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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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2
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Cheng L, Yu J, Hao T, Wang W, Wei M, Li G. Advances in Polymeric Micelles: Responsive and Targeting Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy in the Tumor Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2622. [PMID: 38004600 PMCID: PMC10675796 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, to treat a diverse array of cancer forms, considerable advancements have been achieved in the field of cancer immunotherapies. However, these therapies encounter multiple challenges in clinical practice, such as high immune-mediated toxicity, insufficient accumulation in cancer tissues, and undesired off-target reactions. To tackle these limitations and enhance bioavailability, polymer micelles present potential solutions by enabling precise drug delivery to the target site, thus amplifying the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This review article offers an extensive survey of recent progress in cancer immunotherapy strategies utilizing micelles. These strategies include responsive and remodeling approaches to the tumor microenvironment (TME), modulation of immunosuppressive cells within the TME, enhancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors, utilization of cancer vaccine platforms, modulation of antigen presentation, manipulation of engineered T cells, and targeting other components of the TME. Subsequently, we delve into the present state and constraints linked to the clinical utilization of polymeric micelles. Collectively, polymer micelles demonstrate excellent prospects in tumor immunotherapy by effectively addressing the challenges associated with conventional cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (L.C.); (T.H.); (W.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Tangna Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (L.C.); (T.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenshuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (L.C.); (T.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Guiru Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (L.C.); (T.H.); (W.W.)
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Li R, Hao Y, Pan W, Wang W, Min Y. Monophosphoryl lipid A-assembled nanovaccines enhance tumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:482-494. [PMID: 37708924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer nanovaccines can induce strong antitumor immunity and establish long-term immune memory and have shown potential for curing tumors in some clinical trials. However, weak immunogenicity and safety concerns of nanocarriers limit the clinical translation of some therapeutic nanovaccines. Here, we developed minimal-component cancer nanovaccines, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA)-assembled nanovaccines (MANs), that could facilitate the clinical application of nanovaccines. The MANs were formed by protein antigens extracted from chemotherapy-induced tumor cell cultures and the amphiphilic immune adjuvant MPLA. Compared with free chemotherapy-induced antigens, MANs can activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signalling pathway and promote adaptive immunity against tumor antigens. Mechanistic analysis indicated that MANs induced antigen capture of DCs and promoted the activation of DCs and T cells, thereby optimizing the ratio of CD8+ T/Tregs in tumors and facilitating the transformation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) from "cold" to "hot". In a CT26 colorectal cancer model, MANs+αPD-1 significantly improved the efficacy of αPD-1 treatment. Our work offers a strategy for designing minimal-component cancer nanovaccines with potential clinical benefits. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To address the weak immunogenicity of cancer vaccines and the safety concerns of nanocarriers, we prepared MPLA-assembled nanovaccines (MANs) using chemotherapy induced antigens and the immune adjuvant MPLA to promote cancer vaccines to clinical practice. MANs effectively internalized tumor antigens and induced DC maturation, indicating that the initial anti-tumor response had been activated. MANs+αPD-1 induced APCs, CD8+ T cells and memory T cells with positive anti-tumor effects to migrate to tumor tissue, thus leading to the transformation of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". At the animal level, the combination of MANs and αPD-1 exerted synergistic effects and significantly enhanced tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, the treatment regimen of MANs+αPD-1 has potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Xia Y, Fu S, Ma Q, Liu Y, Zhang N. Application of Nano-Delivery Systems in Lymph Nodes for Tumor Immunotherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:145. [PMID: 37269391 PMCID: PMC10239433 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a promising research "hotspot" in cancer treatment. "Soldier" immune cells are not uniform throughout the body; they accumulate mostly in the immune organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs), etc. The unique structure of LNs provides the microenvironment suitable for the survival, activation, and proliferation of multiple types of immune cells. LNs play an important role in both the initiation of adaptive immunity and the generation of durable anti-tumor responses. Antigens taken up by antigen-presenting cells in peripheral tissues need to migrate with lymphatic fluid to LNs to activate the lymphocytes therein. Meanwhile, the accumulation and retaining of many immune functional compounds in LNs enhance their efficacy significantly. Therefore, LNs have become a key target for tumor immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the nonspecific distribution of the immune drugs in vivo greatly limits the activation and proliferation of immune cells, which leads to unsatisfactory anti-tumor effects. The efficient nano-delivery system to LNs is an effective strategy to maximize the efficacy of immune drugs. Nano-delivery systems have shown beneficial in improving biodistribution and enhancing accumulation in lymphoid tissues, exhibiting powerful and promising prospects for achieving effective delivery to LNs. Herein, the physiological structure and the delivery barriers of LNs were summarized and the factors affecting LNs accumulation were discussed thoroughly. Moreover, developments in nano-delivery systems were reviewed and the transformation prospects of LNs targeting nanocarriers were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunli Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Kim CG, Lee JC, Ju DB, Kim SK, Yun CH, Cho CS. Enhancement of Immune Responses Elicited by Nanovaccines through a Cross-Presentation Pathway. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:355-370. [PMID: 36884197 PMCID: PMC9994410 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have aimed to develop novel advanced vaccines, in part because traditional vaccines have been unsuccessful in preventing rapidly emerging and reemerging viral and bacterial infections. There is a need for an advanced vaccine delivery system to ensure the successful induction of humoral and cellular immune responses. In particular, the ability of nanovaccines to modulate intracellular antigen delivery by inducing exogenous antigens (loaded onto major histocompatibility complex class 1 molecules) in CD8+ T cells, the so-called cross-presentation pathway, has attracted a great deal of attention. Protection against viral and intracellular bacterial infections relies on cross-presentation. This review discusses the advantages, requirements, and preparation of nanovaccines, the cross-presentation mechanism, the several parameters affecting cross-presentation by nanovaccines, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Gyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Cheol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Bin Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-Do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Programs in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Astragalus Saponins, Astragaloside VII and Newly Synthesized Derivatives, Induce Dendritic Cell Maturation and T Cell Activation. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030495. [PMID: 36992079 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside VII (AST VII), a triterpenic saponin isolated from Astragalus species, shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant, as it supported a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in previous in vivo studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of its adjuvant activity have not been defined. Here, we investigated the impact of AST VII and its newly synthesized semi-synthetic analogs on human whole blood cells, as well as on mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Cells were stimulated with AST VII and its derivatives in the presence or absence of LPS or PMA/ionomycin and the secretion of cytokines and the expression of activation markers were analyzed using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. AST VII and its analogs increased the production of IL-1β in PMA/ionomycin-stimulated human whole blood cells. In LPS-treated mouse BMDCs, AST VII increased the production of IL-1β and IL-12, and the expression of MHC II, CD86, and CD80. In mixed leukocyte reaction, AST VII and derivatives increased the expression of the activation marker CD44 on mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, AST VII and its derivatives strengthen pro-inflammatory responses and support dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation in vitro. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of the adjuvant activities of AST VII and its analogs, which will be instrumental to improve their utility as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Azharuddin M, Zhu GH, Sengupta A, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Nano toolbox in immune modulation and nanovaccines. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1195-1212. [PMID: 35450779 PMCID: PMC10439010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and often fails to elicit a protective immune response, and sometimes poses unexpected safety risks. The expanding nano toolbox may overcome some of the roadblocks in vaccine development given the plethora of unique nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms that can successfully induce specific immune responses leading to exciting and novel solutions. Nanovaccines necessitate a thorough understanding of the immunostimulatory effect of these nanotools. We present a comprehensive description of strategies in which nanotools have been used to elicit an immune response and provide a perspective on how nanotechnology can lead to future personalized nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK.
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8
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Yu L, Jin Y, Song M, Zhao Y, Zhang H. When Natural Compounds Meet Nanotechnology: Nature-Inspired Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081589. [PMID: 36015215 PMCID: PMC9412684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent significant strides of natural compounds in immunomodulation have highlighted their great potential against cancer. Despite many attempts being made for cancer immunotherapy, the biomedical application of natural compounds encounters a bottleneck because of their unclear mechanisms, low solubility and bioavailability, and limited efficacy. Herein, we summarize the immune regulatory mechanisms of different natural compounds at each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and highlight their anti-tumor potential and current limitations. We then propose and present various drug delivery strategies based on nanotechnology, including traditional nanoparticles (NPs)-based delivery strategies (lipid-based NPs, micelles, and polysaccharide/peptide/protein-based NPs) and novel delivery strategies (cell-derived NPs and carrier-free NPs), thus providing solutions to break through existing bottlenecks. Furthermore, representative applications of nature-inspired nanomedicines are also emphasized in detail with the advantages and disadvantages discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of natural compounds for cancer immunotherapy are provided, hopefully, to facilitate their far-reaching development toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Yu
- People’s Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi 562400, China;
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Mingjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- People’s Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi 562400, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
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9
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Protein corona-driven nanovaccines improve antigen intracellular release and immunotherapy efficacy. J Control Release 2022; 345:601-609. [PMID: 35346769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During vaccine delivery in vivo, the vaccine carrier dynamically adsorbs the surrounding proteins or biomacromolecules to form a protein corona layer, which determines the physiological and therapeutic responses of the vaccine. Although the importance of the protein corona effect in drug delivery is widely accepted, understanding of the rational use of the protein corona to improve antigen controlled release is still sparse. Here, we constructed a protein corona-driven nanovaccine (PCNV), which has the dual effects of resisting the protein corona-induced antigen extracellular release and promoting protein corona-triggered antigen cytosolic release under reductive conditions. Specifically, the nanovaccine was formulated via the assembly of fluorinated dendrigraft-poly-lysine and cleavable antigen-CpG conjugate. Before entering antigen-presenting cells (APCs), the anchoring effect of CpG was used to avoid the dissociation of antigens from the carrier even under the protein corona effect. While nanovaccine enters the APCs, the intracellular reducing conditions can induce a break in the disulfide bond between CpG and antigen. Notably, at the same time, the intracellular protein corona effect triggers antigen release from the carrier and achieves efficient antigen presentation. In addition, the PCNV produced a significant prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor response in the mouse model. Therefore, the rational use of the protein corona effect provides an effective strategy for vaccine delivery.
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Mohseninia A, Dehghani P, Bargahi A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Rahimikian R, Movahed A, Reza Farzaneh M, Mohammadi M. Harnessing self-assembling peptide nanofibers toprime robust tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108522. [PMID: 35032825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Induction of tumor-specific CD8 + T cell responses is known as a major challenge for cancer vaccine development; here we presented a strategy to improve peptide nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune responses. To this end, peptide nanofibers bearing class I (Kb)-restricted epitope (Epi-Nano) were formulated with polyethylene imine backbone (Epi-Nano-PEI), and characterized using morphological and physicochemicalcharacterizationtechniques. Nanofibers were studied in terms of their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), antigen cross-presentation capacity, and cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, nanofibers were assessed by their potency to induce NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines and factors. Finally, the ability of nanofibers to induce tumor-specific CD8 T cells and tumor protection were investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI led to the formation of short strand nanofibers with a positive surface charge, a low critical aggregation concentration (CAC), and an increased resistancetoproteolytic degradation. Epi-Nano-PEI was significantly taken up more efficiently by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and was more potent in cross-presentation when compared to Epi-Nano. Moreover, Epi-Nano-PEI, in comparison to Epi-Nano, efficiently up-regulated the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1b, IL18 and IL-6. Cell viability analysis showed that formulation of PEI with Epi-Nano not only abolished its cytotoxic activity, but surprisingly induced macrophage proliferation. Furthermore, it demonstrated that Epi-Nano-PEI triggered robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and induced maximum antitumor response (tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival) in tumor-bearing mice that were significantly higher compared to Epi-Nano. Taken together, the formulation of Epi-Nano with PEI is suggested as a promising strategy to improve nanofibers-mounted antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mohseninia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Parva Dehghani
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University Of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Raha Rahimikian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Movahed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University Of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Lamrayah M, Phelip C, Coiffier C, Lacroix C, Willemin T, Trimaille T, Verrier B. A Polylactide-Based Micellar Adjuvant Improves the Intensity and Quality of Immune Response. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010107. [PMID: 35057003 PMCID: PMC8778782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelles from amphiphilic polylactide-block-poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PLA-b-P(NAS-co-NVP)) block copolymers of 105 nm in size were characterized and evaluated in a vaccine context. The micelles were non-toxic in vitro (both in dendritic cells and HeLa cells). In vitro fluorescence experiments combined with in vivo fluorescence tomography imaging, through micelle loading with the DiR near infrared probe, suggested an efficient uptake of the micelles by the immune cells. The antigenic protein p24 of the HIV-1 was successfully coupled on the micelles using the reactive N-succinimidyl ester groups on the micelle corona, as shown by SDS-PAGE analyses. The antigenicity of the coupled antigen was preserved and even improved, as assessed by the immuno-enzymatic (ELISA) test. Then, the performances of the micelles in immunization were investigated and compared to different p24-coated PLA nanoparticles, as well as Alum and MF59 gold standards, following a standardized HIV-1 immunization protocol in mice. The humoral response intensity (IgG titers) was substantially similar between the PLA micelles and all other adjuvants over an extended time range (one year). More interestingly, this immune response induced by PLA micelles was qualitatively higher than the gold standards and PLA nanoparticles analogs, expressed through an increasing avidity index over time (>60% at day 365). Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of such small-sized micellar systems for vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lamrayah
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.T.)
| | - Capucine Phelip
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
| | - Céline Coiffier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
| | - Thibaut Willemin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
| | - Thomas Trimaille
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.T.)
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines (IBCP), CNRS UMR 5305, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France; (C.P.); (C.C.); (C.L.); (T.W.); (B.V.)
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12
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Du Y, Song T, Wu J, Gao XD, Ma G, Liu Y, Xia Y. Engineering mannosylated pickering emulsions for the targeted delivery of multicomponent vaccines. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121313. [PMID: 34894583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While research on cancer vaccines has made great strides in the field of immunotherapy, the targeted delivery of multiple effective components (rational-tailored antigens and adjuvants) remains a challenge. Here, we utilized the unique hierarchical structures of Pickering emulsions (particles, oil core, and water-oil interface) to develop mannosylated (M) Pickering emulsions (PE) that target antigen presenting cells and synergistically deliver antigenic peptides and the TLR9 agonist CpG (C) as an enhanced cancer vaccine (MPE-C). We chemically linked mannose residues to PLGA/PLAG-PEG nanoparticles and produced a dense array of mannose on the nanopatterned surface of Pickering emulsions, allowing for increased cellular targeting. Together with the inherent deformability of the oily core, MPE-C increased the droplet-cellular contact area and provoked the cellular recognition of mannose and CpG for enhanced immune activation. We found that MPE-C attracted a large number of APCs to the local site of administration, evidently increasing cellular uptake and activation. Additionally, we observed increased antigen-specific cellular immune responses, with potent anti-tumor effects against both E.G7-OVA and B16-MUCI tumors. Furthermore, MPE-C combined with PD-1 antibodies produced a significant tumor regression, resulting in synergistic increases in anti-tumor effects. Thus, through the strategic loading of mannose, antigens, and CpG, Pickering emulsions could serve as a targeted delivery platform for enhanced multicomponent cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Tiantian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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13
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Zhu M. Immunological perspectives on spatial and temporal vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113966. [PMID: 34506868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The so-called rational design of vaccines has been a very attractive concept and also an important direction for vaccine research and development. However, the underlying rationales, especially on the immunological aspect, remain less systemically and deeply understood. Given the critical role of lymph nodes (LNs) in the induction of B and T cell responses upon vaccination, LN targeting has been a popular strategy in vaccine design. The LN is a highly organized structure; induction of adaptive immune response is highly orchestrated by various types of LN stromal cells and hematopoietic immune cells both spatially and temporally. Thus, not only LN targeting, but also cellular targeting and even subcellular compartment targeting should be considered for specifically enhanced vaccine efficacy. Moreover, temporal control of vaccine antigen and adjuvant delivery may also optimize the immune response.
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14
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Lee A, Dadhwal S, Gamble A, Hook S. Liposomes with cyclodextrin channels and polyethyleneimine (PEI) improves cytoplasmic vaccine delivery and induces anti-cancer immune activity in mice. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:22-31. [PMID: 33006297 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1831016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been developed as an additional method of treatment in the fight against cancer. However, an important barrier to an effective vaccine is the inefficient presentation of exogenous antigen by dendritic cells to cytotoxic CD8 T cells. In this study, DPPC liposomes were modified with channels and loaded with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) to produce a vaccine carrier. The liposomes were designed to be pH responsive to facilitate delivery of antigens directly to the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells, bypassing the cross-presentation pathway and improving cellular immune responses. The lysis of liposomes in acidic cell-free conditions was measured using a validated dynamic light scattering assay in order to gain an insight into the mechanism of PEI-mediated lysis. Dendritic cell stimulation and T cell proliferation was investigated in vitro and the potential of this formulation to stimulate a therapeutic anti-cancer immune response was examined in a murine melanoma model. The modified formulation stimulated T cell activation in vitro and induced a small but significant increase in survival in immunized mice. Overall, liposomes modified with PEI and channels successfully delivered antigen to the cytoplasm of dendritic cells, which subsequently led to the development of an appropriate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Lee
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sumit Dadhwal
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan Gamble
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Liu M, Fang X, Yang Y, Wang C. Peptide-Enabled Targeted Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:701504. [PMID: 34277592 PMCID: PMC8281044 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.701504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-targeting peptides have been extensively pursued for improving binding specificity and effective accumulation of drugs at the site of interest, and have remained challenging for extensive research efforts relating to chemotherapy in cancer treatments. By chemically linking a ligand of interest to drug-loaded nanocarriers, active targeting systems could be constructed. Peptide-functionalized nanostructures have been extensively pursued for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biological imaging, liquid biopsy, and targeted therapies, and widely recognized as candidates of novel therapeutics due to their high specificity, well biocompatibility, and easy availability. We will endeavor to review a variety of strategies that have been demonstrated for improving receptor-specificity of the drug-loaded nanoscale structures using peptide ligands targeting tumor-related receptors. The effort could illustrate that the synergism of nano-sized structures with receptor-targeting peptides could lead to enrichment of biofunctions of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Effects on immunization of the physicochemical parameters of particles as vaccine carriers. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1712-1720. [PMID: 33737073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has milestone significance for the prophylactic and complete elimination of infectious diseases. However, combating malignant infectious diseases, such as Ebola or HIV, remains a challenge. It is necessary to explore novel technologies to facilitate the immune profile of vaccines. Particles exhibit a remarkable ability to modulate sophisticated immunity because of their intrinsic adjuvanticity or codelivery with immunostimulatory molecules. Recently, particles have been broadly investigated as carriers for vaccine delivery. Their physicochemical parameters (e.g., size, shape, and surface chemistry) significantly influence their in vivo fate and subsequent immunization effect. Herein, we highlight several types of particulate carrier used in the delivery of vaccines. We also examine how to engineer the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate adjuvants to make them robust candidates for a versatile vaccine delivery platform.
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17
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Wan Z, Zheng R, Moharil P, Liu Y, Chen J, Sun R, Song X, Ao Q. Polymeric Micelles in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:1220. [PMID: 33668746 PMCID: PMC7956602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have generated some miracles in the clinic by orchestrating our immune system to combat cancer cells. However, the safety and efficacy concerns of the systemic delivery of these immunostimulatory agents has limited their application. Nanomedicine-based delivery strategies (e.g., liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, silico, etc.) play an essential role in improving cancer immunotherapies, either by enhancing the anti-tumor immune response, or reducing their systemic adverse effects. The versatility of working with biocompatible polymers helps these polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key carrier to improve bioavailability and achieve specific delivery at the site of action. This review provides a summary of the latest advancements in the use of polymeric micelles for cancer immunotherapy, including their application in delivering immunological checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory molecules, engineered T cells, and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wan
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruohui Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Pearl Moharil
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Z.W.); (J.C.); (X.S.)
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18
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Optimal combination treatment regimens of vaccine and radiotherapy augment tumor-bearing host immunity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:78. [PMID: 33469123 PMCID: PMC7815836 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle to immunotherapy is insufficient infiltration of effector immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy greatly reduces tumor burden but relapses often occur. Here we show that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was gradually established by recruiting Tregs after radiation. Despite tumors being controlled after depletion of Tregs in the irradiated area, improvement of mice survival remained poor. A much better antitumor effect was achieved with vaccination followed by radiation than other treatments. Vaccination followed by radiation recruited more effector T cells in tumor regions, which responded to high levels of chemokines. Sequential combination of vaccination and radiotherapy could elicit distinct host immune responses. Our study demonstrated that optimal combination of irradiation and vaccination is required to achieve effective antitumor immune responses. We propose a combination regimen that could be easily translated into the clinic and offer an opportunity for rational combination therapies design in cancer treatment.
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19
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Fang X, Zhang K, Jiang M, Ma L, Liu J, Xu H, Yang Y, Wang C. Enhanced lymphatic delivery of nanomicelles encapsulating CXCR4-recognizing peptide and doxorubicin for the treatment of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120183. [PMID: 33340596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastases in cancer patients are associated with high aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and short survival time. The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)/stroma derived factor 1α (CXCL12) biological axis plays a critical role in the spread of cancer cells. Designing effective delivery systems that can successfully deliver CXCR4 antagonists to lymph nodes, which are rich in CXCR4-overexpressing cancer cells, for controlling cancer metastasis remain challenging. In this study, we demonstrated that such a challenge may be alleviated by developing nanometer-sized polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) micelles for the co-delivery of the CXCR4 antagonistic peptide E5 and doxorubicin (M-E5-Dox). This nanomicelle platform enables the preferential accumulation of cargos into lymph nodes and thus can better inhibit cancer metastasis and enhance antitumor efficacy than either free drugs or single drug-loaded micelles in breast cancer-bearing mouse models. Hence, M-E5-Dox is expected to be a potential therapeutic agent that would improve the clinical benefits of breast cancer therapy and treatment of various CXCR4-overexpressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lilusi Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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20
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Wibowo D, Jorritsma SHT, Gonzaga ZJ, Evert B, Chen S, Rehm BHA. Polymeric nanoparticle vaccines to combat emerging and pandemic threats. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120597. [PMID: 33360074 PMCID: PMC7834201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are more advantageous than live attenuated vaccines in terms of safety and scale-up manufacture. However, this often comes as a trade-off to their efficacy. Over the years, polymeric nanoparticles have been developed to improve vaccine potency, by engineering their physicochemical properties to incorporate multiple immunological cues to mimic pathogenic microbes and viruses. This review covers recent advances in polymeric nanostructures developed toward particulate vaccines. It focuses on the impact of microbe mimicry (e.g. size, charge, hydrophobicity, and surface chemistry) on modulation of the nanoparticles’ delivery, trafficking, and targeting antigen-presenting cells to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. This review also provides up-to-date progresses on rational designs of a wide variety of polymeric nanostructures that are loaded with antigens and immunostimulatory molecules, ranging from particles, micelles, nanogels, and polymersomes to advanced core-shell structures where polymeric particles are coated with lipids, cell membranes, or proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wibowo
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sytze H T Jorritsma
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Benjamin Evert
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, 4111, Australia.
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21
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Wilhelm J, Quiñones-Pérez M, Wang J, Wang X, Basava VS, Gao J. Antigen folding improves loading efficiency and antitumor efficacy of PC7A nanoparticle vaccine. J Control Release 2020; 329:353-360. [PMID: 33301836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines hold great promise to produce antigen-specific T cell immunity for personalized therapy of cancer. Previously, we reported an ultra-pH-sensitive nanoparticle, PC7A, capable of priming an efficacious immune response without significant systemic toxicity. Despite the early success, the relationship between antigen properties and encapsulation efficiency for downstream immune activation remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated a small library of melanoma antigens and the effects of several formulation methods on the efficiency of peptide loading inside PC7A nanoparticles. Results show loading efficiency is not highly dependent on the formulation methods, but instead mainly driven by the peptide antigen properties. In particular, we identified a phase transition event, namely the folding of antigenic peptides from random coils to α-helical structure, is important for antigen loading inside PC7A nanoparticles. Mutation of a peptide that abrogates the formation of helical structure resulted in poor loading efficiency. Antitumor efficacy studies in melanoma-bearing mice demonstrate the importance of peptide loading in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. This study highlights the contribution of phase transition of peptide antigens on vaccine formulation in order to make widespread use of personalized nanoparticle vaccines feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wilhelm
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Manuel Quiñones-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vijay S Basava
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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22
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Harizaj A, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I, Braeckmans K. Physical transfection technologies for macrophages and dendritic cells in immunotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:229-247. [PMID: 32985919 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1828340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, two important antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the innate immune system, are being explored for the use in cell-based cancer immunotherapy. For this application, the therapeutic potential of patient-derived APCs is increased by delivering different types of functional macromolecules, such as mRNA and pDNA, into their cytosol. Compared to the use of viral and non-viral delivery vectors, physical intracellular delivery techniques are known to be more straightforward, more controllable, faster and generate high delivery efficiencies. AREAS COVERED This review starts with electroporation as the most traditional physical transfection method, before continuing with the more recent technologies such as sonoporation, nanowires and microfluidic cell squeezing. A description is provided of each of those intracellular delivery technologies with their strengths and weaknesses, especially paying attention to delivery efficiency and safety profile. EXPERT OPINION Given the common use of electroporation for the production of therapeutic APCs, it is recommended that more detailed studies are performed on the effect of electroporation on APC fitness, even down to the genetic level. Newer intracellular delivery technologies seem to have less impact on APC functionality but further work is needed to fully uncover their suitability to transfect APCs with different types of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Yin X, Zeng W, Wu B, Wang L, Wang Z, Tian H, Wang L, Jiang Y, Clay R, Wei X, Qin Y, Zhang F, Zhang C, Jin L, Liang W. PPARα Inhibition Overcomes Tumor-Derived Exosomal Lipid-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108278. [PMID: 33086073 PMCID: PMC7771208 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate the initiation, programming, and regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs), characterized with both increased intracellular lipid content and mitochondrial respiration. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unclear. Here, we report that fatty acid-carrying tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) induce immune dysfunctional DCs to promote immune evasion. Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α responds to the fatty acids delivered by TDEs, resulting in excess lipid droplet biogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), culminating in a metabolic shift toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which drives DC immune dysfunction. Genetic depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PPARα effectively attenuates TDE-induced DC-based immune dysfunction and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. This work uncovers a role for TDE-mediated immune modulation in DCs and reveals that PPARα lies at the center of metabolic-immune regulation of DCs, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic target. Yin et al. reveal that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), as fatty acid carriers, induce a metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation, driving DC immune dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis identifies PPARα as the fatty acid sensor mediating the immunosuppressive effects of TDEs on DCs. PPARα blockade effectively restores DC function and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Hongjian Tian
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA
| | - Ryan Clay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3033, USA.
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China.
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Alzhrani RF, Xu H, Valdes SA, Cui Z. Intranasal delivery of a nicotine vaccine candidate induces antibodies in mouse blood and lung mucosal secretions that specifically neutralize nicotine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1656-1664. [PMID: 32892651 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1820033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The majority of the smokers have tried to quit, but only a few of them were able to achieve long-term abstinence, due to the high addictiveness of nicotine. Nicotine-specific antibodies have the potential to block the euphoric effect of nicotine by forming antibody-antigen complexes in the blood circulation. Since nicotine is taken largely by inhalation, inducing anti-nicotine antibodies in lung and nasal mucosal secretions, in addition to blood circulation, is expected to be beneficial. SIGNIFICANCE The importance of this study is to establish the feasibility of inducing nicotine-neutralizing antibodies not only in the blood, but also in the lung and nasal mucosal secretions, by intranasal administration of a nicotine vaccine candidate. METHODS Nicotine-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate (Nic-KLH) was prepared and mixed with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) as an adjuvant. Nic-KLH/MPL was given intranasally or subcutaneously to mice, and the titers, affinity, and specificity of the nicotine-specific antibodies in nasal and lung mucosal secretions and blood samples were determined using (competitive) ELISA. RESULTS Nasal Nic-KLH/MPL immunization elicited robust nicotine-specific neutralizing IgA in mouse nasal and lung secretions, in additional to anti-nicotine IgG in blood circulation. The nicotine-specific IgG level in mice nasally immunized with Nic-KLH/MPL was lower than in mice subcutaneously immunized with the same Nic-KLH/MPL, but a heterologous prime-boost immunization strategy helped to increase it. CONCLUSION Intranasal immunization with a nicotine vaccine candidate can induce systemic and mucosal antibodies that specifically neutralize nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad F Alzhrani
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Solange A Valdes
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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25
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Xu H, Alzhrani RF, Warnken ZN, Thakkar SG, Zeng M, Smyth HDC, Williams RO, Cui Z. Immunogenicity of Antigen Adjuvanted with AS04 and Its Deposition in the Upper Respiratory Tract after Intranasal Administration. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3259-3269. [PMID: 32787271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant system 04 (AS04) is in injectable human vaccines. AS04 contains two known adjuvants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and insoluble aluminum salts. Data from previous studies showed that both MPL and insoluble aluminum salts have nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity. The present study was designed to test the feasibility of using AS04 as an adjuvant to help nasally administered antigens to induce specific mucosal and systemic immunity as well as to evaluate the deposition of antigens in the upper respiratory tract when adjuvanted with AS04. Alhydrogel, an aluminum (oxy)hydroxide suspension, was mixed with MPL to form AS04, which was then mixed with ovalbumin (OVA) or 3× M2e-HA2, a synthetic influenza virus hemagglutinin fusion protein, as an antigen to prepare OVA/AS04 and 3× M2e-HA2/AS04 vaccines, respectively. In mice, AS04 enabled antigens, when given intranasally, to induce specific IgA response in nasal and lung mucosal secretions as well as specific IgG response in the serum samples of the immunized mice, whereas subcutaneous injection of the same vaccine induced specific antibody responses only in the serum samples but not in the mucosal secretions. Splenocytes isolated from mice intranasally immunized with the OVA/AS04 also proliferated and released cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IFN-γ) after in vitro stimulation with the antigen. In the immunogenicity test, intranasal OVA/AS04 was not more effective than intranasal OVA/MPL at the dosing regimens tested. However, when compared to OVA/MPL, OVA/AS04 showed a different atomized droplet size distribution and more importantly a more favorable OVA deposition profile when atomized into a nasal cast that was 3-D printed based on the computer tomography scan of the nose of a child. It is concluded that AS04 has mucosal adjuvant activity when given intranasally. In addition, there is a reason to be optimistic about using AS04 as an adjuvant to target an antigen of interest to the right region of the nasal cavity in humans for immune response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Riyad F Alzhrani
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary N Warnken
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert O Williams
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Chen A, Sack M, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:646-655. [PMID: 32669664 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) were made available in record time, allowing the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines along with subunit vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment. Nanotechnology benefits modern vaccine design since nanomaterials are ideal for antigen delivery, as adjuvants, and as mimics of viral structures. In fact, the first vaccine candidate launched into clinical trials is an mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles. To eradicate pandemics, present and future, a successful vaccine platform must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing and global distribution. Here, we review current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development and highlight the role of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Mohammadi M, Dehghani P, Mohseninia A, Roozbehani M, Hemphill A, Hesamizadeh K. Incorporation of the Tat cell-penetrating peptide into nanofibers improves the respective antitumor immune response. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1401-1417. [PMID: 32686113 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for the development of anticancer vaccines is the induction of a safe and effective immune response, particularly mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes, in an adjuvant-free manner. In this respect, we present a simple strategy to improve the specific CD8+ T cell responses using KFE8 nanofibers bearing a Class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope (called E. nanofibers) without the use of adjuvant. We demonstrate that incorporation of Tat, a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) of the HIV transactivator protein, into E. nanofibers remarkably enhanced tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. E. nanofibers containing 12.5% Tat peptide (E.Tat12.5 nanofiber) increased antigen cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as compared with E. nanofibers, or E. nanofibers containing 25 or 50% the Tat peptide. Uptake of KFE8.Tat12.5 nanofibers by dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly increased compared with KFE8 nanofiber lacking Tat. Peritoneal and lymph node DCs of mice immunized with E.Tat12.5 nanofibers exhibited increased presentation of the H2kb-epitope (reminiscent for cross-presentation) compared with DCs obtained from E. nanofiber vaccinated mice. Tetrameric and intracellular cytokine staining revealed that vaccination with E.Tat12.5 triggered a robust and specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response, which was more pronounced than in mice vaccinated with E. nanofibers alone. Furthermore, E.Tat12.5 nanofibers were more potent than E. nanofiber to induce antitumor immune response and tumor-infiltrating IFN-γ CD8 T lymphocyte. In terms of cancer vaccine development, we propose that harnessing the nanofiber-based vaccine platform with incorporated Tat peptide could present a simple and promising strategy to induce highly effective antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Department, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Parva Dehghani
- Biotechnology Department, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Atefeh Mohseninia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mona Roozbehani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pthobiology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Khashayar Hesamizadeh
- Department of Virology, Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Liu Z, Han C, Dong C, Shen A, Hsu E, Ren Z, Lu C, Liu L, Zhang A, Timmerman C, Pu Y, Wang Y, Chen M, Qiao J, Fu YX. Hypofractionated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor limits tumor relapse through triggering innate and adaptive immunity. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/38/eaav6473. [PMID: 31399492 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a first-line therapy for rapidly killing tumors such as those associated with non-small cell lung cancer by blocking oncogenic receptor signaling, but tumor relapse often occurs. Here, we have observed that hypofractionated EGFR TKI treatment (HypoTKI) is more potent than standard hyperfractionated EGFR TKI treatment (HyperTKI), and its antitumor effect associated with preventing tumor relapse depends on T cells. HypoTKI triggers greater innate sensing for type I IFN and CXCL10 production through the Myd88 signaling pathway to enhance tumor-specific T cell infiltration and reactivation. We also demonstrate that timely programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade can synergize with HypoTKI to control advanced large tumors and effectively limit tumor relapse without severe side effects. Our study provides evidence for exploring the potential of a proper combination of EGFR TKIs and immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for treating EGFR-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Liu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Chuanhui Han
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Aijun Shen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Eric Hsu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Changzheng Lu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Longchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Anli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Casey Timmerman
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang Pu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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29
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Wang L, Wang Z, Qin Y, Liang W. Delivered antigen peptides to resident CD8α+ DCs in lymph node by micelle-based vaccine augment antigen-specific CD8+ effector T cell response. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 147:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Wang L, Zeng W, Wang L, Wang Z, Yin X, Qin Y, Zhang F, Zhang C, Liang W. Naringenin Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Therapeutic Vaccines by Promoting Antigen Cross-Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:622-631. [PMID: 31871020 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can internalize and cross-present exogenous Ags to CD8+ T cells for pathogen or tumor cell elimination. Recently, growing evidences suggest the possible immunoregulatory role of flavonoids through modulating the Ag presentation of DCs. In this study, we report that naringenin, a grapefruit-derived flavonoid, possesses the ability to increase the Ag cross-presentation in both murine DC line DC2.4 as well as bone marrow-derived DCs, and naringenin-induced moderate intracellular oxidative stress that contributed to the disruption of lysosomal membrane enhanced Ag leakage to cytosol and cross-presentation. Moreover, in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model, naringenin induced more CD103+ DCs infiltration into tumor and facilitated the activation of CD8+ T cells and strengthened the performance of therapeutic E7 vaccine against TC-1 murine lung cancer. Our investigations may inspire novel thoughts for vaccine design and open a new field of potential applications of flavonoids as immunomodulators to improve host protection against infection and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Luyao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Zihao Wang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Yan Qin
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
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31
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Nanotechnology in the arena of cancer immunotherapy. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:58-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Targeting innate sensing in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:13-26. [PMID: 31844141 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune sensing pathways play critical roles in the defense against pathogen infection, but their roles in cancer immunosurveillance and cancer therapies are less defined. We propose that defective innate immune sensing inside the tumor microenvironment might limit T-cell responses to immunotherapy. A recent mechanistic understanding of conventional therapies revealed that both innate immune sensing and T-cell responses are essential for optimal antitumor efficacy. T-cell-based immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has achieved great success in reactivating antitumor immune responses to lead to tumor regression, but only in a small fraction of patients. Therefore, incorporating conventional therapy that can increase innate sensing and immunotherapy should lead to promising strategies for cancer patients. Here, we review the innate sensing pathways related to cancer initiation/progression and therapies, summarize the recent key findings in innate immune sensing related to conventional therapies, evaluate current combination strategies, and highlight the potential issues of combinational therapies in terms of antitumor efficacy and toxicities.
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33
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Trimaille T, Lacroix C, Verrier B. Self-assembled amphiphilic copolymers as dual delivery system for immunotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:232-239. [PMID: 31229673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines using recombinant antigens appear as the privileged vaccination technology for safety reasons but still require the development of carriers/adjuvants ensuring optimal immunogenicity and efficacy. Micelles from self-assembled amphiphilic copolymers have recently emerged as highly relevant and promising candidates owing to their ease of preparation, low size (entering in lymphatic capillaries for reaching lymph nodes), size/surface tunability and chemical versatility enabling introduction of stimuli (e.g. pH) responsive features and biofunctionalization with dedicated molecules. In particular, research efforts have increasingly focused on dendritic cells (DCs) targeting and activation by co-delivering (with antigen) ligands of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, e.g. toll-like receptors). Such strategy has appeared as one of the most effective for eliciting CD 8+ T-cell response, which is crucial in the eradication of tumors and numerous infectious diseases. In this short review, we highlight the recent advances in such micelle-based carriers in subunit vaccination and how their precise engineering can be a strong asset for guiding and controlling immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Trimaille
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France.
| | - Céline Lacroix
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5305, Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, IBCP, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5305, Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, IBCP, 69367 Lyon, France
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Magiri R, Mutwiri G, Wilson HL. Recent advances in experimental polyphosphazene adjuvants and their mechanisms of action. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:465-471. [PMID: 30294754 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination continues to be a very important public health intervention to control infectious diseases in the world. Subunit vaccines are generally poorly immunogenic and require the addition of adjuvants to induce protective immune responses. Despite their critical role in vaccines, adjuvant mechanism of action remains poorly understood, which is a barrier to the development of new, safe and effective vaccines. In the present review, we focus on recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of the experimental adjuvants poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) and poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethyl-phenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) (in this review, adjuvants PCPP and PCEP are collectively referred to as PZ denoting polyphosphazenes). PZs are high molecular weight, water-soluble, synthetic polymers that have been shown to regulate innate immune response genes, induce cytokines and chemokines secretion at the site of injection and, also, induce immune cell recruitment to the site of injection to create a local immune-competent environment. There is an evidence that as well as its role as an immunoadjuvant (that activate innate immune responses), PZ can also act as a vaccine carrier. The mechanism of action that explains how PZ leads to these effects is not known and is a barrier to the development of designer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royford Magiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - George Mutwiri
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- VIDO-InterVac, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Canada.
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35
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Recent advances in applying nanotechnologies for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2018; 288:239-263. [PMID: 30223043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aimed at boosting cancer-specific immunoresponses to eradicate tumor cells has evolved as a new treatment modality. Nanoparticles incorporating antigens and immunomodulatory agents can activate immune cells and modulate the tumor microenvironment to enhance anti-tumor immunity. The nanotechnology approach has been demonstrated to be superior to standard formulations in in-vivo settings. In this article, we focus on recent advances made within the last 5 years in nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy, including peptide- and nucleic acid-based nanovaccines, nanomedicines containing an immunoadjuvant to activate anti-tumor immunity, nanoparticle delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the combination of the above approaches. Encouraging results and new emerging nanotechnologies in drug delivery promise the continuous growth of this field and ultimately clinical translation of enhanced immunotherapy of cancer.
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36
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Bobbala S, Gibson B, Gamble AB, McDowell A, Hook S. Poloxamer 407-chitosan grafted thermoresponsive hydrogels achieve synchronous and sustained release of antigen and adjuvant from single-shot vaccines. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:656-665. [PMID: 29499080 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustained-release vaccine delivery systems may enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines and reduce the need for multiple vaccinations. The aim of this study was to develop a thermoresponsive hydrogel using poloxamer 407-chitosan (CP) grafted copolymer as a delivery system for single-shot sustained-release vaccines. The CP copolymer was synthesized using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The CP copolymer was a free flowing solution at ambient temperature and transformed rapidly into a gel at body temperature. The hydrogels were loaded with vaccine antigen and adjuvants or the vaccine components were encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in order to ensure synchronous release. The CP hydrogels were stable for up to 18 days in vitro. Release of both nanoparticles and the individual components was complete, with release of the individual components being modulated by incorporation into nanoparticles. In vivo, a single dose of CP hydrogel vaccine induced strong, long lasting, cellular and humoral responses that could protect against the development of tumors in a murine melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bobbala
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Blake Gibson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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