1
|
Zhang Z, Gu Q, Chen L, Yuan D, Gu X, Qian H, Xie P, Liu Q, Hu Z. Selective microRNA expression of exosomes from retinal pigment epithelial cells by oxidative stress. Vision Res 2024; 220:108388. [PMID: 38593635 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The function of exosomal miRNAs (miRs) in retinal degeneration is largely unclear. We were aimed to investigate the functions of exosomes as well as their miRs derived from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells following exposure to oxidative stress (OS). After the OS by lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on RPE cells, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were upregulated, along with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulated oxidative damage marker 8-OH-dG in RPE cells. RPE-derived exosomes were then isolated, identified, injected into the subretinal space in mice. After subretinal injection, RPE-exosomes after OS not only induced higher ROS level and apoptotic retinal cells, but also elevated IL-1β, IL-6 alongside TNF-α expressions among retina/RPE/choroidal complex. Next, miRs inside the exosomes were sequenced by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS revealed that certain miRs were abundant in exosomes, while others were selectively kept by RPE cells. Further, downregulated miRs, like miR-125b-5p, miR-125a-5p, alongside miR-128-3p, and upregulated miR, such as miR-7-5p were validated byRT-qPCR. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to find the possible target genes of those selective exosomal miRs. Our results proved that the RPE-derived exosomes after OS selectively express certain miRs, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Qinyuan Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Dongqing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xunyi Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huiming Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Françon A, Behar-Cohen F, Torriglia A. The blue light hazard and its use on the evaluation of photochemical risk for domestic lighting. An in vivo study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108471. [PMID: 38335626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays artificial light highly increases human exposure to light leading to circadian rhythm and sleep perturbations. Moreover, excessive exposure of ocular structures to photons can induce irreversible retinal damage. Meta-analyses showed that sunlight exposure influences the age of onset and the progression of Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in people over fifty-year old. Currently, the blue-light hazard (BLH) curve is used in the evaluation of the phototoxicity of a light source for domestic lighting regulations. OBJECTIVES Here, we analyze the phototoxicity threshold in rats and investigate the role played by the light spectrum, assessing the relevance of the use of the BLH-weighting to define phototoxicity. METHODS We exposed albino rats to increasing doses of blue and white light, or to lights of different colors to evaluate the impact of each component of the white light spectrum on phototoxicity. Cellular mechanisms of cell death and cellular stress induced by light were analyzed. RESULTS Our results show that the phototoxicity threshold currently accepted for rats is overestimated by a factor of 50 when considering blue light and by a factor of 550 concerning white light. This is the result of the toxicity induced by green light that increases white light toxicity by promoting an inflammatory response. The content of green in white light induces 8 fold more invasion of macrophages in the retina than the content of blue light. Moreover, the use of BLH-weighting does not evaluate the amount of red radiations contained in white light that mitigates damage by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of L-DNase II and reducing by 33% the number of TUNEL-positive cells. DISCUSSION These findings question the current methods to determine the phototoxicity of a light source and show the necessity to take into account the entire emission spectrum. As current human phototoxicity thresholds were estimated with the same methods used for rats, our results suggest that they might need to be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Françon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l'école de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l'école de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Ophtalmopole, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l'école de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roubeix C, Nous C, Augustin S, Ronning KE, Mathis T, Blond F, Lagouge-Roussey P, Crespo-Garcia S, Sullivan PM, Gautier EL, Reichhart N, Sahel JA, Burns ME, Paques M, Sørensen TL, Strauss O, Guillonneau X, Delarasse C, Sennlaub F. Splenic monocytes drive pathogenic subretinal inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38233865 PMCID: PMC10792815 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is invariably associated with the chronic accumulation of activated mononuclear phagocytes in the subretinal space. The mononuclear phagocytes are composed of microglial cells but also of monocyte-derived cells, which promote photoreceptor degeneration and choroidal neovascularization. Infiltrating blood monocytes can originate directly from bone marrow, but also from a splenic reservoir, where bone marrow monocytes develop into angiotensin II receptor (ATR1)+ splenic monocytes. The involvement of splenic monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases such as AMD is not well understood. Using acute inflammatory and well-phenotyped AMD models, we demonstrate that angiotensin II mobilizes ATR1+ splenic monocytes, which we show are defined by a transcriptional signature using single-cell RNA sequencing and differ functionally from bone marrow monocytes. Splenic monocytes participate in the chorio-retinal infiltration and their inhibition by ATR1 antagonist and splenectomy reduces the subretinal mononuclear phagocyte accumulation and pathological choroidal neovascularization formation. In aged AMD-risk ApoE2-expressing mice, a chronic AMD model, ATR1 antagonist and splenectomy also inhibit the chronic retinal inflammation and associated cone degeneration that characterizes these mice. Our observation of elevated levels of plasma angiotensin II in AMD patients, suggests that similar events take place in clinical disease and argue for the therapeutic potential of ATR1 antagonists to inhibit splenic monocytes for the treatment of blinding AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Roubeix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Nous
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Augustin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Kaitryn E Ronning
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Blond
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Sergio Crespo-Garcia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centers for Aging and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Reichhart
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie E Burns
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michel Paques
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS Clinical Investigation Center 1423, Paris, France
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf Strauss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Guillonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fietz A, Corsi F, Hurst J, Schnichels S. Blue Light Damage and p53: Unravelling the Role of p53 in Oxidative-Stress-Induced Retinal Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2072. [PMID: 38136192 PMCID: PMC10740515 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the digital age, the widespread presence of electronic devices has exposed humans to an exceptional amount of blue light (BL) emitted from screens, LEDs, and other sources. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to BL could have harmful effects on the visual system and circadian rhythm regulation. BL is known to induce oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage. Emerging research indicates that BL may also induce cell death pathways that involve the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Activated p53 acts as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the implication of p53 in BL-caused retinal damage, shedding light on the potential mechanisms of oxidative-stress-induced retinal diseases. BL-exposed porcine retinal cultures demonstrated increased p53- and caspase-mediated apoptosis, depending on exposure duration. Direct inhibition of p53 via pifithrin α resulted in the prevention of retinal cell death. These findings raise concerns about the long-term consequences of the current daily BL exposure and its potential involvement in various pathological conditions, including oxidative-stress-based retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration. In addition, this study paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for oxidative-stress-based retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fietz
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - José Hurst
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sven Schnichels
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Park YS, Kim IB. A Distinct Microglial Cell Population Expressing Both CD86 and CD206 Constitutes a Dominant Type and Executes Phagocytosis in Two Mouse Models of Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14236. [PMID: 37762541 PMCID: PMC10532260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are the key regulators of inflammation during retinal degeneration (RD) and are conventionally classified as M1 or M2. However, whether the M1/M2 classification exactly reflects the functional classification of microglial cells in the retina remains debatable. We examined the spatiotemporal changes of microglial cells in the blue-LED and NaIO3-induced RD mice models using M1/M2 markers and functional genes. TUNEL assay was performed to detect photoreceptor cell death, and microglial cells were labeled with anti-IBA1, P2RY12, CD86, and CD206 antibodies. FACS was used to isolate microglial cells with anti-CD206 and CD86 antibodies, and qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate Il-10, Il-6, Trem-2, Apoe, and Lyz2 expression. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) from 24 h to 72 h post-RD induction. At 24 h, P2RY12 was decreased and CD86 was increased, and CD86/CD206 double-labeled cells occupied the dominant population at 72 h. And CD86/CD206 double-labeled cells showed a significant increase in Apoe, Trem2, and Lyz2 levels but not in those of Il-6 and Il-10. Our results demonstrate that microglial cells in active RD cannot be classified as M1 or M2, and the majority of microglia express both CD86 and CD206, which are involved in phagocytosis rather than inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.P.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang WS, Kim E, Choi H, Lee KH, Kim KJ, Lim D, Choi SY, Kim Y, Son SA, Kim JS, Kim S. Therapeutic Potential of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. and Its Active Components in a Delayed Corneal Wound Healing Model Following Blue Light Irradiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1171. [PMID: 37371901 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue light is reported to be harmful to eyes by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, the roles of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. leaf extract (PJE) in corneal wound healing under blue light irradiation are investigated. Blue-light-irradiated human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) show increased intracellular ROS levels and delayed wound healing without a change in survival, and these effects are reversed by PJE treatment. In acute toxicity tests, a single oral administration of PJE (5000 mg/kg) does not induce any signs of clinical toxicity or body weight changes for 15 days post-administration. Rats with OD (oculus dexter, right eye) corneal wounds are divided into seven treatment groups: NL (nonwounded OS (oculus sinister, left eye)), NR (wounded OD), BL (wounded OD + blue light (BL)), and PJE (BL + 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg). Blue-light-induced delayed wound healing is dose-dependently recovered by orally administering PJE once daily starting 5 days before wound generation. The reduced tear volume in both eyes in the BL group is also restored by PJE. Forty-eight hours after wound generation, the numbers of inflammatory and apoptotic cells and the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) largely increase in the BL group, but these values return to almost normal after PJE treatment. The key components of PJE, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation, are CA, neochlorogenic acid (NCA), and cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA). Each CA isomer effectively reverses the delayed wound healing and excessive ROS production, and their mixture synergistically enhances these effects. The expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to ROS, such as SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GSTM1, GSTP1, HO-1, and TRXR1, is significantly upregulated by PJE, its components, and the component mixture. Therefore, PJE protects against blue-light-induced delayed corneal wound healing via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects mechanistically related to ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Dosung Lim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbae Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ah Son
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Naju 58205, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
John MC, Quinn J, Hu ML, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J, Xue K. Gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches for inherited retinal degenerations. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1068185. [PMID: 36710928 PMCID: PMC9881597 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1068185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are associated with mutations in over 250 genes and represent a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. While gene augmentation or gene editing therapies could address the underlying genetic mutations in a small subset of patients, their utility remains limited by the great genetic heterogeneity of IRDs and the costs of developing individualised therapies. Gene-agnostic therapeutic approaches target common pathogenic pathways that drive retinal degeneration or provide functional rescue of vision independent of the genetic cause, thus offering potential clinical benefits to all IRD patients. Here, we review the key gene-agnostic approaches, including retinal cell reprogramming and replacement, neurotrophic support, immune modulation and optogenetics. The relative benefits and limitations of these strategies and the timing of clinical interventions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. John
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Quinn
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monica L. Hu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kanmin Xue
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cui H, Su Z, Ji Y, Lan T, Zhang JB, Ma J, Yang L, Chen YH, Shen HR, Wang J, Liu L, Cao K, Shen W, Chen S. Healthy and stable lighting via single-component white perovskite nanoplates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11731-11737. [PMID: 35916203 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-component healthy white light was achieved via Mn2+ post-doping into blue perovskite nanoplates (NPLs). The white light consists of two complementary colors, sky-blue (482 nm) and orange-red (610 nm), without harmful deep blue light (400-450 nm), which realizes the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) (standard pure white light) and a color temperature of 6000 K. Benefitting from the lattice shrinking via Mn2+ doping, the stability of white NPLs toward long-term storage, UV light, heat, and polar solvents was greatly improved. Finally, a healthy and stable white light-emitting diode (WLED) was fabricated via down-conversion of a UV light LED with our white perovskite NPLs, and the WLED worked continuously for 240 minutes with a color drift of only (±0.006, ±0.004) and with a half lifetime (T50) of 212 minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan W, Huang W, Chen J, Li N, Mao L, Hou S. Retinal microglia: Functions and diseases. Immunology 2022; 166:268-286. [PMID: 35403700 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
| | - Weidi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Chongqing China
- Chongqing Eye Institute Chongqing China
- Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Chongqing China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ge K, Wang Y, Li P, Li M, Zhang W, Dan H, Hu X, Zhou J, Yang Q, Wang J, Song Z. Down-expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2022; 139:104265. [PMID: 34662588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of Mcc950, an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, on diabetic retinopathy (DR) mice. The general physiological condition of each group of mice was recorded. Retinal blood vessels were stained for observation of the density of blood vessels, and retinas were used for further morphological examination and fluorescent staining after the intravitreal injection of Mcc950. Mcc950 partially reversed hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage and had reduced histological changes compared to DR mice. IL-1β production in mice retinas in the diabetic model (DM) group increased, but pretreatment with Mcc950 significantly reversed these changes. Additionally, Mcc950 engineered reduced FITC dextran extravasation and vascular leakage. Therefore, it played an apparent protective role in DR and could be a new treatment strategy for DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Ge
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Pan Li
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Miao Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Handong Dan
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xumeng Hu
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiamu Zhou
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Qixiang Yang
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Zongming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chudhary M, Zhang C, Song S, Ren X, Kong L. Ginkgo biloba delays light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 33850548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense exposure to artificial bright light increases the risk of retinal damage resulting in blurred vision and blindness. Long-term exposure to bright light elevates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, which results in photoreceptor cell degeneration. However, to the best of our knowledge, the molecular mechanism associated with light-induced retinopathy remains unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms involved in light-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis were investigated along with the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) in photoreceptor cell degeneration. EGb 761 was administered to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg for 7 days prior to exposure to bright light (5,000 lux for 24 h). Furthermore, photoreceptor cell disorders were evaluated using electroretinogram (ERG) and H&E staining analyses. The expression levels of antioxidant genes and proteins ERK, thioredoxin (Trx) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and the induction of apoptosis cytochrome c (Cyc), cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. ERG and histological analysis revealed that exposure to bright light induced functional and morphological changes to the photoreceptor cells. Exposure to bright light increased the levels of Cyc, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p-) Erk, Nrf-2 and thioredoxin (Trx). However, treatment of mice with EGb 761 increased the expression levels of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and antioxidant (p-Erk, Trx and Nrf-2) proteins and decreased the expression levels of the apoptotic genes (Cyc, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax). Based on these findings, the present study suggested that prolonged exposure to light induces photoreceptor cell degeneration, where EGb 761 treatment may serve a therapeutic effect on the development of photoreceptor cell degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chudhary
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Jin R, Li L, Choi JS, Kim J, Yoon HJ, Park JH, Yoon KC. Blue Light Induces Impaired Autophagy through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Activation on the Mouse Ocular Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2015. [PMID: 33670592 PMCID: PMC7922400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) expression on the mouse ocular surface and evaluated the role of NOD2 activation in light-induced cell death. Mice were divided into wild-type (WT), NOD2-knock out (KO), WT + blue light (WT + BL), and NOD2-KO + blue light (NOD2-KO + BL) groups, and the mice in the WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups were exposed to blue light for 10 days. After 10 days of blue light exposure, increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the WT + BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups, and the WT + BL group showed a higher expression of NOD2 and autophagy related 16 like 1. Although both WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups showed an increase in the expression of light chain 3-II, NOD2-KO + BL mice had a significantly lower p62 expression than WT + BL mice. In addition, NOD2-KO+BL mice had significantly lower corneal epithelial damage and apoptosis than WT + BL mice. In conclusion, blue light exposure can induce impaired autophagy by activation of NOD2 on the ocular surface. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NOD2-autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L) signaling pathway may be involved in the blue-light-induced autophagy responses, resulting in corneal epithelial apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Rujun Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jonghwa Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyeon Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 77, Korea;
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dabouz R, Cheng CWH, Abram P, Omri S, Cagnone G, Sawmy KV, Joyal JS, Desjarlais M, Olson D, Weil AG, Lubell W, Rivera JC, Chemtob S. An allosteric interleukin-1 receptor modulator mitigates inflammation and photoreceptor toxicity in a model of retinal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:359. [PMID: 33246504 PMCID: PMC7694438 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and particularly interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine highly secreted by activated immune cells during early AMD pathological events, contribute significantly to retinal neurodegeneration. Here, we identify specific cell types that generate IL-1β and harbor the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and pharmacologically validate IL-1β's contribution to neuro-retinal degeneration using the IL-1R allosteric modulator composed of the amino acid sequence rytvela (as well as the orthosteric antagonist, Kineret) in a model of blue light-induced retinal degeneration. METHODS Mice were exposed to blue light for 6 h and sacrificed 3 days later. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with rytvela, Kineret, or vehicle twice daily for 3 days. The inflammatory markers F4/80, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were assessed in the retinas. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to determine the cell-specific expression patterns of retinal Il1b and Il1r1. Macrophage-induced photoreceptor death was assessed ex vivo using retinal explants co-cultured with LPS-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Photoreceptor cell death was evaluated by the TUNEL assay. Retinal function was assessed by flash electroretinography. RESULTS Blue light markedly increased the mononuclear phagocyte recruitment and levels of inflammatory markers associated with photoreceptor death. Co-localization of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β with F4/80+ mononuclear phagocytes was clearly detected in the subretinal space, suggesting that these inflammatory cells are the main source of IL-1β. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the immune-specific expression of Il1b and notably perivascular macrophages in light-challenged mice, while Il1r1 expression was found primarily in astrocytes, bipolar, and vascular cells. Retinal explants co-cultured with LPS/ATP-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed a high number of TUNEL-positive photoreceptors, which was abrogated by rytvela treatment. IL-1R antagonism significantly mitigated the inflammatory response triggered in vivo by blue light exposure, and rytvela was superior to Kineret in preserving photoreceptor density and retinal function. CONCLUSION These findings substantiate the importance of IL-1β in neuro-retinal degeneration and revealed specific sources of Il1b from perivascular MPs, with its receptor Ilr1 being separately expressed on surrounding neuro-vascular and astroglial cells. They also validate the efficacy of rytvela-induced IL-1R modulation in suppressing detrimental inflammatory responses and preserving photoreceptor density and function in these conditions, reinforcing the rationale for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Dabouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada.,Hôpital Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Colin W H Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada.,Hôpital Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pénélope Abram
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Hôpital Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michel Desjarlais
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada
| | - David Olson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Sainte Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada.,Hôpital Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, 5415 Boul L'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2 M4, Canada. .,Hôpital Sainte Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sui A, Chen X, Shen J, Demetriades AM, Yao Y, Yao Y, Zhu Y, Shen X, Xie B. Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 ameliorates retinal neovascularization and leakage by reversing the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern in an oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy mouse model. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:901. [PMID: 33093455 PMCID: PMC7582915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in ocular neovascularization. In our study, we found that the expression and activation levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) containing caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) and caspase-1 (CAS1), were significantly upregulated. In addition, we found interleukin (IL)-1β activity increased while IL-18 activity decreased in the retinas of oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) mice. MCC950, an inhibitor of NLRP3, reversed the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern, inhibited the formation of retinal neovascularization (RNV), decreased the number of acellular capillaries and reduced leakage of retinal vessels. Moreover, MCC950 could regulate the expression of endothelial cell- and pericyte function-associated molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)1, VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)1, TIMP2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), and angiopoietin2 (Ang2). In vitro, recombinant human (r)IL-18 and rIL-1β regulated the expression of endothelial cell- and pericyte function-associated molecules and the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and pericytes. We therefore determined that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 can regulate the function of endothelial cells and pericytes by reversing the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern to ameliorate RNV and leakage; thereby opening new avenues to treat RNV-associated ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Sui
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikui Shen
- The Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Demetriades
- The Department of Ophthalmology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyun Yao
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Yao
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanji Zhu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Xie
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ouyang X, Yang J, Hong Z, Wu Y, Xie Y, Wang G. Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110577. [PMID: 32763817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of blue light exposure to human health has attracted increased research attention. Blue light, with relatively high energy, can cause irreversible photochemical damage to eye tissue. Excessive exposure of the eye to blue light tends to cause a series of alterations, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammatory apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis and DNA damage, resulting in the development of dry eye disease, glaucoma, and keratitis. Accordingly, physical protection, chemical and pharmaceutical protective measures, gene therapy, and other methods are widely used in the clinical treatment of blue light hazard. We reviewed the studies on possible blue light-induced signaling pathways and mechanisms in the eye and summarized the therapeutic approaches to addressing blue light hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zexin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yide Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao XD, Liu SL, Fei GT, Zhang LD, Men DD, Zhang Y, Xu SH, Li XH. Plasmonic ordered pore array Ag film coated glass: transparent and solar heat reflective material. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:145203. [PMID: 31860897 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we fabricate ordered pore array (OPA) Ag film coated glass with the aid of polystyrene sphere (PS) array templates. This kind of OPA Ag coated glass has optical advantages of visible transparency, blue and near-infrared resistance. The average visible transmittance is 68%, including a transmission peak of 78% located at 570 nm, and low average transmittance of 48% in the blue light region that is not damaging to the eyes. The near-infrared light blocking rate is 67%, among which 40% light is reflected directly, indicating the reflection domination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lim RR, Wieser ME, Ganga RR, Barathi VA, Lakshminarayanan R, Mohan RR, Hainsworth DP, Chaurasia SS. NOD-like Receptors in the Eye: Uncovering Its Role in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E899. [PMID: 32019187 PMCID: PMC7037099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). International Diabetic Federations (IDF) estimates up to 629 million people with DM by the year 2045 worldwide. Nearly 50% of DM patients will show evidence of diabetic-related eye problems. Therapeutic interventions for DR are limited and mostly involve surgical intervention at the late-stages of the disease. The lack of early-stage diagnostic tools and therapies, especially in DR, demands a better understanding of the biological processes involved in the etiology of disease progression. The recent surge in literature associated with NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has gained massive attraction due to their involvement in mediating the innate immune response and perpetuating inflammatory pathways, a central phenomenon found in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases including DR. The NLR family of receptors are expressed in different eye tissues during pathological conditions suggesting their potential roles in dry eye, ocular infection, retinal ischemia, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and DR. Our group is interested in studying the critical early components involved in the immune cell infiltration and inflammatory pathways involved in the progression of DR. Recently, we reported that NLRP3 inflammasome might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DR. This comprehensive review summarizes the findings of NLRs expression in the ocular tissues with special emphasis on its presence in the retinal microglia and DR pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA; (R.R.L.); (M.E.W.); (R.R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
- Ophthalmology, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
| | - Margaret E. Wieser
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA; (R.R.L.); (M.E.W.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Rama R. Ganga
- Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA;
| | | | | | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA; (R.R.L.); (M.E.W.); (R.R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
- Ophthalmology, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA;
| | - Dean P. Hainsworth
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA;
| | - Shyam S. Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA; (R.R.L.); (M.E.W.); (R.R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
- Ophthalmology, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 652011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akhtar-Schäfer I, Wang L, Krohne TU, Xu H, Langmann T. Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708259. [PMID: 30224384 PMCID: PMC6180304 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu Z, Lv X, Chen L, Gu X, Qian H, Fransisca S, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xie P. Protective effects of microRNA‐22‐3p against retinal pigment epithelial inflammatory damage by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18849-18857. [PMID: 30927257 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xuehua Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Department of Ophthalmology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xunyi Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Huiming Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Silvia Fransisca
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aouiss A, Anka Idrissi D, Kabine M, Zaid Y. Update of inflammatory proliferative retinopathy: Ischemia, hypoxia and angiogenesis. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:62-71. [PMID: 30685380 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) present two examples of proliferative retinopathy, characterized by the same stages of progression; ischemia of the retinal vessels, leads to hypoxia and to correct the problem there is the setting up of uncontrolled angiogenesis, which subsequently causes blindness or even detachment of the retina. The difference is the following; that DR initiated by the metabolic complications that are due to hyperglycemia, and ROP is induced by overexposure of the neonatal retina to oxygen. In this review, we will demonstrate the physiopathological mechanism of the two forms of proliferative retinopathy DR and ROP, in particular the role of the CD40/CD40L axis and IL-1 on vascular complications and onset of inflammation of the retina, the implications of their effects on the onset of pathogenic angiogenesis, thus understanding the link between platelets and retinal ischemia. In addition, what are the therapeutic targets that could slow its progression?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aouiss
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - D Anka Idrissi
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Kabine
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Y Zaid
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, H1T1C8, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karlen SJ, Miller EB, Wang X, Levine ES, Zawadzki RJ, Burns ME. Monocyte infiltration rather than microglia proliferation dominates the early immune response to rapid photoreceptor degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:344. [PMID: 30553275 PMCID: PMC7659426 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of resident microglia accompanies every known form of neurodegeneration, but the involvement of peripheral monocytes that extravasate and rapidly transform into microglia-like macrophages within the central nervous system during degeneration is far less clear. Methods Using a combination of in vivo ocular imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the response of infiltrating cells in a light-inducible mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. Results Within 24 h, resident microglia became activated and began migrating to the site of degeneration. Retinal expression of CCL2 increased just prior to a transient period of CCR2+ cell extravasation from the retinal vasculature. Proliferation of microglia and monocytes occurred concurrently; however, there was no indication of proliferation in either population until 72–96 h after neurodegeneration began. Eliminating CCL2-CCR2 signaling blocked monocyte recruitment, but did not alter the extent of retinal degeneration. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the immune response to photoreceptor degeneration includes both resident microglia and monocytes, even at very early times. Surprisingly, preventing monocyte infiltration did not block neurodegeneration, suggesting that in this model, degeneration is limited by cell clearance from other phagocytes or by the timing of intrinsic cell death programs. These results show monocyte involvement is not limited to disease states that overwhelm or deplete the resident microglial population and that interventions focused on modulating the peripheral immune system are not universally beneficial for staving off degeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1365-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eric B Miller
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Emily S Levine
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marie E Burns
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rathnasamy G, Foulds WS, Ling EA, Kaur C. Retinal microglia - A key player in healthy and diseased retina. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:18-40. [PMID: 29864456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina, are constantly engaged in the surveillance of their surrounding neural tissue. During embryonic development they infiltrate the retinal tissues and participate in the phagocytosis of redundant neurons. The contribution of microglia in maintaining the purposeful and functional histo-architecture of the adult retina is indispensable. Within the retinal microenvironment, robust microglial activation is elicited by subtle changes caused by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. When there is a disturbance in the cell-cell communication between microglia and other retinal cells, for example in retinal injury, the activated microglia can manifest actions that can be detrimental. This is evidenced by activated microglia secreting inflammatory mediators that can further aggravate the retinal injury. Microglial activation as a harbinger of a variety of retinal diseases is well documented by many studies. In addition, a change in the microglial phenotype which may be associated with aging, may predispose the retina to age-related diseases. In light of the above, the focus of this review is to highlight the role played by microglia in the healthy and diseased retina, based on findings of our own work and from that of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurugirijha Rathnasamy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Wallace S Foulds
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Level 6, The Academia, Discovery Tower, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Blk MD10, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saban DR. New concepts in macrophage ontogeny in the adult neural retina. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:79-85. [PMID: 29703455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of neurons dedicated to vision itself is thought to be greater than the sum of the four other senses combined. Yet, little attention has been payed to the retina as compared to elsewhere in the central nervous system with respect to microglia, the macrophages of the neural parenchyma. Indeed, major advancements in the understanding of microglial ontogeny and maintenance in brain and spinal cord are now widely appreciated, whereas less notice has been given to the neural retina in this regard. The current Review covers topical concepts on adult microglia and perivascular macrophage ontogenies in the steady state retina, as well as parallels made with these macrophages in other areas of the central nervous system. The subject of recruited monocytes and their descendant monocyte-derived macrophages in degenerative diseases of the retina is also integrated into this Review. Key experiments that have led to the theories covered are highlighted throughout, as are the knowledge gaps that remain unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Saban
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
On phagocytes and macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 61:98-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Gupta AK, Ghosh K, Palit S, Barua J, Das PK, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani inhibits inflammasome-dependent macrophage activation by exploiting the negative regulatory proteins A20 and UCP2. FASEB J 2017; 31:5087-5101. [PMID: 28765172 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700407r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In visceral leishmaniasis, we found that the antileishmanial drug Amp B produces a higher level of IL-1β over the infected control. Moreover, administering anti-IL-1β antibody to infected Amp B-treated mice showed significantly less parasite clearance. Investigation revealed that Leishmania inhibits stimuli-induced expression of a multiprotein signaling platform, NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn inhibits caspase-1 activation mediated maturation of IL-1β from its pro form. Attenuation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β in infection was found to result from decreased NF-κB activity. Transfecting infected cells with constitutively active NF-κB plasmid increased NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β expression but did not increase mature IL-1β, suggesting that IL-1β maturation requires a second signal, which was found to be reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased NF-κB was attributed to increased expression of A20, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling. Silencing A20 in infected cells restored NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β expression, but also increased matured IL-1β, implying an NF-κB-independent A20-modulated IL-1β maturation. Macrophage ROS is primarily regulated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and UCP2-silenced infected cells showed an increased IL-1β level. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of A20 and UCP2 in infected mice independently documented decreased liver and spleen parasite burden and increased IL-1β production. These results suggest that Leishmania exploits A20 and UCP2 to impair inflammasome activation for disease propagation.-Gupta, A. K., Ghosh, K., Palit, S., Barua, J., Das, P. K., Ukil, A. Leishmania donovani inhibits inflammasome-dependent macrophage activation by exploiting the negative regulatory proteins A20 and UCP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Gupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreyasi Palit
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
| | - Jayita Barua
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Pijush K Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
| | - Anindita Ukil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Protection of Mcc950 against high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cell dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2941. [PMID: 28726778 PMCID: PMC5550855 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known microvascular complication related to inflammation. Mcc950 is a potent and specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome but its influence on DR has not been studied. Thus, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Mcc950 on high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and the potential underlying mechanism. In surgical excised proliferative membranes from DR patients, high expression of NLRP3, caspase 1 and IL-1β was observed and co-localization of NLRP3 and IL-1β occurred in CD31+ labeled HRECs. Moreover, in high-glucose-stimulated HRECs, increased production of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and severe apoptosis were rescued with Mcc950 treatment. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of Mcc950 was mimicked through downregulation of NEK7 by siRNA in high-glucose-induced HRECs and Mcc950 treatment remarkably inhibited Nek7 and NLRP3 interactions by co-immunoprecipitation, suggesting that Mcc950 may be a potentially protective agent against inflammation, likely via downregulation of the Nek7-NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, Mcc950 inhibited HREC dysfunction under high-glucose conditions and this research may offer insight for future pharmaceutical approaches for treating DR.
Collapse
|