protein partners. hTid-1 also functions as a co-chaperone and participates in interactions with several different viral oncoproteins. hTid-1 also plays a critical role in different human diseases such as different cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion This review article is the first of its kind presenting consolidated information on the research findings of hTid-1 to date. This review suggests that the current knowledge of the role of hTid-1 in disorders like cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative diseases can be correlated with the findings of its protein–protein interactions that can provide a deep insight into the pathways by which hTid-1 affects disease pathogenesis and it can be stated that hTid-1 may serve as an important therapeutic target for these disorders. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00912-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anu Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hemant R Kushwaha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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24
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Crosslink between p53 and metastasis: focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell, angiogenesis, autophagy, and anoikis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7545-7557. [PMID: 34519942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION P53, as a tumor suppressor gene, is believed to be one of the most mutated genes in cancer cells. The mutant forms of this protein often play a tumorigenic role in cancer cells. Recent evidence shows that p53 plays a critical role in the migration, metastasis, and invasion of cancer cells. The present article aims to investigate the molecular mechanism that induces metastasis in cancer cells generated by the mutant P53, and to highlight the compounds targeting mutant-p53 together with their clinical applications. METHODS A detailed literature search was conducted to find information about the role of the mutant-p53 in the processes involved in metastasis in various databases. RESULTS A growing body of evidence suggests that Mutant-p53 enhances tumor metastasis affecting the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, autophagy, anoikis, and any other mechanisms regarding metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, targeting mutant-p53 by altering the processes involved in metastasis could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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25
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Huang G, Zhong X, Yao L, Ma Q, Liao H, Xu L, Zou J, Sun R, Wang D, Guo X. MicroRNA-449a inhibits cell proliferation and migration by regulating mutant p53 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1020. [PMID: 34373706 PMCID: PMC8343910 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-449a in the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells and examine the association between miR-449a and mutant p53 in these cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined using a crystal violet staining assay, wound healing scratch assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression level of miR-449a and p53 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR or western blotting. The results indicated that knockdown of mutant p53 suppressed the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-468 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, miR-449a suppressed proliferation and migration via downregulation of mutant p53 expression in MDA-MB-468 cells. Therefore, miR-449a may function as a tumor suppressor by regulating p53 expression in breast cancer cells, which may have potential implications in the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer carrying mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Hebin Liao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Ru Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P.R. China
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26
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Yoo HS, Won SB, Kwon YH. Luteolin Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells via p53-Dependent Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:677-686. [PMID: 33757400 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although a dietary phytochemical luteolin has been shown to regulate various anticancer mechanisms, a role of luteolin in autophagy regulation is mostly unidentified. Here, we investigated whether luteolin exhibits its anticancer effects by induction of apoptosis and autophagy in a p53-dependent manner in colon cancer cells. Cell viability was determined using trypan blue exclusion test. The expressions of proteins and mRNAs were measured by immunoblotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Luteolin at 10 - 20 μM induced cytotoxicity in p53 wild-type HCT116 colon cancer cells but not in p53 mutant HT-29 cells and normal colon cells. Luteolin exhibited its anticancer effect by increasing p53 phosphorylation and p53 target gene expression, leading to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells. We identified that luteolin can induce autophagy in p53 wild-type cells but not in p53 mutant cells, suggesting that luteolin-induced autophagy is p53-dependent; however, chloroquine-mediated inhibition of autophagy did not alter cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cells treated with luteolin. In conclusion, the present data showed that luteolin inhibits the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells through p53-dependent regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest regardless of the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Soo Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Bom Won
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Chungwoon University, Hongseong, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Xu F, Li J, Ni M, Cheng J, Zhao H, Wang S, Zhou X, Wu X. FBW7 suppresses ovarian cancer development by targeting the N 6-methyladenosine binding protein YTHDF2. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:45. [PMID: 33658012 PMCID: PMC7927415 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor FBW7 is the substrate recognition component of the SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates proteolytic degradation of various oncogenic proteins. However, the role of FBW7 in ovarian cancer progression remains inadequately understood. Methods IP-MASS, co-IP, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to identify the potential substrate of FBW7 in ovarian cancer. The biological effects of FBW7 were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. LC/MS was used to detect the m6A levels in ovarian cancer tissues. MeRIP-Seq and RNA-Seq were used to assess the downstream targets of YTHDF2. Results We unveil that FBW7 is markedly down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and its high expression is associated with favorable prognosis and elevated m6A modification levels. Consistently, ectopic FBW7 inhibits ovarian cancer cell survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo, while ablation of FBW7 empowers propagation of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the m6A reader protein, YTHDF2, is identified as a novel substrate for FBW7. FBW7 counteracts the tumor-promoting effect of YTHDF2 by inducing proteasomal degradation of the latter in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, YTHDF2 globally regulates the turnover of m6A-modified mRNAs, including the pro-apoptotic gene BMF. Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that FBW7 suppresses tumor growth and progression via antagonizing YTHDF2-mediated BMF mRNA decay in ovarian cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01340-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengdong Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiyun Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Jang EJ, Sung JY, Yoo HE, Jang H, Shim J, Oh ES, Goh SH, Kim YN. FAM188B Downregulation Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Anoikis via EGFR Downregulation and Inhibits Tumor Metastasis In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020247. [PMID: 33440835 PMCID: PMC7826942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells should acquire anoikis resistance for successful metastasis. Family with sequence similarity 188 member B (FAM188B) has been identified as a new deubiquitinase (DUB) member. Here, we demonstrate that FAM188B knockdown makes lung cancer cells sensitive to anoikis and inhibits lung metastasis. FAM188B knockdown reduced the levels of tumor proteins such as EGFR and FOXM1, suggesting that FAM188B may be a potential target controlling tumor malignancies. Abstract Anoikis is a type of apoptosis induced by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which removes mislocalized cells. Acquisition of anoikis resistance is critical for cancer cells to survive during circulation and, thus, metastasize at a secondary site. Although the sensitization of cancer cells to anoikis is a potential strategy to prevent metastasis, the mechanism underlying anoikis resistance is not well defined. Although family with sequence similarity 188 member B (FAM188B) is predicted as a new deubiquitinase (DUB) member, its biological function has not been fully studied. In this study, we demonstrated that FAM188B knockdown sensitized anoikis of lung cancer cell lines expressing WT-EGFR (A549 and H1299) or TKI-resistant EGFR mutant T790M/L858R (H1975). FAM188B knockdown using si-FAM188B inhibited the growth of all three human lung cancer cell lines cultured in both attachment and suspension conditions. FAM188B knockdown resulted in EGFR downregulation and thus decreased its activity. FAM188B knockdown decreased the activities of several oncogenic proteins downstream of EGFR that are involved in anoikis resistance, including pAkt, pSrc, and pSTAT3, with little changes to their protein levels. Intriguingly, si-FAM188B treatment increased EGFR mRNA levels but decreased its protein levels, which was reversed by treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, indicating that FAM188B regulates EGFR levels via the proteasomal pathway. In addition, cells transfected with si-FAM188B had decreased expression of FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor involved in cell growth and survival. Moreover, FAM188B downregulation reduced metastatic characteristics, such as cell adhesion, invasion, and migration, as well as growth in 3D culture conditions. Finally, tail vein injection of si-FAM188B-treated A549 cells resulted in a decrease in lung metastasis and an increase in mice survival in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that FAM188B plays an important role in anoikis resistance and metastatic characteristics by maintaining the levels of various oncogenic proteins and/or their activity, leading to tumor malignancy. Our study suggests FAM188B as a potential target for controlling tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Jang
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jee Young Sung
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ha-Eun Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Division of Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.G.); (Y.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2477 (S.-H.G.); +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); Fax: +82-31-920-2468 (S.-H.G.)
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.G.); (Y.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2477 (S.-H.G.); +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); Fax: +82-31-920-2468 (S.-H.G.)
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Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Ramachandhiran D. Modulating effect of hesperetin on the molecular expression pattern of apoptotic and cell proliferative markers in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:430-439. [PMID: 30663412 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1555600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is widespread malignant neoplasm and refractory cancers in worldwide. Here, we studied the chemopreventive potential of hesperetin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis (HBPCs). Oral tumours were developed in the buccal pouches of male golden Syrian hamsters by topical application of 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 10 weeks. This causes sequentially hyperplasia, dysplasia and well differentiates squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with up-regulation of molecular markers like mutant-p53, Caspase-3 and caspase-9 and cyclin-D1. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis of hesperetin treated animals shows a reversal in the above expression pattern to near normal in buccal mucosal tissue. Therefore, hesperetin exhibits the potential protective effect against DMBA-induced oral cancer through apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. However, a long-term observation would be needed to confirm the possibility of malignant change of the resulted dysplastic lesions upon hesperetin pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Ali A, Mishra S, Kamaal S, Alarifi A, Afzal M, Saha KD, Ahmad M. Evaluation of catacholase mimicking activity and apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cell line by activating mitochondrial pathway of copper(II) complex coupled with 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)(methyl)benzonitrile and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104479. [PMID: 33272712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of metal-based chemotherapeutic candidate towards the colorectal cancer, we have synthesized a new copper(II) complex [Cu(qmbn)(q)(Cl)] (1) (where, qmbn = 2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)(methyl)benzonitrile and q = 8-hydroxyquinoline) and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray, Powder-XRD, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structural analysis reveals that copper(II) ions exist in a distorted square pyramidal (τ = ~0.1), with ligation of a chloride ion, oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms at equatorial position and one oxygen atom at apical position. The cytotoxicity potential of complex 1 was executed against human colorectal cell lines (HCT116), which showed that 1 induces mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic cell death via activation of the Bax (pro-apoptotic protein) caspases-3 and 9 proteins. Interestingly, complex 1 was found to be a good candidate as electron-transfer catalyst which mimics catacholase with high turnover frequency (kcat = 1.03 × 102 h-1) for the conversion of the model substrate 3,5-di-tertbutylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) to 3,5-di-tertbutylquinone (3,5-DTBQ). Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that complex 1 was successfully localized inside the binding pocket of protein kinase (Akt), which validate the mechanism and mode of interaction of 1 that displayed cytotoxic activity experimentally. The obtained outcomes reveal that the complex 1 could be utilized as an encouraging perspective in the development of new therapeutic candidate for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saima Kamaal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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31
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Chen SMY, Bian L, Nicklawsky AG, Krinsky AL, Brunetti T, Woolaver RA, Wang X, Chen Z, Young CD, Gao D, Wang XJ, Wang JH. Deletion of p53 and Hyper-Activation of PIK3CA in Keratin-15 + Stem Cells Lead to the Development of Spontaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6585. [PMID: 32916850 PMCID: PMC7554792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second commonest type of skin cancer, and SCCs make up about 90% of head and neck cancers (HNSCCs). HNSCCs harbor two frequent molecular alterations, namely, gain-of-function alterations of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and loss-of-function mutations of tumor protein p53 (TP53). However, it remains poorly understood whether HNSCCs harboring different genetic alterations exhibit differential immune tumor microenvironments (TME). It also remains unknown whether PIK3CA hyperactivation and TP53 deletion can lead to SCC development spontaneously. Here, we analyzed the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets of HNSCCs and found that patients with both PIK3CA and TP53 alterations exhibited worse survival, significantly lower CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and higher M0 macrophages than other controls. To better model human tumorigenesis, we deleted TP53 and constitutively activated PIK3CA in mouse keratin-15-expressing stem cells, which leads to the spontaneous development of multilineage tumors including SCCs, termed Keratin-15-p53-PIK3CA (KPPA) tumors. KPPA tumors were heavily infiltrated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), with a drastically increased ratio of polymorphonuclear-MDSC (PMN-MDSC) versus monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC). CD8 TILs expressed more PD-1 and reduced their polyfunctionality. Overall, we established a genetic model to mimic human HNSCC pathogenesis, manifested with an immunosuppressive TME, which may help further elucidate immune evasion mechanisms and develop more effective immunotherapies for HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Y. Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.B.); (C.D.Y.)
| | - Andrew G. Nicklawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Alexandra L. Krinsky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Rachel A. Woolaver
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhangguo Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.B.); (C.D.Y.)
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.B.); (C.D.Y.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jing H. Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (S.M.Y.C.); (A.L.K.); (T.B.); (R.A.W.); (X.W.); (Z.C.)
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Reischmann N, Andrieux G, Griffin R, Reinheckel T, Boerries M, Brummer T. BRAF V600E drives dedifferentiation in small intestinal and colonic organoids and cooperates with mutant p53 and Apc loss in transformation. Oncogene 2020; 39:6053-6070. [PMID: 32792685 PMCID: PMC7498370 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BRAFV600E confers poor prognosis and is associated with a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC). Little is known, however, about the genetic events driving the initiation and progression of BRAFV600E mutant CRCs. Recent genetic analyses of CRCs indicate that BRAFV600E often coexists with alterations in the WNT- and p53 pathways, but their cooperation remains ill-defined. Therefore, we systematically compared small and large intestinal organoids from mice harboring conditional BraffloxV600E, Trp53LSL-R172H, and/or Apcflox/flox alleles. Using these isogenic models, we observe tissue-specific differences toward sudden BRAFV600E expression, which can be attributed to different ERK-pathway ground states in small and large intestinal crypts. BRAFV600E alone causes transient proliferation and suppresses epithelial organization, followed by organoid disintegration. Moreover, BRAFV600E induces a fetal-like dedifferentiation transcriptional program in colonic organoids, which resembles human BRAFV600E-driven CRC. Co-expression of p53R172H delays organoid disintegration, confers anchorage-independent growth, and induces invasive properties. Interestingly, p53R172H cooperates with BRAFV600E to modulate the abundance of transcripts linked to carcinogenesis, in particular within colonic organoids. Remarkably, WNT-pathway activation by Apc deletion fully protects organoids against BRAFV600E-induced disintegration and confers growth/niche factor independence. Still, Apc-deficient BRAFV600E-mutant organoids remain sensitive toward the MEK inhibitor trametinib, albeit p53R172H confers partial resistance against this clinically relevant compound. In summary, our systematic comparison of the response of small and large intestinal organoids to oncogenic alterations suggests colonic organoids to be better suited to model the human situation. In addition, our work on BRAF-, p53-, and WNT-pathway mutations provides new insights into their cooperation and for the design of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Reischmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Griffin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Xu L, Chen T. Dual-functional Se/Fe complex facilitates TRAIL treatment against resistant tumor cells via modulating cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao Y, Han H, Gao Z, Hu H, Xiang J, Sun Y, Chen H. Evolutionary Action Score of TP53 Enhances the Prognostic Prediction for Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:221-229. [PMID: 32450216 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stage I lung adenocarcinoma usually has a good prognosis after surgery. However, some patients do suffer disease recurrence during follow-up. Here, we report the prognostic value of evolutionary action score of TP53, which calculates the functional prediction of TP53, in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. From January 2011 to August 2013, 83 patients with a complete follow-up history (36 with a disease recurrence and 47 without recurrence during follow-up) who were pathologically confirmed stage I lung adenocarcinoma were included. Whole-exome sequencing were performed on those paired tumor-normal specimens. Evolutionary action score of TP53 (EAp53) was calculated and patients were divided into groups according to their TP53 mutational status. Tumor mutational burden and survival analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of EAp53. TP53 mutation was identified in 31 patients (37.3%). Of them, 11 were high-risk point mutations, 9 were low-risk point mutations, and 11 were truncating mutations. The high-risk group showed a poorer recurrence-free survival compared with the low-risk group (P = 0.046) and the wild-type group (P = 0.007). In multivariable analysis, the high-risk/truncating group showed a poorer recurrence-free survival (P = 0.007) and overall survival (P = 0.009) compared with the low-risk/wild-type group. Moreover, tumor mutational burden was higher in the high-risk/truncating group (P < 0.001). EAp53 is of prognostic value in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. The mutational type of TP53 should be paid attention to when predicting the prognosis of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhendong Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yue X, Wu F, Li Y, Liu J, Boateng M, Mandava K, Zhang C, Feng Z, Gao J, Hu W. Gain of function mutant p53 protein activates AKT through the Rac1 signaling to promote tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1338-1351. [PMID: 32275841 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1749790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. Mutant p53 (mutp53) not only loses the tumor suppressive activity of wild type p53, but often gains new oncogenic activities to promote tumorigenesis, defined as mutp53 gain of function (GOF). While the concept of mutp53 GOF is well-established, its underlying mechanism is not well-understood. AKT has been suggested to be activated by mutp53 and contribute to mutp53 GOF, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that the activation of the Rac1 signaling by mutp53 mediates the promoting effect of mutp53 on AKT activation. Blocking Rac1 signaling by RNAi or a Rac1 inhibitor can inhibit AKT activation by mutp53. Importantly, targeting Rac1/AKT can greatly compromise mutp53 GOF in tumorigenesis. Results from this study uncover a new mechanism for AKT activation in tumors, and reveal that activation of AKT by mutp53 via the Rac1 signaling contributes to mutp53 GOF in tumorigenesis. More importantly, this study provides Rac1 and AKT as potential targets for therapy in tumors containing mutp53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetian Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangnan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Yanchen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Michael Boateng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kranthi Mandava
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ USA
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Tan Z, Zhu J, Stemmer PM, Sun L, Yang Z, Schultz K, Gaffrey MJ, Cesnik AJ, Yi X, Hao X, Shortreed MR, Shi T, Lubman DM. Comprehensive Detection of Single Amino Acid Variants and Evaluation of Their Deleterious Potential in a PANC-1 Cell Line. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1635-1646. [PMID: 32058723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying single amino acid variants (SAAVs) in cancer is critical for precision oncology. Several advanced algorithms are now available to identify SAAVs, but attempts to combine different algorithms and optimize them on large data sets to achieve a more comprehensive coverage of SAAVs have not been implemented. Herein, we report an expanded detection of SAAVs in the PANC-1 cell line using three different strategies, which results in the identification of 540 SAAVs in the mass spectrometry data. Among the set of 540 SAAVs, 79 are evaluated as deleterious SAAVs based on analysis using the novel AssVar software in which one of the driver mutations found in each protein of KRAS, TP53, and SLC37A4 is further validated using independent selected reaction monitoring (SRM) analysis. Our study represents the most comprehensive discovery of SAAVs to date and the first large-scale detection of deleterious SAAVs in the PANC-1 cell line. This work may serve as the basis for future research in pancreatic cancer and personal immunotherapy and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Zhichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kendall Schultz
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Anthony J Cesnik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xinpei Yi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaohu Hao
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Michael R Shortreed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Cordani M, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Masetto F, Mullappilly N, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53-Associated Molecular Mechanisms of ROS Regulation in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030361. [PMID: 32111081 PMCID: PMC7175157 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic properties, referred to as gain-of-function (GOF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles as intracellular messengers, regulating numerous signaling pathways linked to metabolism and cell growth. Tumor cells frequently display higher ROS levels compared to healthy cells as a result of their increased metabolism as well as serving as an oncogenic agent because of its damaging and mutational properties. Several studies reported that in contrast with the wild type protein, mutant p53 isoforms fail to exert antioxidant activities and rather increase intracellular ROS, driving a pro-tumorigenic survival. These pro-oxidant oncogenic abilities of GOF mutant p53 include signaling and metabolic rewiring, as well as the modulation of critical ROS-related transcription factors and antioxidant systems, which lead ROS unbalance linked to tumor progression. The studies summarized here highlight that GOF mutant p53 isoforms might constitute major targets for selective therapeutic intervention against several types of tumors and that ROS enhancement driven by mutant p53 might represent an “Achilles heel” of cancer cells, suggesting pro-oxidant drugs as a therapeutic approach for cancer patients bearing the mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027281; Fax: +39-045-8027170
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Gain-of-Function Mutations in p53 in Cancer Invasiveness and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041334. [PMID: 32079237 PMCID: PMC7072881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty years of research has proven beyond any doubt that p53 is a key regulator of many aspects of cellular physiology. It is best known for its tumor suppressor function, but it is also a regulator of processes important for maintenance of homeostasis and stress response. Its activity is generally antiproliferative and when the cell is damaged beyond repair or intensely stressed the p53 protein contributes to apoptosis. Given its key role in preventing cancer it is no wonder that it is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. Surprisingly, a subset of missense mutations occurring in p53 (gain-of-function) cause it to lose its suppressor activity and acquire new functionalities that turn the tumor suppressor protein into an oncoprotein. A solid body of evidence exists demonstrating increased malignancy of cancers with mutated p53 in all aspects considered “hallmarks of cancer”. In this review, we summarize current findings concerning the cellular processes altered by gain-of-function mutations in p53 and their influence on cancer invasiveness and metastasis. We also present the variety of molecular mechanisms regulating these processes, including microRNA, direct transcriptional regulation, protein–protein interactions, and more.
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Badr EA, Assar MF, Eltorgoman AMA, Labeeb AZ, Breaka GA, Elkhouly EA. A correlation between BCL-2 modifying factor, p53 and livin gene expressions in cancer colon patients. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100747. [PMID: 32072027 PMCID: PMC7013244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that livin gene and BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) gene are closely associated with the initiation and progression of colon carcinoma by activating or suppressing multiple malignant processes. Those genes that can detect colon - cancer are a promising approach for cancer screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate correlation between livin, BMF and p53 genes expression in colon cancer tissues of patients included in the study, and their relationship with clinicopathological features and survival outcome in those patients. In this study, 50 pathologically diagnosed early cancer colon patients included and their tissue biopsy with 50 matched adjacent normal tissue, and 50 adenoma tissue specimens were analyzed for livin gene and BMF gene expressions using real time PCR. The relationship of those genes expressions with clinicopathological features, tumor markers, Time to Progression and overall survival for those patients were correlated in cancer colon group. In this study, there was a significant a reciprocal relationship between over expression of livin gene and down regulation of BMF and p53 genes in colon cancer cells. Livin mRNA was significantly higher, while BMF and p53 mRNA were significantly lower in colorectal cancer tissue compared to benign and normal colon tissue specimens (P < 0.001), however, this finding was absent between colon adenomas and normal mucosa. There was a significant association between up regulation of livin and down regulation of BMF and p53 expressions with more aggressive tumor (advanced TNM stage), rapid progression with metastasis and decreased overall survival in cancer colon patients, hence these genes can serve as significant prognostic markers of poor outcome in colon cancer patients. This work highlights the role of livin, BMF and p53 genes in colorectal tumorigenesis and the applicability of using those genes as a diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with colon carcinoma and as a good target for cancer colon treatment in the future. Apoptosis and anti-apoptotic markers are a hallmark in cancer. There is a reciprocal relation between anti-apoptotic livin and proapoptotic BMF and P53 genes expression. Upregulation of livin and downregulation of BMF and P 53 genes expression are markers of poor prognosis in colon cancer. High livin expression is associated with more aggressive tumors with rapid progressions and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ae Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fa Assar
- Biochemistry Division of Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Azza Zaghlol Labeeb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Gehad A Breaka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Enas A Elkhouly
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, de la Cruz-López KG, Becerril-Rico J, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Ortiz-Sánchez E, García-Carrancá A. Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function: Role in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607670. [PMID: 33644030 PMCID: PMC7905058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent p53 mutations (mutp53) not only abolish tumor suppressor capacities but confer various gain-of-function (GOF) activities that impacts molecules and pathways now regarded as central for tumor development and progression. Although the complete impact of GOF is still far from being fully understood, the effects on proliferation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion, among others, certainly constitute major driving forces for human tumors harboring them. In this review we discuss major molecular mechanisms driven by mutp53 GOF. We present novel mechanistic insights on their effects over key functional molecules and processes involved in cancer. We analyze new mechanistic insights impacting processes such as immune system evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness. In particular, the increased lipogenic activity through the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the alteration of metabolic homeostasis due to interactions between mutp53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that impact anabolic pathways and favor metabolic reprograming. We address, in detail, the impact of mutp53 over metabolic reprogramming and the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells as a consequence, not only of loss-of-function of p53, but rather as an effect of GOF that is crucial for the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, transcriptional activation of new targets, resulting from interaction of mutp53 with NF-kB, HIF-1α, or SREBP1, are presented and discussed. Finally, we discuss perspectives for targeting molecules and pathways involved in chemo-resistance of tumor cells resulting from mutp53 GOF. We discuss and stress the fact that the status of p53 currently constitutes one of the most relevant criteria to understand the role of autophagy as a survival mechanism in cancer, and propose new therapeutic approaches that could promote the reduction of GOF effects exercised by mutp53 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared Becerril-Rico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus and Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alejandro García-Carrancá
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Sauriasari R, Sekar AP, Aisyah N, Syahdi RR, Matsuura E. Sera Anti-P53 Antibody Provides New Information Which Explains the Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:325-331. [PMID: 32104029 PMCID: PMC7023868 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in glucose metabolism in diabetic patients may lead to an increased risk of certain cancers. Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown that factors such as gender, age, obesity, and insulin resistance are related to cancer incidence. The anti-p53 antibody is a known cancer marker due to tumor-associated p53 accumulation. Many studies have aimed to unravel the link between diabetes and cancer. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of diabetes on malignancies by analyzing anti-p53 antibody in sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 149 subjects comprised of 78 T2DM patients (32 with cancer risk and 46 subjects without cancer risk), 51 T2DM patients with cancer, and 20 healthy subjects as controls from multisites. The anti-p53 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while HbA1c was measured using the NGSP standardized method. RESULTS We observed an 8.3-fold (p<0.05) increase of anti-p53 antibody in the sera of T2DM patients and a 24-fold increase (p<0.001) in T2DM patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects. The anti-p53 antibodies significantly increased almost three times (p<0.05) in T2DM patients with cancer (0.72 U/mL±0.20) compared to T2DM patients (0.25 U/mL±0.05). Meanwhile, this antibody was almost undetectable in healthy subjects as a control group (0.03 U/mL±0.03). The anti-p53 antibody level was higher in T2DM with cancer risk patients. However, we did not find a significant difference for it in T2DM without cancer risk patients (0.19 U/mL±0.03) and T2DM with cancer risk patients (0.29 U/mL±0.08). Multivariate regression analysis showed that T2DM with cancer was the only one independent factor (beta=0.218, p=0.019) that could predict the increase of anti-p53 antibody, controlled by age, gender, BMI, DM duration, and HbA1c. CONCLUSION Our results showed that anti-p53 antibody almost not detected in healthy subjects, but 8.3-fold increase in the sera of T2DM patients and 24-fold increase in T2DM patients with cancer. Therefore, this biomarker provides new information which explains the link between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Rani Sauriasari Gedung A Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan, Jalan Prof. Dr. Sudjono D Pusponegoro, Kampus UI, Depok, Jawa Barat16424, IndonesiaTel +62-21-7270031 Email
| | | | - Nurul Aisyah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Eiji Matsuura
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Collaborative Research Center for OMIC & Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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42
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Huang Y, Liu N, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Long S, Luo G, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Mutant p53 drives cancer chemotherapy resistance due to loss of function on activating transcription of PUMA. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3442-3455. [PMID: 31726940 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1688951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene, activating p53 and its downstream targets to induce apoptosis is a promising way for cancer therapy. However, more than 50% of cancer patients have p53 mutations, which may cause cancer therapy resistance, and the underline mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we found that cell viability decrease and apoptosis induced by p53-dependent traditional drugs in colon cancer cells were eliminated in p53 mutant cells. Mutant p53 did not up-regulate the expression of its direct downstream targets PUMA and p21, due to the inhibition of PUMA transcription. Furthermore, mutant p53 could not bind to the promoter of PUMA to activate its transcription like WT p53 did, while overexpressed WT p53 rescued PUMA-induced subsequent apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate mutant p53 may cause chemo-resistance of tumor because of inactivating PUMA transcription, which prompts some new insights for clinical therapy of cancer patients with mutant p53.Abbreviations: CRC: Colorectal cancer; CDKs: Cyclin-dependent kinases; PUMA: p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis; PDGF: the platelet-derived growth factor; WT p53: wild-type p53 protein; mutp53: mutant p53 proteins; BAX: Bcl-2-associated X protein; NOXA: Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaiyu Long
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Luo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China
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Ferrandon S, DeVecchio J, Duraes L, Chouhan H, Karagkounis G, Davenport J, Orloff M, Liska D, Kalady MF. CoA Synthase ( COASY) Mediates Radiation Resistance via PI3K Signaling in Rectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 80:334-346. [PMID: 31704889 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant radiation is standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer. Response to radiation is highly variable and directly linked with survival. However, there currently are no validated biomarkers or molecular targets to predict or improve radiation response, which would help develop personalized treatment and ideally targeted therapies. Here, we identified a novel biomarker, coenzyme A synthase (COASY), whose mRNA expression was consistently elevated in radioresistant human rectal cancers. This observation was validated in independent patient cohorts and further confirmed in colorectal cancer cell lines. Importantly, genetic overexpression and knockdown yielded radioresistant and sensitive phenotypes, respectively, in vitro and in vivo. COASY-knockdown xenografts were more vulnerable to radiation, showing delayed tumor growth, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Mechanistically, COASY protein directly interacted with the PI3K regulatory subunit PI3K-P85α, which increased AKT and mTOR phosphorylation, enhancing cell survival. Furthermore, shRNA COASY knockdown disrupted downstream PI3K pathway activation and also hindered DNA double-strand break repair, which both led to improved radiosensitivity. Collectively, this work reveals for the first time the biological relevance of COASY as a predictive rectal cancer biomarker for radiation response and offers mechanistic evidence to support COASY as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: COASY is a novel radiotherapy response modulator in rectal cancer that regulates PI3K activation and DNA repair. Furthermore, COASY levels directly correlate with radiation response and serve as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Ferrandon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer DeVecchio
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leonardo Duraes
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hanumant Chouhan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Georgios Karagkounis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacqueline Davenport
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew Orloff
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Liska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew F Kalady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Brandi J, Di Carlo C, Manfredi M, Federici F, Bazaj A, Rizzi E, Cornaglia G, Manna L, Marengo E, Cecconi D. Investigating the Proteomic Profile of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells After Lactobacillus kefiri SGL 13 Exposure Using the SWATH Method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1690-1699. [PMID: 31309410 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite some studies revealed that kefir acts on different cancers, such as colorectal cancer, the proteomic changes that occur in the colon cancer cells remain to be explored. In this study, the proteomic analysis was combined with determination of kefir characteristics (e.g., adhesion capacity, gastrointestinal and antibiotic resistances), in order to confirm its use as a probiotic. Therefore, a label-free strategy based on SWATH-MS was applied to investigate the proteomic profile of HT-29 cells after exposure for 24 h to a specific strain of Lactobacillus kefiri named SGL 13. We identified a total of 60 differentially expressed proteins in HT-29 cells, among which most are located into the extracellular exosome, playing important/crucial roles in translation and cell adhesion, as indicated by the enrichment analysis. The eIF2 and retinoid X receptor activation pathways appeared to be correlated with the anti-tumoral effect of SGL 13. Immunoblot analysis showed an increase in Bax and a decrease in caspase 3 and mutant p53, and ELISA assay revealed inhibition of IL-8 secretion from HT-29 cells stimulated with LPS upon SGL 13 treatment, suggesting pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of kefir. In conclusion, the results of this study, the first of its kind using co-culture of kefir and colon cancer cells, demonstrate that L. kefiri SGL 13 possesses probiotic potency and contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the L. kefiri-colon cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Carlo
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT s.r.l., Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alda Bazaj
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Sintal Dietetics s.r.l., Castelnuovo Vomano, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cornaglia
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Manna
- Sintal Dietetics s.r.l., Castelnuovo Vomano, Teramo, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Cordani M, Somoza Á. Targeting autophagy using metallic nanoparticles: a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1215-1242. [PMID: 30483817 PMCID: PMC6420884 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive genetic and phenotypic variations present in the different tumors, they frequently share common metabolic alterations, such as autophagy. Autophagy is a self-degradative process in response to stresses by which damaged macromolecules and organelles are targeted by autophagic vesicles to lysosomes and then eliminated. It is known that autophagy dysfunctions can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development, but, interestingly, its overstimulation by cytotoxic drugs may also induce cell death and chemosensitivity. For this reason, the possibility to modulate autophagy may represent a valid therapeutic approach to treat different types of cancers and a variety of clinical trials, using autophagy modulators, are currently employed. On the other hand, recent progress in nanotechnology offers plenty of tools to fight cancer with innovative and efficient therapeutic agents by overcoming obstacles usually encountered with traditional drugs. Interestingly, nanomaterials can modulate autophagy and have been exploited as therapeutic agents against cancer. In this article, we summarize the most recent advances in the application of metallic nanostructures as potent modulators of autophagy process through multiple mechanisms, stressing their therapeutic implications in cancer diseases. For this reason, we believe that autophagy modulation with nanoparticle-based strategies would acquire clinical relevance in the near future, as a complementary therapy for the treatment of cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología", Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, Office 129, Lab 137 Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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46
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Qiu YL, Liu YH, Ban JD, Wang WJ, Han M, Kong P, Li BH. Pathway analysis of a genome‑wide association study on a long non‑coding RNA expression profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:895-907. [PMID: 30431131 PMCID: PMC6312939 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been consistently demonstrated to be involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as either tumor oncogenes or tumor suppressors. However, the underlying mechanisms of OSCC tumorigenesis and development have not yet been fully elucidated. The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in OSCC were analyzed by a microarray assay. To verify the results of the microarray, 10 differentially expressed lncRNAs were randomly selected and measured by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and metabolic pathway analyses were performed to analyze gene function and identify enriched pathways. Subsequently, two independent algorithms were used to predict the target genes of the lncRNAs. We identified 2,294 lncRNAs and 1,938 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in all three OSCC tissues by a microarray assay. Through the construction of co-expression networks of differentially expressed genes, 4 critical lncRNAs nodes were identified as potential key factors in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Expression of the 4 critical lncRNA nodes was not associated with age, sex, smoking or tumor location (P>0.05) but was positively correlated with clinical stage, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis and survival status (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that low expression levels of these 4 critical lncRNA nodes contributed to poor median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.05). GO and pathway analyses indicated that the functions and enriched pathways of many dysregulated genes are associated with cancer. Potential target genes of dysregulated lncRNAs were enriched in 43 metabolic pathways, with cancer pathways being the primary enrichment pathways. In summary, we analyzed the profile of lncRNAs in OSCC and identified the functions and enriched metabolic pathways of both dysregulated mRNAs and the target genes of dysregulated lncRNAs, providing new insights into molecular markers and therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Le Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Hang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Ban
- Department of Stomatology, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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47
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Hao XL, Han F, Zhang N, Chen HQ, Jiang X, Yin L, Liu WB, Wang DD, Chen JP, Cui ZH, Ao L, Cao J, Liu JY. TC2N, a novel oncogene, accelerates tumor progression by suppressing p53 signaling pathway in lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1235-1250. [PMID: 30254375 PMCID: PMC6748156 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein containing the C2 domain has been well documented for its essential roles in endocytosis, cellular metabolism and cancer. Tac2-N (TC2N) is a tandem C2 domain-containing protein, but its function, including its role in tumorigenesis, remains unknown. Here, we first identified TC2N as a novel oncogene in lung cancer. TC2N was preferentially upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues. High TC2N expression was significantly associated with poor outcome of lung cancer patients. Knockdown of TC2N markedly induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest with repressing proliferation in vitro, and suppresses tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas overexpression of TC2N has the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Using a combination of TCGA database and bioinformatics, we demonstrate that TC2N is involved in regulation of the p53 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, TC2N attenuates p53 signaling pathway through inhibiting Cdk5-induced phosphorylation of p53 via inducing Cdk5 degradation or disrupting the interaction between Cdk5 and p53. Moreover, the blockade of p53 attenuates the function of TC2N knockdown in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, downregulated TC2N is involved in the apoptosis of lung cancer cells induced by doxorubicin, leading to p53 pathway activation. Overall, these findings uncover a role for the p53 inactivator TC2N in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Our present study provides novel insights into the mechanism of tumorigenesis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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48
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Hernández‐Reséndiz I, Gallardo‐Pérez JC, López‐Macay A, Robledo‐Cadena DX, García‐Villa E, Gariglio P, Saavedra E, Moreno‐Sánchez R, Rodríguez‐Enríquez S. Mutant p53
R248Q
downregulates oxidative phosphorylation and upregulates glycolysis under normoxia and hypoxia in human cervix cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5524-5536. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ambar López‐Macay
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Ciudad de México México
| | | | - Enrique García‐Villa
- Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional‐Zacatenco Ciudad de México México
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional‐Zacatenco Ciudad de México México
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ciudad de México México
| | - Rafael Moreno‐Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ciudad de México México
| | - Sara Rodríguez‐Enríquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ciudad de México México
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Ciudad de México México
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49
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Wang Z, Liang P, He X, Wu B, Liu Q, Xu Z, Wu H, Liu Z, Qian Y, Wang S, Zhu R. Etoposide loaded layered double hydroxide nanoparticles reversing chemoresistance and eradicating human glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13106-13121. [PMID: 29961791 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and lethal glioma in human brain tumors and contains self-renewing, tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance and further recurrence. In this study, we combined in vitro cellular efficacy with in vivo antitumor performance to evaluate the outcome of an etoposide (VP16) loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposite (L-V) on human GSCs. The effects on GSC proliferation and apoptosis showed that loading with LDH could significantly sensitize GSCs to VP16 and enhance the GSC elimination. Further qPCR and western blot assays demonstrated that L-V could effectively attenuate GSC related pluripotency gene expression and reduce the cancer stemness. An in vivo GSC xenograft mice model showed that L-V can overcome drug resistance, eradicate GSCs, sharply decrease the stemness and reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA-seq analysis elucidated that L-V plays a vital role by down-regulating the PI3K/AKt/mTOR expression and activating the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, hence leading to GSC stemness loss and greatly enhancing the GSC targeting effect. Taken together, this study demonstrated the outstanding performance of L-V reversing the drug resistance of GSCs, thus providing a novel strategy for clinical translation application of nanomedicine in malignant glioma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Er JL, Goh PN, Lee CY, Tan YJ, Hii LW, Mai CW, Chung FFL, Leong CO. Identification of inhibitors synergizing gemcitabine sensitivity in the squamous subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Apoptosis 2018; 23:343-355. [PMID: 29740790 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a high chance of recurrence, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. A recent study has classified pancreatic cancers into four molecular subtypes: (1) squamous, (2) immunogenic, (3) pancreatic progenitor and (4) aberrantly differentiated endocrine exocrine. Among all the subtypes, the squamous subtype has the worst prognosis. This study aims to utilize large scale genomic datasets and computational systems biology to identify potential drugs targeting the squamous subtype of PDAC through combination therapy. Using the transcriptomic data available from the International Cancer Genome Consortium, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Connectivity Map, we identified 26 small molecules that could target the squamous subtype of PDAC. Among them include inhibitors targeting the SRC proto-oncogene (SRC) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2). Further analyses demonstrated that the SRC inhibitors (dasatinib and PP2) and MEK1/2 inhibitor (pimasertib) synergized gemcitabine sensitivity specifically in the squamous subtype of PDAC cells (SW1990 and BxPC3), but not in the PDAC progenitor cells (AsPC1). Further analysis revealed that the synergistic effects are dependent on SRC or MEK1/2 activities, as overexpression of SRC or MEK1/2 completely abrogated the synergistic effects SRC inhibitors (dasatinib and PP2) and MEK1/2 inhibitor (pimasertib). In contrast, no significant toxicity was observed in the MRC5 human lung fibroblast and ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Together, our findings suggest that combinations of SRC or MEK inhibitors with gemcitabine possess synergistic effects on the squamous subtype of PDAC cells and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin Er
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ni Goh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Yuan Lee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Jie Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE), International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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