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Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124021. [PMID: 36921815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides are effective immunostimulating agents by activating several intracellular signaling pathways. A sulfated (1 → 3)/(1 → 4)-linked galactofucan TCP-3 with promising immunomodulatory effects was purified from a marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. The immune-enhancing potential of TCP-3 (100-400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed animals by increasing bone marrow cellularity (10-13 cells/femur/mL x 106), α-esterase activity (1200-1700 number of positive cells/4000 BMC), interferon-γ (1.31-1.49 pg/mL), interleukin-2 (3.49-3.99 pg/mL) secretion, and WBC count (> 3000 cells/cu mm). The proliferation of lymphocytes for in vitro and in vivo conditions was enhanced by administering TCP-3 besides regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6/1β/12, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β), and an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. A promising reduction of viral copy formation was observed by administering TCP-3 (< 2 × 107 number) on SARS CoV-2 (delta variant) induced Vero cells in comparison with the infected group (> 5 × 107 number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
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2
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Asanprakit W, Lobo DN, Eremin O, Bennett AJ. M1 macrophages evoke an increase in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) expression in MDA-MB468 breast cancer cells through secretion of interleukin-1β. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16842. [PMID: 36207349 PMCID: PMC9546936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) in breast cancer is associated with increased 5-year survival rate. However, the factors influencing PIGR expression in breast cancer have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of macrophages and cytokines affecting expression of PIGR in two breast cancer cell lines. M1, M2 macrophage conditioned media (CM) and recombinant human cytokines were used to determine factors which increased PIGR expression in MCF7 (HTB-22) and MDA-MB468 (HTB-132) breast cancer cell lines. The level of PIGR expression in the cells and PIGR secretory component were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. M1 macrophage CM induced a dose-dependent increase in PIGR mRNA expression in MDA-MB468 cells, up to 20-fold. The level of PIGR expression in MCF7 cells was very low and not affected by M1 and M2 CM. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-1β also increased PIGR expression in MDA-MB468 and MCF7 cells. However, IL-1β was demonstrated to increase in M1 macrophages, while IFN-γ was not. The role of IL-1β secreted from M1 macrophages in increasing expression of PIGR was confirmed by IL-1 receptor blockade, indicating that IL-1β was the major M1 macrophage-derived cytokine that enhanced PIGR expression. Elevated PIGR expression in breast cancer in vivo may reflect the polarization state of tumor-associated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichitra Asanprakit
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oleg Eremin
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew J Bennett
- FRAME Alternatives Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Wang C, Shi Y, Wang X, Ma H, Liu Q, Gao Y, Niu J. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Regulate Hepatic Immunity and Assist in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940688. [PMID: 35880178 PMCID: PMC9307989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrates, which are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, have received increasing attention in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Reduced alkaline phosphatase levels and improved clinical outcomes were observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with an inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy4 when treated with bezafibrate or fenofibrate combined with UDCA. In contrast to obeticholic acid, which exacerbates pruritus in patients, fibrates have been shown to relieve pruritus. Clinical trial outcomes show potential for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. It is currently agreed that primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is a nuclear receptor that regulates the functions of multiple immune cells, thus playing an important role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune disorder of primary biliary cholangitis and summarizes the regulation of hepatic immunity when peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are targeted for treating primary biliary cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heming Ma
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Center of Infectious Disease and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhang Gao, ; Junqi Niu,
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Lee ACH, Edobor A, Wigakumar T, Lysandrou M, Johnston LK, McMullen P, Mirle V, Diaz A, Piech R, Rose R, Jendrisak M, di Sabato D, Shanmugarajah K, Fung J, Donington J, Madariaga ML. Donor leukocyte trafficking during human ex vivo lung perfusion. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14670. [PMID: 35396887 PMCID: PMC9540615 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is used to assess and preserve lungs prior to transplantation. However, its inherent immunomodulatory effects are not completely understood. We examine perfusate and tissue compartments to determine the change in immune cell composition in human lungs maintained on EVLP. Methods Six human lungs unsuitable for transplantation underwent EVLP. Tissue and perfusate samples were obtained during cold storage and at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐h during perfusion. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and bead‐based immunoassays were used to measure leukocyte composition and cytokines. Mean values between baseline and time points were compared by Student's t test. Results During the 1st hour of perfusion, perfusate neutrophils increased (+22.2 ± 13.5%, p < 0.05), monocytes decreased (−77.5 ± 8.6%, p < 0.01) and NK cells decreased (−61.5 ± 22.6%, p < 0.01) compared to cold storage. In contrast, tissue neutrophils decreased (−22.1 ± 12.2%, p < 0.05) with no change in monocytes and NK cells. By 6 h, perfusate neutrophils, NK cells, and tissue neutrophils were similar to baseline. Perfusate monocytes remained decreased, while tissue monocytes remained unchanged. There was no significant change in B cells or T cell subsets. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1b, G‐CSF, IFN‐gamma, CXCL2, CXCL1 granzyme A, and granzyme B) and lymphocyte activating cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8) increased during perfusion. Conclusions Early mobilization of innate immune cells occurs in both perfusate and tissue compartments during EVLP, with neutrophils and NK cells returning to baseline and monocytes remaining depleted after 6 h. The immunomodulatory effect of EVLP may provide a therapeutic window to decrease the immunogenicity of lungs prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Edobor
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Maria Lysandrou
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura K Johnston
- Office of Shared Research Facilities, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phillip McMullen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vikranth Mirle
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley Diaz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Piech
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Diego di Sabato
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Donington
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Role of PPARs in Progression of Anxiety: Literature Analysis and Signaling Pathways Reconstruction. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8859017. [PMID: 33312191 PMCID: PMC7721491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) group includes three isoforms encoded by PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD genes. High concentrations of PPARs are found in parts of the brain linked to anxiety development, including hippocampus and amygdala. Among three PPAR isoforms, PPARG demonstrates the highest expression in CNS, where it can be found in neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells. Herein, the highest PPARG expression occurs in amygdala. However, little is known considering possible connections between PPARs and anxiety behavior. We reviewed possible connections between PPARs and anxiety. We used the Pathway Studio software (Elsevier). Signal pathways were created according to previously developed algorithms. SNEA was performed in Pathway Studio. Current study revealed 14 PPAR-regulated proteins linked to anxiety. Possible mechanism of PPAR involvement in neuroinflammation protection is proposed. Signal pathway reconstruction and reviewing aimed to reveal possible connection between PPARG and CCK-ergic system was conducted. Said analysis revealed that PPARG-dependent regulation of MME and ACE peptidase expression may affect levels of nonhydrolysed, i.e., active CCK-4. Impairments in PPARG regulation and following MME and ACE peptidase expression impairments in amygdala may be the possible mechanism leading to pathological anxiety development, with brain CCK-4 accumulation being a key link. Literature data analysis and signal pathway reconstruction and reviewing revealed two possible mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors involvement in pathological anxiety: (1) cytokine expression and neuroinflammation mechanism and (2) regulation of peptidases targeted to anxiety-associated neuropeptides, primarily CCK-4, mechanism.
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Fu S, He K, Tian C, Sun H, Zhu C, Bai S, Liu J, Wu Q, Xie D, Yue T, Shen Z, Dai Q, Yu X, Zhu S, Liu G, Zhou R, Duan S, Tian Z, Xu T, Wang H, Bai L. Impaired lipid biosynthesis hinders anti-tumor efficacy of intratumoral iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 31974378 PMCID: PMC6978340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in tumor microenvironment hinders their anti-tumor efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that iNKT cells increase lipid biosynthesis after activation, and that is promoted by PPARγ and PLZF synergically through enhancing transcription of Srebf1. Among those lipids, cholesterol is required for the optimal IFN-γ production from iNKT cells. Lactic acid in tumor microenvironment reduces expression of PPARγ in intratumoral iNKT cells and consequently diminishes their cholesterol synthesis and IFN-γ production. Importantly, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione drug for type 2 diabetes, successfully restores IFN-γ production in tumor-infiltrating iNKT cells from both human patients and mouse models. Combination of pioglitazone and alpha-galactosylceramide treatments significantly enhances iNKT cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our studies provide a strategy to augment the anti-tumor efficacy of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies via promoting their lipid biosynthesis. Lipid metabolism has been linked to iNKT function largely as it impacts processing and presentation of lipids they recognize. Here the authors show that iNKT-intrinsic lipid biosynthesis is important for their function but is impaired in tumors, and its restoration with PPARγ agonist drugs promotes anti-tumor iNKT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Fu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chenxi Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chenwen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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Hajari Taheri F, Hassani M, Sharifzadeh Z, Behdani M, Arashkia A, Abolhassani M. T cell engineered with a novel nanobody‐based chimeric antigen receptor against VEGFR2 as a candidate for tumor immunotherapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1259-1267. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Hassani
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Department of Molecular MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Behdani
- Department of Molecular MedicinePasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of a Molecular VirologyPasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- Department of ImmunologyHybridoma Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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Abstract
Interferon gamma, referred to here as IFN-γ, is a major component in immunological cell signaling and is a critical regulatory protein for overall immune system function. First discovered in 1965 (Wheelock Science 149: (3681)310-311, 1965), IFN-γ is the only Type II interferon identified. Its expression is both positively and negatively controlled by different factors. In this chapter, we will review the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of IFN-γ expression. In the transcriptional control part, the regular activators and suppressors are summarized, we will also focus on the epigenetic control, such as chromosome access, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation. The more we learn about the control of this regulatory protein will allow us to apply this knowledge in the future to effectively manipulate IFN-γ expression for the treatment of infections, cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhu W, Ji M, Xu J, Guo Y, Gao F, Gu W, Yang X, Zhang C. Oroxylin A inhibits Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) vIL-6-mediated lymphatic reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells through modulating PPARγ/Prox1 axis. J Med Virol 2018; 91:463-472. [PMID: 30318784 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) vIL-6 is sufficient to induce lymphatic reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells, which is a key event in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) development. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Chinese herb oroxylin A on lymphatic reprogramming and neovascularization by KSHV vIL-6 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The lymphatic-phenotype endothelial cell line was generated by lentiviral KSHV vIL-6 infection. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay or flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Migration, invasion, and neovascularization of the vIL-6-expressing lymphatic-phenotype endothelial cells were determined by wound healing assay, transwell chamber assay, microtubule formation assay, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, respectively. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to test the expression of Prox1, VEGFR3, podoplanin, LYVE-1, and PPARγ in cells. Co-localization of Prox1 and PPARγ was determined by immunofluorescence. Ubiquitination of Prox1 was detected by in vivo ubiquitination assay. RESULTS The lymphatic-phenotype endothelial cell line expressing KSHV vIL-6 was successfully generated. Oroxylin A induced cellular invasion abrogation, apoptosis induction, and neovascularization inhibition of the vIL-6-expressing endothelial cells. Mechanically, oroxylin A elevated PPARγ expression, which in turn interacted with and facilitated Prox1 to undergo ubiquitinational degradation, and subsequently leads to VEGFR3, LYVE-1, and podoplanin reduction. CONCLUSION Through modulating PPARγ/Prox1 axis, oroxylin A inhibits lymphatic reprogramming and neovascularization of KSHV vIL-6. Thus, oroxylin A may serve as a candidate for the treatment of KS as well as other aggressive angiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingde Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanjian Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Flt3 Ligand Treatment Attenuates T Cell Dysfunction and Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Burn Wound Sepsis. Shock 2018; 47:40-51. [PMID: 27454384 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a leading cause of death among severely burned patients. Burn injury disrupts the protective skin barrier and causes immunological dysfunction. In our previous studies, we found that burn injury and wound infection causes a significant decline in lymphocyte populations, implying adaptive immune system dysfunction. In the present study, we examined the effect of treatment with Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 Ligand (Flt3L) on T cell phenotype and function in a model of burn wound sepsis. FLt3L is an essential cytokine required for hematopoietic progenitor cell development and expansion of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Flt3L has been shown to potentiate innate immune functions of dendritic cells and neutrophils during burn wound sepsis. However, the ability of Flt3L to improve T cell function during burn wound sepsis has not been previously evaluated. METHODS Mice underwent 35% total body surface area scald burn and were treated with Flt3L (10 μg) or vehicle daily via the intraperitoneal route starting 1 day after burn injury. On day 4 after burn injury, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to induce wound infection. Leukocytes in spleen and wound draining lymph nodes were characterized using flow cytometry. Bacterial clearance, organ injury, and survival were also assessed. RESULTS Flt3L treatment prevented the decline in splenic CD4 and CD8 T cells caused by burn injury and infection. Flt3L treatment also attenuated the decline in CD28 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells and IFNγ production by CD8 T cells in the spleen and wound draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, Flt3L decreased the levels of programmed death ligand 1 expression on splenic dendritic cells and macrophages. Flt3 treatment improved systemic bacterial clearance, decreased liver and kidney injury, and significantly improved survival in mice with burn wound sepsis. CONCLUSION Burn injury and associated sepsis causes significant loss of T cells and evidence of T cell dysfunction. Flt3L attenuates T cell dysfunction and improves host resistance to burn wound sepsis in mice.
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Zhang S, Yu N, Wang L, Liu Y, Kong Y, Liu J, Xie Y. Prox1 represses IL-2 gene expression by interacting with NFAT2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69422-69434. [PMID: 29050214 PMCID: PMC5642489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is critical for T lymphocyte activation and regulated by many transcriptional factors. Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) is a multifunctional transcription factor, which can work as either a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on the cellular and developmental environment. We previously reported the Prox1 expression in T cells, raising the possibility of Prox1 involvement in the regulation of T cell function and IL-2 production. Here we demonstrated that the Prox1 expression in CD4+ T cells was downregulated by T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Overexpression of Prox1 attenuated IL-2 production, while knockdown of endogenous Prox1 by small interfering RNA increased IL-2 expression. Mechanistically, we showed that Prox1 inhibited the IL-2 promoter activity, and associated with the minimal IL-2 promoter. Prox1 repressed the nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2)-dependent transactivation of IL-2 gene by physically binding to NFAT2. The N-terminal region of Prox1 was essential for the binding and repression. In summary, our findings established Prox1 as a negative regulator in IL-2 gene expression through the direct interaction with NFAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Witzke KE, Rosowski K, Müller C, Ahrens M, Eisenacher M, Megger DA, Knobloch J, Koch A, Bracht T, Sitek B. Quantitative Secretome Analysis of Activated Jurkat Cells Using Click Chemistry-Based Enrichment of Secreted Glycoproteins. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:137-146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin E. Witzke
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristin Rosowski
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- Medical
Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep and Respiratory Medicine,
Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Medical
Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep and Respiratory Medicine,
Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches
Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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13
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Agarwal S, Yadav A, Chaturvedi RK. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:1166-1177. [PMID: 27514452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and they serve to be a promising therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative disorders, which includes Parkinson disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PPARs play an important role in the downregulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, which are the major causes of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we discuss about the role of PPARs as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders. Several experimental approaches suggest potential application of PPAR agonist as well as antagonist in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Several epidemiological studies found that the regular usage of PPAR activating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is effective in decreasing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including PD and AD. We also reviewed the neuroprotective effects of PPAR agonists and associated mechanism of action in several neurodegenerative disorders both in vitro as well as in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Agarwal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India.
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14
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Patil NK, Bohannon JK, Sherwood ER. Immunotherapy: A promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:688-702. [PMID: 27468649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection (Third International Consensus definition for Sepsis and septic shock). Despite decades of research, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units. More than 40 clinical trials, most of which have targeted the sepsis-associated pro-inflammatory response, have failed. Thus, antibiotics and fluid resuscitation remain the mainstays of supportive care and there is intense need to discover and develop novel, targeted therapies to treat sepsis. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies over the past decade demonstrate unequivocally that sepsis not only causes hyper-inflammation, but also leads to simultaneous adaptive immune system dysfunction and impaired antimicrobial immunity. Evidences for immunosuppression include immune cell depletion (T cells most affected), compromised T cell effector functions, T cell exhaustion, impaired antigen presentation, increased susceptibility to opportunistic nosocomial infections, dysregulated cytokine secretion, and reactivation of latent viruses. Therefore, targeting immunosuppression provides a logical approach to treat protracted sepsis. Numerous pre-clinical studies using immunomodulatory agents such as interleukin-7, anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand antibody (anti-PD-L1), and others have demonstrated reversal of T cell dysfunction and improved survival. Therefore, identifying immunosuppressed patients with the help of specific biomarkers and administering specific immunomodulators holds significant potential for sepsis therapy in the future. This review focusses on T cell dysfunction during sepsis and discusses the potential immunotherapeutic agents to boost T cell function during sepsis and improve host resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Limou S, Zagury JF. Immunogenetics: Genome-Wide Association of Non-Progressive HIV and Viral Load Control: HLA Genes and Beyond. Front Immunol 2013; 4:118. [PMID: 23750159 PMCID: PMC3664380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Very early after the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), host genetics factors were anticipated to play a role in viral control and disease progression. As early as the mid-1990s, candidate gene studies demonstrated a central role for the chemokine co-receptor/ligand (e.g., CCR5) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) systems. In the last decade, the advent of genome-wide arrays opened a new era for unbiased genetic exploration of the genome and brought big expectations for the identification of new unexpected genes and pathways involved in HIV/AIDS. More than 15 genome-wide association studies targeting various HIV-linked phenotypes have been published since 2007. Surprisingly, only the two HIV-chemokine co-receptors and HLA loci have exhibited consistent and reproducible statistically significant genetic associations. In this chapter, we will review the findings from the genome-wide studies focusing especially on non-progressive and HIV control phenotypes, and discuss the current perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Limou
- Basic Science Program, Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick, MD, USA
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Chaire de Bioinformatique, Laboratoire Génomique Bioinformatique et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParis, France
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16
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Suzme R, Tseng JC, Levin B, Ibrahim S, Meruelo D, Pellicer A. Sindbis viral vectors target hematopoietic malignant cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:757-66. [PMID: 22956041 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sindbis viral vectors target and inhibit the growth of various solid tumors in mouse models. However, their efficacy against blood cancer has not been well established. Here, we show that Sindbis vectors infect and efficiently trigger apoptosis in mouse BW5147 malignant hematopoietic T-cells, but only at low levels in human lymphoma and leukemia cells (Jurkat, Karpas, CEM, DHL and JB). The Mr 37/67 kD laminin receptor (LAMR) has been suggested to be the receptor for Sindbis virus. However, JB cells, which are infected by Sindbis at low efficiency, express high levels of LAMR, revealing that additional factors are involved in Sindbis tropism. To test the infectivity and therapeutic efficacy of Sindbis vectors against malignant hematopoietic cells in vivo, we injected BW5147 cells intraperitoneally into (C3HXAKR) F1 hybrid mice. We found that Sindbis vectors targeted the tumors and significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. We also tested the Sindbis vectors in a transgenic CD4-Rgr model, which spontaneously develop thymic lymphomas. However, infectivity in this model was less efficient. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sindbis vectors have the potential to target and kill hematopoietic malignancies in mice, but further research is needed to evaluate the mechanism underlining the susceptibility of human lymphoid malignancies to Sindbis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Suzme
- Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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17
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van Manen D, van 't Wout AB, Schuitemaker H. Genome-wide association studies on HIV susceptibility, pathogenesis and pharmacogenomics. Retrovirology 2012; 9:70. [PMID: 22920050 PMCID: PMC3468375 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to HIV-1 and the clinical course after infection show a substantial heterogeneity between individuals. Part of this variability can be attributed to host genetic variation. Initial candidate gene studies have revealed interesting host factors that influence HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized for unbiased searches at a genome-wide level to discover novel genetic factors and pathways involved in HIV-1 infection. This review gives an overview of findings from the GWAS performed on HIV infection, within different cohorts, with variable patient and phenotype selection. Furthermore, novel techniques and strategies in research that might contribute to the complete understanding of virus-host interactions and its role on the pathogenesis of HIV infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Wu L, Zhang C, Zheng X, Tian Z, Zhang J. HMBOX1, homeobox transcription factor, negatively regulates interferon-γ production in natural killer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1895-900. [PMID: 21839858 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HMBOX1 is a new member of homeobox family and predicted to be a transcriptional repressor, its function in NK cells is completely unclear. Previously we found that overexpression of HMBOX1 downregulated mRNA level of IFN-γ in NK cells during our gene screening work. In present study, we investigate the relationship between HMBOX1 and IFN-γ in detail. Firstly, we describe the properties of HMBOX1 gene transcription in activated NK cells, and found that the transcriptional levels of HMBOX1 were significantly decreased in NK cells after activated by IL-2, IL-15 and IL-12, which was opposite to the expression profile of IFN-γ. Subsequently, over-expression of HMBOX1 significantly inhibited the expression and production of IFN-γ in NK cells in response to the stimulation of tumor cell K562 or PMA/ionomycin. Additionally, by luciferase reporter assay, HMBOX1 displayed suppressive effect on the transcription activity of IFN-γ promoter. These findings indicated that HMBOX1 may function as a negative regulator of IFN-γ in NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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19
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Wang Y, Oliver G. Current views on the function of the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. Genes Dev 2010; 24:2115-26. [PMID: 20889712 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1955910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is essential for lipid absorption, fluid homeostasis, and immune surveillance. Until recently, lymphatic vessel dysfunction had been associated with symptomatic pathologic conditions such as lymphedema. Work in the last few years had led to a better understanding of the functional roles of this vascular system in health and disease. Furthermore, recent work has also unraveled additional functional roles of the lymphatic vasculature in fat metabolism, obesity, inflammation, and the regulation of salt storage in hypertension. In this review, we summarize the functional roles of the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Wang
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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20
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Srinivasan RS, Geng X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Mukatira S, Studer M, Porto MPR, Lagutin O, Oliver G. The nuclear hormone receptor Coup-TFII is required for the initiation and early maintenance of Prox1 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Genes Dev 2010; 24:696-707. [PMID: 20360386 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1859310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The homeobox gene Prox1 is crucial for mammalian lymphatic vascular development. In the absence of Prox1, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are not specified. The maintenance of LEC identity also requires the constant expression of Prox1. However, the mechanisms controlling the expression of this gene in LECs remain poorly understood. The SRY-related gene Sox18 is required to induce Prox1 expression in venous LEC progenitors. Although Sox18 is also expressed in embryonic arteries, these vessels do not express Prox1, nor do they give rise to LECs. This finding suggests that some venous endothelial cell-specific factor is required for the activation of Prox1. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear hormone receptor Coup-TFII is necessary for the activation of Prox1 in embryonic veins by directly binding a conserved DNA domain in the regulatory region of Prox1. In addition, we show that the direct interaction between nuclear hormone receptors and Prox1 is also necessary for the maintenance of Prox1 expression during early stages of LEC specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sathish Srinivasan
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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21
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Evans NP, Misyak SA, Schmelz EM, Guri AJ, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J. Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates inflammation-induced colorectal cancer in mice through activation of PPARgamma. J Nutr 2010; 140:515-21. [PMID: 20089779 PMCID: PMC2821885 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exerts a protective effect on experimental inflammatory bowel disease and shows promise as a chemopreventive agent against colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice, although the mechanisms by which it exerts its beneficial effects against malignancies in the gut are not completely understood. Mice lacking PPARgamma in immune and epithelial cells and PPARgamma-expressing littermates were fed either control or CLA-supplemented (1 g CLA/100 g) diets to determine the role of PPARgamma in inflammation-induced CRC. To induce tumor formation and colitis, mice were treated with azoxymethane and then challenged with 2% dextran sodium sulfate, respectively. Dietary CLA ameliorated disease activity, decreased colitis, and prevented adenocarcinoma formation in the PPARgamma-expressing floxed mice but not in the tissue-specific PPARgamma-null mice. Dietary CLA supplementation significantly decreased the percentages of macrophages in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) regardless of the genotype and increased regulatory T cell numbers in MLN of PPARgamma-expressing, but not in the tissue-specific, PPARgamma-null mice. Colonic tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression was significantly suppressed in CLA-fed, PPARgamma-expressing mice. This study suggests CLA ameliorates colitis and prevents tumor formation in part through a PPARgamma-dependent mechanism.
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22
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Herbeck JT, Gottlieb GS, Winkler CA, Nelson GW, An P, Maust BS, Wong KG, Troyer JL, Goedert JJ, Kessing BD, Detels R, Wolinsky SM, Martinson J, Buchbinder S, Kirk GD, Jacobson LP, Margolick JB, Kaslow RA, O'Brien SJ, Mullins JI. Multistage genomewide association study identifies a locus at 1q41 associated with rate of HIV-1 disease progression to clinical AIDS. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:618-26. [PMID: 20064070 PMCID: PMC2928718 DOI: 10.1086/649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mean of 9-10 years of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection elapse before clinical AIDS develops in untreated persons, but this rate of disease progression varies substantially among individuals. To investigate host genetic determinants of the rate of progression to clinical AIDS, we performed a multistage genomewide association study. METHODS The discovery stage comprised 156 individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, enriched with rapid and long-term nonprogressors to increase statistical power. This was followed by replication tests of putatively associated genotypes in an independent population of 590 HIV-1-infected seroconverters. RESULTS Significant associations with delayed AIDS progression were observed in a haplotype located at 1q41, 36 kb upstream of PROX1 on chromosome 1 (relative hazard ratio, 0.69; Fisher's combined P = 6.23 X 10(-7)). This association was replicated further in an analysis stratified by transmission mode, with the effect consistent in sexual or mucosal and parenteral transmission (relative hazard ratios, 0.72 and 0.63, respectively; combined P = 1.63 X 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS This study identified and replicated a locus upstream of PROX1 that is associated with delayed progression to clinical AIDS. PROX1 is a negative regulator of interferon-gamma expression in T cells and also mitigates the advancement of vascular neoplasms, such as Kaposi sarcoma, a common AIDS-defining malignancy. This study adds to the cumulative polygenic host component that effectively regulates the progression to clinical AIDS among HIV-1-infected individuals, raising prospects for potential new avenues for therapy and improvements in AIDS prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Herbeck
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-8070, USA.
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