1
|
Wang C, Gu L, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Jian Z, Xiong X. Bibliometric insights into the inflammation and mitochondrial stress in ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114845. [PMID: 38838802 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in the areas of inflammation and mitochondrial stress in ischemic stroke is rapidly expanding, but a comprehensive overview that integrates bibliometric trends with an in-depth review of molecular mechanisms is lacking. OBJECTIVE To map the evolving landscape of research using bibliometric analysis and to detail the molecular mechanisms that underpin these trends, emphasizing their implications in ischemic stroke. METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify key trends, top contributors, and focal research themes. In addition, we review recent research advances in mitochondrial stress and inflammation in ischemic stroke to gain a detailed understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved. CONCLUSION Our integrative approach not only highlights the growing research interest and collaborations but also provides a detailed exploration of the molecular mechanisms that are central to the pathology of ischemic stroke. This synthesis offers valuable insights for researchers and paves the way for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao H, Ma Q. HMGB1: A New Target for Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01258-5. [PMID: 38740617 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stroke in China is distinguished by its high rates of morbidity, recurrence, disability, and mortality. The ultra-early administration of rtPA is essential for restoring perfusion in acute ischemic stroke, though it concurrently elevates the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) emerges as a pivotal player in neuroinflammation after brain ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion. Released passively by necrotic cells and actively secreted, including direct secretion of HMGB1 into the extracellular space and packaging of HMGB1 into intracellular vesicles by immune cells, glial cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, HMGB1 represents a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). It is intricately involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, and detrimental inflammation during the early phases of ischemic stroke. Moreover, HMGB1 significantly contributes to neurovascular remodeling and functional recovery in later stages. Significantly, HMGB1 mediates hemorrhagic transformation by facilitating neuroinflammation, directly compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and enhancing MMP9 secretion through its interaction with rtPA. As a systemic inflammatory factor, HMGB1 is also implicated in post-stroke depression and an elevated risk of stroke-associated pneumonia. The role of HMGB1 extends to influencing the pathogenesis of ischemia by polarizing various subtypes of immune and glial cells. This includes mediating excitotoxicity due to excitatory amino acids, autophagy, MMP9 release, NET formation, and autocrine trophic pathways. Given its multifaceted role, HMGB1 is recognized as a crucial therapeutic target and prognostic marker for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation. In this review, we summarize the structure and redox properties, secretion and pathways, regulation of immune cell activity, the role of pathophysiological mechanisms in stroke, and hemorrhage transformation for HMGB1, which will pave the way for developing new neuroprotective drugs, reduction of post-stroke neuroinflammation, and expansion of thrombolysis time window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jiameng Li
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neves LT, Paz LV, Wieck A, Mestriner RG, de Miranda Monteiro VAC, Xavier LL. Environmental Enrichment in Stroke Research: an Update. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:339-351. [PMID: 36717476 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) refers to different forms of stimulation, where the environment is designed to improve the levels of sensory, cognitive, and motor stimuli, inducing stroke recovery in animal models. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability among older adults, hence the importance of developing strategies to improve recovery for such patients. This review provides an update on recent findings, compiling information regarding the parameters affected by EE exposure in both preclinical and clinical studies. During stroke recovery, EE exposure has been shown to improve both the cognitive and locomotor aspects, inducing important neuroplastic alterations, increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and modified gene expression, among other effects. There is a need for further research in this field, particularly in those aspects where the evidence is inconclusive. Moreover, it is necessary refine and adapt the EE paradigms for application in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tartari Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Aguiar Cardozo de Miranda Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nie L, He J, Wang J, Wang R, Huang L, Jia L, Kim YT, Bhawal UK, Fan X, Zille M, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J. Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5291-5323. [PMID: 38158368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5291-5323, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Nie
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Brain Science Research and Transformation in the Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biswas K. Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: A review on the cell signaling pathways involved in microglial activation. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 383:578180. [PMID: 37672840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS), have emerged to be the central players in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies on large genome databases and omics studies in fact provide support to the idea that microglial cells could be the drivers of these diseases. Microglial cells have the capacity to undergo morphological and phenotypic transformations depending on its microenvironment. From the homeostatic ramified state, they can shift their phenotypes between the two extremes, known as the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, with intermediate transitional states, characterized by different transcriptional signature and release of inflammatory mediators. The temporal regulation of the release of the inflammatory factors are critical for damage control and steering the microglia back towards homeostatic conditions. A dysregulation in these can lead to excessive tissue damage and neuronal death. Therefore, targeting the cell signaling pathways that are the underpinnings of microglial modulations are considered to be an important avenue for treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we have discussed various signaling pathways that trigger microglial activation from its ramified state and highlight the mechanisms of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation that are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the cellular factors that drive microglia towards a proinflammatory phenotype are components of the immune system signaling pathways and cell proliferation, along with certain ion channels. The anti-inflammatory phenotype is mainly elicited by purinoceptors, metabolic receptors and other receptors that primarily suppress the production proinflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University Main campus, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210361. [PMID: 37484824 PMCID: PMC10360187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that can interrupt local blood flow in the brain, causing neuronal damage or even death, resulting in varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. Neuroplasticity is an important neurological function that helps neurons reorganize and regain function after injury. After cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity changes are critical factors for restoring brain function. An enriched environment promotes increased neuroplasticity, thereby aiding stroke recovery. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of the enriched environment on neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia, including synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, we also introduce some studies on the clinical application of enriched environments in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, hoping that they can provide some inspiration for doctors and therapists looking for new approaches to stroke rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi X, Tang Z, Shao X, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang X, He L, Wang J, Yu X. Ramelteon improves blood-brain barrier of focal cerebral ischemia rats to prevent post-stroke depression via upregulating occludin. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114472. [PMID: 37146721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) negatively affects the prognosis of post-stroke animals. Ramelteon has neuroprotection for chronic ischemia animals, but the effect and the biological mechanism of it on PSD is still unclear. This study explored the effects of ramelteon with prophylactic administration on blood-brain barrier in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) bEnd.3 cells and found that ramelteon pretreatment improved the depressive-like behaviors and decreased infarct area in MCAO rats. Also, this study found ramelteon pretreatment improved viability and inhibited permeability in OGD/R cells. In addition, this study found that MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1 levels were raised in the MCAO rats and that occludin protein and mRNA levels were decreased in the MCAO and the OGD/R models, while the Egr-1 level was up-regulated. All of these were antagonized by ramelteon pretreatment. In addition, overexpression of Egr-1 could reverse the effect of 100nM ramelteon pretreatment on FITC and occludin levels in OGD/R cells. In short, this study has demonstrated that the protective effect on PSD of ramelteon pretreatment on MCAO rats is related to the development of BBB permeability and that ramelteon regulates occludin to protect the BBB by inhibiting Egr-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Tang
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, The United States
| | - Xian Shao
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao B, Wang S, Li J, Han N, Ge H, Zhang G, Chang M. HMGB1, angel or devil, in ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2987. [PMID: 37062906 PMCID: PMC10176004 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is extensively involved in causing ischemic stroke, pathological damage of ischemic brain injury, and neural tissue repair after ischemic brain injury. However, the precise role of HMGB1 in ischemic stroke remains to be elucidated. METHODS Comprehensive literature search and narrative review to summarize the current field of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemic based on the basic structure, structural modification, and functional roles of HMGB1 described in the literature. RESULTS Studies have exhibited the crucial roles of HMGB1 in cell death, immunity and inflammation, thrombosis, and remodeling and repair. HMGB1 released after cerebral infarction is extensively involved in the pathological injury process in the early stage of cerebral infarction, whereas it is involved in the promotion of brain tissue repair and remodeling in the late stage of cerebral infarction. HMGB1 plays a neurotrophic role in acute white matter stroke, whereas it causes sustained activation of inflammation and plays a damaging role in chronic white matter ischemia. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 plays a complex role in cerebral infarction, which is related to not only the modification of HMGB1 and bound receptors but also different stages and subtypes of cerebral infarction. future studies on HMGB1 should investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of HMGB1 after cerebral infarction. Moreover, future studies on HMGB1 should attempt to integrate different stages and infarct subtypes of cerebral infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgerythe First Hospital of Yu'linYu'linShaanxiChina
| | - Nannan Han
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Hanming Ge
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Gejuan Zhang
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| | - Mingze Chang
- Department of NeurologyXi'an No. 3 Hospitalthe Affiliated Hospital of Northest UniversityXi'anShaanxiP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boboc IKS, Rotaru-Zavaleanu AD, Calina D, Albu CV, Catalin B, Turcu-Stiolica A. A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavior Testing in Mice Models of Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020567. [PMID: 36836924 PMCID: PMC9964520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the most important causes of death and disability. Preclinical research is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular and cellular response to stroke. However, a lack of standardization in animal evaluation does not always ensure reproducible results. In the present study, we wanted to identify the best strategy for evaluating animal behavior post-experimental stroke. As such, a meta-analysis was made, evaluating behavioral tests done on male C57BL/6 mice subjected to stroke or sham surgery. Overall, fifty-six studies were included. Our results suggest that different types of tests should be used depending on the post-stroke period one needs to analyze. In the hyper-acute, post-stroke period, the best quantifier will be animal examination scoring, as it is a fast and inexpensive way to identify differences between groups. When evaluating stoke mice in the acute phase, a mix of animal examination and motor tests that focus on movement asymmetry (foot-fault and cylinder testing) seem to have the best chance of picking up differences between groups. Complex tasks (the rotarod test and Morris water maze) should be used within the chronic phase to evaluate differences between the late-subacute and chronic phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Daniela Rotaru-Zavaleanu
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry, 200473 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan LL, Chen TY, Huang ZQ. Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone on inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules in treatment of depression after ischemic stroke. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:17-22. [PMID: 36694748 PMCID: PMC9843014 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.1.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone on inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules in the treatment of depression after ischemic stroke. Methods Randomized controlled trial was adopted on 80 patients with depression after ischemic stroke were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 patients in each group at Xingtai Sanli Health Quannan Clinic from March 17, 2019 to December 20, 2021. Both groups were given basic treatment. On this basis, the control group was treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, while the study group was treated with paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone. The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) before and after treatment. Additionally, the difference in HRSD score after treatment and the improvement in inflammatory factors and antioxidant molecules were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results After treatment, the HRSD score of the study group was significantly improved compared with that of the control group (p= 0.00). The effective rate was 82.5% in the study group, which was significantly higher than 62.5% in the control group (p= 0.04). After treatment, TNF-a, CRP and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p= 0.00). Serum SOD, TAC and CAT levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (SOD and TAC, p= 0.00; CAT, p= 0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions was 37.5% in the study group and 25% in the control group. Although the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.23). Conclusion Paroxetine hydrochloride combined with idebenone in the treatment of depression after ischemic stroke can significantly improve HRSD score, enhance clinical efficacy, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, and increase the levels of antioxidant factors, without a significant increase in adverse reactions. Therefore, it is a safe and effective treatment method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Yuan
- Li-li Yuan, Xingtai Sanli Health Quannan Clinic, Xingtai 054001, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Tian-yu Chen
- Tian-yu Chen, Applied Psychology Major of Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-qiang Huang
- Zhi-qiang Huang Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai 054001, Hebei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Liu L, Zhong Y, Liu Y. Enriched environment promotes post-stroke angiogenesis through astrocytic interleukin-17A. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1053877. [PMID: 36873773 PMCID: PMC9979086 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1053877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our previous studies have revealed that the protective effect of an enriched environment (EE) may be linked with astrocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the relationship between astrocytes and angiogenesis under EE conditions still requires further study. The current research examined the neuroprotective effects of EE on angiogenesis in an astrocytic interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-dependent manner following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods A rat model of ischemic stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min followed by reperfusion was established, after which rats were housed in either EE or standard conditions. A set of behavior tests were conducted, including the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and the rotarod test. The infarct volume was evaluated by means of 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. To evaluate the levels of angiogenesis, the protein levels of CD34 were examined by means of immunofluorescence and western blotting, while the protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the angiogenesis-associated factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), JAK2, and STAT3 were detected by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results We found that EE promoted functional recovery, reduced infarct volume, and enhanced angiogenesis compared to rats in standard conditions. IL-17A expression in astrocytes was also increased in EE rats. EE treatment increased the levels of microvascular density (MVD) and promoted the expression of CD34, VEGF, IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the penumbra, while the intracerebroventricular injection of the IL-17A-neutralizing antibody in EE rats attenuated EE-mediated functional recovery and angiogenesis. Conclusion Our findings revealed a possible neuroprotective mechanism of astrocytic IL-17A in EE-mediated angiogenesis and functional recovery after I/R injury, which might provide the theoretical basis for EE in clinical practise for stroke patients and open up new ideas for the research on the neural repair mechanism mediated by IL-17A in the recovery phase of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingjun Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anxiety-like behavior and microglial activation in the amygdala after acute neuroinflammation induced by microbial neuraminidase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11581. [PMID: 35803999 PMCID: PMC9270343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term behavioral alterations are associated with infection and aid the recovery from sickness. However, concerns have raised that sustained behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation could relate to neurological diseases in the long run. We aimed to explore medium- and long-term behavioral disturbances after acute neuroinflammation in rats, using a model based on the intracerebroventricular administration of the enzyme neuraminidase (NA), which is part of some pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Neurological and behavioral assessments were performed 2 and 10 weeks after the injection of NA, and neuroinflammation was evaluated by gene expression and histology. No alterations were observed regarding basic neurological functions or locomotor capacity in NA-injected rats. However, they showed a reduction in unsupported rearing, and increased grooming and freezing behaviors, which indicate anxiety-like behavior. A principal component analysis including a larger set of parameters further supported such anxiety-like behavior. The anxiety profile was observed 2 weeks after NA-injection, but not after 10 weeks. Concomitantly, the amygdala presented increased number of microglial cells showing a morphologic bias towards an activated state. A similar but subtler tendency was observed in hypothalamic microglia located in the paraventricular nucleus. Also, in the hypothalamus the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was slightly overexpressed 2 weeks after NA injection. These results demonstrate that NA-induced neuroinflammation provokes anxiety-like behavior in the medium term, which disappears with time. Concurrent microgliosis in the amygdala could explain such behavior. Further experiments should aim to explore subtle but long-lasting alterations observed 10 weeks after NA injection, both in amygdala and hypothalamus, as well as mild behavioral changes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Farajdokht F, Oghbaei F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, Aghsan SR, Farhoudi M, Vahidi-Eyrisofla N, Mahmoudi J. Cerebrolysin® and environmental enrichment, alone or in combination, ameliorate anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in a post-ischemic depression model in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
14
|
He T, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Crosstalk of Astrocytes and Other Cells during Ischemic Stroke. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060910. [PMID: 35743941 PMCID: PMC9228674 DOI: 10.3390/life12060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Astrocytes structurally compose tripartite synapses, blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular unit and perform multiple functions through cell-to-cell signaling of neurons, glial cells, and vasculature. The crosstalk of astrocytes and other cells is complicated and incompletely understood. Here we review the role of astrocytes in response to ischemic stroke, both beneficial and detrimental, from a cell–cell interaction perspective. Reactive astrocytes provide neuroprotection through antioxidation and antiexcitatory effects and metabolic support; they also contribute to neurorestoration involving neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis by crosstalk with stem cells and cell lineage. In the meantime, reactive astrocytes also play a vital role in neuroinflammation and brain edema. Glial scar formation in the chronic phase hinders functional recovery. We further discuss astrocyte enriched microRNAs and exosomes in the regulation of ischemic stroke. In addition, the latest notion of reactive astrocyte subsets and astrocytic activity revealed by optogenetics is mentioned. This review discusses the current understanding of the intimate molecular conversation between astrocytes and other cells and outlines its potential implications after ischemic stroke. “Neurocentric” strategies may not be sufficient for neurological protection and recovery; future therapeutic strategies could target reactive astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China;
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-62933186 (G.-Y.Y.); Fax: +86-21-62932302 (G.-Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bai PY, Chen SQ, Jia DL, Pan LH, Liu CB, Liu J, Luo W, Yang Y, Sun MY, Wan NF, Rong WW, Sun AJ, Ge JB. Environmental eustress improves postinfarction cardiac repair via enhancing cardiac macrophage survival. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3436. [PMID: 35476440 PMCID: PMC9045726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a vital role in cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). An enriched environment (EE) is involved in the regulation of macrophage-related activities and disease progression; however, whether EE affects the phenotype and function of macrophages to improve postinfarction cardiac repair remains unknown. In this study, we found that EE improved cardiac function, decreased mortality, and ameliorated adverse ventricular remodeling in mice after MI, with these outcomes closely related to the increased survival of Ly6Clow macrophages and their CCR2-MHCIIlow subsets. EE increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamus, leading to higher circulating levels of BDNF, which, in turn, regulated the cardiac macrophages. BDNF bound to tropomyosin receptor kinase B to activate downstream ERK1/2 and AKT pathways, promoting macrophage survival. These findings demonstrate that EE optimizes postinfarction cardiac repair and highlights the significance of EE as a previously unidentified strategy for impeding adverse ventricular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Le Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Bao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Fu Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Wei Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Durán-Carabali LE, Odorcyk FK, Sanches EF, de Mattos MM, Anschau F, Netto CA. Effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral and morphological outcomes following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rodent models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1970-1991. [PMID: 35040041 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and, despite recent advances in neonatal intensive care, there is no definitive treatment for this pathology. Once preclinical studies have shown that environmental enrichment (EE) seems to be a promising therapy for children with HI, the present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles with EE in HI rodent models focusing on neurodevelopmental reflexes, motor and cognitive function as well as brain damage. The protocol was registered a priori at PROSPERO. The search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, resulting in the inclusion of 22 articles. Interestingly, EE showed a beneficial impact on neurodevelopmental reflexes (SMD= -0.73, CI= [-0.98; -0.47], p< 0.001, I2= 0.0%), motor function (SMD= -0.55, CI= [-0.81; -0.28], p< 0.001, I2= 62.6%), cognitive function (SMD= -0.93, CI= [-1.14; -0.72], p< 0.001, I2= 27.8%) and brain damage (SMD= -0.80, CI= [-1.03; -0.58], p< 0.001, I2= 10.7%). The main factors that potentiate EE positive effects were enhanced study quality, earlier age at injury as well as earlier start and longer duration of EE exposure. Overall, EE was able to counteract the behavioral and histological damage induced by the lesion, being a promising therapeutic strategy for HI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - F K Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E F Sanches
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M de Mattos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - F Anschau
- Medicine school, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduation Program on Evaluation and Production of Technologies for the Brazilian National Health System, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morin Attenuated Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Promoting Angiogenesis Mediated by Angiopoietin-1-Tie-2 Axis and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:14-25. [PMID: 34997920 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury affects the neurological deficits and motor impairment of stroke patients in the long-term period. Angiogenesis, the essential process for restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the ischemic brain, promotes the recovery of neurological function following ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of morin on angiogenesis and functional outcomes in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion model. Male Wistar rats were subjected to MCAO, and they were administered 30 mg/kg of morin at reperfusion via i.p. injection daily for 14 days. Fourteen days after I/R injury, the rats were evaluated for the brain damage, and angiogenic factors involved in Ang1/Tie-2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, at 1, 7, and 14 days after reperfusion, rotarod and pole tests were performed to investigate the functional recovery. We found morin significantly reduced the infarct size, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and apoptotic cells at 14 days after I/R injury. It also promoted angiogenesis via boosting the expression of angiogenic proteins, such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), Tie-2, Wnt3α, β-catenin, and cyclin D1. Morin-mediated angiogenesis was confirmed by a significant increase in microvessel's density in the penumbra area and an increase in von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein expression of the morin-treated rats. Moreover, the rotarod and pole tests also demonstrated morin increased functional recovery in the morin-treated rats compared to the vehicle rats. Therefore, our data exposed that morin promotes angiogenesis and improves functional outcomes in MCAO and reperfusion rats.
Collapse
|
18
|
Singer T, Ding S, Ding S. Astroglia Abnormalities in Post-stroke Mood Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:115-138. [PMID: 34888833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of human death and disability. After a stroke, many patients may have some physical disability, including difficulties in moving, speaking, and seeing, but patients may also exhibit changes in mood manifested by depression, anxiety, and cognitive changes which we call post-stroke mood disorders (PSMDs). Astrocytes are the most diverse and numerous glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). They provide structural, nutritional, and metabolic support to neurons and regulate synaptic activity under normal conditions. Astrocytes are also critically involved in focal ischemic stroke (FIS). They undergo many changes after FIS. These changes may affect acute neuronal death and brain damage as well as brain recovery and PSMD in the chronic phase after FIS. Studies using postmortem brain specimens and animal models of FIS suggest that astrocytes/reactive astrocytes are involved in PSMD. This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in the molecular base of astrocyte in PSMD. As astrocytes exhibit high plasticity after FIS, we suggest that targeting local astrocytes may be a promising strategy for PSMD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Singer
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Zheng J, Xu Y, Cao W, Wang J, Wang B, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liao W. Enriched Environment Attenuates Pyroptosis to Improve Functional Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:717644. [PMID: 34646128 PMCID: PMC8504677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.717644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) is a complex containing social, cognitive, and motor stimuli. Exposure to EE can promote functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Pyroptosis has recently been identified and demonstrated a significant role in ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of EE on neuronal pyroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. In the current study, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was applied to establish the cerebral I/R injury model. Behavior tests including the modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) were performed. The infarct volume was evaluated by Nissl staining. To evaluate the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, the levels of GSDMD-N and nod-like receptor protein 1/3 (NLRP1/3) inflammasome-related proteins were examined. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). The secretion levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were analyzed by ELISA. Also, the expression of p65 and p-p65 were detected. The results showed that EE treatment improved functional recovery, reduced infarct volume, attenuated neuronal pyroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. EE treatment also suppressed the activities of NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasomes. These may be affected by inhabiting the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Our findings suggested that neuronal pyroptosis was probably the neuroprotective mechanism that EE treatment rescued neurological deficits after I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyue Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinchen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biru Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2505-2525. [PMID: 34460037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood-brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ceanga M, Dahab M, Witte OW, Keiner S. Adult Neurogenesis and Stroke: A Tale of Two Neurogenic Niches. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:700297. [PMID: 34447293 PMCID: PMC8382802 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of an acute stroke, numerous signaling cascades that reshape the brain both in the perilesional zone as well as in more distal regions are activated. Despite continuous improvement in the acute treatment of stroke and the sustained research efforts into the pathophysiology of stroke, we critically lag in our integrated understanding of the delayed and chronic responses to ischemic injury. As such, the beneficial or maladaptive effect of some stroke-induced cellular responses is unclear, restricting the advancement of therapeutic strategies to target long-term complications. A prominent delayed effect of stroke is the robust increase in adult neurogenesis, which raises hopes for a regenerative strategy to counter neurological deficits in stroke survivors. In the adult brain, two regions are known to generate new neurons from endogenous stem cells: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. While both niches respond with an increase in neurogenesis post-stroke, there are significant regional differences in the ensuing stages of survival, migration, and maturation, which may differently influence functional outcome. External interventions such as rehabilitative training add a further layer of complexity by independently modulating the process of adult neurogenesis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ischemic stroke on neurogenesis in the SVZ and in the SGZ, and the influence of exogenous stimuli such as motor activity or enriched environment (EE). In addition, we discuss the contribution of SVZ or SGZ post-stroke neurogenesis to sensory, motor and cognitive recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ceanga
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Enriched environment restores passive avoidance memory impairment in a rat model of neuroinflammation. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang X, Liu JY, Liao WJ, Chen XP. Differential Effects of Physical and Social Enriched Environment on Angiogenesis in Male Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:622911. [PMID: 33841116 PMCID: PMC8032869 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.622911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different housing conditions, including housing space and the physiological and social environment, may affect rodent behavior. Here, we examined the effects of different housing conditions on post-stroke angiogenesis and functional recovery to clarify the ambiguity about environmental enrichment and its components. Male rats in the model groups underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. The MCAO rats were divided into four groups: the physical enrichment (PE) group, the social enrichment (SE) group, the combined physical and social enrichment (PSE) group and the ischemia/reperfusion + standard conditioning (IS) group. The rats in the sham surgery (SS) group were housed under standard conditions. In a set of behavioral tests, including the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), rotarod test, and adhesive removal test, we demonstrated that the animals in the enriched condition groups exhibited significantly improved neurological functions compared to those in the standard housing group. Smaller infarction volumes were observed in the animals of the PSE group by MRI detection. The enriched conditions increased the microvessel density (MVD) in the ischemic boundary zone, as revealed by CD31 immunofluorescent staining. The immunochemical and q-PCR results further showed that environmental enrichment increased the expression levels of angiogenic factors after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our data suggest that all three enrichment conditions promoted enhanced angiogenesis and functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to the standard housing, while only exposure to the combination of both physical and social enrichment yielded optimal benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Woods D, Jiang Q, Chu XP. Monoclonal antibody as an emerging therapy for acute ischemic stroke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 12:95-106. [PMID: 32934765 PMCID: PMC7486556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability in the United States. The oxygen and glucose deprivation associated with AIS not only leads to neuronal cell death, but also increases the inflammatory response, therefore decreasing the functional outcome of the brain. The only pharmacological intervention approved by the US Federal Food and Drug Administration for treatment of AIS is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), however, such treatment can only be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of stroke-like symptoms. This narrow time-range limits its therapeutic application. Administrating t-PA outside of the therapeutic window may induce detrimental rather than beneficial effects to stroke patients. In order to reduce the infarct volume of an AIS while increasing the time period for treatment, new treatments are essential. Emerging monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies reveal great potential by targeting signaling pathways activated after an AIS. With successful application of mAb in the treatment of cancer, other therapeutic uses for mAb are currently being evaluated. In this review, we will focus on recent advances on AIS therapy by using mAb that targets the signaling cascades and endogenous molecules such as inflammation, growth factors, acid-sensing ion channels, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Therefore, developing specific mAb to target the signaling pathways of ischemic brain injury will benefit patients being treated for an AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demi Woods
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Janyou A, Wicha P, Seechamnanturakit V, Bumroongkit K, Tocharus C, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Dihydrocapsaicin-induced angiogenesis and improved functional recovery after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:9-16. [PMID: 32107104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the long-term effects of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC)-induced angiogenesis and improved functional outcomes in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in I/R rats for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. The animals were divided into three groups: sham, I/R + vehicle, and I/R + DHC (10 mg/kg body weight). Fourteen days after I/R injury, the DHC-treated I/R rats had decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, and brain morphology changes. DHC-induced angiogenesis significantly increased the expression of angiogenic factor proteins, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), at 3 d and 14 d following I/R and also increased the expression of angiogenic inhibitors, such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and its receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2), at 14 d following reperfusion. DHC-mediated angiogenesis was confirmed by a significant increase in positive BrdU labeling that co-localized with the von Willebrand factor (an endothelial cell marker) at 14 d after I/R. Furthermore, rotarod and pole tests demonstrated that DHC promoted functional recovery when compared with the vehicle group. Thus, the results reveal that DHC mediates angiogenesis and functional recovery after an ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Janyou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyawadee Wicha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Vatcharee Seechamnanturakit
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Kanokkan Bumroongkit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Happ DF, Wegener G, Tasker RA. Effect of ischemic lesions in medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens on affective behavior in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112234. [PMID: 31521735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke anxiety (PSA) are usually undertreated and many cases may remain undiagnosed, indicating a need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Current animal models of PSD and PSA using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model may be associated with motor deficits that can interfere with behavioral tests of depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Unilateral lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been reported to induce a depression- and anxiety-like phenotype in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of unilateral microinjections of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the mPFC alone or in combination with the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the behavior of rats after 2 and 6 weeks. Specifically, we measured anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, locomotion, and cognition. ET-1 injections in the mPFC and NAc resulted in replicable and localized lesions. Lesions to the mPFC and NAc resulted in more time spent in the open arms of the Elevated Plus Maze compared to sham-operated animals at 2 weeks post stroke, indicating decreased anxiety. This effect did not persist until 6 weeks post injection. No differences in locomotion, cognition and depressive-like behavior were found at either time point. In summary, unilateral lesions of mPFC and NAc did not produce a reliable and persistent anxiety and depression phenotype in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise F Happ
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - R Andrew Tasker
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malik AR, Lips J, Gorniak-Walas M, Broekaart DWM, Asaro A, Kuffner MTC, Hoffmann CJ, Kikhia M, Dopatka M, Boehm-Sturm P, Mueller S, Dirnagl U, Aronica E, Harms C, Willnow TE. SorCS2 facilitates release of endostatin from astrocytes and controls post-stroke angiogenesis. Glia 2020; 68:1304-1316. [PMID: 31898841 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SorCS2 is an intracellular sorting receptor of the VPS10P domain receptor gene family recently implicated in oxidative stress response. Here, we interrogated the relevance of stress-related activities of SorCS2 in the brain by exploring its role in ischemic stroke in mouse models and in patients. Although primarily seen in neurons in the healthy brain, expression of SorCS2 was massively induced in astrocytes surrounding the ischemic core in mice following stroke. Post-stroke induction was likely a result of increased levels of transforming growth factor β1 in damaged brain tissue, inducing Sorcs2 gene transcription in astrocytes but not neurons. Induced astrocytic expression of SorCS2 was also seen in stroke patients, substantiating the clinical relevance of this observation. In astrocytes in vitro and in the mouse brain in vivo, SorCS2 specifically controlled release of endostatin, a factor linked to post-stroke angiogenesis. The ability of astrocytes to release endostatin acutely after stroke was lost in mice deficient for SorCS2, resulting in a blunted endostatin response which coincided with impaired vascularization of the ischemic brain. Our findings identified activated astrocytes as a source for endostatin in modulation of post-stroke angiogenesis, and the importance of the sorting receptor SorCS2 in this brain stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Malik
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janet Lips
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, QUEST Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonino Asaro
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie T C Kuffner
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian J Hoffmann
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Majed Kikhia
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Dopatka
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, QUEST Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, QUEST Centre for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rico-Barrio I, Peñasco S, Puente N, Ramos A, Fontaine CJ, Reguero L, Giordano ME, Buceta I, Terradillos I, Lekunberri L, Mendizabal-Zubiaga J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Gerrikagoitia I, Elezgarai I, Grandes P. Cognitive and neurobehavioral benefits of an enriched environment on young adult mice after chronic ethanol consumption during adolescence. Addict Biol 2019; 24:969-980. [PMID: 30106197 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is a common pattern of ethanol (EtOH) consumption by adolescents. The brain effects of the acute EtOH exposure are well-studied; however, the long-lasting cognitive and neurobehavioral consequences of BD during adolescence are only beginning to be elucidated. Environmental enrichment (EE) has long been known for its benefits on the brain and may serve as a potential supportive therapy following EtOH exposure. In this study, we hypothesized that EE may have potential benefits on the cognitive deficits associated with BD EtOH consumption. Four-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to EtOH following an intermittent 4-day drinking-in-the-dark procedure for 4 weeks. Then they were exposed to EE during EtOH withdrawal for 2 weeks followed by a behavioral battery of tests including novel object recognition, novel location, object-in-place, rotarod, beam walking balance, tail suspension, light-dark box and open field that were run during early adulthood. Young adult mice exposed to EE significantly recovered recognition, spatial and associative memory as well as motor coordination skills and balance that were significantly impaired after adolescent EtOH drinking with respect to controls. No significant permanent anxiety or depressive-like behaviors were observed. Taken together, an EE exerts positive effects on the long-term negative cognitive deficits as a result of EtOH consumption during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irantzu Rico-Barrio
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Sara Peñasco
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Almudena Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | | | - Leire Reguero
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Maria Elvira Giordano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division “L. Donatelli”; The Second University of Naples; Italy
| | - Ianire Buceta
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Itziar Terradillos
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Leire Lekunberri
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Juan Mendizabal-Zubiaga
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Gerrikagoitia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Izaskun Elezgarai
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU; Spain
- Division of Medical Sciences; University of Victoria; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bobbo VCD, Jara CP, Mendes NF, Morari J, Velloso LA, Araújo EP. Interleukin-6 Expression by Hypothalamic Microglia in Multiple Inflammatory Contexts: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1365210. [PMID: 31534953 PMCID: PMC6724433 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1365210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a unique cytokine that can play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the anatomical site and conditions under which it has been induced. Specific neurons of the hypothalamus provide important signals to control food intake and energy expenditure. In individuals with obesity, a microglia-dependent inflammatory response damages the neural circuits responsible for maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis, resulting in a positive energy balance. However, little is known about the role of IL-6 in the regulation of hypothalamic microglia. In this systematic review, we asked what types of conditions and stimuli could modulate microglial IL-6 expression in murine model. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases and analyzed 13 articles that evaluated diverse contexts and study models focused on IL-6 expression and microglia activation, including the effects of stress, hypoxia, infection, neonatal overfeeding and nicotine exposure, lipopolysaccharide stimulus, hormones, exercise protocols, and aging. The results presented in this review emphasized the role of "injury-like" stimuli, under which IL-6 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine, concomitant with marked microglial activation, which drive hypothalamic neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence indicates an important correlation of basal IL-6 levels and microglial function with the maintenance of hypothalamic homeostasis. Advances in our understanding of these different contexts will lead to the development of more specific pharmacological approaches for the management of acute and chronic conditions, like obesity and metabolic diseases, without disturbing the homeostatic functions of IL-6 and microglia in the hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C. D. Bobbo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carlos P. Jara
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Natália F. Mendes
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Lício A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Eliana P. Araújo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yao H, Zhang Y, Shu H, Xie B, Tao Y, Yuan Y, Shang Y, Yuan S, Zhang J. Hyperforin Promotes Post-stroke Neuroangiogenesis via Astrocytic IL-6-Mediated Negative Immune Regulation in the Ischemic Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:201. [PMID: 31133816 PMCID: PMC6514137 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin has been shown to be capable of promoting angiogenesis and functional recovery after ischemic stroke in our previous study. However, the exact mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. In this study, adult male mice were subjected to 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 28 days. Hyperforin was administrated to MCAO mice every 24 h for 2 weeks starting at 14 days post-ischemia (dpi). Then flow cytometry, quantitative Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Our data showed that hyperforin increased astrocytic interleukin (IL)-6 in the ischemic hemisphere via TLR4 at 28 dpi. The astrocytic IL-6 was essential to the promoting effects of hyperforin on the neural precursor cells proliferation, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis, and functional recovery after stroke. Furthermore, hyperforin promoted the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the ischemic hemisphere and increased Tregs-derived cytokine IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a manner that was dependent on astrocytic IL-6. Astrocytic IL-6 was critical to the role of hyperforin in promoting the infiltration of T-helper (Th) type 2 cells to the ischemic hemisphere and Th2-derived cytokine IL-4, relative to Th1 and Th1-derived cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which decreased during stroke recovery. After depletion of CD25+ Tregs, the promoting effects of hyperforin on post-stroke neurogenesis was attenuated. Moreover, blockade of IL-4 and TGF-β abrogated the promoting role of hyperforin in post-stroke neurogenesis, angiogenesis and functional recovery. Our results reveal a previously uncharacterized role of astrocytic IL-6-mediated negative immune regulation in the promoting effects of hyperforin on post-stroke neurovascular regeneration and functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqing Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanfa Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang CJ, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Yu KW, Wang YY. An enriched environment promotes synaptic plasticity and cognitive recovery after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:462-469. [PMID: 30539814 PMCID: PMC6334594 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia activates an endogenous repair program that induces plastic changes in neurons. In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental enrichment on spatial learning and memory as well as on synaptic remodeling in a mouse model of chronic cerebral ischemia, produced by subjecting adult male C57BL/6 mice to permanent left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Three days postoperatively, mice were randomly assigned to the environmental enrichment and standard housing groups. Mice in the standard housing group were housed and fed a standard diet. Mice in the environmental enrichment group were housed in a cage with various toys and fed a standard diet. Then, 28 days postoperatively, spatial learning and memory were tested using the Morris water maze. The expression levels of growth-associated protein 43, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 in the hippocampus were analyzed by western blot assay. The number of synapses was evaluated by electron microscopy. In the water maze test, mice in the environmental enrichment group had a shorter escape latency, traveled markedly longer distances, spent more time in the correct quadrant (northeast zone), and had a higher frequency of crossings compared with the standard housing group. The expression levels of growth-associated protein 43, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 were substantially upregulated in the hippocampus in the environmental enrichment group compared with the standard housing group. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed that environmental enrichment increased the number of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region. Collectively, these findings suggest that environmental enrichment ameliorates the spatial learning and memory impairment induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Environmental enrichment in mice with cerebral ischemia likely promotes cognitive recovery by inducing plastic changes in synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Wei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang X, Xuan W, Zhu ZY, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhu L, Fu DY, Yang LQ, Li PY, Yu WF. The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1100-1114. [PMID: 30350341 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long-term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post-stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post-stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post-stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Yun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Immune Cells After Ischemic Stroke Onset: Roles, Migration, and Target Intervention. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:342-355. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
34
|
Sun C, Fukushi Y, Wang Y, Yamamoto S. Astrocytes Protect Neurons in the Hippocampal CA3 Against Ischemia by Suppressing the Intracellular Ca 2+ Overload. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:280. [PMID: 30197589 PMCID: PMC6118169 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus, delayed neuronal death is normally seen in neurons of the CA1 region but not in those of the CA3 region. Astrocytes have been reported to play multiple supporting or pathological roles in neuronal functioning. While evidence indicates that astrocytes could exert neuroprotective effects following ischemia, the possible underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the roles of astrocytes in the process of delayed neuronal death following transient forebrain ischemia. L-α-aminoadipic acid (L-α-AAA), an astrocyte-selective gliotoxin, was injected into the hippocampal CA3 region of rats through a cranial window to selectively damage astrocytes. Immunofluorescence staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used to evaluate the effect of L-α-AAA on astrocyte numbers. Three days after the L-α-AAA injection, transient forebrain ischemia was induced by a modification of the four-vessel occlusion procedure. Seven days after transient forebrain ischemia, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to reveal the morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In rats with ischemia and reperfusion, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and change in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were separately measured in CA1 and CA3 regions. L-α-AAA injection significantly decreased the number of astrocytes in CA3, but did not affect the pattern of rCBF changes upon ischemia/reperfusion. Seven days after transient forebrain ischemia, in rats receiving L-α-AAA, delayed neuronal death comparable with that in CA1 was observed in the CA3 region. In addition, the pattern of increase in [Ca2+]i due to transient forebrain ischemia was completely changed in the hippocampal CA3. The loss of astrocytes induced a persistent increase in [Ca2+]i in the CA3 region following transient ischemia, similar to what is observed in the CA1 region. Our study indicates that astrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 region exert neuroprotective effects following transient forebrain ischemia and act by suppressing the intracellular Ca2+ overload. Furthermore, our study will most likely provide a new therapeutic strategy for brain ischemic diseases, targeted to astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Sun
- Department of Innovative Medical Photonics, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fukushi
- Department of Innovative Medical Photonics, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Innovative Medical Photonics, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
McDonald MW, Hayward KS, Rosbergen ICM, Jeffers MS, Corbett D. Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation? Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:135. [PMID: 30050416 PMCID: PMC6050361 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) has been widely used as a means to enhance brain plasticity mechanisms (e.g., increased dendritic branching, synaptogenesis, etc.) and improve behavioral function in both normal and brain-damaged animals. In spite of the demonstrated efficacy of EE for enhancing brain plasticity, it has largely remained a laboratory phenomenon with little translation to the clinical setting. Impediments to the implementation of enrichment as an intervention for human stroke rehabilitation and a lack of clinical translation can be attributed to a number of factors not limited to: (i) concerns that EE is actually the "normal state" for animals, whereas standard housing is a form of impoverishment; (ii) difficulty in standardizing EE conditions across clinical sites; (iii) the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of enrichment are largely correlative in nature; (iv) a lack of knowledge concerning what aspects of enrichment (e.g., exercise, socialization, cognitive stimulation) represent the critical or active ingredients for enhancing brain plasticity; and (v) the required "dose" of enrichment is unknown, since most laboratory studies employ continuous periods of enrichment, a condition that most clinicians view as impractical. In this review article, we summarize preclinical stroke recovery studies that have successfully utilized EE to promote functional recovery and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss how EE is being applied in a clinical setting and address differences in preclinical and clinical EE work to date. It is argued that the best way forward is through the careful alignment of preclinical and clinical rehabilitation research. A combination of both approaches will allow research to fully address gaps in knowledge and facilitate the implementation of EE to the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McDonald
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid C M Rosbergen
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Allied Health Services, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew S Jeffers
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mu SW, Dang Y, Wang SS, Gu JJ. The role of high mobility group box 1 protein in acute cerebrovascular diseases. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:191-197. [PMID: 30271593 PMCID: PMC6158396 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of acute cerebrovascular diseases involves an inflammatory response, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory factor that is expressed not only in the early-injury stage of disease, but also during the post-repair process. In the initial stage of disease, HMGB1 is released into the outside of the cell to participate in the cascade amplification reaction of inflammation, causing vasospasm, destruction of the blood-brain barrier and apoptosis of nerve cells. In the recovery stage of disease, HMGB1 can promote tissue repair and remodeling, which can aid in nerve function recovery. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of HMGB1, and the role of HMGB1 in ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, and cerebral venous thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Dang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Sen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Gu
- Department of Neuro-interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chun H, An H, Lim J, Woo J, Lee J, Ryu H, Lee CJ. Astrocytic proBDNF and Tonic GABA Distinguish Active versus Reactive Astrocytes in Hippocampus. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:155-170. [PMID: 30022867 PMCID: PMC6050417 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and they make close contacts with neurons and blood vessels. They respond dynamically to various environmental stimuli and change their morphological and functional properties. Both physiological and pathological stimuli can induce versatile changes in astrocytes, as this phenomenon is referred to as ‘astrocytic plasticity’. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of astrocytic plasticity in response to various stimuli remain elusive, except for the presence of hypertrophy, a conspicuous structural change which is frequently observed in activated or reactive astrocytes. Here, we investigated differential characteristics of astrocytic plasticity in a stimulus-dependent manner. Strikingly, a stab wound brain injury lead to hypertrophy of astrocytes accompanied by increased GABA expression and tonic GABA release in mouse CA1 hippocampus. In contrast, the mice experiencing enriched environment exhibited astrocytic hypertrophy with enhanced proBDNF immunoreactivity but without GABA signal. Based on the results, we define proBDNF-positive/GABA-negative hypertrophic astrocytes as ‘active’ astrocytes and GABA-positive hypertrophic astrocytes as ‘reactive’ astrocytes, respectively. We propose for the first time that astrocytic proBDNF can be a bona fide molecular marker of the active astrocytes, which are distinct from the reactive astrocytes which show hypertrophy but with aberrant GABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Chun
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuromedicine, Brain Science Institute, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Brain Science Institute, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gülke E, Gelderblom M, Magnus T. Danger signals in stroke and their role on microglia activation after ischemia. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418774254. [PMID: 29854002 PMCID: PMC5968660 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418774254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death. Besides the direct damage resulting from oxygen and glucose deprivation, sterile inflammation plays a pivotal role in increasing cellular death. Damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are passively released from dying cells and activate the innate immune system. Thus, they take part in the direct and rapid activation of the inflammatory response after stroke onset. In this review the role of the most important DAMPs, high mobility group box 1, heat and cold shock proteins, purines, and peroxiredoxins, are addressed. Moreover, intracellular pathways activated by DAMPs in microglia are illuminated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Gülke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|