1
|
Miranda J, Vázquez-Blomquist D, Bringas R, Fernandez-de-Cossio J, Palenzuela D, Novoa LI, Bello-Rivero I. A co-formulation of interferons alpha2b and gamma distinctively targets cell cycle in the glioblastoma-derived cell line U-87MG. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:806. [PMID: 37644431 PMCID: PMC10463508 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HeberFERON is a co-formulation of α2b and γ interferons, based on their synergism, which has shown its clinical superiority over individual interferons in basal cell carcinomas. In glioblastoma (GBM), HeberFERON has displayed promising preclinical and clinical results. This led us to design a microarray experiment aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the distinctive effect of HeberFERON compared to the individual interferons in U-87MG model. METHODS Transcriptional expression profiling including a control (untreated) and three groups receiving α2b-interferon, γ-interferon and HeberFERON was performed using an Illumina HT-12 microarray platform. Unsupervised methods for gene and sample grouping, identification of differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and network analysis computational biology methods were applied to identify distinctive transcription patterns of HeberFERON. Validation of most representative genes was performed by qPCR. For the cell cycle analysis of cells treated with HeberFERON for 24 h, 48 and 72 h we used flow cytometry. RESULTS The three treatments show different behavior based on the gene expression profiles. The enrichment analysis identified several mitotic cell cycle related events, in particular from prometaphase to anaphase, which are exclusively targeted by HeberFERON. The FOXM1 transcription factor network that is involved in several cell cycle phases and is highly expressed in GBMs, is significantly down regulated. Flow cytometry experiments corroborated the action of HeberFERON on the cell cycle in a dose and time dependent manner with a clear cellular arrest as of 24 h post-treatment. Despite the fact that p53 was not down-regulated, several genes involved in its regulatory activity were functionally enriched. Network analysis also revealed a strong relationship of p53 with genes targeted by HeberFERON. We propose a mechanistic model to explain this distinctive action, based on the simultaneous activation of PKR and ATF3, p53 phosphorylation changes, as well as its reduced MDM2 mediated ubiquitination and export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. PLK1, AURKB, BIRC5 and CCNB1 genes, all regulated by FOXM1, also play central roles in this model. These and other interactions could explain a G2/M arrest and the effect of HeberFERON on the proliferation of U-87MG. CONCLUSIONS We proposed molecular mechanisms underlying the distinctive behavior of HeberFERON compared to the treatments with the individual interferons in U-87MG model, where cell cycle related events were highly relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamilet Miranda
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Dania Vázquez-Blomquist
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ricardo Bringas
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Daniel Palenzuela
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Lidia I Novoa
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Iraldo Bello-Rivero
- Clinical Assays Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maryu G, Yang Q. Nuclear-cytoplasmic compartmentalization of cyclin B1-Cdk1 promotes robust timing of mitotic events. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111870. [PMID: 36577372 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk1) oscillator is widely characterized in homogenized cytosolic extracts, leaving unclear the impact of nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization. Here, by developing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, we track Cdk1 spatiotemporal dynamics in reconstituted cells with or without side by side and find compartmentalization significantly modulates clock properties previously found in bulk studies. Although nucleus-absent cells display highly tunable frequency, the nucleus-present cells maintain constant frequency against cyclin B1 variations. Despite high expression variability, cyclin degraded within the same duration, enabling a robust mitotic phase. Moreover, Cdk1 and cyclin B1 cycle rigorously out-of-phase, ensuring wide phase-plane orbits, essential for oscillation robustness. Although Cdk1 in homogeneous extracts is well known for delayed switch-like activation, we find active cyclin B1-Cdk1 accumulates in nuclei, without delay, until the nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) when another abrupt activation triggers anaphase. Cdk1 biphasic activation and spatial compartmentalization may together coordinate the accurate ordering of different downstream events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gembu Maryu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kucharski TJ, Hards R, Vandal SE, Abad MA, Jeyaprakash AA, Kaye E, al-Rawi A, Ly T, Godek KM, Gerber SA, Compton DA. Small changes in phospho-occupancy at the kinetochore-microtubule interface drive mitotic fidelity. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213364. [PMID: 35878017 PMCID: PMC9351707 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetochore protein phosphorylation promotes the correction of erroneous microtubule attachments to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Determining how phosphorylation executes error correction requires an understanding of whether kinetochore substrates are completely (i.e., all-or-none) or only fractionally phosphorylated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we measured phospho-occupancy on the conserved kinetochore protein Hec1 (NDC80) that directly binds microtubules. None of the positions measured exceeded ∼50% phospho-occupancy, and the cumulative phospho-occupancy changed by only ∼20% in response to changes in microtubule attachment status. The narrow dynamic range of phospho-occupancy is maintained, in part, by the ongoing phosphatase activity. Further, both Cdk1-Cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases phosphorylate Hec1 to enhance error correction in response to different types of microtubule attachment errors. The low inherent phospho-occupancy promotes microtubule attachment to kinetochores while the high sensitivity of kinetochore-microtubule attachments to small changes in phospho-occupancy drives error correction and ensures high mitotic fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kucharski
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Rufus Hards
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Sarah E. Vandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre For Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Edward Kaye
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aymen al-Rawi
- Wellcome Centre For Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kristina M. Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Duane A. Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Correspondence to Duane A. Compton:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Yuan X, Gui P, Liu R, Durojaye O, Hill DL, Fu C, Yao X, Dou Z, Liu X. Mad2 promotes Cyclin B2 recruitment to the kinetochore for guiding accurate mitotic checkpoint. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54171. [PMID: 35384228 PMCID: PMC9171689 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate mitotic progression relies on the dynamic phosphorylation of multiple substrates by key mitotic kinases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is a master kinase that coordinates mitotic progression and requires its regulatory subunit Cyclin B to ensure full kinase activity and substrate specificity. The function of Cyclin B2, which is a closely related family member of Cyclin B1, remains largely elusive. Here, we show that Mad2 promotes the kinetochore localization of Cyclin B2 and that their interaction at the kinetochores guides accurate chromosome segregation. Our biochemical analyses have characterized the Mad2-Cyclin B2 interaction and delineated a novel Mad2-interacting motif (MIM) on Cyclin B2. The functional importance of the Cyclin B2-Mad2 interaction was demonstrated by real-time imaging in which MIM-deficient mutant Cyclin B2 failed to rescue the chromosomal segregation defects. Taken together, we have delineated a previously undefined function of Cyclin B2 at the kinetochore and have established, in human cells, a mechanism of action by which Mad2 contributes to the spindle checkpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gui
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Olanrewaju Durojaye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donald L Hill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Romeiro Motta M, Zhao X, Pastuglia M, Belcram K, Roodbarkelari F, Komaki M, Harashima H, Komaki S, Kumar M, Bulankova P, Heese M, Riha K, Bouchez D, Schnittger A. B1-type cyclins control microtubule organization during cell division in Arabidopsis. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53995. [PMID: 34882930 PMCID: PMC8728612 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants contain a large number of cyclin families, each containing multiple members, most of which have not been characterized to date. Here, we analyzed the role of the B1 subclass of mitotic cyclins in cell cycle control during Arabidopsis development. While we reveal CYCB1;5 to be a pseudogene, the remaining four members were found to be expressed in dividing cells. Mutant analyses showed a complex pattern of overlapping, development-specific requirements of B1-type cyclins with CYCB1;2 playing a central role. The double mutant cycb1;1 cycb1;2 is severely compromised in growth, yet viable beyond the seedling stage, hence representing a unique opportunity to study the function of B1-type cyclin activity at the organismic level. Immunolocalization of microtubules in cycb1;1 cycb1;2 and treating mutants with the microtubule drug oryzalin revealed a key role of B1-type cyclins in orchestrating mitotic microtubule networks. Subsequently, we identified the GAMMA-TUBULIN COMPLEX PROTEIN 3-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (GIP1/MOZART) as an in vitro substrate of B1-type cyclin complexes and further genetic analyses support a potential role in the regulation of GIP1 by CYCB1s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin’Ai Zhao
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
- Centre for Organismal Studies HeidelbergUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Martine Pastuglia
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Katia Belcram
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | | | - Maki Komaki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohamaJapan
- Present address:
Solution Research LaboratoryAS ONE CorporationKawasakiJapan
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
- Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyNaraJapan
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Amity Institute of Genome EngineeringAmity University Uttar PradeshSector 125NoidaIndia
| | | | - Maren Heese
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Karel Riha
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Bouchez
- Institute Jean‐Pierre BourginINRAEAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayVersaillesFrance
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song X, Conti D, Shrestha RL, Braun D, Draviam VM. Counteraction between Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways protects chromosome-microtubule attachments independent of biorientation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7010. [PMID: 34853300 PMCID: PMC8636589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in chromosome-microtubule attachment can cause chromosomal instability (CIN), frequently associated with infertility and aggressive cancers. Chromosome-microtubule attachment is mediated by a large macromolecular structure, the kinetochore. Sister kinetochores of each chromosome are pulled by microtubules from opposing spindle-poles, a state called biorientation which prevents chromosome missegregation. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments that lack the opposing-pull are detached by Aurora-B/Ipl1. It is unclear how mono-oriented attachments that precede biorientation are spared despite the lack of opposing-pull. Using an RNAi-screen, we uncover a unique role for the Astrin-SKAP complex in protecting mono-oriented attachments. We provide evidence of domains in the microtubule-end associated protein that sense changes specific to end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and assemble an outer-kinetochore crescent to stabilise attachments. We find that Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways counteract each other to preserve mono-oriented attachments. Thus, CIN prevention pathways are not only surveying attachment defects but also actively recognising and stabilising mature attachments independent of biorientation. Chromosome instability frequently occurs due to issues with chromosome-microtubule attachments. Here the authors show that the Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways counteract each other to protect chromosome-microtubule attachments independent of biorientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Duccio Conti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roshan L Shrestha
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dominique Braun
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang W, Wang W, Xu Y, Shi J, Fu J, Chen B, Mu J, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Lin J, Du J, Li Q, He L, Jin L, Sun X, Wang L, Sang Q. FBXO43 variants in patients with female infertility characterized by early embryonic arrest. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2392-2402. [PMID: 34052850 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can any new genetic factors responsible for early embryonic arrest in infertile patients be identified, together with the mechanism of pathogenic variants? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified three homozygous variants in the F-box protein 43 gene (FBXO43) in infertile patients and studies on the effects of the variants in HEK293T cells and mouse oocytes provided evidence for a causal relation between FBXO43 and female infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY FBXO43, an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, mediates Metaphase II arrest as a component of the cytostatic factor in oocytes. Both male and female Fbxo43 knockout mice are viable but sterile. FBXO43, therefore, appears to be an essential component of the mammalian cell-cycle machinery that regulates both male and female meiosis. Until now, only one article has reported a homozygous FBXO43 variant associated with teratozoospermia, but the causal relationship was not established with functional evidence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and homozygosity mapping were performed in 24 probands from consanguineous families who suffered from early embryonic arrest, and two different homozygous variants in FBXO43 were identified in two independent families. WES data from a further 950 infertile women with early embryonic arrest were screened for homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in FBXO43, and a third individual with an additional homozygous variant in FBXO43 was identified. The infertile patients presenting with early embryonic arrest were recruited from August 2016 to May 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The women diagnosed with primary infertility were recruited from the reproduction centers of local hospitals. Genomic DNA samples from the affected individuals, their family members, and healthy controls were extracted from peripheral blood. The FBXO43 variants were identified using WES, homozygosity mapping, in silico analysis, and variant screening. All of the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and the effects of the variants were investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells by western blotting and in mouse oocytes by complementary RNA injection. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We identified three homozygous variants in FBXO43 (NM_001029860.4)-namely, c.1490_1497dup (p.(Glu500Serfs*2)), c.1747C>T (p.(Gln583*)), and c.154delG (p.(Asp52Thrfs*30))-in three independent families. All of the homozygous variants reduced the protein level of FBXO43 and reduced the level of its downstream target Cyclin B1 in HEK293T cells. In addition, the variants reduced the ability of exogenous human FBXO43 to rescue the parthenogenetic activation phenotype in Fbxo43 knockdown mouse oocytes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Owing to the lack of in vivo data from the oocytes of patients, the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown and should be further investigated using knock out or knock in mice. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study has identified three pathogenic variants in FBXO43 that are involved in human early embryonic arrest. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of FBXO43 in human early embryonic development and provide a new genetic marker for female infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1003800, 2017YFC1001500, and 2016YFC1000600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81725006, 81822019, 81771581, 81971450, 81971382, and 82001552), the project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01), the Project of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (19JC1411001), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1444500), the Shuguang Program of the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (18SG03), the Foundation of the Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission (20154Y0162), the Capacity Building Planning Program for Shanghai Women and Children's Health Service, and the collaborative innovation center project construction for Shanghai Women and Children's Health. None of the authors have any competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shaanxi Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niazi Y, Thomsen H, Smolkova B, Vodickova L, Vodenkova S, Kroupa M, Vymetalkova V, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Volkovova K, Staruchova M, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Dusinska M, Musak L, Vodicka P, Hemminki K, Försti A. Impact of genetic polymorphisms in kinetochore and spindle assembly genes on chromosomal aberration frequency in healthy humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503253. [PMID: 33198934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a characteristic of a majority of human malignancies. Chromosomal instability is a common form of genomic instability that can be caused by defects in mitotic checkpoint genes. Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood are also indicative of genotoxic exposure and potential cancer risk. We evaluated associations between inherited genetic variants in 33 mitotic checkpoint genes and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in the presence and absence of environmental genotoxic exposure. Associations with both chromosome and chromatid type of aberrations were evaluated in two cohorts of healthy individuals, namely an exposed and a reference group consisting of 607 and 866 individuals, respectively. Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were performed for the association studies. Bonferroni-corrected significant p-value was 5 × 10-4 for 99 tests based on the number of analyzed genes and phenotypes. In the reference group the most prominent associations were found with variants in CCNB1, a master regulator of mitosis, and in genes involved in kinetochore function, including CENPH and TEX14, whereas in the exposed group the main association was found with variants in TTK, also an important gene in kinetochore function. How the identified variants may affect the fidelity of mitotic checkpoint remains to be investigated, however, the present study suggests that genetic variation may partly explain interindividual variation in the formation of CAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Niazi
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; GeneWerk GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 582, 6910, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kazimirova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Barancokova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Ludovit Musak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Malá Hora(4D), 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aggregation-induced Emission Fluorogen as Mammalian Cell Cytoplasmic Tracker with Long Retention Time and High Photo-stability. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Houston J, Lara-Gonzalez P, Desai A. Rashomon at the kinetochore: Function(s) of the Mad1-cyclin B1 complex. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151919. [PMID: 32614383 PMCID: PMC7401815 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the film Rashomon, four witnesses describe seemingly contradictory views of one event. In a recent analogy, an interaction between the master mitotic regulator cyclin B1 and the spindle checkpoint component Mad1 was independently described by three groups who propose strikingly different functions for this interaction. Here, we summarize their findings and present a perspective on reconciling the different views.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Allan LA, Camacho Reis M, Ciossani G, Huis in ‘t Veld PJ, Wohlgemuth S, Kops GJPL, Musacchio A, Saurin AT. Cyclin B1 scaffolds MAD1 at the kinetochore corona to activate the mitotic checkpoint. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103180. [PMID: 32202322 PMCID: PMC7298293 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B:CDK1 is the master kinase regulator of mitosis. We show here that, in addition to its kinase functions, mammalian Cyclin B also scaffolds a localised signalling pathway to help preserve genome stability. Cyclin B1 localises to an expanded region of the outer kinetochore, known as the corona, where it scaffolds the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) machinery by binding directly to MAD1. In vitro reconstitutions map the key binding interface to a few acidic residues in the N-terminal region of MAD1, and point mutations in this sequence abolish MAD1 corona localisation and weaken the SAC. Therefore, Cyclin B1 is the long-sought-after scaffold that links MAD1 to the corona, and this specific pool of MAD1 is needed to generate a robust SAC response. Robustness arises because Cyclin B1:MAD1 localisation loses dependence on MPS1 kinase after the corona has been established, ensuring that corona-localised MAD1 can still be phosphorylated when MPS1 activity is low. Therefore, this study explains how corona-MAD1 generates a robust SAC signal, and it reveals a scaffolding role for the key mitotic kinase, Cyclin B1:CDK1, which ultimately helps to inhibit its own degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Allan
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Magda Camacho Reis
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Pim J Huis in ‘t Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Geert JPL Kops
- Oncode InstituteHubrecht Institute—KNAW and University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cellular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hégarat N, Crncec A, Suarez Peredo Rodriguez MF, Echegaray Iturra F, Gu Y, Busby O, Lang PF, Barr AR, Bakal C, Kanemaki MT, Lamond AI, Novak B, Ly T, Hochegger H. Cyclin A triggers Mitosis either via the Greatwall kinase pathway or Cyclin B. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104419. [PMID: 32350921 PMCID: PMC7265243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two mitotic cyclin types, cyclin A and B, exist in higher eukaryotes, but their specialised functions in mitosis are incompletely understood. Using degron tags for rapid inducible protein removal, we analyse how acute depletion of these proteins affects mitosis. Loss of cyclin A in G2-phase prevents mitotic entry. Cells lacking cyclin B can enter mitosis and phosphorylate most mitotic proteins, because of parallel PP2A:B55 phosphatase inactivation by Greatwall kinase. The final barrier to mitotic establishment corresponds to nuclear envelope breakdown, which requires a decisive shift in the balance of cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 activity. Beyond this point, cyclin B/Cdk1 is essential for phosphorylation of a distinct subset of mitotic Cdk1 substrates that are essential to complete cell division. Our results identify how cyclin A, cyclin B and Greatwall kinase coordinate mitotic progression by increasing levels of Cdk1-dependent substrate phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hégarat
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | | | - Yan Gu
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Oliver Busby
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Paul F Lang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- MRC London Institute of Medical ScienceImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Institute of Clinical SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute for Cancer ResearchChester Beatty LaboratoriesLondonUK
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- National Institute of GeneticsResearch Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS)MishimaJapan
- Department of GeneticsSOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies)MishimaJapan
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and ExpressionSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Bela Novak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tony Ly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jackman M, Marcozzi C, Barbiero M, Pardo M, Yu L, Tyson AL, Choudhary JS, Pines J. Cyclin B1-Cdk1 facilitates MAD1 release from the nuclear pore to ensure a robust spindle checkpoint. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201907082. [PMID: 32236513 PMCID: PMC7265330 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How the cell rapidly and completely reorganizes its architecture when it divides is a problem that has fascinated researchers for almost 150 yr. We now know that the core regulatory machinery is highly conserved in eukaryotes, but how these multiple protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and ubiquitin ligases are coordinated in space and time to remodel the cell in a matter of minutes remains a major question. Cyclin B1-Cdk is the primary kinase that drives mitotic remodeling; here we show that it is targeted to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by binding an acidic face of the kinetochore checkpoint protein, MAD1, where it coordinates NPC disassembly with kinetochore assembly. Localized cyclin B1-Cdk1 is needed for the proper release of MAD1 from the embrace of TPR at the nuclear pore so that it can be recruited to kinetochores before nuclear envelope breakdown to maintain genomic stability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ovejero S, Bueno A, Sacristán MP. Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E225. [PMID: 32093406 PMCID: PMC7074175 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genomic instability exist: DNA damage, replicative stress, and chromosome segregation defects. In response to these challenges, eukaryotic cells have evolved control mechanisms, also known as checkpoint systems, which sense under-replicated or damaged DNA and activate specialized DNA repair machineries. Cells make use of these checkpoints throughout interphase to shield genome integrity before mitosis. Later on, when the cells enter into mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated and remains active until the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus to ensure an equal segregation among daughter cells. All of these processes are tightly interconnected and under strict regulation in the context of the cell division cycle. The chromosomal instability underlying cancer pathogenesis has recently emerged as a major source for understanding the mitotic processes that helps to safeguard genome integrity. Here, we review the special interconnection between the S-phase and mitosis in the presence of under-replicated DNA regions. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about the DNA damage response activated in mitosis that preserves chromosomal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ovejero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Avelino Bueno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María P. Sacristán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmitz ML, Higgins JMG, Seibert M. Priming chromatin for segregation: functional roles of mitotic histone modifications. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:625-641. [PMID: 31992120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1719585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins are important for various cellular processes including regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure, DNA damage response and chromosome segregation. Here we comprehensively review mitotic histone PTMs, in particular phosphorylations, and discuss their interplay and functions in the control of dynamic protein-protein interactions as well as their contribution to centromere and chromosome structure and function during cell division. Histone phosphorylations can create binding sites for mitotic regulators such as the chromosomal passenger complex, which is required for correction of erroneous spindle attachments and chromosome bi-orientation. Other histone PTMs can alter the structural properties of nucleosomes and the accessibility of chromatin. Epigenetic marks such as lysine methylations are maintained during mitosis and may also be important for mitotic transcription as well as bookmarking of transcriptional states to ensure the transmission of gene expression programs through cell division. Additionally, histone phosphorylation can dissociate readers of methylated histones without losing epigenetic information. Through all of these processes, mitotic histone PTMs play a functional role in priming the chromatin for faithful chromosome segregation and preventing genetic instability, one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Crncec A, Hochegger H. Triggering mitosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2868-2888. [PMID: 31602636 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This simple reaction rapidly and irreversibly sets the cell up for division. Even though the core step in triggering mitosis is so simple, the regulation of this cellular switch is highly complex, involving a large number of interconnected signalling cascades. We do have a detailed knowledge of most of the components of this network, but only a poor understanding of how they work together to create a precise and robust system that ensures that mitosis is triggered at the right time and in an orderly fashion. In this review, we will give an overview of the literature that describes the Cdk1 activation network and then address questions relating to the systems biology of this switch. How is the timing of the trigger controlled? How is mitosis insulated from interphase? What determines the sequence of events, following the initial trigger of Cdk1 activation? Which elements ensure robustness in the timing and execution of the switch? How has this system been adapted to the high levels of replication stress in cancer cells?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo L, Mohd KS, Ren H, Xin G, Jiang Q, Clarke PR, Zhang C. Phosphorylation of importin-α1 by CDK1-cyclin B1 controls mitotic spindle assembly. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs232314. [PMID: 31434716 PMCID: PMC6765185 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Importin-α serves as an adaptor linking importin-β to proteins carrying a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). During interphase, this interaction enables nuclear protein import, while in mitosis it regulates spindle assembly factors (SAFs) and controls microtubule nucleation, stabilization and spindle function. Here, we show that human importin-α1 is regulated during the cell cycle and is phosphorylated at two sites (threonine 9 and serine 62) during mitosis by the major mitotic protein kinase CDK1-cyclin B. Mutational analysis indicates that the mitotic phosphorylation of importin-α1 inhibits its binding to importin-β and promotes the release of TPX2 and KIFC1, which are then targeted like importin-β to the spindle. Loss of importin-α1 or expression of a non-phosphorylated mutant of importin-α1 results in the formation of shortened spindles with reduced microtubule density and induces a prolonged metaphase, whereas phosphorylation-mimicking mutants are functional in mitosis. We propose that phosphorylation of importin-α1 is a general mechanism for the spatial and temporal control of mitotic spindle assembly by CDK1-cyclin B1 that acts through the release of SAFs such as TPX2 and KIFC1 from inhibitory complexes that restrict spindle assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Khamsah Suryati Mohd
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - He Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangwei Xin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Paul R Clarke
- School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hayward D, Alfonso-Pérez T, Gruneberg U. Orchestration of the spindle assembly checkpoint by CDK1-cyclin B1. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2889-2907. [PMID: 31469407 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors the formation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments during capture of chromosomes by the mitotic spindle. Spindle assembly is complete once there are no longer any unattached kinetochores. Here, we will discuss the mechanism and key components of spindle checkpoint signalling. Unattached kinetochores bind the principal spindle checkpoint kinase monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1). MPS1 triggers the recruitment of other spindle checkpoint proteins and the formation of a soluble inhibitor of anaphase, thus preventing exit from mitosis. On microtubule attachment, kinetochores become checkpoint silent due to the actions of PP2A-B56 and PP1. This SAC responsive period has to be coordinated with mitotic spindle formation to ensure timely mitotic exit and accurate chromosome segregation. We focus on the molecular mechanisms by which the SAC permissive state is created, describing a central role for CDK1-cyclin B1 and its counteracting phosphatase PP2A-B55. Furthermore, we discuss how CDK1-cyclin B1, through its interaction with MAD1, acts as an integral component of the SAC, and actively orchestrates checkpoint signalling and thus contributes to the faithful execution of mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amin MA, Agarwal S, Varma D. Mapping the kinetochore MAP functions required for stabilizing microtubule attachments to chromosomes during metaphase. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:398-412. [PMID: 31454167 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mitosis, faithful chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the dynamic interactions between the spindle microtubules (MTs) emanating from the opposite poles and the kinetochores of the chromosomes. However, the precise mechanism that coordinates the coupling of the kinetochore components to dynamic MTs has been a long-standing question. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate MT nucleation and dynamics, MT-mediated transport and MT cross-linking in cells. During mitosis, MAPs play an essential role not only in determining spindle length, position, and orientation but also in facilitating robust kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments by linking the kinetochores to spindle MTs efficiently. The stability of MTs imparted by the MAPs is critical to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. This review primarily focuses on the specific function of nonmotor kinetochore MAPs, their recruitment to kinetochores and their MT-binding properties. We also attempt to synthesize and strengthen our understanding of how these MAPs work in coordination with the kinetochore-bound Ndc80 complex (the key component at the MT-binding interface in metaphase and anaphase) to establish stable kMT attachments and control accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vallardi G, Cordeiro MH, Saurin AT. A Kinase-Phosphatase Network that Regulates Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments and the SAC. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 56:457-484. [PMID: 28840249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The KMN network (for KNL1, MIS12 and NDC80 complexes) is a hub for signalling at the outer kinetochore. It integrates the activities of two kinases (MPS1 and Aurora B) and two phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A-B56) to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We will first discuss each of these enzymes separately, to describe how they are regulated at kinetochores and why this is important for their primary function in controlling either microtubule attachments or the SAC. We will then discuss why inhibiting any one of them individually produces secondary effects on all the others. This cross-talk may help to explain why all enzymes have been linked to both processes, even though the direct evidence suggests they each control only one. This chapter therefore describes how a network of kinases and phosphatases work together to regulate two key mitotic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallardi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marilia Henriques Cordeiro
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adrian Thomas Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alfonso-Pérez T, Hayward D, Holder J, Gruneberg U, Barr FA. MAD1-dependent recruitment of CDK1-CCNB1 to kinetochores promotes spindle checkpoint signaling. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1108-1117. [PMID: 30674583 PMCID: PMC6446853 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B-dependent kinase (CDK1-CCNB1) promotes entry into mitosis. Additionally, it inhibits mitotic exit by activating the spindle checkpoint. This latter role is mediated through phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase MPS1 and other spindle checkpoint proteins. We find that CDK1-CCNB1 localizes to unattached kinetochores and like MPS1 is lost from these structures upon microtubule attachment. This suggests that CDK1-CCNB1 is an integral component and not only an upstream regulator of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Complementary proteomic and cell biological analysis demonstrate that the spindle checkpoint protein MAD1 is one of the major components of CCNB1 complexes, and that CCNB1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores in an MPS1-dependent fashion through interaction with the first 100 amino acids of MAD1. This MPS1 and MAD1-dependent pool of CDK1-CCNB1 creates a positive feedback loop necessary for timely recruitment of MPS1 to kinetochores during mitotic entry and for sustained spindle checkpoint arrest. CDK1-CCNB1 is therefore an integral component of the spindle checkpoint, ensuring the fidelity of mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Seibert M, Krüger M, Watson NA, Sen O, Daum JR, Slotman JA, Braun T, Houtsmuller AB, Gorbsky GJ, Jacob R, Kracht M, Higgins JMG, Schmitz ML. CDK1-mediated phosphorylation at H2B serine 6 is required for mitotic chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1164-1181. [PMID: 30765437 PMCID: PMC6446833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful mitotic chromosome segregation is required for the maintenance of genomic stability. We discovered the phosphorylation of histone H2B at serine 6 (H2B S6ph) as a new chromatin modification site and found that this modification occurs during the early mitotic phases at inner centromeres and pericentromeric heterochromatin. This modification is directly mediated by cyclin B1-associated CDK1, and indirectly by Aurora B, and is antagonized by PP1-mediated dephosphorylation. H2B S6ph impairs chromatin binding of the histone chaperone SET (I2PP2A), which is important for mitotic fidelity. Injection of phosphorylation-specific H2B S6 antibodies in mitotic cells caused anaphase defects with impaired chromosome segregation and incomplete cytokinesis. As H2B S6ph is important for faithful chromosome separation, this modification may contribute to the prevention chromosomal instability and aneuploidy which frequently occur in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaus A Watson
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - Onur Sen
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - John R Daum
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Cell Division Biology Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nadzieja M, Stougaard J, Reid D. A Toolkit for High Resolution Imaging of Cell Division and Phytohormone Signaling in Legume Roots and Root Nodules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31428118 PMCID: PMC6688427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants benefit from a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in association with rhizobia hosted in specialized root nodules. Formation of root nodules is initiated by de novo organogenesis and coordinated infection of these developing lateral root organs by rhizobia. Both bacterial infection and nodule organogenesis involve cell cycle activation and regulation by auxin and cytokinin is tightly integrated in the process. To characterize the hormone dynamics and cell division patterns with cellular resolution during nodulation, sensitive and specific sensors suited for imaging of multicellular tissues are required. Here we report a modular toolkit, optimized in the model legume Lotus japonicus, for use in legume roots and root nodules. This toolkit includes synthetic transcriptional reporters for auxin and cytokinin, auxin accumulation sensors and cell cycle progression markers optimized for fluorescent and bright field microscopy. The developed vectors allow for efficient one-step assembly of multiple units using the GoldenGate cloning system. Applied together with a fluorescence-compatible clearing approach, these reporters improve imaging depth and facilitate fluorescence examination in legume roots. We additionally evaluate the utility of the dynamic gravitropic root response in altering the timing and location of auxin accumulation and nodule emergence. We show that alteration of auxin distribution in roots allows for preferential nodule emergence at the outer side of the bend corresponding to a region of high auxin signaling capacity. The presented tools and procedures open new possibilities for comparative mutant studies and for developing a more comprehensive understanding of legume-rhizobia interactions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Saurin AT. Kinase and Phosphatase Cross-Talk at the Kinetochore. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 29971233 PMCID: PMC6018199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases and phosphatases act on the kinetochore to control chromosome segregation: Aurora B, Mps1, Bub1, Plk1, Cdk1, PP1, and PP2A-B56, have all been shown to regulate both kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Given that so many kinases and phosphatases converge onto two key mitotic processes, it is perhaps not surprising to learn that they are, quite literally, entangled in cross-talk. Inhibition of any one of these enzymes produces secondary effects on all the others, which results in a complicated picture that is very difficult to interpret. This review aims to clarify this picture by first collating the direct effects of each enzyme into one overarching schematic of regulation at the Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80 (KMN) network (a major signaling hub at the outer kinetochore). This schematic will then be used to discuss the implications of the cross-talk that connects these enzymes; both in terms of why it may be needed to produce the right type of kinetochore signals and why it nevertheless complicates our interpretations about which enzymes control what processes. Finally, some general experimental approaches will be discussed that could help to characterize kinetochore signaling by dissociating the direct from indirect effect of kinase or phosphatase inhibition in vivo. Together, this review should provide a framework to help understand how a network of kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate two key mitotic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian T. Saurin
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
LOX is a novel mitotic spindle-associated protein essential for mitosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29023-35. [PMID: 27296552 PMCID: PMC5045375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LOX regulates cancer progression in a variety of human malignancies. It is overexpressed in aggressive cancers and higher expression of LOX is associated with higher cancer mortality. Here, we report a new function of LOX in mitosis. We show that LOX co-localizes to mitotic spindles from metaphase to telophase, and p-H3(Ser10)-positive cells harbor strong LOX staining. Further, purification of mitotic spindles from synchronized cells show that LOX fails to bind to microtubules in the presence of nocodazole, whereas paclitaxel treated samples showed enrichment in LOX expression, suggesting that LOX binds to stabilized microtubules. LOX knockdown leads to G2/M phase arrest; reduced p-H3(Ser10), cyclin B1, CDK1, and Aurora B. Moreover, LOX knockdown significantly increased sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents that target microtubules. Our findings suggest that LOX has a role in cancer cell mitosis and may be targeted to enhance the activity of microtubule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo H, Wang Q, Li Y, Yin X, Zhang H, Shi J. Overexpression of CDC25C affects the cell cycle of ovarian granulosa cells from adult and young goats. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
28
|
Zhang X, Zhao J, Gao X, Pei D, Gao C. Anthelmintic drug albendazole arrests human gastric cancer cells at the mitotic phase and induces apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:595-603. [PMID: 28352336 PMCID: PMC5348670 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As microtubules have a vital function in the cell cycle, oncologists have developed microtubule inhibitors capable of preventing uncontrolled cell division, as in the case of cancer. The anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ) has been demonstrated to inhibit hepatocellular, ovarian and prostate cancer cells via microtubule targeting. However, its activity against human gastric cancer (GC) cells has remained to be determined. In the present study, ABZ was used to treat GC cells (MKN-45, SGC-7901 and MKN-28). A a CCK-8 cell proliferation assay was performed to assess the effects of ABZ on cell viability and cell cycle changes were assessed using flow cytometry. SGC-7901 cells were selected for further study, and flow cytometry was employed to determine the apoptotic rate, immunofluorescence analysis was employed to show changes of the microtubule structure as well as the subcellular localization and expression levels of cyclin B1, and western blot analysis was used to identify the dynamics of microtubule assembly. The expression levels of relevant proteins, including cyclin B1 and Cdc2, the two subunits of mitosis-promoting factor as well as apoptosis-asociated proteins were also assessed by western blot analysis. The results showed that ABZ exerted its anti-cancer activity in GC cell lines by disrupting microtubule formation and function to cause mitotic arrest, which is also associated with the accumulation of cyclin B1, and consequently induces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei J, Huang Q, Bai F, Lin J, Nie J, Lu S, Lu C, Huang R, Lu Z, Lin X. Didymin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and up-regulation of RKIP in human hepatoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 261:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
30
|
Chen J, Liu J. Erroneous Silencing of the Mitotic Checkpoint by Aberrant Spindle Pole-Kinetochore Coordination. Biophys J 2016; 109:2418-35. [PMID: 26636952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To segregate chromosomes during cell division, microtubules that form the bipolar spindle attach to and pull on paired chromosome kinetochores. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated at unattached and misattached kinetochores to prevent further mitotic progression. The SAC is silenced after all the kinetochores establish proper and stable attachment to the spindle. Robust timing of SAC silencing after the last kinetochore-spindle attachment herein dictates the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Chromosome missegregation is rare in typical somatic cell mitosis, but frequent in cancer cell mitosis and in meiosis I of mammalian oocytes. In the latter cases, SAC is normally activated in response to disruptions of kinetochore-spindle attachments, suggesting that frequent chromosome missegregation ensues from faulty SAC silencing. In-depth understanding of how SAC silencing malfunctions in these cases is yet missing, but is believed to hold promise for treatment of cancer and prevention of human miscarriage and birth defects. We previously established a spatiotemporal model that, to the best of our knowledge, explained the robustness of SAC silencing in normal mitosis for the first time. In this article, we take advantage of the whole-cell perspective of the spatiotemporal model to identify possible causes of chromosome missegregation out of the distinct features of spindle assembly exhibited by cancer cells and mammalian oocytes. The model results explain why multipolar spindle could inhibit SAC silencing and spindle pole clustering could promote it-albeit accompanied by more kinetochore attachment errors. The model also eliminates geometric factors as the cause for nonrobust SAC silencing in oocyte meiosis, and instead, suggests atypical kinetochore-spindle attachment in meiosis as a potential culprit. Overall, the model shows that abnormal spindle-pole formation and its aberrant coordination with atypical kinetochore-spindle attachments could compromise the robustness of SAC silencing. Our model highlights systems-level coupling between kinetochore-spindle attachment and spindle-pole formation in SAC silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jian Liu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sirri V, Jourdan N, Hernandez-Verdun D, Roussel P. Sharing the mitotic pre-ribosomal particles between daughter cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1592-604. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental multistep process initiated by the synthesis of 90S pre-ribosomal particles in the nucleoli of higher eukaryotes. Even though synthesis of ribosomes stops during mitosis while nucleoli disappear, mitotic pre-ribosomal particles persist as observed in prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) during telophase. To further understand the relationship between the nucleolus and the PNBs, the presence and the fate of the mitotic pre-ribosomal particles during cell division was investigated. We demonstrate that the recently synthesized 45S precursor ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) but also the 32S and 30S pre-rRNAs are maintained during mitosis and associated with the chromosome periphery together with pre-rRNA processing factors. Maturation of the mitotic pre-ribosomal particles, as assessed by the stability of the mitotic pre-rRNAs, is transiently arrested during mitosis by a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1-cyclin B-dependent mechanism and may be restored by CDK inhibitor treatments. At the M/G1 transition, the resumption of mitotic pre-rRNA processing in PNBs does not induce the disappearance of PNBs that only occurs when functional nucleoli reform. Strikingly, during their maturation process, mitotic pre-rRNAs localize in reforming nucleoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sirri
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, UMR 8251 CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR 8256 CNRS, 9 quai St Bernard, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Danièle Hernandez-Verdun
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, 15 rue Hélène Brion, F‑75205 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Roussel
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, UMR 8251 CNRS, 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, F-75205 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Voets E, Marsman J, Demmers J, Beijersbergen R, Wolthuis R. The lethal response to Cdk1 inhibition depends on sister chromatid alignment errors generated by KIF4 and isoform 1 of PRC1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14798. [PMID: 26423135 PMCID: PMC4589785 DOI: 10.1038/srep14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is absolutely essential for cell division. Complete ablation of Cdk1 precludes the entry of G2 phase cells into mitosis, and is early embryonic lethal in mice. Dampening Cdk1 activation, by reducing gene expression or upon treatment with cell-permeable Cdk1 inhibitors, is also detrimental for proliferating cells, but has been associated with defects in mitotic progression, and the formation of aneuploid daughter cells. Here, we used a large-scale RNAi screen to identify the human genes that critically determine the cellular toxicity of Cdk1 inhibition. We show that Cdk1 inhibition leads to fatal sister chromatid alignment errors and mitotic arrest in the spindle checkpoint. These problems start early in mitosis and are alleviated by depletion of isoform 1 of PRC1 (PRC1-1), by gene ablation of its binding partner KIF4, or by abrogation of KIF4 motor activity. Our results show that, normally, Cdk1 activity must rise above the level required for mitotic entry. This prevents KIF4-dependent PRC1-1 translocation to astral microtubule tips and safeguards proper chromosome congression. We conclude that cell death in response to Cdk1 inhibitors directly relates to chromosome alignment defects generated by insufficient repression of PRC1-1 and KIF4 during prometaphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Voets
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Insitute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Marsman
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Insitute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Beijersbergen
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Insitute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Wolthuis
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Insitute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and CCA/V-ICI Research Program Oncogenesis, VUmc Medical Faculty, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Voets E, Wolthuis R. MASTL promotes cyclin B1 destruction by enforcing Cdc20-independent binding of cyclin B1 to the APC/C. Biol Open 2015; 4:484-95. [PMID: 25750436 PMCID: PMC4400591 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells enter mitosis, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated by phosphorylation and binding of Cdc20. The RXXL destruction box (D-box) of cyclin B1 only binds Cdc20 after release of the spindle checkpoint in metaphase, initiating cyclin B1 ubiquitination upon chromosome bi-orientation. However, we found that cyclin B1, through Cdk1 and Cks, is targeted to the phosphorylated APC/CCdc20 at the start of prometaphase, when the spindle checkpoint is still active. Here, we show that MASTL is essential for cyclin B1 recruitment to the mitotic APC/C and that this occurs entirely independently of Cdc20. Importantly, MASTL-directed binding of cyclin B1 to spindle checkpoint-inhibited APC/CCdc20 critically supports efficient cyclin B1 destruction after checkpoint release. A high incidence of anaphase bridges observed in response to MASTL RNAi may result from cyclin B1 remaining after securin destruction, which is insufficient to keep MASTL-depleted cells in mitosis but delays the activation of separase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Voets
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Wolthuis
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and CCA/V-ICI Research Program Oncogenesis, VUmc Medical Faculty, van de Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Y, Zhang H, Zhu X, Feng D, Zhang D, Zhuo B, Zheng J. Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting MYCN gene induces apoptosis by upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6037-43. [PMID: 25736927 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplification of MYCN is a typical characteristic of aggressive neuroblastomas, whereas acquired mutations of p53 lead to refractory and relapsed cases. We had previously examined the applicability of the replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus, ZD55-shMYCN, to deliver a short hairpin RNA targeting MYCN gene for p53-null and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line LA1-55N. Our data have shown that ZD55-shMYCN has an additive tumor growth inhibitory response through shRNA-mediated MYCN knockdown and ZD55-mediated cancer cell lysis. In this regard, ZD55-shMYCN can downregulate MYCN and perform anticancer effects, thereby acquiring significance in the administration of MYCN-amplified and p53-null neuroblastomas. Hence, we further investigated the anticancer properties of ZD55-shMYCN in neuroblastomas. Our data showed that ZD55-shMYCN induced G2/M arrest via decreasing the levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 irrespective of p53 status. ZD55-shMYCN effectively induced apoptosis in neuroblastomas through activation of caspase-3 and enhancing PARP cleavage. Furthermore, ZD55-shMYCN could downregulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and pAkt and upregulate RKIP levels. Similarly, pro-apoptosis was revealed by the histopathologic examination of paraffin-embedded section of resected tumors of mice xenograft. In vitro and in vivo studies, we elucidate the apoptosis properties and mechanisms of action of ZD55-shMYCN, which provide a promising approach for further clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, 18 Suti North Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen J, Liu J. Spatial-temporal model for silencing of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4795. [PMID: 25216458 PMCID: PMC4163959 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint arrests mitotic progression until each kinetochore secures a stable attachment to the spindle. Despite fluctuating noise, this checkpoint remains robust and remarkably sensitive to even a single unattached kinetochore among many attached kinetochores; moreover, the checkpoint is silenced only after the final kinetochore-spindle attachment. Experimental observations have shown that checkpoint components stream from attached kinetochores along microtubules toward spindle poles. Here, we incorporate this streaming behavior into a theoretical model that accounts for the robustness of checkpoint silencing. Poleward streams are integrated at spindle poles, but are diverted by any unattached kinetochore; consequently, accumulation of checkpoint components at spindle poles increases markedly only when every kinetochore is properly attached. This step-change robustly triggers checkpoint silencing after, and only after, the final kinetochore-spindle attachment. Our model offers a conceptual framework that highlights the role of spatiotemporal regulation in mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling and fidelity of chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3306, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3306, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A critical requirement for mitosis is the distribution of genetic material to the two daughter cells. The central player in this process is the macromolecular kinetochore structure, which binds to both chromosomal DNA and spindle microtubule polymers to direct chromosome alignment and segregation. This review will discuss the key kinetochore activities required for mitotic chromosome segregation, including the recognition of a specific site on each chromosome, kinetochore assembly and the formation of kinetochore-microtubule connections, the generation of force to drive chromosome segregation, and the regulation of kinetochore function to ensure that chromosome segregation occurs with high fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Raja VJ, Lim KH, Leong CO, Kam TS, Bradshaw TD. Novel antitumour indole alkaloid, Jerantinine A, evokes potent G2/M cell cycle arrest targeting microtubules. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:838-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
38
|
Wang G, Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhang B, Zhuo X, Liu J, Jiang Q, Zhang C. PCM1 recruits Plk1 to the pericentriolar matrix to promote primary cilia disassembly before mitotic entry. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1355-65. [PMID: 23345402 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia, which emanate from the cell surface, exhibit assembly and disassembly dynamics along the progression of the cell cycle. However, the mechanism that links ciliary dynamics and cell cycle regulation remains elusive. In the present study, we report that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), one of the key cell cycle regulators, which regulate centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle assembly and cytokinesis, acts as a pivotal player that connects ciliary dynamics and cell cycle regulation. We found that the kinase activity of centrosome enriched Plk1 is required for primary cilia disassembly before mitotic entry, wherein Plk1 interacts with and activates histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to promote ciliary deacetylation and resorption. Furthermore, we showed that pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) acts upstream of Plk1 and recruits the kinase to pericentriolar matrix (PCM) in a dynein-dynactin complex-dependent manner. This process coincides with the primary cilia disassembly dynamics at the onset of mitosis, as depletion of PCM1 by shRNA dramatically disrupted the pericentriolar accumulation of Plk1. Notably, the interaction between PCM1 and Plk1 is phosphorylation dependent, and CDK1 functions as the priming kinase to facilitate the interaction. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby the recruitment of Plk1 to pericentriolar matrix by PCM1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of primary cilia disassembly before mitotic entry. Thus, the regulation of ciliary dynamics and cell proliferation share some common regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pfaff KL, King RW. Determinants of human cyclin B1 association with mitotic chromosomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59169. [PMID: 23505570 PMCID: PMC3594322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B1–CDK1 activity is essential for mitotic entry, but questions remain regarding how the activity of this kinase is spatially regulated. Previous studies showed that the cyclin B1 subunit localizes to several compartments of a mitotic cell, including the centrosomes, mitotic spindle, kinetochores and chromosomes via distinct sequence elements. Mitotic chromosome association occurs through the unstructured N-terminal domain of cyclin B1 and is independent of CDK1 binding. Here, we use live cell imaging of human cyclin B1 fused to GFP to precisely define the sequence elements within cyclin B1 that mediate its association with condensed mitotic chromosomes. We find that a short, evolutionarily conserved N-terminal motif is required for cyclin B1 to localize to mitotic chromosomes. We further reveal a role for arginine residues within and near the destruction box sequence in the chromosome association of cyclin B1. Additionally, our data suggest that sequences further downstream in cyclin B1, such as the cytoplasmic retention sequence and the cyclin box, may negatively modulate chromosome association. Because multiple basic residues are required for cyclin B1 association with mitotic chromosomes, electrostatic interactions with DNA may facilitate cyclin B1 localization to chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L. Pfaff
- Harvard Medical School Department of Cell Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Randall W. King
- Harvard Medical School Department of Cell Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lan R, Lin G, Yin F, Xu J, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Gong J, Ding YH, Yang Z, Lu F, Zhang H. Dissecting the phenotypes of Plk1 inhibition in cancer cells using novel kinase inhibitory chemical CBB2001. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1503-14. [PMID: 22890557 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a mitotic serine/threonine kinase and its kinase activity is closely interrelated to cell cycle progression, various types of cancer development and often correlates with poor prognosis. Thus, it is of prime importance to characterize the phenotypes of Plk1 inhibition in cells for drug development and clinical application. Here, we report a novel kinase inhibitory chemical, CBB2001, which specifically inhibited Plk1 kinase activity in vitro with an IC(50) of 0.39 μM. In cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, we found that treatment of CBB2001 caused mitotic cell cycle arrest (EC(50)=0.72 μM) and induction of 'polo' cells (EC(50)=0.32 μM). Interestingly, the cell cycle arrest induced by CBB2001 was associated with accumulation of Plk1 (EC(50)=0.61 μM) and Geminin (EC(50)=0.43 μM) proteins, but distinct from the phenotypes induced by Aurora kinase inhibitors. The inhibitory effects of CBB2001 were phenocopied by RNA interferences of Plk1. We also confirmed the cell cycle inhibitory effects of CBB2001 in other cancer cells. Moreover, CBB2001 inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with an IC(50) of 0.85 μM in MTT assays, which is better than that of reported Plk1 inhibitory chemicals ON01910 (IC(50)=6.46 μM) and LFM-A13 (IC(50)=37.36 μM). CBB2001 also inhibited mouse xenograft tumor growth. Furthermore, CBB2001 inhibited mitotic exit and delayed degradation of APC/C substrates, Geminin, Cyclin B1 and Aurora A. These specific phenotypes may serve as specific features for Plk1 inhibition and for Plk1-based clinic trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Lan
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Connecting up and clearing out: how kinetochore attachment silences the spindle assembly checkpoint. Chromosoma 2012; 121:509-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
42
|
Singhal J, Nagaprashantha LD, Vatsyayan R, Ashutosh, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. Didymin induces apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 5:473-83. [PMID: 22174364 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas arise from the neural crest cells and represent the most common solid tumors outside the nervous system in children. The amplification of N-Myc plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of neuroblastomas, whereas acquired mutations of p53 lead to refractory and relapsed cases of neuroblastomas. In this regard, dietary compounds which can target N-Myc and exert anticancer effects independent of p53 status acquire significance in the management of neuroblastomas. Hence, we investigated the anticancer properties of the flavonoid didymin in neuroblastomas. Didymin effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis irrespective of p53 status in neuroblastomas. Didymin downregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase, pAkt, Akt, vimentin, and upregulated RKIP levels. Didymin induced G(2)/M arrest along with decreasing the levels of cyclin D1, CDK4, and cyclin B1. Importantly, didymin inhibited N-Myc as confirmed at protein, mRNA, and transcriptional level by promoter-reporter assays. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of didymin-treated (2 mg/kg b.w.) mice serum revealed effective oral absorption with free didymin concentration of 2.1 μmol/L. Further in vivo mice xenograft studies revealed that didymin-treated (2 mg/kg b.w.) animals had significant reductions in tumors size compared with controls. Didymin strongly inhibited the proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (CD31) markers, as well as N-Myc expression, as revealed by the histopathologic examination of paraffin-embedded section of resected tumors. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo studies elucidated the anticancer properties and mechanisms of action of a novel, orally active, and palatable flavonoid didymin, which makes it a potential new approach for neuroblastoma therapy (NANT) to target pediatric neuroblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research, National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Mitosis is associated with profound changes in cell physiology and a spectacular surge in protein phosphorylation. To accomplish these, a remarkably large portion of the kinome is involved in the process. In the present review, we will focus on classic mitotic kinases, such as cyclin-dependent kinases, Polo-like kinases and Aurora kinases, as well as more recently characterized players such as NIMA (never in mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans)-related kinases, Greatwall and Haspin. Together, these kinases co-ordinate the proper timing and fidelity of processes including centrosomal functions, spindle assembly and microtubule-kinetochore attachment, as well as sister chromatid separation and cytokinesis. A recurrent theme of the mitotic kinase network is the prevalence of elaborated feedback loops that ensure bistable conditions. Sequential phosphorylation and priming phosphorylation on substrates are also frequently employed. Another important concept is the role of scaffolds, such as centrosomes for protein kinases during mitosis. Elucidating the entire repertoire of mitotic kinases, their functions, regulation and interactions is critical for our understanding of normal cell growth and in diseases such as cancers.
Collapse
|
44
|
Park JE, Erikson RL, Lee KS. Feed-forward mechanism of converting biochemical cooperativity to mitotic processes at the kinetochore plate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8200-5. [PMID: 21525413 PMCID: PMC3100994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The feed-forward mechanism is observed in some of the intracellular events, such as metabolic and transcriptional regulatory networks, but not in dynamic mitotic processes. Mammalian polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) rapidly accumulates at centrosomes and kinetochores as cells enter mitosis. Plk1 function is spatially regulated through the targeting activity of the polo-box domain (PBD) that binds to a phosphoepitope generated by either cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) (non-self-priming) or Plk1 itself (self-priming). "Non-self-priming and binding" is thought to ensure the orderly execution of cell cycle events. The physiological significance of the "self-priming and binding" is unknown. Using a pair of ELISA, here we demonstrated that mutations of the self-priming site of a kinetochore component, PBIP1/MLF1IP/KLIP1/CENP-50/CENP-U (PBIP1), to a Cdk1-dependent non-self-priming site abolished product-activated cooperativity in the formation of the Plk1-PBIP1 complex. Both PBD-dependent "two-dimensional" interaction with surface-restricted PBIP1 and subsequent phosphorylation of PBIP1 by anchored Plk1 were crucial to cooperatively generate the Plk1-PBIP1 complex. Highlighting the importance of this mechanism, failure in this process resulted in improper Plk1 recruitment to kinetochores, mitotic arrest, chromosome missegregation, and apoptosis. Thus, Plk1 PBD-dependent biochemical cooperativity is tightly coupled to mitotic events at the kinetochore plate through a product-activated, feed-forward mechanism. Given the critical role of self-priming and binding in the recruitment of Plk1 to surface-confined structures, such as centrosomes, kinetochores, and midbody, we propose that the observed feed-forward mechanism serves as a fundamental biochemical process that ensures dynamic nature of Plk1 localization to and delocalization from these subcellular locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Raymond L. Erikson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Potapova TA, Sivakumar S, Flynn JN, Li R, Gorbsky GJ. Mitotic progression becomes irreversible in prometaphase and collapses when Wee1 and Cdc25 are inhibited. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1191-206. [PMID: 21325631 PMCID: PMC3078080 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Cdk1 is rapid and switch-like due to positive feedback mechanisms. When Cdk1 is fully on, cells are capable of M-to-G1 transition. Inhibition of positive feedback prevents rapid Cdk1 activation and induces a mitotic “collapse” phenotype characterized by the dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates without cyclin B proteolysis. Mitosis requires precise coordination of multiple global reorganizations of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is the primary upstream kinase that directs mitotic progression by phosphorylation of a large number of substrate proteins. Cdk1 activation reaches the peak level due to positive feedback mechanisms. By inhibiting Cdk chemically, we showed that, in prometaphase, when Cdk1 substrates approach the peak of their phosphorylation, cells become capable of proper M-to-G1 transition. We interfered with the molecular components of the Cdk1-activating feedback system through use of chemical inhibitors of Wee1 and Myt1 kinases and Cdc25 phosphatases. Inhibition of Wee1 and Myt1 at the end of the S phase led to rapid Cdk1 activation and morphologically normal mitotic entry, even in the absence of G2. Dampening Cdc25 phosphatases simultaneously with Wee1 and Myt1 inhibition prevented Cdk1/cyclin B kinase activation and full substrate phosphorylation and induced a mitotic “collapse,” a terminal state characterized by the dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates without cyclin B proteolysis. This was blocked by the PP1/PP2A phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. These findings suggest that the positive feedback in Cdk activation serves to overcome the activity of Cdk-opposing phosphatases and thus sustains forward progression in mitosis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hage-Sleiman R, Herveau S, Matera EL, Laurier JF, Dumontet C. Silencing of tubulin binding cofactor C modifies microtubule dynamics and cell cycle distribution and enhances sensitivity to gemcitabine in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:303-12. [PMID: 21216936 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin binding cofactor C (TBCC) is essential for the proper folding of α- and β-tubulins into microtubule polymerizable heterodimers. Because microtubules are considered major targets in the treatment of breast cancer, we investigated the influence of TBCC silencing on tubulin pools, microtubule dynamics, and cell cycle distribution of breast cancer cells by developing a variant MCF7 cells with reduced content of TBCC (MC-). MC- cells displayed decreased content in nonpolymerizable tubulins and increased content of polymerizable/microtubule tubulins when compared with control MP6 cells. Microtubules in MC- cells showed stronger dynamics than those of MP6 cells. MC- cells proliferated faster than MP6 cells and showed an altered cell cycle distribution, with a higher percentage in S-phase of the cell cycle. Consequently, MC- cells presented higher sensitivity to the S-phase-targeting agent gemcitabine than MP6 cells in vitro. Although the complete duration of mitosis was shorter in MC- cells and their microtubule dynamics was enhanced, the percentage of cells in G(2)-M phase was not altered nor was there any difference in sensitivity to antimicrotubule-targeting agents when compared with MP6 cells. Xenografts derived from TBCC variants displayed significantly enhanced tumor growth in vivo and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine in comparison to controls. These results are the first to suggest that proteins involved in the proper folding of cytoskeletal components may have an important influence on the cell cycle distribution, proliferation, and chemosensitivity of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Hage-Sleiman
- INSERM 590, Faculté Rockefeller, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Molecular characterization of apoptosis induced by CARF silencing in human cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:589-601. [PMID: 21052095 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborator of ARF (CARF) was cloned as an ARF-interacting protein and shown to regulate the p53-p21(WAF1)-HDM2 pathway, which is central to tumor suppression via senescence and apoptosis. We had previously reported that CARF inhibition in cancer cells led to polyploidy and caspase-dependent apoptosis, however, the mechanisms governing this phenomenon remained unknown. Thus, we examined various cell death and survival pathways including the mitochondrial stress, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-ATR, Ras-MAP kinase and retinoblastoma cascades. We found that CARF is a pleiotropic regulator with widespread effects; its suppression affected all investigated pathways. Most remarkably, it protected the cells against genotoxicity; CARF knockdown elicited DNA damage response as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated ATM and γH2AX, leading to induction of mitotic arrest and eventual apoptosis. We also show that the CARF-silencing-induced apoptosis in vitro translates to in vivo. In a human tumor xenograft mouse model, treatment of developing tumors with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CARF via an adenovirus carrier induced complete suppression of tumor growth, suggesting that CARF shRNA is a strong candidate for an anticancer reagent. We demonstrate that CARF has a vital role in genome preservation and tumor suppression and CARF siRNA is an effective novel cancer therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
48
|
Tsukahara T, Tanno Y, Watanabe Y. Phosphorylation of the CPC by Cdk1 promotes chromosome bi-orientation. Nature 2010; 467:719-23. [PMID: 20739936 DOI: 10.1038/nature09390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Successful partition of replicated genomes at cell division requires chromosome attachment to opposite poles of mitotic spindle (bi-orientation). Any defects in this regulation bring about chromosomal instability, which may accelerate tumour progression in humans. To achieve chromosome bi-orientation at prometaphase, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), composed of catalytic kinase Aurora B and regulatory components (INCENP, Survivin and Borealin), must be localized to centromeres to phosphorylate kinetochore substrates. Although the CPC dynamically changes the subcellular localization, the regulation of centromere targeting is largely unknown. Here we isolated a fission yeast cyclin B mutant defective specifically in chromosome bi-orientation. Accordingly, we identified Cdk1 (also known as Cdc2)-cyclin-B-dependent phosphorylation of Survivin. Preventing Survivin phosphorylation impairs centromere CPC targeting as well as chromosome bi-orientation, whereas phosphomimetic Survivin suppresses the bi-orientation defect in the cyclin B mutant. Survivin phosphorylation promotes direct binding with shugoshin, which we now define as a conserved centromeric adaptor of the CPC. In human cells, the phosphorylation of Borealin has a comparable role. Thus, our study resolves the conserved mechanisms of CPC targeting to centromeres, highlighting a key role of Cdk1-cyclin B in chromosome bi-orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marconett CN, Morgenstern TJ, San Roman AK, Sundar SN, Singhal AK, Firestone GL. BZL101, a phytochemical extract from the Scutellaria barbata plant, disrupts proliferation of human breast and prostate cancer cells through distinct mechanisms dependent on the cancer cell phenotype. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:397-405. [PMID: 20574166 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.4.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BZL101 is an aqueous extract from the Scutellaria barbata plant shown to have anticancer properties in a variety of human cancers. In order to determine its efficacy on human reproductive cancers, we assessed the responses of two human breast cancer cell lines, estrogen sensitive MCF7 and estrogen insensitive MDA-MB-231, and of two human prostate cancer cell lines, androgen sensitive LNCaP and androgen insensitive PC3 which are human cell lines that represent early and late stage reproductive cancers. BZL101 inhibited reproductive cancer growth in all cell lines by regulating expression levels of key cell cycle components that differ with respect to the cancer cell phenotypes. In early stage estrogen sensitive MCF7 cells, BZL101 induced a G₁ cell cycle arrest and ablated expression of key G₁ cell cycle regulators Cyclin D1, CDK2 and CDK4, as well as growth factor stimulatory pathways and estrogen receptor-α expression. Transfection of luciferase reporter plasmids revealed that the loss of CDK2, CDK4 and estrogen receptor-α transcript expression resulted from the BZL-dependent ablation of promoter activities. BZL101 growth arrests early stage androgen sensitive LNCaP cells in the G₂/M phase with corresponding decreases in Cyclin B1, CDK1 and androgen receptor expression. In late stage hormone insensitive breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells, BZL101 induced an S phase arrest with corresponding ablations in Cyclin A2 and CDK2 expression. Our results demonstrate that BZL101 exerts phenotype specific anti-proliferative gene expression responses in human breast and prostate cancer cells, which will be valuable in the potential development of BZL-based therapeutic strategies for human reproductive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Elowe S, Dulla K, Uldschmid A, Li X, Dou Z, Nigg EA. Uncoupling of the spindle-checkpoint and chromosome-congression functions of BubR1. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:84-94. [PMID: 20016069 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.056507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BubR1 checkpoint protein performs multiple functions in mitosis. We have carried out a functional analysis of conserved motifs of human BubR1 (also known as BUB1B) and demonstrate that spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and chromosome attachment functions can be uncoupled from each other. Mutation of five proline-directed serine phosphorylation sites, identified in vivo by mass spectrometry, essentially abolishes attachment of chromosomes to the spindle but has no effect on SAC functionality. By contrast, mutation of the two conserved KEN boxes required for SAC function does not impact chromosome congression. Interestingly, the contribution of the two KEN-box motifs is not equal. Cdc20 associates with the N-terminal but not C-terminal KEN box, and mutation of the N-terminal KEN motif results in more severe acceleration of mitotic timing. Moreover, the two KEN motifs are not sufficient for maximal binding of Cdc20 and APC/C, which also requires sequences in the BubR1 C-terminus. Finally, mutation of the GLEBS motif causes loss of Bub3 interaction and mislocalization of BubR1 from the kinetochore; concomitantly, BubR1 phosphorylation as well as SAC activity and chromosome congression are impaired, indicating that the GLEBS motif is strictly required for both major functions of human BubR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Elowe
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|