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I Fernández-Avila A, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Martín de Miguel I, Sanz-Ruiz R, Gabaldón Á, Fernández-Avilés F, Gómez-Lara J, Fernández-Castillo M, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Martínez-Legazpi P, Lozano-Garcia N, Blázquez-López E, Yotti R, López-Cade I, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Elízaga J, Correa R, Bermejo J. One-year longitudinal changes of peripheral CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, gut microbiome, and plaque vulnerability after an acute coronary syndrome. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 53:101438. [PMID: 38912228 PMCID: PMC11190720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Longitudinal changes in gut microbiome and inflammation may be involved in the evolution of atherosclerosis after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to characterize repeated profiles of gut microbiota and peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes during the first year after an ACS, and to address their relationship with atherosclerotic plaque changes. Methods Over one year we measured the microbiome, peripheral counts of CD4+ T populations and cytokines in 67 patients shortly after a first ACS. We compared baseline measurements to those of a matched population of 40 chronic patients. A subgroup of 20 ACS patients underwent repeated assessment of fibrous cap thickness (FCT) of a non-culprit lesion. Results At admission, ACS patients showed gut dysbiosis compared with the chronic group, which was rapidly reduced and remained low at 1-year. Also, their Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T counts were increased but decreased over time. The CD4+ T counts were related to ongoing changes in gut microbiome. Unsupervised clustering of repeated CD4+ Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg counts in ACS patients identified two different cell trajectory patterns, related to cytokines. The group of patients following a high-CD4+ T cell trajectory showed a one-year reduction in their FCT [net effect = -24.2 µm; p = 0.016]. Conclusions Patients suffering an ACS show altered profiles of microbiome and systemic inflammation that tend to mimic values of chronic patients after 1-year. However, in one-third of patients, this inflammatory state remains particularly dysregulated. This persistent inflammation is likely related to plaque vulnerability as evident by fibrous cap thinning (Clinical Trial NCT03434483).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Fernández-Avila
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibanes
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martín de Miguel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gabaldón
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Gómez-Lara
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, and CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Castillo
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Vázquez-Cuesta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Legazpi
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Mathematical Physics and Fluids, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Lozano-Garcia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blázquez-López
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor López-Cade
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Elízaga
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Correa
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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Sun X, Xia X, Xue J, Gu Y, Chen Z, Liu P, Wang F, Zhou X, Liu J, Wang L, Li X. Seasonal variability of lesions distribution in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11831. [PMID: 38783036 PMCID: PMC11116500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variability could have an impact on the incidence and outcome of stroke. However, little is known about the correlation between seasonal variability and location of acute cerebral infarction. This study aimed to explore the relationship between onset season and the lesions distribution of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We retrospectively analysis data from 1488 AIS patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2018 to 2022. All subjects completed head magnetic resonance imaging examination (MRI) and were divided into four groups according to the onset seasons. The lesions distribution of AIS was evaluated for anterior/posterior/double circulation infarction (DCI), unilateral/bilateral infarctions, and single/multiple cerebral infarctions based on MRI. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association of season with lesions distribution of AIS. Subgroup analysis was performed in different stroke subtypes. Of 1488 patients, 387 (26.0%) AIS occurred in spring, 425 (28.6%) in summer, 331 (22.2%) in autumn and 345 (23.2%) in winter. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the winter group had 2.15 times (95% CI:1.44-3.21) risk of multiple infarctions, 2.69 times (95% CI:1.80-4.02) of bilateral infarctions and 1.54 times (95% CI:1.05-2.26) of DCI compared with summer group, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of multiple (p < 0.01) or bilateral infarctions (p < 0.01) in small-artery occlusion (SAO) subtype, and higher risk of bilateral infarctions (p < 0.01) or DCI (p < 0.05) in large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype during winter. No significant associations of season with lesions distribution in cardioembolism subtype. Our study highlighted a prominent seasonal variability in the lesions distribution of AIS, particularly in LAA and SAO subtypes. The findings could help to formulating meteorological risk warning strategies for different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuyin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Center for Health and Meteorology Multidisciplinary Innovation, Tianjin, China.
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Dolade N, Rayego-Mateos S, Garcia-Carrasco A, Guerin M, Martín-Ventura JL, Ruiz-Ortega M, Tharaux PL, Valdivielso JM. B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator could be a new player in accelerated atherosclerosis associated with chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1409-1429. [PMID: 37655751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular morbi-mortality is higher than in general population. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is accelerated in CKD, but specific CKD-related risk factors for atherosclerosis are unknown. METHODS CKD patients from the NEFRONA study were used. We performed mRNA array from blood of patients free from atheroma plaque at baseline, with (n=10) and without (n=10) de novo atherosclerotic plaque development 2 years later. Selected mRNA candidates were validated in a bigger sample (n=148). Validated candidates were investigated in vivo in an experimental model of CKD-accelerated atherosclerosis, and in vitro in murine macrophages. RESULTS mRNA array analysis showed 92 up-regulated and 67 down-regulated mRNAs in samples from CKD patients with de novo plaque development. The functional analysis pointed to a paramount role of the immune response. The validation in a bigger sample confirmed that B- and T-lymphocyte co-inhibitory molecule (BTLA) down-regulation was associated with de novo plaque presence after 2 years. However, BTLA down-regulation was not found to be associated with atherosclerotic progression in patients with plaque already present at baseline. In a model of CKD-accelerated atherosclerosis, mRNA and protein expression levels of BTLA were significantly decreased in blood samples and atheroma plaques. Plaques from animals with CKD were bigger, had more infiltration of inflammatory cells, higher expression of IL6 and IL17 and less presence of collagen than plaques from control animals. Incubation of macrophages with rat uremic serum decreased BTLA expression. CONCLUSIONS BTLA could be a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for atherosclerosis incidence in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Dolade
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Alicia Garcia-Carrasco
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM UMR_S 1166 - ICAN. Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière: 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jose-Luis Martín-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular research Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jose Manuel Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
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Wang B, Hou X, Sun Y, Lei C, Yang S, Zhu Y, Jiang Y, Song L. Interleukin-17A influences the vulnerability rather than the size of established atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1104-1115. [PMID: 36133421 PMCID: PMC9462543 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A plays a role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE–/–) mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis, followed by the treatment with exogenous recombinant IL-17A or the neutralizing antibody to confirm the impact of IL-17A on the established atherosclerotic plaques. We found that both the stimulation of IL-17A and blockage of endogenous IL-17 via antibody did not affect the size of the established plaques. However, IL-17A significantly increased the vulnerability of plaques characterized by the accumulation of lipids and T cells with a concurrent decrease in the number of smooth muscle cells. In addition, the blockage by IL-17 neutralizing antibody attenuated plaque vulnerability. Furthermore, we found that although IL-17A did not affect the efferocytosis of macrophages to apoptotic cells, it promoted the apoptosis of macrophages in the presence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Also, IL-17A upregulated chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL-10 expression in the plaques. Our data indicated that IL-17A controlled both SMC and macrophage accumulation and the apoptosis within the plaque, which may further weaken the aorta wall. This study suggests that IL-17A may be a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xitan Hou
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Lei
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingming Jiang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City, 272067, Shandong Province, China
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Bachmann JC, Baumgart SJ, Uryga AK, Bosteen MH, Borghetti G, Nyberg M, Herum KM. Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD. Cells 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35626694 PMCID: PMC9139546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture. Although there are currently no drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis, it is a field under intense investigation, and future drugs must take these considerations into account. To explore similarities and differences of fibrotic remodeling at these two locations of the heart, we review the signaling pathways that are activated in the main extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, namely human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although these signaling pathways are highly overlapping and context-dependent, effects on ECM remodeling mainly act through two core signaling cascades: TGF-β and Angiotensin II. We complete this by summarizing the knowledge gained from clinical trials targeting these two central fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate M. Herum
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark; (J.C.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.K.U.); (M.H.B.); (G.B.); (M.N.)
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Kowara M, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerotic Plaque Development-Contemporary Experience and New Directions in Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073513. [PMID: 33805303 PMCID: PMC8037897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque is the pathophysiological basis of important and life-threatening diseases such as myocardial infarction. Although key aspects of the process of atherosclerotic plaque development and progression such as local inflammation, LDL oxidation, macrophage activation, and necrotic core formation have already been discovered, many molecular mechanisms affecting this process are still to be revealed. This minireview aims to describe the current directions in research on atherogenesis and to summarize selected studies published in recent years-in particular, studies on novel cellular pathways, epigenetic regulations, the influence of hemodynamic parameters, as well as tissue and microorganism (microbiome) influence on atherosclerotic plaque development. Finally, some new and interesting ideas are proposed (immune cellular heterogeneity, non-coding RNAs, and immunometabolism) which will hopefully bring new discoveries in this area of investigation.
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Kurilenko N, Fatkhullina AR, Mazitova A, Koltsova EK. Act Locally, Act Globally-Microbiota, Barriers, and Cytokines in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020348. [PMID: 33562334 PMCID: PMC7915371 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation and progressive growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the wall of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major predisposing factor for stroke and heart attack. Various immune-mediated mechanisms are implicated in the disease initiation and progression. Cytokines are key mediators of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-hematopoietic cells in the aortic wall and are emerging players in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis is always associated with increased local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines within atherosclerotic plaque has been extensively investigated; however, the cell-specific role of cytokine signaling, particularly the role of cytokines in the regulation of barrier tissues tightly associated with microbiota in the context of cardiovascular diseases has only recently come to light. Here, we summarize the knowledge about the function of cytokines at mucosal barriers and the interplay between cytokines, barriers, and microbiota and discuss their known and potential implications for atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurilenko
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Mazitova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Loss of Regulatory Immune Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients from the Indian Population. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 12:378-388. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Ding JW, Luo CY, Wang XA, Zhou T, Zheng XX, Zhang ZQ, Yu B, Zhang J, Tong XH. Glycyrrhizin, a High-Mobility Group Box 1 Inhibitor, Improves Lipid Metabolism and Suppresses Vascular Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Vasc Res 2019; 55:365-377. [DOI: 10.1159/000495310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bucerius J, Dijkgraaf I, Mottaghy FM, Schurgers LJ. Target identification for the diagnosis and intervention of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques beyond 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging: promising tracers on the horizon. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:251-265. [PMID: 30302506 PMCID: PMC6267660 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic lesions obstruct blood flow in the arterial vessel wall and can rupture leading to the formation of occlusive thrombi. Conventional diagnostic tools are still of limited value for identifying the vulnerable arterial plaque and for predicting its risk of rupture and of releasing thromboembolic material. Knowledge of the molecular and biological processes implicated in the process of atherosclerosis will advance the development of imaging probes to differentiate the vulnerable plaque. The development of imaging probes with high sensitivity and specificity in identifying high-risk atherosclerotic vessel wall changes and plaques is crucial for improving knowledge-based decisions and tailored individual interventions. Arterial PET imaging with 18F-FDG has shown promising results in identifying inflammatory vessel wall changes in numerous studies and clinical trials. However, due to its limited specificity in general and its intense physiological uptake in the left ventricular myocardium that impair imaging of the coronary arteries, different PET tracers for the molecular imaging of atherosclerosis have been evaluated. This review describes biological, chemical and medical expertise supporting a translational approach that will enable the development of new or the evaluation of existing PET tracers for the identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques for better risk prediction and benefit to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Ponnusamy T, Venkatachala SK, Ramanjappa M, Kakkar VV, Mundkur LA. Inverse association of ApoB and HSP60 antibodies with coronary artery disease in Indian population. HEART ASIA 2018; 10:e011018. [PMID: 30018661 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2018-011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is an autoimmune condition and the underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating antibodies to self-antigens can have a pathogenic or protective function in atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to understand the association of autoantibody levels with CAD and its correlation with circulating immune cells. Methods We assessed antigen concentration and antibodies to apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and heat shock protein (HSP)60 by ELISA in 252 acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 112 patients with stable angina (SA) and 203 healthy controls from Indian population. T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were enumerated by flow cytometry. Cytokine concentrations were measured by multiplex assay. Results IgG and IgM antibodies to ApoB and HSP60 proteins were significantly lower in patients with ACS while only IgG levels to ApoB were lower in patients with SA, compared with control. Subjects in the highest tertile of antibodies showed significantly lower OR for ACS (IgG 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.88, p=0.02 and IgM 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98, p=0.04), ApoB100 (IgG 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.88, p=0.02 and IgM 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.99, p=0.04) and HSP60, respectively. Interestingly, T helper 17 (TH17) cells showed an inverse relationship with ApoB and HSP60 IgG antibodies (r2=-0.17, p<0.001 and r2=-0.20, p<0.001, respectively), while interleukin 17 concentrations were negatively correlated with IgM antibodies to the proteins. Conclusion This study shows that higher antibodies to ApoB and HSP60 proteins are less often associated with ACS and that these antibodies are inversely associated with inflammatory Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruvelselvan Ponnusamy
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Vijay V Kakkar
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshmi A Mundkur
- Mary and Gary Western and Tata Molecular Immunology Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
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13
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Daemen MJ, Gijsen FJH, Heiden KVD, Hoogendoorn A. Animal models for plaque rupture: a biomechanical assessment. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:501-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryRupture of atherosclerotic plaques is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Animal models of plaque rupture are rare but essential for testing new imaging modalities to enable diagnosis of the patient at risk. Moreover, they enable the design of new treatment strategies to prevent plaque rupture. Several animal models for the study of atherosclerosis are available. Plaque rupture in these models only occurs following severe surgical or pharmaceutical intervention. In the process of plaque rupture, composition, biology and mechanics each play a role, but the latter has been disregarded in many animal studies. The biomechanical environment for atherosclerotic plaques is comprised of two parts, the pressure-induced stress distribution, mainly - but not exclusively – influenced by plaque composition, and the strength distribution throughout the plaque, largely determined by the inflammatory state. This environment differs considerably between humans and most animals, resulting in suboptimal conditions for plaque rupture. In this review we describe the role of the biomechanical environment in plaque rupture and assess this environment in animal models that present with plaque rupture.
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Li Q, Ding S, Wang YM, Xu X, Shen Z, Fu R, Liu M, Hu C, Zhang C, Cao Q, Wang Y. Age-associated alteration in Th17 cell response is related to endothelial cell senescence and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5160-5168. [PMID: 29218113 PMCID: PMC5714799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells produce Interleukin-17 (IL-17) that plays an important role in host-defense. However, little is known whether aging affects the functions of human Th17 cells. In this study, we examine age-associated alteration in Th17-cell response; correlation between Th17-cells and endothelial cell senescence; and the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). First, we examined Th17-frequency, phenotyping, key transcription factors, and relevant cytokines in healthy elderly, middle-aged and young-people along with elderly-patients with ACI. We detected levels of endothelial cell senescence markers in mRNA and inflammatory biomarker in serum among the groups. Correlations of Th17 frequency to levels of cytokines and endothelial cell senescence biomarkers have been analyzed. Finally, effects of IL-17 on endothelial cell senescence were explored in vitro. Our study demonstrated that healthy elderly-people have an increased Th17 frequency, RORγt expression and Th17 related cytokines (IL-17, IL-6) levels in peripheral blood compared to healthy middle-aged and young-people. Furthermore, elderly-ACI patients also have an increased Th17 expression as compared to healthy elderly-people. There was no significant difference in levels of memory Th17 frequency among the 4 groups, indicating that IL-17 is mainly produced by memory CD4+ T cells. There were no significant correlations between Th17 frequencies, levels of cytokines, inflammatory biomarkers in serum and endothelial cell senescence biomarkers in mRNA. Cell experiments about human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-culture with IL-17 demonstrated that IL-17 promotes endothelial cell senescence which is closely related to ACI occurrence. Our results suggested that aging and ACI occurrence strengthen Th17-cell response. Th17/IL-17 may promote endothelial cell senescence, subsequently contributing to ACI occurrence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Shaowei Ding
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at WestmeadSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Respiration, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratories, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Rui Fu
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Mengdie Liu
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Chaojie Hu
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Qi Cao
- The Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Western Clinical School, University of SydneyWestmead, NSW Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- The Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Western Clinical School, University of SydneyWestmead, NSW Australia
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15
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Fatkhullina AR, Peshkova IO, Koltsova EK. The Role of Cytokines in the Development of Atherosclerosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1358-1370. [PMID: 27914461 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis contributes to the development of many cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries. It is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a key factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. Cells involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were shown to be activated by soluble factors, cytokines, that strongly influence the disease development. Pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerate atherosclerosis progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines ameliorate the disease. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the role of cytokines in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091511. [PMID: 27618031 PMCID: PMC5037788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by intimal plaques of the arterial vessels that develop slowly and, in some cases, may undergo spontaneous rupture with subsequent heart attack or stroke. Currently, noninvasive diagnostic tools are inadequate to screen atherosclerotic lesions at high risk of acute complications. Therefore, the attention of the scientific community has been focused on the use of molecular imaging for identifying vulnerable plaques. Genetically engineered murine models such as ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice have been shown to be useful for testing new probes targeting biomarkers of relevant molecular processes for the characterization of vulnerable plaques, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, and integrins, and for the potential development of translational tools to identify high-risk patients who could benefit from early therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the main animal models of vulnerable plaques, with an emphasis on genetically altered mice, and the state-of-the-art preclinical molecular imaging strategies.
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17
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Liu CL, Zhang JY, Shi GP. Interaction between allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2016; 174:5-22. [PMID: 26608212 PMCID: PMC4826642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established an essential role of mast cells in allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Mast cell deficiency or inactivation protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and diet-induced atherosclerosis, suggesting that mast cells share pathologic activities in both diseases. Allergic asthma and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases that contain similar sets of elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in addition to mast cells in the airway and arterial wall, such as macrophages, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence from experimental models and human studies points to a potential interaction between the 2 seemingly unrelated diseases. Patients or mice with allergic asthma have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis or vice versa, despite the fact that asthma is a T-helper (Th)2-oriented disease, whereas Th1 immunity promotes atherosclerosis. In addition to the preferred Th1/Th2 responses that may differentiate the 2 diseases, mast cells and many other inflammatory cells also contribute to their pathogenesis by more than just T cell immunity. Here, we summarize the different roles of airway and arterial wall inflammatory cells and vascular cells in asthma and atherosclerosis and propose an interaction between the 2 diseases, although limited investigations are available to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 1 disease increases the risk of the other. Results from mouse allergic asthma and atherosclerosis models and from human population studies lead to the hypothesis that patients with atherosclerosis may benefit from antiasthmatic medications or that the therapeutic regimens targeting atherosclerosis may also alleviate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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18
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Preclinical models of atherosclerosis. The future of Hybrid PET/MR technology for the early detection of vulnerable plaque. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e6. [PMID: 27056676 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries. The aetiology is currently multifactorial, thus making them very difficult to prevent. Preclinical models of atherothrombotic diseases, including vulnerable plaque-associated complications, are now providing significant insights into pathologies like atherosclerosis, and in combination with the most recent advances in new non-invasive imaging technologies, they have become essential tools to evaluate new therapeutic strategies, with which can forecast and prevent plaque rupture. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography imaging is currently used for plaque visualisation in clinical and pre-clinical cardiovascular research, albeit with significant limitations. However, the combination of PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies is still the best option available today, as combined PET/MRI scans provide simultaneous data acquisition together with high quality anatomical information, sensitivity and lower radiation exposure for the patient. The coming years may represent a new era for the implementation of PET/MRI in clinical practice, but first, clinically efficient attenuation correction algorithms and research towards multimodal reagents and safety issues should be validated at the preclinical level.
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19
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Peshkova IO, Schaefer G, Koltsova EK. Atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm – is inflammation a common denominator? FEBS J 2016; 283:1636-52. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia O. Peshkova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadephia PA USA
| | - Giulia Schaefer
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadephia PA USA
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadephia PA USA
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20
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Yan W, Wang L, Jiang J, Xu W, Gong Z, Duan Q, Li C, Song H, Che L, Shen Y, Zhou L. Differential expression of T cell-related genes in AMI and SA stages of coronary artery disease. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10875-84. [PMID: 26379881 PMCID: PMC4565264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed T cells-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and compare their differences in T cell activation and subset functions in different stages of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD). METHODS 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI), 20 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA) and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Whole human genome microarray analysis was used to detect the expression of T cell related genes among three groups. RESULTS mRNA expression of 68 genes involved in T cell was detected. 1) Antigen recognition: in the AMI patients 12 genes were down-regulated and 9 were significantly down-regulated among all 13 genes, compared with those of the SA and the control group, respectively. 2) Co-stimulators and regulators of T cell activation: among 16 genes in the AMI patients, 15 genes were lower and 8 were significantly lower than the other two groups. 3) T cell subsets, CTL: all 11 genes in the AMI patients were down-regulated, particularly GZMM and CASP8 were significantly down-regulated compared with the SA patients and controls. Th1/Th2: in the AMI patients, gene expressions including IL1 and IL18 were significantly higher, whereas GATA3 mRNA was significantly lower than those in other two groups. Th17/Treg: in the AMI group, RORC and CCR6 mRNAs were significantly down-regulated compared with the control group, while CD25 and CD127 expressions were significantly lower than SA group. There was no difference in T cell related genes between the SA patients and the controls. CONCLUSIONS In the AMI patients, the mRNA expression of T cell antigen recognition, activation and subset functions was imbalanced or decreased, indicating the dysfunction of cellular immunity in patients with AMI. Then improving T cell mediated cellular immunity may be considered as a potential target for medical interventions in the patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhu Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qianglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
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Zhang Z, Dong J, Lobe CG, Gong P, Liu J, Liao L. CCR5 facilitates endothelial progenitor cell recruitment and promotes the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25889019 PMCID: PMC4404610 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unstable atherosclerotic plaques are prone to rupture, which leads to atherothrombosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived precursor cells that may repair vascular injury in atherosclerosis. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) promotes mobilization of EPCs. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of CCR5-overexpressing EPCs on plaque stabilization in an apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mouse model. Methods The expression of CCR5 and its cognate ligand chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) was examined in atherosclerotic aortas of humans and mice by immunohistochemistry. Splenectomized ApoE−/− C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks were intravenously injected with EPCs transfected with CCR5 overexpression lentivirus. The recruitment of EPCs over the atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The content of lipid, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells in atherosclerotic plaques was assayed by specific immunostaining. The serum levels of atherosclerosis-related inflammatory factors in ApoE−/− mice were measured by mouse atherosclerosis antibody array I. Results CCR5 and CCL5 are highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques in both humans and mice. The ApoE−/− mice with CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment demonstrated a more stable plaque formation with enhanced recruitment of EPC, reduced lipid, and macrophage content in the atherosclerotic plaques. CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment also increased the content of endothelial cells and nitric oxide production in the plaques. In addition, the serum levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, CD40, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the plaque contents of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced in mice with CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that CCR5 is a novel therapeutic target in EPC treatment for stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0026-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Miami Mice Research Corp., 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1 L7, Canada.
| | - Peiyun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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22
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Contribution of neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage to atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:539-53. [PMID: 25515699 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a continuous pathological process that starts early in life and progresses frequently to unstable plaques. Plaque rupture leads to deleterious consequences such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke and atherothrombosis. The vulnerable lesion has several structural and functional hallmarks that distinguish it from the stable plaque. The unstable plaque has large necrotic core (over 40% plaque volume) composed of cholesterol crystals, cholesterol esters, oxidized lipids, fibrin, erythrocytes and their remnants (haeme, iron, haemoglobin), and dying macrophages. The fibrous cap is thin, depleted of smooth muscle cells and collagen, and is infiltrated with proinflammatory cells. In unstable lesion, formation of neomicrovessels is increased. These neovessels have weak integrity and leak thereby leading to recurrent haemorrhages. Haemorrhages deliver erythrocytes to the necrotic core where they degrade promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cells mostly presented by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells extravagate from bleeding neovessels and infiltrate adventitia where they support chronic inflammation. Plaque destabilization is an evolutionary process that could start at early atherosclerotic stages and whose progression is influenced by many factors including neovascularization, intraplaque haemorrhages, formation of cholesterol crystals, inflammation, oxidative stress and intraplaque protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology; Pirogov Russian State Medical University; Moscow Russia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program; Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mount Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach FL USA
- Research Center for Children's Health; Moscow Russia
| | - A. N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Skolkovo Innovative Center; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research; Moscow Russia
| | - Y. V. Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Campbelltown NSW Australia
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Ponnusamy T, Srikanth KV, Manjunatha R, Kakkar VV, Mundkur L. Circulating Th17 and Tc17 Cells and Their Imbalance with Regulatory T Cells Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction in Young Indian Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2015.512043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Oliveira D, Heide E, Brandt C, Rego M, Pitta M, Pitta I. Interleukin 17A in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Are There Differences According to Gender? Cardiol Res 2014; 5:171-175. [PMID: 28352449 PMCID: PMC5358265 DOI: 10.14740/cr363w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a current major public health concern. Immunity and inflammation are involved in all phases of CAD and there is a dynamic balance between cells and molecules. Interleukin 17A (IL17A) concentrations are higher in male patients with acute myocardial infarction than in women. In this study, we evaluated if the IL17A concentrations in male CAD patients (MPs) differed from those in female patients (FPs) and male controls (MCs). Moreover, FPs were compared with female controls (FCs). Methods This was a cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study conducted between March 2012 and August 2013 that enrolled 40 patients (24 men and 16 women) with stable CAD and 20 healthy volunteers (12 men and 8 women) were selected as controls and were matched with the patients (1:2) for sex and age (± 3 years). Comparative analyses of IL17A concentrations in serum and cell culture with and without stimulation were performed between MPs and MCs, MPs and FPs, and FPs and FCs. The lower detection limit was 3.91 pg/mL. Results The comparison of the IL17A concentrations showed: after 48 hours of cell culture with stimulus: MP = 451.67 (99.02 - 892.58) vs. MC = 135 (3.91 - 285), P = 0.04; after 48 hours of cell culture with stimulus: MP = 451.67 (99.02 - 892.58) vs. FP = 131.21 (3.91 - 231.97), P = 0.02; after 48 hours of cell culture with stimulus: FP = 131.21 (3.91 - 231.97) vs. FC = 173.78 (3.91 - 642), P = 0.24. Conclusion This study revealed higher IL17A concentrations in the stimulated cells isolated from the MPs than in those isolated from FPs and MCs. These findings support the hypothesis that when exposed to certain stimuli, cells isolated from MPs with chronic CAD may produce higher IL17A concentrations than those from FPs and MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinaldo Oliveira
- Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elayne Heide
- Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brandt
- Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Rego
- Center of Biological Science, Immunomodulation Laboratory and New Therapeutic Approaches, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maira Pitta
- Center of Biological Science, Immunomodulation Laboratory and New Therapeutic Approaches, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ivan Pitta
- Center of Biological Science, Immunomodulation Laboratory and New Therapeutic Approaches, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moares Rego, 12 35, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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25
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Taleb S, Tedgui A, Mallat Z. IL-17 and Th17 cells in atherosclerosis: subtle and contextual roles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:258-64. [PMID: 25234818 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease driven by both innate and adaptive immune responses to modified lipoproteins and components of the injured vascular wall. Specific T lymphocyte responses driven by T helper-1 or T regulatory cells play distinct and opposing roles in atherosclerosis. More recently, T helper-17 cells, which produce the prototype cytokine interleukin-17, have been characterized and shown to be critical in mucosal host defense against microbial and fungal pathogens. Sustained production of interleukin-17 in an inflammatory context has been linked to the pathology of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, regulatory and protective roles have also been reported in selective disease settings. Studies in atherosclerosis led to conflicting results on the roles of interleukin-17 and T helper-17 cells in disease development and plaque stability. The present review provides a summary of the available evidence and putative mechanisms linking this pathway to atherosclerosis, as well as a perspective on the risks and benefits of interleukin-17-targeted cytokine therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- From the Cardiology Department, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (S.T., A.T., Z.M.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Z.M.)
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the Cardiology Department, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (S.T., A.T., Z.M.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Cardiology Department, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, and Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France (S.T., A.T., Z.M.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Z.M.).
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