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Chen X, Zhang W, Huang H, Yi M, Jia K. Sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) UBC9 augments RGNNV infection by hindering RLRs-interferon response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109408. [PMID: 38307301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates various biological processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9) is the sole E2-conjugating enzyme responsible for SUMOylation and plays an important role in essential cellular functions. Here, we cloned the UBC9 gene from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) (LjUBC9) and investigated its role in regulating the IFN response during red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. The LjUBC9 gene consisted of 477 base pairs and encoded a polypeptide of 158 amino acids with an active site cysteine residue and a UBCc domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LjUBC9 shared the closest evolutionary relationship with UBC9 from Paralichthys olivaceus. Tissue expression profile analysis demonstrated that LjUBC9 was significantly increased in multiple tissues of sea perch following RGNNV infection. Further experiments showed that overexpression of LjUBC9 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of RGNNV capsid protein in LJB cells infected with RGNNV, nevertheless knockdown of LjUBC9 had the opposite effect, suggesting that LjUBC9 exerted a pro-viral effect during RGNNV infection. More importantly, we found that the 93rd cysteine is crucial for its pro-viral effect. Additionally, dual luciferase assays revealed that LjUBC9 prominently attenuated the promoter activities of sea perch type Ⅰ interferon (IFN) in RGNNV-infected cells, and overexpression of LjUBC9 markedly suppressed the transcription of key genes associated with RLRs-IFN pathway. In summary, these findings elucidate that LjUBC9 impairs the RLRs-IFN response, resulting in enhanced RGNNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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2
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Chen S, Fu X, Wang R, Li M, Yan X, Yue Z, Chen SW, Dong M, Xu A, Huang S. SUMO and PIAS repress NF-κB activation in a basal chordate. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108754. [PMID: 37088348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates various biological processes, including the MyD88/TICAMs-IRAKs-TRAF6-NF-κB pathway, one of the core immune pathways. However, its functions are inconsistent between invertebrates and vertebrates and have rarely been investigated in lower chordates, including amphioxus and fishes. Here, we investigated the SUMOylation gene system in the amphioxus, a living basal chordate. We found that amphioxus has a SUMOylation system that has a complete set of genes and preserves several ancestral traits. We proceeded to study their molecular functions using the mammal cell lines. Both amphioxus SUMO1 and SUMO2 were shown to be able to attach to NF-κB Rel and to inhibit NF-κB activation by 50-75% in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibition by SUMO2 could be further enhanced by the addition of the SUMO E2 ligase UBC9. In comparison, while human SUMO2 inhibited RelA, human SUMO1 slightly activated RelA. We also showed that, similar to human PIAS1-4, amphioxus PIAS could serve as a SUMO E3 ligase and promote its self-SUMOylation. This suggests that amphioxus PIAS is functionally compatible in human cells. Moreover, we showed that amphioxus PIAS is not only able to inhibit NF-κB activation induced by MyD88, TICAM-like, TRAF6 and IRAK4 but also able to suppress NF-κB Rel completely in the presence of SUMO1/2 in a dose-insensitive manner. This suggests that PIAS could effectively block Rel by promoting Rel SUMOylation. In comparison, in humans, only PIAS3, but not PIAS1/2/4, has been reported to promote NF-κB SUMOylation. Taken together, the findings from amphioxus, together with those from mammals and other species, not only offer insights into the functional volatility of the animal SUMO system, but also shed light on its evolutionary transitions from amphioxus to fish, and ultimately to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianan Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mingshi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Yue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shang-Wu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Dong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dong San Huang Road, Chao-yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Lussier-Price M, Wahba HM, Mascle XH, Cappadocia L, Bourdeau V, Gagnon C, Igelmann S, Sakaguchi K, Ferbeyre G, Omichinski J. Zinc controls PML nuclear body formation through regulation of a paralog specific auto-inhibition in SUMO1. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8331-8348. [PMID: 35871297 PMCID: PMC9371903 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO proteins are important regulators of many key cellular functions in part through their ability to form interactions with other proteins containing SUMO interacting motifs (SIMs). One characteristic feature of all SUMO proteins is the presence of a highly divergent intrinsically disordered region at their N-terminus. In this study, we examine the role of this N-terminal region of SUMO proteins in SUMO–SIM interactions required for the formation of nuclear bodies by the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein (PML-NBs). We demonstrate that the N-terminal region of SUMO1 functions in a paralog specific manner as an auto-inhibition domain by blocking its binding to the phosphorylated SIMs of PML and Daxx. Interestingly, we find that this auto-inhibition in SUMO1 is relieved by zinc, and structurally show that zinc stabilizes the complex between SUMO1 and a phospho-mimetic form of the SIM of PML. In addition, we demonstrate that increasing cellular zinc levels enhances PML-NB formation in senescent cells. Taken together, these results provide important insights into a paralog specific function of SUMO1, and suggest that zinc levels could play a crucial role in regulating SUMO1-SIM interactions required for PML-NB formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lussier-Price
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Haytham M Wahba
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xavier H Mascle
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Cappadocia
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Veronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Gagnon
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastian Igelmann
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kazuyasu Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
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Miao L, Tang Y, Bonneau AR, Chan SH, Kojima ML, Pownall ME, Vejnar CE, Gao F, Krishnaswamy S, Hendry CE, Giraldez AJ. The landscape of pioneer factor activity reveals the mechanisms of chromatin reprogramming and genome activation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:986-1002.e9. [PMID: 35182480 PMCID: PMC9327391 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon fertilization, embryos undergo chromatin reprogramming and genome activation; however, the mechanisms that regulate these processes are poorly understood. Here, we generated a triple mutant for Nanog, Pou5f3, and Sox19b (NPS) in zebrafish and found that NPS pioneer chromatin opening at >50% of active enhancers. NPS regulate acetylation across core histones at enhancers and promoters, and their function in gene activation can be bypassed by recruiting histone acetyltransferase to individual genes. NPS pioneer chromatin opening individually, redundantly, or additively depending on sequence context, and we show that high nucleosome occupancy facilitates NPS pioneering activity. Nucleosome position varies based on the input of different transcription factors (TFs), providing a flexible platform to modulate pioneering activity. Altogether, our results illuminate the sequence of events during genome activation and offer a conceptual framework to understand how pioneer factors interpret the genome and integrate different TF inputs across cell types and developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Miao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Yin Tang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley R Bonneau
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shun Hang Chan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mina L Kojima
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mark E Pownall
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles E Vejnar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Caroline E Hendry
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Antonio J Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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5
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Zhou B, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhou Q, Tan L, Zhu L, Chen H, Feng L, Hou T, Wang X, Chen D, Jin H. Hypoxia Stimulates SUMOylation-Dependent Stabilization of KDM5B. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:741736. [PMID: 34977006 PMCID: PMC8719622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can survive and propagate under the hypoxia stress by activating a series of adaption response. Herein, we found that lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) was upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) under hypoxia conditions. The genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of KDM5B impaired the growth of GC cell adapted to hypoxia. Interestingly, the upregulation of KDM5B in hypoxia response was associated with the SUMOylation of KDM5B. SUMOylation stabilized KDM5B protein by reducing the competitive modification of ubiquitination. Furthermore, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4 (PIAS4) was determined as the SUMO E3 ligase, showing increased interaction with KDM5B under hypoxia conditions. The inhibition of KDM5B caused significant downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and target genes under hypoxia. As a result, co-targeting KDM5B significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy in vivo. Taken together, PIAS4-mediated SUMOylation stabilized KDM5B protein by disturbing ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation to overcome hypoxia stress. Targeting SUMOylation-dependent KDM5B upregulation might be considered when the antiangiogenic therapy was applied in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingluo Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianlun Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bouchard D, Wang W, Yang WC, He S, Garcia A, Matunis MJ. SUMO paralogue-specific functions revealed through systematic analysis of human knockout cell lines and gene expression data. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1849-1866. [PMID: 34232706 PMCID: PMC8684707 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-01-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) regulate nearly every aspect of cellular function, from gene expression in the nucleus to ion transport at the plasma membrane. In humans, the SUMO pathway has five SUMO paralogues with sequence homologies that range from 45% to 97%. SUMO1 and SUMO2 are the most distantly related paralogues and also the best studied. To what extent SUMO1, SUMO2, and the other paralogues impart unique and nonredundant effects on cellular functions, however, has not been systematically examined and is therefore not fully understood. For instance, knockout studies in mice have revealed conflicting requirements for the paralogues during development and studies in cell culture have relied largely on transient paralogue overexpression or knockdown. To address the existing gap in understanding, we first analyzed SUMO paralogue gene expression levels in normal human tissues and found unique patterns of SUMO1–3 expression across 30 tissue types, suggesting paralogue-specific functions in adult human tissues. To systematically identify and characterize unique and nonredundant functions of the SUMO paralogues in human cells, we next used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out SUMO1 and SUMO2 expression in osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells. Analysis of these knockout cell lines revealed essential functions for SUMO1 and SUMO2 in regulating cellular morphology, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear body structure, responses to proteotoxic and genotoxic stress, and control of gene expression. Collectively, our findings reveal nonredundant regulatory roles for SUMO1 and SUMO2 in controlling essential cellular processes and provide a basis for more precise SUMO-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shuying He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Anthony Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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7
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Kaloyianni M, Dimitriadi A, Ovezik M, Stamkopoulou D, Feidantsis K, Kastrinaki G, Gallios G, Tsiaoussis I, Koumoundouros G, Bobori D. Magnetite nanoparticles effects on adverse responses of aquatic and terrestrial animal models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121204. [PMID: 31541956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Among pollutants, nanoparticles (NPs) consist a potential environmental hazard, as they could possibly harm the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems while having unpredictable repercussions on human health. Since monitoring the impact of NPs on aquatic and terrestrial life is challenging, due to the differential sensitivities of organisms to a given nanomaterial, the present study examines magnetite nanoparticles' mediated toxicity in different animal models, representing distinctive environments (terrestrial and aquatic). Oxidative, proteolytic and genotoxic effects were evaluated on the hemocytes of the snail Cornu aspersum; in addition to those, apoptotic effects were measured in gills and liver of the zebrafish Danio rerio, and the prussian carp Carassius gibelio. All biochemical parameters studied increased significantly in animals after 8 days exposure to NPs. Inter-species and inter-tissues differences in responses were evident. Our results suggest a common toxicity response mechanism functioning in the tissues of the three animals studied that is triggered by magnetite NPs. The simultaneous use of these parameters could be established after further investigation as a reliable multi-parameter approach for biomonitoring of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems against magnetite nanoparticles. Additionally, the results of our study could contribute to the design of studies for the production and rational utilization of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kaloyianni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Ovezik
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Stamkopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Kastrinaki
- Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory, CERTH/CPERI, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Gallios
- Laboratory of General & Inorganic Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsiaoussis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Wei J, Li C, Zhang X, Fan L, Wei S, Qin Q. Fish SUMO3 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against iridovirus and nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1088-1095. [PMID: 30593901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation (SUMO is small ubiquitin-related modifier) is a dynamic process that is strictly regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. We previously cloned and characterized two SUMO homologue genes (EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2) from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the present study, the SUMO3 homologue from E. coioides (EcSUMO3) was cloned and its possible roles in fish immunity were analyzed. The open reading frame of EcSUMO3 contains 285 base pairs encoding a 94 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 10.73 kDa. The protein sequence of EcSUMO3 revealed similar domains with mammals, including the UBQ (ubiquitin-like proteins) domain, the hydrophobic surface, the Ulp1-Smt3 interaction sites, a VKTE motif and the C-terminal Gly residues. EcSUMO3 shares 46.83% and 89.58% identity with EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2, respectively, and it shares 94%, 98%, and 98% identity with SUMO3 from Oreochromis niloticus, Danio rerio, and Homo sapiens, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that EcSUMO3 was constitutively expressed in all of the analyzed tissues in healthy grouper. EcSUMO3 expression levels were remarkably (p < 0.01) up-regulated in grouper spleen (GS) cells in response to stimulation with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). EcSUMO3 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in GS cells. EcSUMO3 enhanced SGIV and RGNNV replication during viral infection in vitro. These results are important for better understanding of the SUMO pathway in fish and provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of viral infection in E. coioides under farmed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shina Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
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9
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Yang SB, Tan XY, Zhang DG, Cheng J, Luo Z. Identification of 10 SUMOylation-Related Genes From Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and Their Transcriptional Responses to Carbohydrate Addition in vivo and in vitro. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1544. [PMID: 30467482 PMCID: PMC6235910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a kind of important post-translational modification. In the present study, we identified 10 key genes involved in SUMOylation and deSUMOylation (sumo1, sumo2, sumo3, sae1, uba2, ubc9, pias1, senp1, senp2, and senp3) in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, investigated their tissue expression patterns and transcriptional responses to carbohydrate addition both in vivo and in vitro. All of these members shared similar domains to their orthologous genes of other vertebrates. Their mRNAs were widely expressed in all the tested tissues, but at variable levels. Dietary carbohydrate levels differentially influenced the mRNA levels of these genes in liver, muscle, testis, and ovary of yellow catfish. Their mRNA levels in primary hepatocytes were differentially responsive to glucose addition. Our study would contribute to our understanding into the molecular basis of SUMOylation modification and into the potential SUMOylation function in the carbohydrate utilization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dian-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, China
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10
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Titone R, Zhu M, Robertson DM. Mutual regulation between IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 in human corneal epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1426-1441. [PMID: 30078228 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is part of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily. The activation of IGF-1R regulates several key signaling pathways responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis, including survival, growth, and proliferation. In addition to mediating signal transduction at the plasma membrane, in serum-based models, IGF-1R undergoes SUMOylation by SUMO 1 and translocates to the nucleus in response to IGF-1. In corneal epithelial cells grown in serum-free culture, however, IGF-1R has been shown to accumulate in the nucleus independent of IGF-1. In this study, we report that the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) mediates nuclear translocation of IGF-1R in response to growth factor withdrawal. This occurs via SUMOylation by SUMO 2/3. Further, IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 undergo reciprocal regulation independent of PI3k/Akt signaling. Thus, under healthy growth conditions, IGFBP-3 functions as a gatekeeper to arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1, but does not alter mitochondrial respiration in cultured cells. When stressed, IGFBP-3 functions as a caretaker to maintain levels of IGF-1R in the nucleus. These results demonstrate mutual regulation between IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 to maintain cell survival under stress. This is the first study to show a direct relationship between IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 in the maintenance of corneal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Titone
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Meifang Zhu
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- The Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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11
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Thiruvalluvan M, Barghouth PG, Tsur A, Broday L, Oviedo NJ. SUMOylation controls stem cell proliferation and regional cell death through Hedgehog signaling in planarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1285-1301. [PMID: 29098326 PMCID: PMC7083543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anteroposterior body axis differences during adult tissue maintenance and regeneration are poorly understood. Here, we identify that post-translational modifications through the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) machinery are evolutionarily conserved in the Lophotrocozoan Schmidtea mediterranea. Disruption of SUMOylation in adult animals by RNA-interference of the only SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 leads to a systemic increase in DNA damage and a remarkable regional defect characterized by increased cell death and loss of the posterior half of the body. We identified that Ubc9 is mainly expressed in planarian stem cells (neoblasts) but it is also transcribed in differentiated cells including neurons. Regeneration in Ubc9(RNAi) animals is impaired and associated with low neoblast proliferation. We present evidence indicating that Ubc9-induced regional cell death is preceded by alterations in transcription and spatial expression of repressors and activators of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that SUMOylation acts as a regional-specific cue to regulate cell fate during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Assaf Tsur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA.
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12
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Tan F, Dong W, Lei X, Liu X, Li Q, Kang L, Zhao S, Zhang C. Attenuated SUMOylation of sirtuin 1 in premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1283-1288. [PMID: 29115559 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective study was performed to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the expression of small ubiquitin‑related modifier (SUMO) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) proteins, and to examine interactions between these proteins in premature neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from residual venous blood samples of 20 premature infants with BPD and 20 gender‑matched premature infants without BPD (non‑BPD group). Expression levels of SUMO and SIRT1 proteins in PBMCs were assessed by western blot analysis, and their interactions in PBMCs were detected using the immunoprecipitation assay. Based on the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) administered, neonates were divided into normoxia, low‑(21%<FiO2<30%), medium‑(30%≤FiO2<40%) and high‑oxygen (FiO2≥40%) groups. Expression levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 proteins in the normoxia group were significantly lower than those in the medium‑ or high‑oxygen groups (P<0.01), but were comparable to those in the low‑oxygen group. SIRT1 expression levels in both the medium‑ and high‑oxygen groups were significantly lower than those in the normoxia group (P<0.01). In the BPD group, the expression of SIRT1 protein was significantly lower (P<0.01), and its interaction with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 was significantly attenuated compared with that in the non‑BPD group (P<0.01). Supplemental oxygen with FiO2≥30% was associated with upregulation of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 expression and downregulation of SIRT1 expression. The present findings suggest that decreased SIRT1 expression and its SUMOylation by SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 may be associated with the development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Tan
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xingling Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qingping Li
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Kang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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13
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Surana P, Gowda CM, Tripathi V, Broday L, Das R. Structural and functional analysis of SMO-1, the SUMO homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186622. [PMID: 29045470 PMCID: PMC5646861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMO proteins are important post-translational modifiers involved in multiple cellular pathways in eukaryotes, especially during the different developmental stages in multicellular organisms. The nematode C. elegans is a well known model system for studying metazoan development and has a single SUMO homolog, SMO-1. Interestingly, SMO-1 modification is linked to embryogenesis and development in the nematode. However, high-resolution information about SMO-1 and the mechanism of its conjugation is lacking. In this work, we report the high-resolution three dimensional structure of SMO-1 solved by NMR spectroscopy. SMO-1 has flexible N-terminal and C-terminal tails on either side of a rigid beta-grasp folded core. While the sequence of SMO-1 is more similar to SUMO1, the electrostatic surface features of SMO-1 resemble more with SUMO2/3. SMO-1 can bind to typical SUMO Interacting Motifs (SIMs). SMO-1 can also conjugate to a typical SUMOylation consensus site as well as to its natural substrate HMR-1. Poly-SMO-1 chains were observed in-vitro even though SMO-1 lacks any consensus SUMOylation site. Typical deSUMOylation enzymes like Senp2 can cleave the poly-SMO-1 chains. Despite being a single gene, the SMO-1 structure allows it to function in a large repertoire of signaling pathways involving SUMO in C. elegans. Structural and functional features of SMO-1 studies described here will be useful to understand its role in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Surana
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chandrakala M. Gowda
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vasvi Tripathi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ranabir Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yu F, Wang L, Wang H, Sheng J, Lu L. Repression of SUMOylation pathway by grass carp reovirus contributes to the upregulation of PKR in an IFN-independent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71500-71511. [PMID: 29069722 PMCID: PMC5641065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, is involved in interaction between hosts and viruses, and participates in diverse cellular processes including inflammatory responses and innate immunity. Here, we investigated the interaction between reovirus infection and the cellular SUMOylation machinery using grass carp reovirus (GCRV) as a model. Full-length cDNAs of grass carp SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 were obtained and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they shared high homology with those of higher vertebrates. The two modifiers and SUMO conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues of grass carp. During GCRV infection in CIK cells, transcriptional expressions of SUMO1/2 and Ubc9 were significantly inhibited; while UV-inactivated GCRV failed to inhibit the expression of the three molecules, which suggested that SUMOylation system was suppressed during viral replication. In CIK cells treated with inhibitor 2-D08 for SUMOylation, GCRV replication was not interfered; however, transcriptional analysis of immune genes involved in anti-viral interferon (IFN) response indicated that IRF2 and PKR were significantly up-regulated in CIK cells treated with inhibitor in contrast to IRF1, IRF7 and IFNI. Furthermore, 2-D08 treatment coupled with GCRV challenge resulted in higher IRF2 and PKR level during infection in comparison to those of CIK cells infected with GCRV only. These results indicated that inhibition of SUMOylation should result in the induction of PKR via IFN-independent manner, and both IFN-signaling and IFN-independent signaling seemed to involve in the upregulation of PKR during the process of GCRV infection. Repression of SUMOylation by GCRV might represent a cellular antiviral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Sheng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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15
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Wen B, Yuan H, Liu X, Wang H, Chen S, Chen Z, de The H, Zhou J, Zhu J. GATA5 SUMOylation is indispensable for zebrafish cardiac development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1691-1701. [PMID: 28285006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUMOylation is a critical regulatory protein modification in eukaryotic cells and plays a pivotal role in cardiac development and disease. Several cardiac transcription factors are modified by SUMO, but little is known about the impact of SUMOylation on their function during cardiac development. METHODS We used a zebrafish model to address the impact of SUMOylation on GATA5, an essential transcription factor in zebrafish cardiac development. GATA5 SUMOylation was probed by western blot, the subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of GATA5 mutants were examined by immunostaining and luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of GATA5 SUMOylation was evaluated by gata5 mutants mRNA microinjection and in situ hybridization in gata5 morphants and ubc9 mutants. RESULTS Firstly, we identified GATA5 as a SUMO substrate, and lysine 324 (K324) and lysine 360 (K360) as two major modification sites. Conversion of lysine to arginine at these two sites did not affect subcellular localization, but did affect the transcriptional activity of GATA5. Secondly, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the wild type (WT) and K324R mutant of gata5 could rescue impaired cardiac precursor differentiation, while the K360R mutant of gata5 drastically lost this potency in gata5 morphant. Furthermore, in SUMOylation-deficient ubc9 mutants, the abnormal expression pattern displayed by the early markers of cardiac development (nkx2.5 and mef2cb) could be restored using a sumo-gata5 fusion, but not with a WT gata5. CONCLUSION GATA5 SUMOylation is indispensable for early zebrafish cardiac development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our studies highlight the potential importance of transcription factor SUMOylation in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugues de The
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.
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16
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Sumoylation in Development and Differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:197-214. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Xu M, Wei J, Chen X, Gao P, Zhou Y, Qin Q. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) genes from grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:119-127. [PMID: 26616235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a group of proteins binding to lysine residues of target proteins and thereby modifying their stability, activity and subcellular localization. In the present study, two SUMO homolog genes (EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2) from grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were cloned and characterized. The full-length sequence of EcSUMO1 was 749 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 306 bp encoding 101 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.34 kDa. The full-length sequence of EcSUMO2 was 822 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 291 bp encoding 96 amino acids with a molecular mass of 10.88 kDa EcSUMO1 shares 44.55% identity with EcSUMO2. EcSUMO1 shares 99%, 90%, and 88% identity with those from Oreochromis niloticus, Danio rerio, and Homo sapiens, respectively. EcSUMO2 shares 98%, 93%, and 96% identity with those from Anoplopoma fimbria, D.rerio, and H. sapiens, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were constitutively expressed in all of the analyzed tissues in healthy grouper, but the expression of EcSUMO2 was higher than that of EcSUMO1. EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were identified as a remarkably (P < 0.01) up-regulated responding to poly(I:C) and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) stimulation in head kidney of groupers. EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 were distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus in GS cells. Over-expressed EcSUMO1 and EcSUMO2 enhanced SGIV and Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) replication during viral infection in vitro. Our study was an important attempt to understand the SUMO pathway in fish, which may provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of viral infection in E.coioides under farmed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Pin Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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18
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Ureña E, Pirone L, Chafino S, Pérez C, Sutherland JD, Lang V, Rodriguez MS, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Blanco FJ, Barrio R, Martín D. Evolution of SUMO Function and Chain Formation in Insects. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:568-84. [PMID: 26538142 PMCID: PMC4866545 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, the covalent binding of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, is a posttranslational modification that regulates critical cellular processes in eukaryotes. In insects, SUMOylation has been studied in holometabolous species, particularly in the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, which contains a single SUMO gene (smt3). This has led to the assumption that insects contain a single SUMO gene. However, the analysis of insect genomes shows that basal insects contain two SUMO genes, orthologous to vertebrate SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. Our phylogenetical analysis reveals that the SUMO gene has been duplicated giving rise to SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 families early in Metazoan evolution, and that later in insect evolution the SUMO1 gene has been lost after the Hymenoptera divergence. To explore the consequences of this loss, we have examined the characteristics and different biological functions of the two SUMO genes (SUMO1 and SUMO3) in the hemimetabolous cockroach Blattella germanica and compared them with those of Drosophila Smt3. Here, we show that the metamorphic role of the SUMO genes is evolutionary conserved in insects, although there has been a regulatory switch from SUMO1 in basal insects to SUMO3 in more derived ones. We also show that, unlike vertebrates, insect SUMO3 proteins cannot form polySUMO chains due to the loss of critical lysine residues within the N-terminal part of the protein. Furthermore, the formation of polySUMO chains by expression of ectopic human SUMO3 has a deleterious effect in Drosophila. These findings contribute to the understanding of the functional consequences of the evolution of SUMO genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Ureña
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Pirone
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Silvia Chafino
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coralia Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Valérie Lang
- Cancer Unit, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco J Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Yuan H, Wen B, Liu X, Gao C, Yang R, Wang L, Chen S, Chen Z, de The H, Zhou J, Zhu J. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α is required for hepatic outgrowth via the p53 pathway in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15838. [PMID: 26511037 PMCID: PMC4649991 DOI: 10.1038/srep15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα) is a transcription factor that plays
important roles in the regulation of hepatogenesis, adipogenesis and hematopoiesis. Disruption of
the C/EBPα gene in mice leads to disturbed liver architecture and neonatal death due
to hypoglycemia. However, the precise stages of liver development affected by C/ebpα loss
are poorly studied. Using the zebrafish embryo as a model organism, we show that inactivation of the
cebpa gene by TALENs results in a small liver phenotype. Further studies reveal that
C/ebpα is distinctively required for hepatic outgrowth but not for hepatoblast
specification. Lack of C/ebpα leads to enhanced hepatic cell proliferation and subsequent
increased cell apoptosis. Additional loss of p53 can largely rescue the hepatic defect in
cebpa mutants, suggesting that C/ebpα plays a role in liver growth regulation via the
p53 pathway. Thus, our findings for the first time demonstrate a stage-specific role for
C/ebpα during liver organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wen
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxiang Wang
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugues de The
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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Mutation of kri1l causes definitive hematopoiesis failure via PERK-dependent excessive autophagy induction. Cell Res 2015; 25:946-62. [PMID: 26138676 PMCID: PMC4528055 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis causes human diseases, such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia, del (5q-) syndrome and bone marrow failure. However, the mechanisms of blood disorders in these diseases remain elusive. Through genetic mapping, molecular cloning and mechanism characterization of the zebrafish mutant cas002, we reveal a novel connection between ribosomal dysfunction and excessive autophagy in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). cas002 carries a recessive lethal mutation in kri1l gene that encodes an essential component of rRNA small subunit processome. We show that Kri1l is required for normal ribosome biogenesis, expansion of definitive HSPCs and subsequent lineage differentiation. Through live imaging and biochemical studies, we find that loss of Kri1l causes the accumulation of misfolded proteins and excessive PERK activation-dependent autophagy in HSPCs. Blocking autophagy but not inhibiting apoptosis by Bcl2 overexpression can fully rescue hematopoietic defects, but not the lethality of kri1lcas002 embryos. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-MA and Baf A1) or PERK inhibitor (GSK2656157), or knockdown of beclin1 or perk can markedly restore HSPC proliferation and definitive hematopoietic cell differentiation. These results may provide leads for effective therapeutics that benefit patients with anemia or bone marrow failure caused by ribosome disorders.
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21
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Yuan H, Zhang T, Liu X, Deng M, Zhang W, Wen Z, Chen S, Chen Z, de The H, Zhou J, Zhu J. Sumoylation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α is implicated in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell development through regulating runx1 in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9011. [PMID: 25757417 PMCID: PMC4355724 DOI: 10.1038/srep09011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) participates in various cellular processes, including maintenance of genome integrity, nuclear transport, transcription and signal transduction. However, the biological function of sumoylation in hematopoiesis has not been fully explored. We show here that definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are depleted in SUMO-deficient zebrafish embryos. Impairment of sumoylation attenuates HSPC generation and proliferation. The hyposumoylation triggered HSPC defects are CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/ebpα) dependent. Critically, a SUMO-C/ebpα fusion rescues the defective hematopoiesis in SUMO-deficient embryos, at least in part through restored runx1 expression. While C/ebpα-dependent transcription is involved in myeloid differentiation, our studies here reveal that C/ebpα sumoylation is essential for HSPC development during definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Deng
- Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugues de The
- 1] CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jun Zhou
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- 1] CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée No. 11 Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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22
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Comparative proteomic analysis of ovary for Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to chlorophenol chemicals. J Proteomics 2014; 110:172-82. [PMID: 25106787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) are suspected of disrupting the endocrine system and thus affecting human and wildlife reproduction, but the potential common mechanisms and biomarkers of chlorophenols (CPs) in the ovary are not fully elucidated. In the present study, the female rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to PCP (0.5, 5.0, and 50 μg/L), TCP (1.0, 10, and 100 μg/L) and 17β-estradiol (as a positive control) for 28 days, and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis was employed to investigate the alteration of protein expression in the ovary. After comparison of the protein profiles from treated and control groups, 22 protein spots were observed to be altered in abundance (>2-fold) from female treated groups, and 14 protein spots were identified successfully. These proteins were related to molecular response patterns, endocrine effects, metabolic pathways, and even the possible carcinogens in response to CP exposure. The seven differentially expressed mRNA encoding proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and histopathology was also measured. Our data demonstrate that alterations of multiple pathways may be associated with the toxic effects of CPs on ovaries. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although numerous studies have shown the affection of the endocrine system with exposure to chlorophenols (CPs), there is little report on the alterations of protein expression in the ovaries from rare minnows following exposure to PCP or TCP. In the present study, a comparative proteomic approach using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) has been developed to identify certain proteins in the ovaries of Chinese rare minnow, whose abundance changes during exposure to CPs. After comparison of the protein profiles from treated and control groups, 22 protein spots were observed to be altered in abundance (>2-fold) from female treated groups, and 14 protein spots were identified successfully. These proteins were related to molecular response patterns, endocrine effects, metabolic pathways, and even the possible carcinogens in response to CP exposure. Because the mechanism often involves changes in the expression of multiple proteins rather than a single protein, a global analysis of the protein alterations can result in valuable information to understand the CP action mechanism. All the above results demonstrate that the Vtg, SUMO, Lec-3 and PIMT protein are potential biomarkers and involved in the toxicity pathway of CP exposure in aquatic animals, which should be the primary focus of studies on the CP ovary toxicity mechanism in the future.
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Wang L, Wansleeben C, Zhao S, Miao P, Paschen W, Yang W. SUMO2 is essential while SUMO3 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:878-85. [PMID: 24891386 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO1-3) conjugation plays a critical role in embryogenesis. Embryos deficient in the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 die at the early postimplantation stage. Sumo1(-/-) mice are viable, as SUMO2/3 can compensate for most SUMO1 functions. To uncover the role of SUMO2/3 in embryogenesis, we generated Sumo2- and Sumo3-null mutant mice. Here, we report that Sumo3(-/-) mice were viable, while Sumo2(-/-) embryos exhibited severe developmental delay and died at approximately embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). We also provide evidence that SUMO2 is the predominantly expressed SUMO isoform. Furthermore, although Sumo2(+/-) and Sumo2(+/-);Sumo3(+/-) mice lacked any overt phenotype, only 2 Sumo2(+/-);Sumo3(-/-) mice were found at birth in 35 litters after crossing Sumo2(+/-);Sumo3(+/-) with Sumo3(-/-) mice, and these rare mice were considerably smaller than littermates of the other genotypes. Thus, our findings suggest that expression levels and not functional differences between SUMO2 and SUMO3 are critical for normal embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Wang
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Shengli Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pei Miao
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wulf Paschen
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Abstract
Posttranslational modification with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins is now established as one of the key regulatory protein modifications in eukaryotic cells. Hundreds of proteins involved in processes such as chromatin organization, transcription, DNA repair, macromolecular assembly, protein homeostasis, trafficking, and signal transduction are subject to reversible sumoylation. Hence, it is not surprising that disease links are beginning to emerge and that interference with sumoylation is being considered for intervention. Here, we summarize basic mechanisms and highlight recent developments in the physiology of sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Flotho
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.
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25
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Ivanschitz L, De Thé H, Le Bras M. PML, SUMOylation, and Senescence. Front Oncol 2013; 3:171. [PMID: 23847762 PMCID: PMC3701148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, 25 years ago, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) has been an enigma. Implicated in the oncogenic PML/RARA fusion, forming elusive intranuclear domains, triggering cell death or senescence, controlled by and perhaps controlling SUMOylation… there are multiple PML-related issues. Here we review the reciprocal interactions between PML, senescence, and SUMOylation, notably in the context of cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ivanschitz
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France ; INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France ; CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris , France
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26
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Baczyk D, Drewlo S, Kingdom JCP. Emerging role of SUMOylation in placental pathology. Placenta 2013; 34:606-12. [PMID: 23628505 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) conjugate to target proteins in a dynamic, reversible manner to function as post-translational modifiers. SUMOylation of target proteins can impinge on their localization, in addition to their activity or stability. Differential expression of deSUMOylating enzymes (SENP 1 and 2) contributes to altered mammalian placental development and function in mice. Severe preeclampsia (sPE) is associated with abnormal placental development and chronic ischemic injury. Extra- and intracellular stimuli/stressors that include hypoxic-activated pathways are known modulators of SUMOylation. In this current study we hypothesized that placentas from sPE patients will display up regulation in the SUMO regulatory pathway. METHODS Utilizing qRT-PCR, immuno-blotting and Western techniques, we determined the expression levels of SUMO pathway genes in healthy and diseased placentas. We also exposed placental explants to hypoxia to study the effect on the SUMOylation pathway. RESULTS We observed steady-state expression of SUMO1-3, SUMO-conjugated enzyme-UBC9 and deSUMOylating enzymes - SENPs, throughout normal gestation. An elevated level of free SUMO1-3 and SUMO-protein conjugates was observed in sPE placentas. Furthermore, placental UBC9 levels were strikingly increased in the same sPE patients. Hypoxia-induced SUMOylation in first trimester placental explants. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrate an elevated steady-state of SUMOylation in sPE placentas compared with gestational aged-matched controls. The observed hyper-SUMOylation in sPE placentas correlates with elevated expression of UBC9 rather than with reduced expression of SENPs Hypoxia may contribute to alterations in placental SUMOylation pathway. CONCLUSION Increased placental SUMOylation may contribute to the pathogenesis of serious placental pathology that causes extreme preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baczyk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada.
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27
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Hu Q, Chen S. Cloning, genomic structure and expression analysis of ubc9 in the course of development in the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:181-8. [PMID: 23507627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is an essential biological process in eukaryote, and Ubc9 is an important E2 conjugating enzyme (UBE2) for SUMO pathway and plays a critical role in cellular differentiation, development and sex modification in various species. However, the relationship between Ubc9 and sex modification and development in fish remains elusive. To elucidate the impact of Ubc9 on sex modification and development, the full length of the cDNA and genomic sequence was cloned from half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that ubc9 was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues, and the expression levels varied in the different stages of embryonic and gonadal development. In addition, the expression level was significantly higher in the temperature-treated females than the normal females and males. Moreover, the PET-32-Ubc9 plasmid was constructed and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Follistatin gene expression was initially up-regulated and FSE genes (cyp19a1a, ctnnb1, foxl2) were initially down-regulated after the injection of Ubc9 protein, prior to 96 h eventually recovered to normal levels. Taken together, the results show that Ubc9 is involved in embryogenesis, gametogenesis and sex modification, and exerts an effect on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Hu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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28
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Dai Y, Han K, Zou Z, Yan S, Wang Y, Zhang Z. SUMO-1 of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in gametogenesis. Gene 2012; 503:260-8. [PMID: 22579467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) is a member of a family of ubiquitin-related proteins. SUMO pathway, which is involved in gene expression in eukaryotic posttranslational processing, plays important roles in gene expression, genomic stability and the occurrence of cells, development and other biological processes. Scylla paramamosain is one of the important economic breeding crabs in the southeast coast of China. To date, little is known about the distinct roles of SUMO in crustacean, especially in crabs. In the present study, we report the identification and characterization of mud crab, S. paramamosain SUMO-1 (SpSUMO-1) gene using an approach which combines expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE). The full length cDNA of SpSUMO-1 gene (GenBank: HM581660) is of 732 bp, including a 282 bp open reading frame which encodes a protein of 93 amino acids. Tissue distribution analysis showed that SpSUMO-1 was expressed more abundantly in the ovary than in other tissues (P<0.01). And the expression profiles of SpSUMO-1 in the different gonad developing stages revealed that the highest expression of SpSUMO-1 occurred at proliferation stage, and then decreased gradually as the ovarian development progressed, while in the testis, the expression level of SpSUMO-1 was relatively stable at different stages of testis development. The distribution of SpSUMO-1 mRNA and its protein was observed in the crab gametogenesis by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical method respectively. In oogenesis, SpSUMO-1 transcripts presented at the cytoplasm and nucleus of oocytes from proliferation stage to primary vitellogenesis stage, but only appeared in the nucleus of oocytes in secondary and tertiary vitellogenesis stages. Meanwhile, SpSUMO-1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of oogonia and different developing oocytes. On the other hand, the SpSUMO-1 transcript was detected throughout the spermatogenesis, with the strong positive signals of SpSUMO-1 presented at the nuclei of primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Interestingly, the positive signals of acrosomal tubules of spermatozoa were also detected. SpSUMO-1 protein was localized in spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and spermatid, but the positive signal was only detected in the nucleus of spermatozoa. All these results suggested that SUMO-1 may play essential roles in the gametogenesis of the crustacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture in the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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29
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Abstract
The eukaryotic ubiquitin family encompasses nearly 20 proteins that are involved in the posttranslational modification of various macromolecules. The ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) that are part of this family adopt the β-grasp fold that is characteristic of its founding member ubiquitin (Ub). Although structurally related, UBLs regulate a strikingly diverse set of cellular processes, including nuclear transport, proteolysis, translation, autophagy, and antiviral pathways. New UBL substrates continue to be identified and further expand the functional diversity of UBL pathways in cellular homeostasis and physiology. Here, we review recent findings on such novel substrates, mechanisms, and functions of UBLs.
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30
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Lomelí H, Vázquez M. Emerging roles of the SUMO pathway in development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:4045-64. [PMID: 21892772 PMCID: PMC11115048 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a reversible post-translational modification that targets a variety of proteins mainly within the nucleus, but also in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell. It controls diverse cellular mechanisms such as subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, or transcription factor activity. In recent years, the use of several developmental model systems has unraveled many critical functions for the sumoylation system in the early life of diverse species. In particular, detailed analyses of mutant organisms in both the components of the SUMO pathway and their targets have established the importance of the SUMO system in early developmental processes, such as cell division, cell lineage commitment, specification, and/or differentiation. In addition, an increasing number of developmental proteins, including transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, have been identified as sumoylation substrates. Sumoylation acts on these targets through various mechanisms. For example, this modification has been involved in converting a transcription factor from an activator to a repressor or in regulating the localization and/or stability of numerous transcription factors. This review will summarize current information on the function of sumoylation in embryonic development in different species from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Rytinki MM, Lakso M, Pehkonen P, Aarnio V, Reisner K, Peräkylä M, Wong G, Palvimo JJ. Overexpression of SUMO perturbs the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3219-32. [PMID: 21253676 PMCID: PMC11114839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) are important regulator proteins. Caenorhabditis elegans contains a single SUMO ortholog, SMO-1, necessary for the reproduction of C. elegans. In this study, we constructed transgenic C. elegans strains expressing human SUMO-1 under the control of pan-neuronal (aex-3) or pan-muscular (myo-4) promoter and SUMO-2 under the control of myo-4 promoter. Interestingly, muscular overexpression of SUMO-1 or -2 resulted in morphological changes of the posterior part of the nematode. Movement, reproduction and aging of C. elegans were perturbed by the overexpression of SUMO-1 or -2. Genome-wide expression analyses revealed that several genes encoding components of SUMOylation pathway and ubiquitin-proteasome system were upregulated in SUMO-overexpressing nematodes. Since muscular overexpression of SMO-1 also brought up reproductive and mobility perturbations, our results imply that the phenotypes were largely due to an excess of SUMO, suggesting that a tight control of SUMO levels is important for the normal development of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia M. Rytinki
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Lakso
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Pehkonen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vuokko Aarnio
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaja Reisner
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Peräkylä
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Garry Wong
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J. Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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32
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Stindt MH, Carter S, Vigneron AM, Ryan KM, Vousden KH. MDM2 promotes SUMO-2/3 modification of p53 to modulate transcriptional activity. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3176-88. [PMID: 21900752 PMCID: PMC3218624 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.18.17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is extensively regulated by post-translational modification, including modification by the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO. We show here that MDM2, previously shown to promote ubiquitin, Nedd8 and SUMO-1 modification of p53, can also enhance conjugation of endogenous SUMO-2/3 to p53. Sumoylation activity requires p53-MDM2 binding but does not depend on an intact RING finger. Both ARF and L11 can promote SUMO-2/3 conjugation of p53. However, unlike the previously described SUMO-1 conjugation of p53 by an MDM2-ARF complex, this activity does not depend on the ability of MDM2 to relocalize to the nucleolus. Interestingly, the SUMO consensus is not conserved in mouse p53, which is therefore not modified by SUMO-2/3. Finally, we show that conjugation of SUMO-2/3 to p53 correlates with a reduction of both activation and repression of a subset of p53-target genes.
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Lee FY, Faivre EJ, Suzawa M, Lontok E, Ebert D, Cai F, Belsham DD, Ingraham HA. Eliminating SF-1 (NR5A1) sumoylation in vivo results in ectopic hedgehog signaling and disruption of endocrine development. Dev Cell 2011; 21:315-27. [PMID: 21820362 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is generally considered a repressive mark for many transcription factors. However, the in vivo importance of sumoylation for any given substrate remains unclear and is questionable because the extent of sumoylation appears exceedingly low for most substrates. Here, we permanently eliminated SF-1/NR5A1 sumoylation in mice (Sf-1(K119R, K194R, or 2KR)) and found that Sf-1(2KR/2KR) mice failed to phenocopy a simple gain of SF-1 function or show elevated levels of well-established SF-1 target genes. Instead, mutant mice exhibited marked endocrine abnormalities and changes in cell fate that reflected an inappropriate activation of hedgehog signaling and other potential SUMO-sensitive targets. Furthermore, unsumoylatable SF-1 mutants activated Shh and exhibited preferential recruitment to Shh genomic elements in cells. We conclude that the sumoylation cycle greatly expands the functional capacity of transcription factors such as SF-1 and is leveraged during development to achieve cell-type-specific gene expression in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Y Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Sumoylation of CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein α promotes the biased primitive hematopoiesis of zebrafish. Blood 2011; 117:7014-20. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-325712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is evolutionarily conserved from zebrafish to mammals, and this includes both primitive and definitive waves during embryogenesis. Primitive hematopoiesis is dominated by erythropoiesis with limited myelopoiesis. Protein sumoylation, a ubiquitination-like posttranslational protein modification, is implicated in a variety of biochemical processes, most notably in transcriptional repression. We show here that the loss of 6 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) paralogs triggers a sharp up-regulation of the myeloid-specific marker mpo and down-regulation of the erythroid-specific marker gata1 in myelo-erythroid progenitor cells (MPCs) in the intermediate cell mass (ICM) during primitive hematopoiesis. Accordingly, in transgenic zebrafish lines, hyposumoylation expands myelopoiesis at the expense of erythropoiesis. A SUMO–CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein α (SUMO-C/ebpα) fusion restores the normal myelopoiesis/erythropoiesis balance, suggesting that sumoylation status of C/ebpα contributes to myelo-erythroid lineage determination. Our results therefore implicate sumoylation in early lineage determination and reveal the possible molecular mechanism underlying the puzzling biased primitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates.
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Hattersley N, Shen L, Jaffray EG, Hay RT. The SUMO protease SENP6 is a direct regulator of PML nuclear bodies. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 22:78-90. [PMID: 21148299 PMCID: PMC3016979 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-06-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that SUMO-specific protease SENP6 can cleave mixed SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 chains. Depletion of SENP6 results in accumulation of SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1 conjugates in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies. Inactivation of SENP6 results in its accumulation at the SUMO-2/3-rich core of PML nuclear bodies. Biochemical analysis indicates that SUMO-modified PML is a SENP6 substrate. Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the core component of PML-nuclear bodies (PML NBs). The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system (and, in particular, SUMOylation of PML) is a critical component in the formation and regulation of PML NBs. SUMO protease SENP6 has been shown previously to be specific for SUMO-2/3–modified substrates and shows preference for SUMO polymers. Here, we further investigate the substrate specificity of SENP6 and show that it is also capable of cleaving mixed chains of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3. Depletion of SENP6 results in accumulation of endogenous SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1 conjugates, and immunofluorescence analysis shows accumulation of SUMO and PML in an increased number of PML NBs. Although SENP6 depletion drastically increases the size of PML NBs, the organizational structure of the body is not affected. Mutation of the catalytic cysteine of SENP6 results in its accumulation in PML NBs, and biochemical analysis indicates that SUMO-modified PML is a substrate of SENP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hattersley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD15EH Scotland, United Kingdom
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Seki D, Obata S, Shirozu T, Kitano T, Saitoh H. Identification of four SUMO paralogs in the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, and their classification into two subfamilies. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:737-50. [PMID: 20549333 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
At least four paralogs of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) exist in humans, but there is limited information about SUMO paralogs from other vertebrate species. We isolated the four cDNA encoding proteins, similar to human SUMOs, from the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes: OlSUMO-1, OlSUMO-2, OlSUMO-3, and OlSUMO-4. The amino acid sequences of OlSUMO-2, -3, and -4 are 89-94% identical, but they share only 45% identity with OlSUMO-1. Phylogenetic analysis, transient expression of OlSUMOs in cultured cells, and in vitro binding of OlSUMOs with two SUMO-interacting proteins demonstrated that the medaka SUMO paralogs can be grouped into two subfamilies, OlSUMO-1 and OlSUMO-2/3/4. Furthermore, this is the first report of all four OlSUMO transcripts being expressed in medaka embryos, implying that they have a role in fish development. This study will improve understanding of the relationship between structural and functional diversity of SUMO paralogs during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Seki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Xirodimas DP, Scheffner M. Ubiquitin Family Members in the Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor p53. Subcell Biochem 2010; 54:116-135. [PMID: 21222278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6676-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is deregulated in most if not all human cancers. Thus, the past two decades have witnessed intense efforts to identify and characterize the growth-suppressive properties of p53 as well as the proteins and mechanisms involved in regulating p53 activity. In retrospect, it may therefore not be surprising that p53 was one of the very first mammalian proteins that were identified as physiologically relevant substrate proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Since then, plenty of evidence has been accumulated that p53 is in part controlled by canonical (i.e., resulting in proteasome-mediated degradation) and noncanonical (i.e., nonproteolytic) ubiquitination and by modification with the ubiquitin family members SUMO-1 and NED 8. In this chapter, we will largely neglect the plethora of mechanisms that have been reported to be involved in the regulation of p53 ubiquitination but will focus on the enzymes and components of the respective conjugation systems that have been implicated in p53 modification and how the respective modifications (ubiquitin, SUMO-1, NED 8) may impinge on p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris P Xirodimas
- Division of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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