1
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Wang YT, Therriault J, Servaes S, Tissot C, Rahmouni N, Macedo AC, Fernandez-Arias J, Mathotaarachchi SS, Benedet AL, Stevenson J, Ashton NJ, Lussier FZ, Pascoal TA, Zetterberg H, Rajah MN, Blennow K, Gauthier S, Rosa-Neto P. Sex-specific modulation of amyloid-β on tau phosphorylation underlies faster tangle accumulation in females. Brain 2024; 147:1497-1510. [PMID: 37988283 PMCID: PMC10994548 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Females are disproportionately affected by dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Despite a similar amyloid-β (Aβ) load, a higher load of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is seen in females than males. Previous literature has proposed that Aβ and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) synergism accelerates tau tangle formation, yet the effect of biological sex in this process has been overlooked. In this observational study, we examined longitudinal neuroimaging data from the TRIAD and ADNI cohorts from Canada and USA, respectively. We assessed 457 participants across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's disease. All participants underwent baseline multimodal imaging assessment, including MRI and PET, with radioligands targeting Aβ plaques and tau tangles, respectively. CSF data were also collected. Follow-up imaging assessments were conducted at 1- and 2-year intervals for the TRIAD cohort and 1-, 2- and 4-year intervals for the ADNI cohort. The upstream pathological events contributing to faster tau progression in females were investigated-specifically, whether the contribution of Aβ and p-tau synergism to accelerated tau tangle formation is modulated by biological sex. We hypothesized that cortical Aβ predisposes tau phosphorylation and tangle accumulation in a sex-specific manner. Findings revealed that Aβ-positive females presented higher CSF p-tau181 concentrations compared with Aβ-positive males in both the TRIAD (P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.51) and ADNI (P = 0.027, Cohen's d = 0.41) cohorts. In addition, Aβ-positive females presented faster NFT accumulation compared with their male counterparts (TRIAD: P = 0.026, Cohen's d = 0.52; ADNI: P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 1.14). Finally, the triple interaction between female sex, Aβ and CSF p-tau181 was revealed as a significant predictor of accelerated tau accumulation at the 2-year follow-up visit (Braak I: P = 0.0067, t = 2.81; Braak III: P = 0.017, t = 2.45; Braak IV: P = 0.002, t = 3.17; Braak V: P = 0.006, t = 2.88; Braak VI: P = 0.0049, t = 2.93). Overall, we report sex-specific modulation of cortical Aβ in tau phosphorylation, consequently facilitating faster NFT progression in female individuals over time. This presents important clinical implications and suggests that early intervention that targets Aβ plaques and tau phosphorylation may be a promising therapeutic strategy in females to prevent the further accumulation and spread of tau aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Arthur Cassa Macedo
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Arias
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sulantha S Mathotaarachchi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Andréa L Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RX, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Firoza Z Lussier
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tharick A Pascoal
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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2
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Giraud-Gatineau A, Ayachit G, Nieves C, Dagbo KC, Bourhy K, Pulido F, Huete SG, Benaroudj N, Picardeau M, Veyrier FJ. Inter-species Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Constitutive Adaptation Against Oxidative Stress for the Highly Virulent Leptospira Species. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae066. [PMID: 38573174 PMCID: PMC11021026 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses across large scales of evolutionary distance have great potential to shed light on regulatory evolution but are complicated by difficulties in establishing orthology and limited availability of accessible software. We introduce here a method and a graphical user interface wrapper, called Annotator-RNAtor, for performing interspecies transcriptomic analysis and studying intragenus evolution. The pipeline uses third-party software to infer homologous genes in various species and highlight differences in the expression of the core-genes. To illustrate the methodology and demonstrate its usefulness, we focus on the emergence of the highly virulent Leptospira subclade known as P1+, which includes the causative agents of leptospirosis. Here, we expand on the genomic study through the comparison of transcriptomes between species from P1+ and their related P1- counterparts (low-virulent pathogens). In doing so, we shed light on differentially expressed pathways and focused on describing a specific example of adaptation based on a differential expression of PerRA-controlled genes. We showed that P1+ species exhibit higher expression of the katE gene, a well-known virulence determinant in pathogenic Leptospira species correlated with greater tolerance to peroxide. Switching PerRA alleles between P1+ and P1- species demonstrated that the lower repression of katE and greater tolerance to peroxide in P1+ species was solely controlled by PerRA and partly caused by a PerRA amino-acid permutation. Overall, these results demonstrate the strategic fit of the methodology and its ability to decipher adaptive transcriptomic changes, not observable by comparative genome analysis, that may have been implicated in the emergence of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Giraud-Gatineau
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - Garima Ayachit
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Cecilia Nieves
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Kouessi C Dagbo
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Konogan Bourhy
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Francisco Pulido
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Samuel G Huete
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Benaroudj
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric J Veyrier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Manera AL, Dadar M, Ducharme S, Collins DL. VentRa: distinguishing frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae069. [PMID: 38510209 PMCID: PMC10953623 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The volume of the lateral ventricles is a reliable and sensitive indicator of brain atrophy and disease progression in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. In this study, we validate our previously developed automated tool using ventricular features (known as VentRa) for the classification of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia versus a mixed cohort of neurodegenerative, vascular and psychiatric disorders from a clinically representative independent dataset. Lateral ventricles were segmented for 1110 subjects-14 behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 30 other frontotemporal dementia, 70 Lewy body disease, 898 Alzheimer's disease, 62 vascular brain injury and 36 primary psychiatric disorder from the publicly accessible National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset to assess the performance of VentRa. Using ventricular features to discriminate behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia subjects from primary psychiatric disorders, VentRa achieved an accuracy rate of 84%, a sensitivity rate of 71% and a specificity rate of 89%. VentRa was able to identify behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from a mixed age-matched cohort (i.e. other frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body disease, Alzheimer's disease, vascular brain injury and primary psychiatric disorders) and to correctly classify other disorders as 'not compatible with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia' with a specificity rate of 83%. The specificity rates against each of the other individual cohorts were 80% for other frontotemporal dementia, 83% for Lewy body disease, 83% for Alzheimer's disease, 84% for vascular brain injury and 89% for primary psychiatric disorders. VentRa is a robust and generalizable tool with potential usefulness for improving the diagnostic certainty of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, particularly for the differential diagnosis with primary psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Manera
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mahsa Dadar
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Simon Ducharme
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Chinchilla D, Nieves C, Gutiérrez R, Sordoillet V, Veyrier FJ, Picardeau M. Phylogenomics of Leptospira santarosai, a prevalent pathogenic species in the Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011733. [PMID: 37917733 PMCID: PMC10645364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a complex zoonotic disease mostly caused by a group of eight pathogenic species (L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, L. mayottensis, L. noguchii, L. santarosai, L. weilii, L. alexanderi), with a wide spectrum of animal reservoirs and patient outcomes. Leptospira interrogans is considered as the leading causative agent of leptospirosis worldwide and it is the most studied species. However, the genomic features and phylogeography of other Leptospira pathogenic species remain to be determined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we investigated the genome diversity of the main pathogenic Leptospira species based on a collection of 914 genomes from strains isolated around the world. Genome analyses revealed species-specific genome size and GC content, and an open pangenome in the pathogenic species, except for L. mayottensis. Taking advantage of a new set of genomes of L. santarosai strains isolated from patients in Costa Rica, we took a closer look at this species. L. santarosai strains are largely distributed in America, including the Caribbean islands, with over 96% of the available genomes originating from this continent. Phylogenetic analysis showed high genetic diversity within L. santarosai, and the clonal groups identified by cgMLST were strongly associated with geographical areas. Serotype identification based on serogrouping and/or analysis of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene loci further confirmed the great diversity of strains within the species. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, we report a comprehensive genome analysis of pathogenic Leptospira species with a focus on L. santarosai. Our study sheds new light onto the genomic diversity, evolutionary history, and epidemiology of leptospirosis in America and globally. Our findings also expand our knowledge of the genes driving O-antigen diversity. In addition, our work provides a framework for understanding the virulence and spread of L. santarosai and for improving its surveillance in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chinchilla
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), La Unión, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Cecilia Nieves
- Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), La Unión, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Vallier Sordoillet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric J. Veyrier
- Bacterial Symbionts Evolution, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biology of Spirochetes Unit, Paris, France
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5
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Llibre-Guerra JJ, Iaccarino L, Coble D, Edwards L, Li Y, McDade E, Strom A, Gordon B, Mundada N, Schindler SE, Tsoy E, Ma Y, Lu R, Fagan AM, Benzinger TLS, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Aschenbrenner AJ, Miller Z, Wang G, Kramer JH, Hassenstab J, Rosen HJ, Morris JC, Miller BL, Xiong C, Perrin RJ, Allegri R, Chrem P, Surace E, Berman SB, Chhatwal J, Masters CL, Farlow MR, Jucker M, Levin J, Fox NC, Day G, Gorno-Tempini ML, Boxer AL, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Bateman R. Longitudinal clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad280. [PMID: 37942088 PMCID: PMC10629466 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease cases have an early age at onset (<65 years), with 5-10% of these cases attributed to dominantly inherited mutations and the remainder considered as sporadic. The extent to which dominantly inherited and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease overlap is unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, focusing on commonalities and distinctions between dominantly inherited and sporadic cases. Our analysis included 117 participants with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network and 118 individuals with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease enrolled at the University of California San Francisco Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Baseline differences in clinical and biomarker profiles between both groups were compared using t-tests. Differences in the rates of decline were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Individuals with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease exhibited an earlier age-at-symptom onset compared with the sporadic group [43.4 (SD ± 8.5) years versus 54.8 (SD ± 5.0) years, respectively, P < 0.001]. Sporadic cases showed a higher frequency of atypical clinical presentations relative to dominantly inherited (56.8% versus 8.5%, respectively) and a higher frequency of APOE-ε4 (50.0% versus 28.2%, P = 0.001). Compared with sporadic early onset, motor manifestations were higher in the dominantly inherited cohort [32.5% versus 16.9% at baseline (P = 0.006) and 46.1% versus 25.4% at last visit (P = 0.001)]. At baseline, the sporadic early-onset group performed worse on category fluency (P < 0.001), Trail Making Test Part B (P < 0.001) and digit span (P < 0.001). Longitudinally, both groups demonstrated similar rates of cognitive and functional decline in the early stages. After 10 years from symptom onset, dominantly inherited participants experienced a greater decline as measured by Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes [3.63 versus 1.82 points (P = 0.035)]. CSF amyloid beta-42 levels were comparable [244 (SD ± 39.3) pg/ml dominantly inherited versus 296 (SD ± 24.8) pg/ml sporadic early onset, P = 0.06]. CSF phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 levels were higher in the dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease cohort (87.3 versus 59.7 pg/ml, P = 0.005), but no significant differences were found for t-tau levels (P = 0.35). In summary, sporadic and inherited Alzheimer's disease differed in baseline profiles; sporadic early onset is best distinguished from dominantly inherited by later age at onset, high frequency of atypical clinical presentations and worse executive performance at baseline. Despite these differences, shared pathways in longitudinal clinical decline and CSF biomarkers suggest potential common therapeutic targets for both populations, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dean Coble
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Lauren Edwards
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nidhi Mundada
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yinjiao Ma
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ruijin Lu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Malinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Chrem
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Surace
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Neuroscience Center, Indiana University School of Medicine at Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80539, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich 81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gregory Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 33224, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Randall Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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6
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Yu Chen H, Dina C, Small AM, Shaffer CM, Levinson RT, Helgadóttir A, Capoulade R, Munter HM, Martinsson A, Cairns BJ, Trudsø LC, Hoekstra M, Burr HA, Marsh TW, Damrauer SM, Dufresne L, Le Scouarnec S, Messika-Zeitoun D, Ranatunga DK, Whitmer RA, Bonnefond A, Sveinbjornsson G, Daníelsen R, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Hólm H, Ghouse J, Olesen MS, Christensen AH, Mikkelsen S, Jacobsen RL, Dowsett J, Pedersen OBV, Erikstrup C, Ostrowski SR, O’Donnell CJ, Budoff MJ, Gudnason V, Post WS, Rotter JI, Lathrop M, Bundgaard H, Johansson B, Ljungberg J, Näslund U, Le Tourneau T, Smith JG, Wells QS, Söderberg S, Stefánsson K, Schott JJ, Rader DJ, Clarke R, Engert JC, Thanassoulis G. Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1927-1939. [PMID: 37038246 PMCID: PMC10232274 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS. METHODS AND RESULTS A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10-8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2-SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-1.35; P = 2.7 × 10-51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.37; P = 1.4 × 10-3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90-5.12; P = 2.1 × 10-20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.23; P = 4.8 × 10-73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.9; P = 1.9 × 10-12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS. CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu Chen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christian Dina
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Aeron M Small
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Christian M Shaffer
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Rebecca T Levinson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Romain Capoulade
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Andreas Martinsson
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin J Cairns
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linea C Trudsø
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Hoekstra
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hannah A Burr
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Thomas W Marsh
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Line Dufresne
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dilrini K Ranatunga
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, USA
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1283-8199 EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ragnar Daníelsen
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Internal Medicine and Emergency Services, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daníel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Hólm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex H Christensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher J O’Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Ljungberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Näslund
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 8 Quai Moncousu, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James C Engert
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room EM1.2218, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Room D05.5120, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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7
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Wredenhagen MS, Goldstein A, Mathieu H, Miranda V, Morali B, Santerre J, Maftei C, Delrue MA, Schmittbuhl M, Vu DD, Moldovan F, Campeau PM. The Quebec Dental Anomalies Registry: Identifying genes for rare disorders. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad196. [PMID: 37361548 PMCID: PMC10290489 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
There are more than 900 genetic syndromes associated with oral manifestations. These syndromes can have serious health implications, and left undiagnosed, can hamper treatment and prognosis later in life. About 6.67% of the population will develop a rare disease during their lifetime, some of which are difficult to diagnose. The establishment of a data and tissue bank of rare diseases with oral manifestations in Quebec will help medical professionals identify the genes involved, will improve knowledge on the rare genetic diseases, and will also lead to improved patient management. It will also allow samples and information sharing with other clinicians and investigators. As an example of a condition requiring additional research, dental ankylosis is a condition in which the tooth's cementum fuses to the surrounding alveolar bone. This can be secondary to traumatic injury but is often idiopathic, and the genes involved in the idiopathic cases, if any, are poorly known. To date, patients with both identified and unidentified genetic etiology for their dental anomalies were recruited through dental and genetics clinics for the study. They underwent sequencing of selected genes or exome sequencing depending on the manifestation. We recruited 37 patients and we identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in WNT10A, EDAR, AMBN, PLOD1, TSPEAR, PRKAR1A, FAM83H, PRKACB, DLX3, DSPP, BMP2, TGDS. Our project led to the establishment of the Quebec Dental Anomalies Registry, which will help researchers, medical and dental practitioners alike understand the genetics of dental anomalies and facilitate research collaborations into improved standards of care for patients with rare dental anomalies and any accompanying genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Wredenhagen
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5 and University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Andee Goldstein
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5 and Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Hélène Mathieu
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5 and Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Valancy Miranda
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Burcin Morali
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Jacinthe Santerre
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Catalina Maftei
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Genetic Service, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Marie-Ange Delrue
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T1C5
| | - Matthieu Schmittbuhl
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Université of Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Duy Dat Vu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université of Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
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8
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Jobin B, Roy-Côté F, Frasnelli J, Boller B. Olfaction and declarative memory in aging: a meta-analysis. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad045. [PMID: 37878784 PMCID: PMC10629936 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (i) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (ii) the effect of age on these relationships. We included articles from PsychNet, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete according to the following criteria: (i) inclusion of cognitively normal older adults; (ii) assessment of episodic or semantic memory; and (iii) assessment of olfactory identification or detection threshold. Seventeen studies and 22 effect sizes were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Olfactory identification was associated with episodic (small effect size: r = 0.19; k = 22) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.16; k = 23). Similarly, the olfactory detection threshold was associated with both episodic (small to medium effect size: r = 0.25; k = 5) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.17; k = 7). Age was found to moderate the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and memory performance. Both olfactory identification and detection threshold performances are associated with declarative memory in older adults, and age only moderates the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Roy-Côté
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Kucharski TJ, Hards R, Vandal SE, Abad MA, Jeyaprakash AA, Kaye E, al-Rawi A, Ly T, Godek KM, Gerber SA, Compton DA. Small changes in phospho-occupancy at the kinetochore-microtubule interface drive mitotic fidelity. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213364. [PMID: 35878017 PMCID: PMC9351707 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetochore protein phosphorylation promotes the correction of erroneous microtubule attachments to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Determining how phosphorylation executes error correction requires an understanding of whether kinetochore substrates are completely (i.e., all-or-none) or only fractionally phosphorylated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we measured phospho-occupancy on the conserved kinetochore protein Hec1 (NDC80) that directly binds microtubules. None of the positions measured exceeded ∼50% phospho-occupancy, and the cumulative phospho-occupancy changed by only ∼20% in response to changes in microtubule attachment status. The narrow dynamic range of phospho-occupancy is maintained, in part, by the ongoing phosphatase activity. Further, both Cdk1-Cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases phosphorylate Hec1 to enhance error correction in response to different types of microtubule attachment errors. The low inherent phospho-occupancy promotes microtubule attachment to kinetochores while the high sensitivity of kinetochore-microtubule attachments to small changes in phospho-occupancy drives error correction and ensures high mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kucharski
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Rufus Hards
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Sarah E. Vandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre For Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Edward Kaye
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aymen al-Rawi
- Wellcome Centre For Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kristina M. Godek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Duane A. Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Correspondence to Duane A. Compton:
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10
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Diefenbach-Elstob TR, Alabdulkarim B, Deb-Rinker P, Pernica JM, Schwarzer G, Menzies D, Shrier I, Schwartzman K, Greenaway C. Risk of latent and active tuberculosis infection in travellers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Travel Med 2021; 28:taaa214. [PMID: 33225357 PMCID: PMC7788564 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving tuberculosis (TB) elimination in low TB incidence countries requires identification and treatment of individuals at risk for latent TB infection (LTBI). Persons travelling to high TB incidence countries are potentially at risk for TB exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates incident LTBI and active TB among individuals travelling from low to higher TB incidence countries. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 February 2020. We identified incident LTBI and active TB among individuals travelling from low (<10 cases/100 000 population) to intermediate (10-100/100 000) or high (>100/100 000) TB incidence countries. We conducted a meta-analysis and meta-regression using a random effects model of log-transformed proportions (cumulative incidence). Subgroup analyses investigated the impact of travel duration, travel purpose and TB incidence in the destination country. RESULTS Our search identified 799 studies, 120 underwent full-text review, and 10 studies were included. These studies included 1 154 673 travellers observed between 1994 and 2013, comprising 443 health care workers (HCW), 1 068 636 military personnel and 85 594 general travellers/volunteers. We did not identify any studies that estimated incidence of LTBI or active TB among people travelling to visit friends and relatives (VFRs). The overall cumulative incidence of LTBI was 2.3%, with considerable heterogeneity. Among individuals travelling for a mean/median of up to 6 months, HCWs had the highest cumulative incidence of LTBI (4.3%), whereas the risk was lower for military (2.5%) and general travellers/volunteers (1.6%). Meta-regression did not identify a difference in incident LTBI based on travel duration and TB incidence in the destination country. Five studies reported cases of active TB, with an overall pooled estimate of 120.7 cases per 100 000 travellers. CONCLUSIONS We found that travelling HCWs were at highest risk of developing LTBI. Individual risk activities and travel purpose were most associated with risk of TB infection acquired during travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Diefenbach-Elstob
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Suite D05-2212, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Balqis Alabdulkarim
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Rm D05.5840, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paromita Deb-Rinker
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Road, A.L. 6501H, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Pernica
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straβe 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dick Menzies
- McGill International TB Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3.3212, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Montreal Chest Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Road, 3rd floor, Montreal, Quebec H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kevin Schwartzman
- McGill International TB Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Room EM3.3212, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Montreal Chest Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Christina Greenaway
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Suite D05-2212, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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11
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Schang G, Ongaro L, Schultz H, Wang Y, Zhou X, Brûlé E, Boehm U, Lee SJ, Bernard DJ. Murine FSH Production Depends on the Activin Type II Receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5818077. [PMID: 32270195 PMCID: PMC7286621 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activins are selective regulators of FSH production by pituitary gonadotrope cells. In a gonadotrope-like cell line, LβT2, activins stimulate FSH via the activin type IIA receptor (ACVR2A) and/or bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2). Consistent with these observations, FSH is greatly reduced, though still present, in global Acvr2a knockout mice. In contrast, FSH production is unaltered in gonadotrope-specific Bmpr2 knockout mice. In light of these results, we questioned whether an additional type II receptor might mediate the actions of activins or related TGF-β ligands in gonadotropes. We focused on the activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B), even though it does not mediate activin actions in LβT2 cells. Using a Cre-lox strategy, we ablated Acvr2a and/or Acvr2b in murine gonadotropes. The resulting conditional knockout (cKO) animals were compared with littermate controls. Acvr2a cKO (cKO-A) females were subfertile (~70% reduced litter size), cKO-A males were hypogonadal, and both sexes showed marked decreases in serum FSH levels compared with controls. Acvr2b cKO (cKO-B) females were subfertile (~20% reduced litter size), cKO-B males had a moderate decrease in testicular weight, but only males showed a significant decrease in serum FSH levels relative to controls. Simultaneous deletion of both Acvr2a and Acvr2b in gonadotropes led to profound hypogonadism and FSH deficiency in both sexes; females were acyclic and sterile. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ACVR2A and ACVR2B are the critical type II receptors through which activins or related TGF-β ligands induce FSH production in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Schang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hailey Schultz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emilie Brûlé
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence: Daniel J. Bernard, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler room 1320, Montreal H3G 1Y6, QC, Canada. E-mail:
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Bibollet-Bahena O, Okafuji T, Hokamp K, Tear G, Mitchell KJ. A dual-strategy expression screen for candidate connectivity labels in the developing thalamus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177977. [PMID: 28558017 PMCID: PMC5448750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus or “inner chamber” of the brain is divided into ~30 discrete nuclei, with highly specific patterns of afferent and efferent connectivity. To identify genes that may direct these patterns of connectivity, we used two strategies. First, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to survey the predicted proteomes of nematode, fruitfly, mouse and human for extracellular proteins containing any of a list of motifs found in known guidance or connectivity molecules. Second, we performed clustering analyses on the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas data to identify genes encoding surface proteins expressed with temporal profiles similar to known guidance or connectivity molecules. In both cases, we then screened the resultant genes for selective expression patterns in the developing thalamus. These approaches identified 82 candidate connectivity labels in the developing thalamus. These molecules include many members of the Ephrin, Eph-receptor, cadherin, protocadherin, semaphorin, plexin, Odz/teneurin, Neto, cerebellin, calsyntenin and Netrin-G families, as well as diverse members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) and leucine-rich receptor (LRR) superfamilies, receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, a variety of growth factors and receptors, and a large number of miscellaneous membrane-associated or secreted proteins not previously implicated in axonal guidance or neuronal connectivity. The diversity of their expression patterns indicates that thalamic nuclei are highly differentiated from each other, with each one displaying a unique repertoire of these molecules, consistent with a combinatorial logic to the specification of thalamic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuya Okafuji
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guy Tear
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Fortin Y, Crispo JAG, Cohen D, McNair DS, Mattison DR, Krewski D. External validation and comparison of two variants of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures for all-cause mortality. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174379. [PMID: 28350807 PMCID: PMC5369776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing prevalent comorbidities is a common approach in health research for identifying clinical differences between individuals. The objective of this study was to validate and compare the predictive performance of two variants of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures (ECM) for inhospital mortality at index and at 1-year in the Cerner Health Facts® (HF) U.S. database. We estimated the prevalence of select comorbidities for individuals 18 to 89 years of age who received care at Cerner contributing health facilities between 2002 and 2011 using the AHRQ (version 3.7) and the Quan Enhanced ICD-9-CM ECMs. External validation of the ECMs was assessed with measures of discrimination [c-statistics], calibration [Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, Brier Score, calibration curves], added predictive ability [Net Reclassification Improvement], and overall model performance [R2]. Of 3,273,298 patients with a mean age of 43.9 years and a female composition of 53.8%, 1.0% died during their index encounter and 1.5% were deceased at 1-year. Calibration measures were equivalent between the two ECMs. Calibration performance was acceptable when predicting inhospital mortality at index, although recalibration is recommended for predicting inhospital mortality at 1 year. Discrimination was marginally better with the Quan ECM compared the AHRQ ECM when predicting inhospital mortality at index (cQuan = 0.887, 95% CI: 0.885–0.889 vs. cAHRQ = 0.880, 95% CI: 0.878–0.882; p < .0001) and at 1-year (cQuan = 0.884, 95% CI: 0.883–0.886 vs. cAHRQ = 0.880, 95% CI: 0.878–0.881, p < .0001). Both the Quan and the AHRQ ECMs demonstrated excellent discrimination for inhospital mortality of all-causes in Cerner Health Facts®, a HIPAA compliant observational research and privacy-protected data warehouse. While differences in discrimination performance between the ECMs were statistically significant, they are not likely clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fortin
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - James A. G. Crispo
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Fulbright Canada Student, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deborah Cohen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI), Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Donald R. Mattison
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Lamontagne F, Cook DJ, Meade MO, Seely A, Day AG, Charbonney E, Serri K, Skrobik Y, Hebert P, St-Arnaud C, Quiroz-Martinez H, Mayette M, Heyland DK. Vasopressor Use for Severe Hypotension-A Multicentre Prospective Observational Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167840. [PMID: 28107357 PMCID: PMC5249049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal approach to titrate vasopressor therapy is unclear. Recent sepsis guidelines recommend a mean arterial pressure (MAP) target of 65 mmHg and higher for chronic hypertensive patients. As data emerge from clinical trials comparing blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy, an accurate description of usual care is required to interpret study results. Our aim was to measure MAP values during vasopressor therapy in Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) and to compare these with stated practices and guidelines. METHOD In a multicenter prospective cohort study of critically ill adults with severe hypotension, we recorded MAP and vasopressor doses hourly. We investigated variability across patients and centres using multivariable regression models and Analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. RESULTS We included data from 56 patients treated in 6 centers. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score were 64 (14) and 25 (8). Half (28 of 56) of the patients were at least 65 years old, and half had chronic hypertension. The patient-averaged MAP while receiving vasopressors was 75 mm Hg (6) and the median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile) duration of vasopressor therapy was 43 hours (23, 84). MAP achieved was not associated with history of underlying hypertension (p = 0.46) but did vary by center (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter, prospective observational study, the patient-level average MAP while receiving vasopressors for severe hypotension was 75 mmHg, approximately 10 mmHg above current recommendations and stated practices. Moreover, our results do not support the notion that clinicians tailor vasopressor therapy to individual patient characteristics such as underlying chronic hypertension but MAP achieved while receiving vasopressors varied by site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Lamontagne
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Deborah J. Cook
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen O. Meade
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Seely
- Thoracic Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Day
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Charbonney
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire régional de Trois-Rivières
| | - Karim Serri
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Paul Hebert
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles St-Arnaud
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michaël Mayette
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daren K. Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Lefrançois P, Rockmill B, Xie P, Roeder GS, Snyder M. Multiple Pairwise Analysis of Non-homologous Centromere Coupling Reveals Preferential Chromosome Size-Dependent Interactions and a Role for Bouquet Formation in Establishing the Interaction Pattern. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006347. [PMID: 27768699 PMCID: PMC5074576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, chromosomes undergo a homology search in order to locate their homolog to form stable pairs and exchange genetic material. Early in prophase, chromosomes associate in mostly non-homologous pairs, tethered only at their centromeres. This phenomenon, conserved through higher eukaryotes, is termed centromere coupling in budding yeast. Both initiation of recombination and the presence of homologs are dispensable for centromere coupling (occurring in spo11 mutants and haploids induced to undergo meiosis) but the presence of the synaptonemal complex (SC) protein Zip1 is required. The nature and mechanism of coupling have yet to be elucidated. Here we present the first pairwise analysis of centromere coupling in an effort to uncover underlying rules that may exist within these non-homologous interactions. We designed a novel chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based assay to detect all possible interactions between non-homologous yeast centromeres during early meiosis. Using this variant of 3C-qPCR, we found a size-dependent interaction pattern, in which chromosomes assort preferentially with chromosomes of similar sizes, in haploid and diploid spo11 cells, but not in a coupling-defective mutant (spo11 zip1 haploid and diploid yeast). This pattern is also observed in wild-type diploids early in meiosis but disappears as meiosis progresses and homologous chromosomes pair. We found no evidence to support the notion that ancestral centromere homology plays a role in pattern establishment in S. cerevisiae post-genome duplication. Moreover, we found a role for the meiotic bouquet in establishing the size dependence of centromere coupling, as abolishing bouquet (using the bouquet-defective spo11 ndj1 mutant) reduces it. Coupling in spo11 ndj1 rather follows telomere clustering preferences. We propose that a chromosome size preference for centromere coupling helps establish efficient homolog recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lefrançois
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
- Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal, Montreal, CANADA
- * E-mail: (PL); (MS)
| | - Beth Rockmill
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Pingxing Xie
- Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal, CANADA
| | - G. Shirleen Roeder
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven, United States of America
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PL); (MS)
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16
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Guensch DP, Yu J, Nadeshalingam G, Fischer K, Shearer J, Friedrich MG. Evidence for Acute Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Injury after Serial Transthoracic Shocks in Healthy Swine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162245. [PMID: 27611090 PMCID: PMC5017707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous serological studies have shown controversial results whether defibrillation or cardioversion can cause myocardial injury. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) can be used to detect myocardial edema, hyperemia and capillary leak as features of acute myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to assess for myocardial and skeletal muscle injury in swine following transthoracic shocks. Methods Seventeen anaesthetized swine were examined, with 11 undergoing five synchronized transthoracic shocks (200J). Myocardial and skeletal muscle injury were assessed at baseline and up to 5h post-shock employing T1 mapping, T2 mapping, early and late gadolinium enhancement. Serologic markers (cFABP, TnI, CK, and CK-MB) and myocardial tissue were assessed by standard histology methods. Results In myocardial regions within the shock path, T1 and T2 were significantly increased compared to remote myocardium in the same animals. The early gadolinium enhancement ratio between the left-ventricular myocardium and the right pectoral muscle was also increased compared to control animals. After the shocks cFABP and CK were significantly elevated. After shock application, the regions identified as abnormal by CMR showed significantly increased interstitial and myocardial cell areas in histological analysis. This increased cell area suggests significant cellular and interstitial edema. Conclusion Our pilot study data indicate that serial defibrillator shocks lead to acute skeletal muscle and myocardial injury. CMR is a useful tool to detect and localize myocardial and skeletal muscle injury early after transthoracic shocks in vivo. In the future the technique could potentially be used as an additional tool for quality control such as verifying insufficient local shock application in non-responders after cardioversion or to develop safer shock forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik P. Guensch
- Philippa & Marvin Carsley CMR Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University Hospital Bern, Department Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital Bern, Institute for Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Janelle Yu
- Philippa & Marvin Carsley CMR Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gobinath Nadeshalingam
- Philippa & Marvin Carsley CMR Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kady Fischer
- Philippa & Marvin Carsley CMR Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- University Hospital Bern, Department Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane Shearer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias G. Friedrich
- Philippa & Marvin Carsley CMR Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Garneau AP, Marcoux AA, Noël M, Frenette-Cotton R, Drolet MC, Couet J, Larivière R, Isenring P. Ablation of Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter Type 3 (Kcc3) in Mouse Causes Multiple Cardiovascular Defects and Isosmotic Polyuria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154398. [PMID: 27166674 PMCID: PMC4864296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of Kcc3 in a mixed 129/Sv×C57BL/6 mouse background has been previously found to increase systemic blood pressure (BP) through presumed neurogenic mechanisms. Yet, while this background is generally not considered ideal to investigate the cardiovascular system, KCC3 is also expressed in the arterial wall and proximal nephron. In the current study, the effects of Kcc3 ablation was investigated in a pure rather than mixed C57BL/6J background under regular- and high-salt diets to determine whether they could be mediated through vasculogenic and nephrogenic mechanisms. Aortas were also assessed for reactivity to pharmacological agents while isolated from the influence of sympathetic ganglia. This approach led to the identification of unforeseen abnormalities such as lower pulse pressure, heart rate, aortic reactivity and aortic wall thickness, but higher diastolic BP, left ventricular mass and urinary output in the absence of increased catecholamine levels. Salt loading also led systolic BP to be higher, but to no further changes in hemodynamic parameters. Importantly, aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes were both found to express KCC3 abundantly in heterozygous mice. Hence, Kcc3 inactivation in our model caused systemic vascular resistance and ventricular mass to increase while preventing extracellular fluid volume to accumulate. Given that it also affected the physiological properties of aortas in vitro, vasculogenic mechanisms could therefore account for a number of the hemodynamic abnormalities observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Garneau
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Marcoux
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Micheline Noël
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Rachelle Frenette-Cotton
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Drolet
- Valvulopathy Research Group, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Jacques Couet
- Valvulopathy Research Group, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Richard Larivière
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Research Group, Centre de recherche L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- * E-mail:
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