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Li Z, Hu F, Xiong L, Zhou X, Dong C, Zheng Y. Underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy: Evidences from molecular and clinical studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118641. [PMID: 39084273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) can cause visual impairment and even blindness. With the rapid increase in the prevalence of DM, the incidence of DR is also rising year by year. Preventing and effectively treating DR has become a major focus in the medical field. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a wealth of experience in treating DR and has achieved significant results with various herbs and TCM prescriptions. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy (DR), encompassing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, anti-neovascularization, neuroprotection, regulation of glucose metabolism, and inhibition of apoptosis. This review provides an overview of the current status of TCM treatment for DR in recent years, including experimental studies and clinical researches, to explore the clinical efficacy and the underlying modern mechanisms of herbs and TCM prescriptions. Besides, we also discussed the challenges TCM faces in treating DR, such as drug-drug interactions among TCM components and the lack of high-quality evidence-based medicine practice, which pose significant obstacles to TCM's application in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpin Li
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Faquan Hu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liyuan Xiong
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changwu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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2
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Bido S, Nannoni M, Muggeo S, Gambarè D, Ruffini G, Bellini E, Passeri L, Iaia S, Luoni M, Provinciali M, Giannelli SG, Giannese F, Lazarevic D, Gregori S, Broccoli V. Microglia-specific IL-10 gene delivery inhibits neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadm8563. [PMID: 39167665 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adm8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in exacerbating dopaminergic neuron (DAN) loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unresolved how to effectively normalize this immune response given the complex interplay between the innate and adaptive immune responses occurring within a scarcely accessible organ like the brain. In this study, we uncovered a consistent correlation between neuroinflammation, brain parenchymal lymphocytes, and DAN loss among several commonly used mouse models of PD generated by a variety of pathological triggers. We validated a viral therapeutic approach for the microglia-specific expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) to selectively mitigate the excessive inflammatory response. We found that this approach induced a local nigral IL-10 release that alleviated DAN loss in mice overexpressing the human SNCA gene in the substantia nigra. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that IL-10 induced the emergence of a molecularly distinct microglial cell state, enriched in markers of cell activation with enhanced expression of prophagocytic pathways. IL-10 promoted microglial phagocytotic and clearance activities in vitro and reduced αSYN aggregate burden in the nigral area in mice overexpressing SNCA. Furthermore, IL-10 stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into active T regulatory cells and promoted inhibitory characteristics in CD8+ T cells. In summary, our results show that local and microglia-specific IL-10 transduction elicited strong immunomodulation in the nigral tissue with enhanced suppression of lymphocyte toxicity that was associated with DAN survival. These results offer insights into the therapeutic benefits of IL-10 and showcase a promising gene delivery approach that could minimize undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bido
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Nannoni
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Muggeo
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Gambarè
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ruffini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bellini
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passeri
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Iaia
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Provinciali
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gea Giannelli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giannese
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Liang D, Qi Y, Liu L, Chen Z, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells through the Akt/HIF-1α pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:130. [PMID: 37828620 PMCID: PMC10568827 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan (JGSQ) has been used in China for thousands of years to treat various ailments, including frequent urination, blurred vision, and soreness in the waist and knees. It has traditional therapeutic advantages in improving eye diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of JGSQ in improving diabetes and vision; however, its efficacy and pharmacological effects in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the specific pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of JGSQ in improving DR through a db/db model. MATERIALS AND METHODS db/db mice were given three different doses of orally administered JGSQ and metformin for 8 weeks, and then PAS staining of the retinal vascular network patch, transmission electron microscopy, H&E staining, and TUNEL staining were performed to determine the potential role of JGSQ in improving DR-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were carried out to identify the main potential targets of JGSQ, and the efficacy of JGSQ in improving DR was evaluated through western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, revealing its mechanism of action. RESULTS According to the results from H&E, TUNEL, and PAS staining of the retinal vascular network patch and transmission electron microscopy, JGSQ does not have an advantage in improving the abnormal morphology of vascular endothelial cells, but it has a significant effect on protecting retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, AKT, GAPDH, TNF, TP53, and IL-6 were identified as the main core targets of JGSQ. Subsequently, through western blot and immunofluorescence staining, it was found that JGSQ can inhibit HIF-1α, promote p-AKT expression, and inhibit TP53 expression. At the same time, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors protects retinal ganglion cells and improves apoptosis in DR. CONCLUSION These results indicated that in the db/db DR mouse model, JGSQ can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and protect retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis, possibly by modulating the Akt/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxia Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zaoui K, Duhamel S. RhoB as a tumor suppressor: It’s all about localization. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151313. [PMID: 36996579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoB is distinguished from other Rho proteins by its unique subcellular localization in endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and nucleus. Despite high sequence homology with RhoA and RhoC, RhoB is mainly associated with tumor suppressive function, while RhoA and RhoC support oncogenic transformation in most malignancies. RhoB regulates the endocytic trafficking of signaling molecules and cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby controlling growth, apoptosis, stress response, immune function, and cell motility in various contexts. Some of these functions may be ascribed to RhoB's unique subcellular localization to endocytic compartments. Here we describe the pleiotropic roles of RhoB in cancer suppression in the context of its subcellular localization, and we discuss possible therapeutic avenues to pursue and highlight priorities for future research.
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Yu H, Pan J, Zheng S, Cai D, Luo A, Xia Z, Huang J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-21-5p Induces Macrophage M2 Polarization by Targeting RhoB. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054593. [PMID: 36902024 PMCID: PMC10003272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-like polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of infiltrating immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which have been proved to exhibit significant immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral effects. However, the underlying mechanism of the tumor microenvironment (TME) educating TAMs to express M2-like phenotypes is still not fully understood. Here, we report that HCC-derived exosomes are involved in intercellular communications and exhibit a greater capacity to mediate TAMs' phenotypic differentiation. In our study, HCC cell-derived exosomes were collected and used to treat THP-1 cells in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the exosomes significantly promoted THP-1 macrophages to differentiate into M2-like macrophages, which have a high production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-10. The analysis of bioinformatics indicated that exosomal miR-21-5p is closely related to TAM differentiation and is associated with unfavorable prognosis in HCC. Overexpressing miR-21-5p in human monocyte-derived leukemia (THP-1) cells induced down-regulation of IL-1β levels; however, it enhanced production of IL-10 and promoted the malignant growth of HCC cells in vitro. A reporter assay confirmed that miR-21-5p directly targeted Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) 3'-untranslatedregion (UTR) in THP-1 cells. Downregulated RhoB levels in THP-1 cells would weaken mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis signaling pathways. Taken together, tumor-derived miR-21-5p promote the malignant advance of HCC, which mediated intercellular crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages. Targeting M2-like TAMs and intercepting their associated signaling pathways would provide potentially specific and novel therapeutic approaches for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Siyue Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Deyang Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Aixiang Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7310-8338
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Angel CZ, Stafford MYC, McNally CJ, Nesbitt H, McKenna DJ. MiR-21 Is Induced by Hypoxia and Down-Regulates RHOB in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041291. [PMID: 36831632 PMCID: PMC9954526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-established contributor to prostate cancer progression and is also known to alter the expression of several microRNAs. The over-expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been consistently linked with many cancers, but its role in the hypoxic prostate tumour environment has not been well studied. In this paper, the link between hypoxia and miR-21 in prostate cancer is investigated. A bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate biopsy datasets shows the up-regulation of miR-21 is significantly associated with prostate cancer and clinical markers of disease progression. This up-regulation of miR-21 expression was shown to be caused by hypoxia in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line in vitro and in an in vivo prostate tumour xenograft model. A functional enrichment analysis also revealed a significant association of miR-21 and its target genes with processes related to cellular hypoxia. The over-expression of miR-21 increased the migration and colony-forming ability of RWPE-1 normal prostate cells. In vitro and in silico analyses demonstrated that miR-21 down-regulates the tumour suppressor gene Ras Homolog Family Member B (RHOB) in prostate cancer. Further a TCGA analysis illustrated that miR-21 can distinguish between different patient outcomes following therapy. This study presents evidence that hypoxia is a key contributor to the over-expression of miR-21 in prostate tumours, which can subsequently promote prostate cancer progression by suppressing RHOB expression. We propose that miR-21 has good potential as a clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hypoxia and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Zoe Angel
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | | | - Christopher J. McNally
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Jiao P, Wang J, Yang J, Wang X, Luoreng Z. Bta-miR-223 Targeting the RHOB Gene in Dairy Cows Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Mammary Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193144. [PMID: 36231106 PMCID: PMC9563457 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are part of the first line of defense against pathogens. In recent studies, bta-miR-223 has been reported to activate congenital and innate immunity against inflammatory damage during the pathogenesis of mastitis in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to identify the regulatory mechanism of bta-miR-223 and its downstream target genes in inflammatory bMECs. A double luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that ras homolog family member B (RHOB) was the target gene of bta-miR-223. To further elucidate the role of bta-miR-223 in congenital immune responses, bta-miR-223 mimics (mimic/inhibitor) were transfected into bMECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which activates the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect secreted inflammatory factors. Results showed that bta-miR-223 expression during inflammation in bMECs reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors by targeting RHOB and deactivation of NF-κB gene activity. Silencing RHOB inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in bMECs. Overall, bta-miR-223 attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory response, and acted as a negative feedback regulator via targeting RHOB, providing a novel avenue for mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (P.J.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (P.J.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (P.J.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (P.J.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (P.J.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0951-2061874
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Tang X, Fan X, Xu T, He Y, Chi Q, Li Z, Li S. Polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbated lipopolysaccharide-induced necroptosis and inflammation via the ROS/MAPK pathway in mice spleen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2552-2565. [PMID: 35833596 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are novel environmental pollutants with potential threats to the ecosystem. At least 5.25 trillion plastic particles in the environment, of which nanoplastics are <100 nm in diameter. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) exposure damaged the spleen's immune function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced other toxicants to damage cells and organs, triggering inflammation. However, the mechanism of PS-NPs aggravated LPS-induced spleen injury remains unclear. In this study, the PS-NPs or/and LPS mice exposure model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of PS-NPs or/and LPS, and PS-NPs or/and LPS were exposed to RAW264.7 cells. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the mice spleen were observed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscope. Western Blot, qRT-PCR, and fluorescent probes staining were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors, and necroptosis-related indicators in mice spleen and RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that PS-NPs or LPS induced oxidative stress, activated the MAPK pathway, and eventually caused necroptosis and inflammation in mice spleen and RAW264.7 cells. Compared with the single treatment group, the changes in PS-NPs + LPS group were more obvious. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway caused by co-treatment of PS-NPs and LPS, reducing necroptosis and inflammation. The results demonstrated that PS-NPs promoted LPS-induced spleen necroptosis and inflammation in mice through the ROS/MAPK pathway. This study increases the data on the damage of PS-NPs to the organism and expands the research ideas and clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Zhang D, Wu J, Zhang S. Construction of ceRNA network and identification of hub genes in aniridia-associated keratopathy using bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:997581. [PMID: 36212129 PMCID: PMC9537812 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) is characteristic at ocular surface of aniridia caused by haploinsufficiency of PAX6. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) has been reported to play an important role in various diseases, whereas its function on AAK is unclear. The microarray data of 20 AAK patients and 20 healthy people were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were analyzed using “limma” packages and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A ceRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1, and miR-224-5p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-204-5p were at the center of the network. CIBERSORTx algorithm and ssGSEA analyses revealed that AAK was associated with immune cell infiltration, showing that activated Mast cells increased while resting Mast cells decreased and NK cells decreased in AAK. Type II INF Response, CCR, parainflammation, T cell co-stimulation, and APC co-stimulation of AAK patients differed from healthy individuals. Additionally, the ROC curve of five genes, MITF(AUC = 0.988), RHOB(AUC = 0.973), JUN(AUC = 0.953), PLAUR (AUC = 0.925), and ARG2 (AUC = 0.915) with high confidence in predicting AAK were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of hub genes enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Wu, ; Shenghai Zhang,
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Wu, ; Shenghai Zhang,
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10
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The Immunogenetics of Systemic Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:259-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Aslani M, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Mirshafiey A. Cytokine storm in the pathophysiology of COVID-19: Possible functional disturbances of miRNAs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108172. [PMID: 34601331 PMCID: PMC8452524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19, is an enveloped positives-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Beta-CoVs sub-family. A sophisticated hyper-inflammatory reaction named cytokine storm is occurred in patients with severe/critical COVID-19, following an imbalance in immune-inflammatory processes and inhibition of antiviral responses by SARS-CoV-2, which leads to pulmonary failure, ARDS, and death. The miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with an average length of 22 nucleotides which play various roles as one of the main modulators of genes expression and maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Recent evidence has shown that Homo sapiens (hsa)-miRNAs have the potential to work in three pivotal areas including targeting the virus genome, regulating the inflammatory signaling pathways, and reinforcing the production/signaling of IFNs-I. However, it seems that several SARS-CoV-2-induced interfering agents such as viral (v)-miRNAs, cytokine content, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), etc. preclude efficient function of hsa-miRNAs in severe/critical COVID-19. This subsequently leads to increased virus replication, intense inflammatory processes, and secondary complications development. In this review article, we provide an overview of hsa-miRNAs roles in viral genome targeting, inflammatory pathways modulation, and IFNs responses amplification in severe/critical COVID-19 accompanied by probable interventional factors and their function. Identification and monitoring of these interventional elements can help us in designing the miRNAs-based therapy for the reduction of complications/mortality rate in patients with severe/critical forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yoodee S, Noonin C, Sueksakit K, Kanlaya R, Chaiyarit S, Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Effects of secretome derived from macrophages exposed to calcium oxalate crystals on renal fibroblast activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:959. [PMID: 34381146 PMCID: PMC8358035 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between kidney stone disease and renal fibrosis has been widely explored in recent years but its underlying mechanisms remain far from complete understanding. Using label-free quantitative proteomics (nanoLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS), this study identified 23 significantly altered secreted proteins from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-exposed macrophages (COM-MP) compared with control macrophages (Ctrl-MP) secretome. Functional annotation and protein-protein interactions network analysis revealed that these altered secreted proteins were involved mainly in inflammatory response and fibroblast activation. BHK-21 renal fibroblasts treated with COM-MP secretome had more spindle-shaped morphology with greater spindle index. Immunofluorescence study and gelatin zymography revealed increased levels of fibroblast activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin and F-actin) and fibrotic factors (fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2) in the COM-MP secretome-treated fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that proteins secreted from macrophages exposed to COM crystals induce renal fibroblast activation and may play important roles in renal fibrogenesis in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Glucocorticoid-Dependent Mechanisms of Brain Tolerance to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157982. [PMID: 34360746 PMCID: PMC8348130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of organisms to stressors is coordinated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which involves glucocorticoids (GCs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Although the effects of GCs are well characterized, their impact on brain adaptation to hypoxia/ischemia is still understudied. The brain is not only the most susceptible to hypoxic injury, but also vulnerable to GC-induced damage, which makes studying the mechanisms of brain hypoxic tolerance and resistance to stress-related elevation of GCs of great importance. Cross-talk between the molecular mechanisms activated in neuronal cells by hypoxia and GCs provides a platform for developing the most effective and safe means for prevention and treatment of hypoxia-induced brain damage, including hypoxic pre- and post-conditioning. Taking into account that hypoxia- and GC-induced reprogramming significantly affects the development of organisms during embryogenesis, studies of the effects of prenatal and neonatal hypoxia on health in later life are of particular interest. This mini review discusses the accumulated data on the dynamics of the HPA activation in injurious and non-injurious hypoxia, the role of the brain GRs in these processes, interaction of GCs and hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1, as well as cross-talk between GC and hypoxic signaling. It also identifies underdeveloped areas and suggests directions for further prospective studies.
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14
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Miao C, Yu M, Pei G, Ma Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Lv J, Zhang ZS, Keller ET, Yao Z, Wang Q. An infection-induced RhoB-Beclin 1-Hsp90 complex enhances clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2587. [PMID: 33972537 PMCID: PMC8110956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cells use several anti-bacterial pathways to defend against pathogens. Here, using a uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection model, we demonstrate that bacterial infection upregulates RhoB, which subsequently promotes intracellular bacteria clearance by inducing LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation. RhoB binds with Beclin 1 through its residues at 118 to 140 and the Beclin 1 CCD domain, with RhoB Arg133 being the key binding residue. Binding of RhoB to Beclin 1 enhances the Hsp90-Beclin 1 interaction, preventing Beclin 1 degradation. RhoB also directly interacts with Hsp90, maintaining RhoB levels. UPEC infections increase RhoB, Beclin 1 and LC3 levels in bladder epithelium in vivo, whereas Beclin 1 and LC3 levels as well as UPEC clearance are substantially reduced in RhoB+/− and RhoB−/− mice upon infection. We conclude that when stimulated by UPEC infections, host cells promote UPEC clearance through the RhoB-Beclin 1-HSP90 complex, indicating RhoB may be a useful target when developing UPEC treatment strategies. Bacterial invasion can lead to multiple host cell responses. Here, the authors show that in a model of uropathogenic E. coli, RhoB is upregulated and induces autophagosome formation in a complex with Beclin1 and Hsp90, promoting bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Miao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Pei
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Identification of differentially expressed genes and the role of PDK4 in CD14+ monocytes of coronary artery disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228119. [PMID: 33739370 PMCID: PMC8024870 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by development of atherosclerosis (AS), which is the leading cause of mortality and disability. Our study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients compared with those from non-CAD controls, which might pave the way to diagnosis and treatment for CAD. Methods. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed by BGISEQ-500, followed by analyzing with R package to screening DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by R package. In addition, we validated the results of RNA-seq using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we explored the function of selected ten genes in LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes by RT-qPCR. Results. a total of 2897 DEGs were identified, including 753 up- and 2144 down-regulated genes in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plasma membrane and cell periphery of cell component, immune system process of biological process, NF-κB signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. In LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes, the mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion. In the present study, we suggested that PDK4 might play a role in progression of CAD. The study will provide some pieces of evidence to investigate the role and mechanism of key genes in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Cai L, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Liang Y, Xian J, Jia L, Li L, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Cullin3-TNFAIP1 E3 Ligase Controls Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Ubiquitination of RhoB. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617134. [PMID: 33553178 PMCID: PMC7859282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPase RhoB is the critical signaling component controlling the inflammatory response elicited by pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanisms of RhoB degradation in inflammatory response remain unclear. In this study, for the first time, we identified that TNFAIP1, an adaptor protein of Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligases, coordinated with Cullin3 to mediate RhoB degradation through ubiquitin proteasome system. In addition, we demonstrated that downregulation of TNFAIP1 induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in TNFα-stimulated hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the activation of p38/JNK MAPK pathway via blocking RhoB degradation. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of RhoB degradation and provided a potential strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention of tumors by targeting TNFAIP1-RhoB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Jiang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Pan
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Lee LK, Medzikovic L, Eghbali M, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. The Role of MicroRNAs in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis, From Targets to Therapies: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1471-1484. [PMID: 33079870 PMCID: PMC8532045 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is characterized by lung epithelial and endothelial cell injury, with increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to pulmonary edema, severe hypoxia, and difficulty with ventilation. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, and currently, treatment of ARDS and sepsis has consisted mostly of supportive care because targeted therapies have largely been unsuccessful. The molecular mechanisms behind ARDS remain elusive. Recently, a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) identified through high-throughput screening studies in ARDS patients and preclinical animal models have suggested a role for miRNA in the pathophysiology of ARDS. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs ranging from 18 to 24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression via inhibition of the target mRNA translation or by targeting complementary mRNA for early degradation. Unsurprisingly, some miRNAs that are differentially expressed in ARDS overlap with those important in sepsis. In addition, circulatory miRNA may be useful as biomarkers or as targets for pharmacologic therapy. This can be revolutionary in a syndrome that has neither a measurable indicator of the disease nor a targeted therapy. While there are currently no miRNA-based therapies targeted for ARDS, therapies targeting miRNA have reached phase II clinical trials for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Further studies may yield a unique miRNA profile pattern that serves as a biomarker or as targets for miRNA-based pharmacologic therapy. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been found to play a role in ARDS and sepsis, the potential mechanism of how particular miRNAs may contribute to the pathophysiology of ARDS, and strategies for pharmacologically targeting miRNA as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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18
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Ju JA, Godet I, DiGiacomo JW, Gilkes DM. RhoB is regulated by hypoxia and modulates metastasis in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1164. [PMID: 32671953 PMCID: PMC7941481 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoB is a Rho family GTPase that is highly homologous to RhoA and RhoC. RhoA and RhoC have been shown to promote tumor progression in many cancer types; however, a distinct role for RhoB in cancer has not been delineated. Additionally, several well-characterized studies have shown that small GTPases such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 are induced in vitro under hypoxia, but whether and how hypoxia regulates RhoB in breast cancer remains elusive. AIMS To determine whether and how hypoxia regulates RhoB expression and to understand the role of RhoB in breast cancer metastasis. METHODS We investigated the effects of hypoxia on the expression and activation of RhoB using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. We also examined the significance of both decreased and increased RhoB expression in breast cancer using CRISPR depletion of RhoB or a vector overexpressing RhoB in 3D in vitro migration models and in an in vivo mouse model. RESULTS We found that hypoxia significantly upregulated RhoB mRNA and protein expression resulting in increased levels of activated RhoB. Both loss of RhoB and gain of RhoB expression led to reduced migration in a 3D collagen matrix and invasion within a multicellular 3D spheroid. We showed that neither the reduction nor overexpression of RhoB affected tumor growth in vivo. While the loss of RhoB had no effect on metastasis, RhoB overexpression led to decreased metastasis to the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes of mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that RhoB may have an important role in suppressing breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Baltimore School of MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Josh W. DiGiacomo
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine ProgramThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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19
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu X, Peng M, Liu J, Zhang Q. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of RhoB is associated with susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:269-277. [PMID: 31306762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an isoform of Rho family GTPases, RhoB plays a pivotal role in cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune response. However, the regulatory mechanisms of RhoB expression in aquatic animals are still unknown. In the present study, we first construct Vibrio anguillarum infection model in S. maximus, including susceptible and resistant individuals. Then the temporal expression of RhoB was detected after V. anguillarum challenge using qRT-PCR and found that RhoB transcripts were significantly induced in the liver, gill and blood despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. In addition, the mRNA levels of RhoB in resistant individuals were significantly higher than in susceptible ones. The length of 2083 bp sequences of RhoB promoter was cloned and characterized. Moreover, DNA methylation of the RhoB promoter was measured by bisulfite sequencing (BSP) and hypo-methylated was detected in the CpG islands. Three SNPs (-1590, -1575 and -1449) and two haplotypes in the promoter region of RhoB were identified to be associated with V. anguillarum resistance in turbot by association analysis in group 17-R and 17-S. Deletion analysis indicated that these SNPs could negatively mediate the activity of RhoB promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis and qRT-PCR of individuals with different genotypes demonstrated that -1575 T/A polymorphism affected promoter activity. Further study showed that this mutation altered the binding site of the transcription factor CREB. Co-transfection of SmCREB and RhoB promoter was performed in HEK293T cells which confirmed the -1575 allelic differences on transcriptional activity, with the susceptibility allele showing reduced activity. Taken together, our findings implicate that losing of binding of CREB to SmRhoB promoter due to -1575T/A polymorphisms enhances SmRhoB expression in resistant turbot, which provide insights into the effect of SmRhoB expression in response to V. anguillarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Meiting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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20
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Jiang S, Xu Y. Annexin A2 upregulation protects human retinal endothelial cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation injury by activating autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2901-2908. [PMID: 31572534 PMCID: PMC6755473 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization is a common pathological change in multiple diseases of the eyes and the upregulation of annexin A2 (A2) under a hypoxic and ischemic microenvironment has been demonstrated to be a key factor in the pathological process. However, the underlying mechanism by which A2 regulates retinal neovascularization remains unclear. In the present study, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic the hypoxic and ischemic microenvironment, to observe the role of A2 in retinal neovascularization regulation by focusing on autophagy. The results showed that OGD treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of A2 in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), which was dependent on activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α signaling. The OGD-induced activation of autophagy was attenuated when A2 was silenced, but increased when A2 was overexpressed, suggesting that A2 upregulation contributed to OGD-induced cell autophagy activation. Furthermore, knockdown of A2 decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis under OGD conditions. Overexpression of A2 increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis under OGD conditions, and inhibiting autophagy using an inhibitor, reversed these changes, suggesting that upregulation of A2 by OGD serves a cytoprotective role by inducing cell autophagy in HRECs. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that promoting retinal endothelial cell survival by autophagy activation via the HIF-1α signaling pathway in a hypoxic and ischemic microenvironment may underlie the mechanism by which A2 regulates retinal neovascularization. The present study is the first study to demonstrate the novel role of A2 during retinal neovascularization under pathological conditions, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, A2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating neovascularization-associated conditions of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shule Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yile Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310001, P.R. China
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21
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Vega FM, Ridley AJ. The RhoB small GTPase in physiology and disease. Small GTPases 2018; 9:384-393. [PMID: 27875099 PMCID: PMC5997158 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1253528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoB is a Rho family GTPase that is highly similar to RhoA and RhoC, yet has distinct functions in cells. Its unique C-terminal region is subject to specific post-translational modifications that confer different localization and functions to RhoB. Apart from the common role with RhoA and RhoC in actin organization and cell migration, RhoB is also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes including membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, DNA-repair and apoptosis. RhoB is not an essential gene in mice, but it is implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. Its multiple roles will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Vega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla), Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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22
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Downregulated expression of miR-223 promotes Toll-like receptor-activated inflammatory responses in macrophages by targeting RhoB. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:42-48. [PMID: 28881218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induced-inflammatory response must be tightly regulated to avoid impairment in host itself. Numerous factors have been identified in regulation of TLR-triggered inflammatory response. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which have got much attention. MiR-223, which highly expresses in myeloid cells of the bone marrow, has reported to participate in kinds of inflammatory responses by targeting inflammasome sensor-NLRP3 to repress production of IL-6 and IL-1β, and thus attenuate inflammatory response. However, the function of miR-223 in TLRs-activated inflammatory response of macrophages is not clear. Here we found miR-223 expression is dramatically reduced in macrophages by TLR ligand stimulation (e.g. LPS, CpG and poly (I:C)). The down-regulated miR-223 leads to the increase in the RhoB expression, which induce the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling, promoting TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production upon LPS stimulation. In addition, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A increased miR-223 expression obviously in TLR-triggered macrophages, which in turn suppressed RhoB expression and downstream IL-6 production, suggesting that the inhibition of miR-223 by histone deacetylation may be involved in the regulation of TLR-activated inflammatory response. Herein, our findings suggest that miR-223-RhoB axis might be a novel target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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23
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Liu S, Huang L, Lin Z, Hu Y, Chen R, Wang L, Shan Y. RhoB induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines in TLR-triggered macrophages. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:200-206. [PMID: 28505515 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the primary sensors detecting conserved molecular patterns on microorganisms, thus acting as important components of innate immunity against invading pathogens. Many positive and negative regulators of TLR-triggered signaling have been identified. The Rho GTPase RhoB plays a key role in cell migration, division and polarity; however, the function and regulatory mechanisms of RhoB in TLR ligand-triggered innate immune responses remain to be investigated. Here, we report that the expression of RhoB is induced by TLR agonists (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG, poly(I:C)) in macrophages. Knockdown of RhoB expression markedly decreased TLR ligand-induced activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in macrophages stimulated with TLR ligands. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RhoB interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) α chain, but not β chain, in endosomes of macrophages. Knockdown of MHCII expression greatly reduced the interaction of RhoB with Btk, and attenuated the induction of NF-κB and interferon β activity by RhoB upon LPS stimulation. These findings suggest that RhoB is a positive physiological regulator of TLRs signaling via binding to MHCII in macrophages, and therefore RhoB may be a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Liu
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lisong Huang
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhusen Lin
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuanqin Hu
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yi Shan
- Emergency Department of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Huang GX, Pan XY, Jin YD, Wang Y, Song XL, Wang CH, Li YD, Lu J. The mechanisms and significance of up-regulation of RhoB expression by hypoxia and glucocorticoid in rat lung and A549 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1276-86. [PMID: 26915688 PMCID: PMC4929294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)‐binding protein RhoB is an important stress sensor and contributes to the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation and survival. However, whether RhoB is involved in the hypoxic response and action of glucocorticoid (GC) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia or/and GC on the expression and activition of RhoB in the lung of rats and human A549 lung carcinoma cells, and further studied its mechanism and significance. We found that hypoxia and dexamethasone (Dex), a synethic GC, not only significantly increased the expression and activation of RhoB independently but also coregulated the expresion of RhoB in vitro and in vivo. Up‐regulation of RhoB by hypoxia was in part through stabilizing the RhoB mRNA and protein. Inhibiting hypoxia‐activated hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) with their specific inhibitors significantly decreased hypoxia‐induced RhoB expression, indicating that HIF‐1α, JNK and ERK are involved in the up‐regulation of RhoB in hypoxia. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of RhoB expression by RhoB siRNA not only significantly reduced hypoxia‐enhanced cell migration and cell survival in hypoxia but also increased the sensitivity of cell to paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, and reduced Dex‐enhanced resistance to PTX‐chemotherapy in A549 cells. Taken together, the novel data revealed that hypoxia and Dex increased the expression and activation of RhoB, which is important for hypoxic adaptation and hypoxia‐accelerated progression of lung cancer cells. RhoB also enhanced the resistance of cell to PTX‐chemotherapy and mediated the pro‐survival effect of Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Duo Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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