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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Toti A, Ciampi C, Margiotta F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Anti-Hyperalgesic Efficacy of Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR) Against Visceral Pain Induced by Colitis: Involvement of Glia in the Enteric and Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14841. [PMID: 37834289 PMCID: PMC10573187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of abdominal pain in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) still represents a problem because of the lack of effective treatments. Acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) has proved useful in the treatment of different types of chronic pain with excellent tolerability. The present work aimed at evaluating the anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of ALCAR in a model of persistent visceral pain associated with colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) injection. Two different protocols were applied. In the preventive protocol, ALCAR was administered daily starting 14 days to 24 h before the delivery of DNBS. In the interventive protocol, ALCAR was daily administered starting the same day of DNBS injection, and the treatment was continued for 14 days. In both cases, ALCAR significantly reduced the establishment of visceral hyperalgesia in DNBS-treated animals, though the interventive protocol showed a greater efficacy than the preventive one. The interventive protocol partially reduced colon damage in rats, counteracting enteric glia and spinal astrocyte activation resulting from colitis, as analyzed by immunofluorescence. On the other hand, the preventive protocol effectively protected enteric neurons from the inflammatory insult. These findings suggest the putative usefulness of ALCAR as a food supplement for patients suffering from IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (A.T.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
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Yu ZY, Xu YS, Tang M, Xin WF. The effect of olsalazine of chinese generic drugs on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt in BALB/c mice. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 38:e382923. [PMID: 37610966 PMCID: PMC10443231 DOI: 10.1590/acb382923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore effect and mechanism of olsalazine of Chinese generic drugs on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in BALB/c mice. METHODS The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was induced by free drinking of 3% (w/v) DSS aqueous solution for seven days. The mice were treated with olsalazine (0.6 g·kg-1) of Chinese generic drugs. The therapeutic effect of olsalazine on ulcerative colitis mice was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS), and detected the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β in serum and IL-7, IL-17, IL-22, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in colonic homogenate of mice. RESULTS Olsalazine significantly increased the contents of IL-2, IL-10, IL-22, TGF and EGF in ulcerative colitis rats, and significantly decreased the scores of DAI, CMDI, HS and the contents in IL-7, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ when compared with the model group. It improved the degree of colonic lesion in ulcerative colitis mice. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that olsalazine has a therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the increase of IL-2, IL-10, IL-22, TGF, and EGF and the decrease of the expression of IL-7, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yong Yu
- Wenshan University – College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy – Yunnan – China
| | - Yu-Sheng Xu
- Hunan Agricultural University – Agricultural School – Hunan – China
| | - Miao Tang
- Dali University – Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D – Yunnan – China
| | - Wen-Feng Xin
- Wenshan University – College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy – Yunnan – China
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3
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Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schiöth HB. Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:506-551. [PMID: 35710135 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylcarnitines are fatty acid metabolites that play important roles in many cellular energy metabolism pathways. They have historically been used as important diagnostic markers for inborn errors of fatty acid oxidation and are being intensively studied as markers of energy metabolism, deficits in mitochondrial and peroxisomal β -oxidation activity, insulin resistance, and physical activity. Acylcarnitines are increasingly being identified as important indicators in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, neurologic disorders, and certain cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug L-carnitine, along with short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine), is now widely used as a dietary supplement. In light of their growing importance, we have undertaken an extensive review of acylcarnitines and provided a detailed description of their identity, nomenclature, classification, biochemistry, pathophysiology, supplementary use, potential drug targets, and clinical trials. We also summarize these updates in the Human Metabolome Database, which now includes information on the structures, chemical formulae, chemical/spectral properties, descriptions, and pathways for 1240 acylcarnitines. This work lays a solid foundation for identifying, characterizing, and understanding acylcarnitines in human biosamples. We also discuss the emerging opportunities for using acylcarnitines as biomarkers and as dietary interventions or supplements for many wide-ranging indications. The opportunity to identify new drug targets involved in controlling acylcarnitine levels is also discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides a comprehensive overview of acylcarnitines, including their nomenclature, structure and biochemistry, and use as disease biomarkers and pharmaceutical agents. We present updated information contained in the Human Metabolome Database website as well as substantial mapping of the known biochemical pathways associated with acylcarnitines, thereby providing a strong foundation for further clarification of their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Janis Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Didi Nordberg
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Zumrut Duygu Sen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - An Chi Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Eponine Oler
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Siyang Tian
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - David S Wishart
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
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4
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Tang T, Zhang P, Li S, Xu D, Li W, Tian Y, Jiao Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Absolute Quantification of Acylcarnitines Using Integrated Tmt-PP Derivatization-Based LC-MS/MS and Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Components by a Single Marker Strategy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12973-12980. [PMID: 34529423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines (ACs) play important roles in the fatty acid β-oxidation and are considered as diagnostic markers for many diseases. Accurate determination of ACs remains challenging due to their low abundance, high structure diversity, and limited availability of standard compounds. In this study, microwave-assisted Tmt-PP (p-[3,5-(dimethylamino)-2,4,6-triazine] benzene-1-sulfonyl piperazine) derivatization was utilized to facilitate the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of ACs. The result indicated that Tmt-PP labeling enables the prediction of the retention time and MS response of ACs and enhances their MS response up to 4 times. The introduction of the microwave during the derivatization procedure greatly improved the reaction efficiency, demonstrated by the shortened reaction time from 90 to 1 min. Furthermore, we applied a strategy named quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) for the assay of 26 ACs with only 5 AC standards, solving the standard availability issue to a large extent. The established workflow was applied to discover dysregulated ACs in xenograft colon cancer mice, and the quantification results were highly comparable with traditional methods where there were the corresponding standards for each AC. Our study demonstrated that chemical derivatization-based LC-MS/MS integrated with the QAMS strategy is robust for the identification and quantification of ACs and has great potential in targeted metabolomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Doudou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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5
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Eskandrani AA. Effect of supplementing fava bean ( Vicia faba L.) on ulcerative colitis and colonic mucosal DNA content in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3497-3504. [PMID: 34121890 PMCID: PMC8176050 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with high morbidity. Acetic acid-induced damage of colonic mucosa in rats is a commonly used experimental animal model of UC. This research aimed to explore for the first time the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation with fava bean on the incidence of UC in rats fed with sucrose containing diet. Rats were divided into five groups as follows: G1, control healthy rats; G2, colitic rats; G3, colitic rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose, G4, healthy rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose and G5, colitic rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose supplemented with dried ground fava bean. Colonic injury and inflammation were evaluated through a disturbance of oxidative biomarkers, a significant increase in inflammatory biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines, and histological abnormalities in colonic tissues accompanied by colonic mucosal DNA damage. Colitic rats fed on sucrose containing diet demonstrated additional histological, biochemical, and DNA alterations in colonic mucosa of rats. Dietary supplementation with dried ground fava bean significantly corrected the impaired oxidative and inflammatory biomarker levels and modulated histological features and DNA alterations. Finally, fava bean attenuated the oxidative damage and colonic injury induced by acetic acid, which confirmed its high anti-oxidant and anti-incendiary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Dziąbowska-Grabias K, Sztanke M, Zając P, Celejewski M, Kurek K, Szkutnicki S, Korga P, Bulikowski W, Sztanke K. Antioxidant Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030412. [PMID: 33803138 PMCID: PMC8000291 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, incurable diseases of the digestive tract, the etiology of which remains unclear to this day. IBD result in significant repercussions on the quality of patients’ life. There is a continuous increase in the incidence and prevalence of IBD worldwide, and it is becoming a significant public health burden. Pharmaceuticals commonly used in IBD management, for example, mesalamine, sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, and others, expose patients to diverse, potentially detrimental side effects and frequently do not provide sufficient disease control. The chronic inflammation underlies the etiology of IBD and closely associates with oxidative/nitrosative stress and a vast generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Relative to this, several substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are now intensively researched as possible adjunctive or independent treatment options in IBD. Representatives of several different groups, including natural and chemical compounds will be characterized in this dissertation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dziąbowska-Grabias
- Department of Gastroenterology, 1st Military Research Hospital, and Polyclinic of Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.-G.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Sztanke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-486-195
| | - Przemysław Zając
- Department of Gastroenterology, 1st Military Research Hospital, and Polyclinic of Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.-G.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Celejewski
- Department of Gastroenterology, 1st Military Research Hospital, and Polyclinic of Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.-G.); (P.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Kurek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology, and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanisław Szkutnicki
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology, and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Patryk Korga
- Department of Gastroenterology, 10ft Military Research Hospital, and Polyclinic of Bydgoszcz, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | | | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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Shin DW, Lim BO. Nutritional Interventions Using Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals to Improve Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Food 2020; 23:1136-1145. [PMID: 33047999 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract, the second largest organ in the body, plays an important role in nutrient and mineral intake through the intestinal barrier. Dysfunction of intestinal permeability and related disorders commonly occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of the health problems in the Western societies that are considered to be mainly due to the Western diet. Although the exact etiology of IBD has not been elucidated, environmental and genetic factors may be involved in its pathogenesis. Many synthetic or biological drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory drugs, have been used clinically to treat IBD. However, their long-term use exhibits some adverse health consequences. Therefore, many researchers have devised alternative therapies to overcome this problem. Many studies have revealed that some functional nutrients in nature can relieve gastrointestinal inflammation by controlling proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we review the ability of functional nutraceuticals such as phytochemicals, fatty acids, and bioactive peptides in improving IBD by regulating its underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.,Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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8
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Pan LL, Ren Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Pan X, Fang X, Liang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Sun J. A novel danshensu derivative ameliorates experimental colitis by modulating NADPH oxidase 4-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12955-12969. [PMID: 32945118 PMCID: PMC7701520 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a novel compound [4‐(2‐acetoxy‐3‐((R)‐3‐(benzylthio)‐1‐methoxy‐1‐oxopropan‐2‐ylamino)‐3‐oxopropyl)‐1,2‐phenylene diacetate (DSC)], derived from danshensu, exhibits cytoprotective activities in vitro. Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of DSC on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced experimental colitis. We found that DSC treatment afforded significant protection against the development of colitis, evidencing by suppressed inflammatory responses and enhanced barrier integrity. Intriguingly, DSC specifically down‐regulated DSS‐induced colonic NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, accompanied by a balanced redox status, suppressed nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and up‐regulated nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 and haeme oxygenase‐1 expression. In vitro study also demonstrated DSC also markedly decreased Nox4 expression and activity associated with inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, NF‐κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Either lentiviral Nox4 shRNA‐mediated Nox4 knockdown or Nox4‐specific small‐interfering RNA mimicked effects of DSC by suppressing NLPR3 inflammasome activation to alleviate experimental colitis or inflammatory macrophage response. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence that DSC ameliorates experimental colitis partly through modulating Nox4‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengnan Ren
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenjie Liang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of General Surgery and Public Health Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Multiomic blood correlates of genetic risk identify presymptomatic disease alterations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21813-21820. [PMID: 32817414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001429117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitions from health to disease are characterized by dysregulation of biological networks under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, often over the course of years to decades before clinical symptoms appear. Understanding these dynamics has important implications for preventive medicine. However, progress has been hindered both by the difficulty of identifying individuals who will eventually go on to develop a particular disease and by the inaccessibility of most disease-relevant tissues in living individuals. Here we developed an alternative approach using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 54 diseases and complex traits coupled with multiomic profiling and found that these PRSs were associated with 766 detectable alterations in proteomic, metabolomic, and standard clinical laboratory measurements (clinical labs) from blood plasma across several thousand mostly healthy individuals. We recapitulated a variety of known relationships (e.g., glutamatergic neurotransmission and inflammation with depression, IL-33 with asthma) and found associations directly suggesting therapeutic strategies (e.g., Ω-6 supplementation and IL-13 inhibition for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and influences on longevity (leukemia inhibitory factor, ceramides). Analytes altered in high-genetic-risk individuals showed concordant changes in disease cases, supporting the notion that PRS-associated analytes represent presymptomatic disease alterations. Our results provide insights into the molecular pathophysiology of a range of traits and suggest avenues for the prevention of health-to-disease transitions.
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10
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Borren NZ, Plichta D, Joshi AD, Bonilla G, Sadreyev R, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Ananthakrishnan AN. Multi-"-Omics" Profiling in Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identifies Biomarkers Predicting Relapse. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1524-1532. [PMID: 32766830 PMCID: PMC7500522 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by intermittent relapses, and their course is heterogeneous and unpredictable. Our aim was to determine the ability of protein, metabolite, or microbial biomarkers to predict relapse in patients with quiescent disease. METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients with quiescent Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms (Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≤ 4, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index ≤ 2) and endoscopic remission within the prior year. The primary outcome was relapse within 2 years, defined as symptomatic worsening accompanied by elevated inflammatory markers resulting in a change in therapy or IBD-related hospitalization or surgery. Biomarkers were tested in a derivation cohort, and their performance was examined in an independent validation cohort. RESULTS Our prospective cohort study included 164 patients with IBD (108 with Crohn disease, 56 with ulcerative colitis). Upon follow-up for a median of 1 year, 22 patients (13.4%) experienced a relapse. Three protein biomarkers (interleukin-10, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) and 4 metabolomic markers (propionyl-L-carnitine, carnitine, sarcosine, and sorbitol) were associated with relapse in multivariable models. Proteomic and metabolomic risk scores independently predicted relapse with a combined area under the curve of 0.83. A high proteomic risk score (odds ratio = 9.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.90-43.61) or metabolomic risk score (odds ratio = 5.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-27.11) independently predicted a higher risk of relapse over 2 years. Fecal metagenomics showed an increased abundance of Proteobacteria (P = 0.0019, q = 0.019) and Fusobacteria (P = 0.0040, q = 0.020) and at the species level Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_2_1_58FAA (P = 0.000008, q = 0.0009) among the relapses. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic, metabolomic, and microbial biomarkers identify a proinflammatory state in quiescent IBD that predisposes to clinical relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Z Borren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Damian Plichta
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gracia Bonilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Address correspondence to: Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, MD, MPH, Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn’s and Colitis Center, 165 Cambridge Street, 9 Floor, Boston, MA 02114 ()
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11
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Kamalian A, Sohrabi Asl M, Dolatshahi M, Afshari K, Shamshiri S, Momeni Roudsari N, Momtaz S, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M, Abdolghaffari AH. Interventions of natural and synthetic agents in inflammatory bowel disease, modulation of nitric oxide pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3365-3400. [PMID: 32655263 PMCID: PMC7327787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and affected tissues; mainly synthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme; can exacerbate GI inflammation and is one of the major biomarkers of GI inflammation. Various natural and synthetic agents are able to ameliorate GI inflammation and decrease iNOS expression to the extent comparable with some IBD drugs. Thereby, the purpose of this study was to gather a list of natural or synthetic mediators capable of modulating IBD through the NO pathway. Electronic databases including Google Scholar and PubMed were searched from 1980 to May 2018. We found that polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are able to markedly attenuate NO production and iNOS expression through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Prebiotics and probiotics can also alter the GI microbiota and reduce NO expression in IBD models through a broad array of mechanisms. A number of synthetic molecules have been found to suppress NO expression either dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway (i.e., dexamethasone, pioglitazone, tropisetron) or independent from this pathway (i.e., nicotine, prednisolone, celecoxib, β-adrenoceptor antagonists). Co-administration of natural and synthetic agents can affect the tissue level of NO and may improve IBD symptoms mainly by modulating the Toll like receptor-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kamalian
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Masoud Sohrabi Asl
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shiva Shamshiri
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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12
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Dietary Walnut Supplementation Alters Mucosal Metabolite Profiles During DSS-Induced Colonic Ulceration. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051118. [PMID: 31137456 PMCID: PMC6566840 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts contain a complex array of natural compounds and phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of health benefits, including protection against inflammation and colon cancer. In this study, we assess the effects of dietary supplementation with walnuts on colonic mucosal injury induced in mice by the ulcerogenic agent, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). C57Bl/6J mice were started on the Total Western Diet supplemented with freshly-ground whole walnuts (0, 3.5, 7 and 14% g/kg) 2 weeks prior to a 5-day DSS treatment and walnut diets were continued throughout the entire experimental period. Mice were examined at 2 days or 10 days after withdrawal of DSS. In a separate study, a discovery-based metabolite profiling analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on fecal samples and colonic mucosa following two weeks of walnut supplementation. Dietary walnut supplementation showed significant effects in the 10-day post-DSS recovery-phase study, in which the extent of ulceration was significantly reduced (7.5% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.05) with 14% walnuts. In the metabolite-profiling analysis, walnuts caused a significant increase in several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 9-oxo-10(E),12(E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxoODA), as well as kynurenic acid. In colon tissue samples, walnuts caused a significant increase in the levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and betaine, important components of fatty acid β-oxidation. These metabolite changes may contribute in part to the observed protection against DSS-induced inflammatory tissue injury.
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13
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Bernardini R, Varvaras D, D'Amico F, Bielli A, Scioli MG, Coniglione F, Rossi P, Buonomo OC, Petrella G, Mattei M, Orlandi A. Biological acellular pericardial mesh regulated tissue integration and remodeling in a rat model of breast prosthetic implantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:577-590. [PMID: 31094057 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological meshes has proven beneficial in surgical restriction and periprosthetic capsular contracture following breast prosthetic-reconstruction. Three different types (smooth, texturized, and polyurethane) of silicone round mini prostheses were implanted under rat skin with or without two different bovine acellular pericardial biological meshes (APMs, BioRipar, and Tutomesh). One hundred eighty-six female rats were divided into 12 groups, sacrificed after 3, 6, and 24 weeks and tissue samples investigated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Implantation of both APMs, with or without prostheses, reduced capsular α-SMA expression and CD3+ inflammatory cell infiltration, increasing capillary density and cell proliferation, with some differences. In particular, Tutomesh was associated with higher peri-APM CD3+ inflammation, prosthetic capsular dermal α-SMA expression and less CD31+ vessels and cell proliferation compared with BioRipar. None differences were observed in tissue integration and remodeling following the APM + prostheses implantation; the different prostheses did not influence tissue remodeling. The aim of our study was to investigate if/how the use of different APMs, with peculiar intrinsic characteristics, may influence tissue integration. The structure of APMs critically influenced tissue remodeling after implantation. Further studies are needed to develop new APMs able to optimize tissue integration and neoangiogenesis minimizing periprosthetic inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernardini
- Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Varvaras
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico D'Amico
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bielli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Filadelfo Coniglione
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste C Buonomo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petrella
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
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14
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De Angelis B, Orlandi F, Morais D'Autilio MFL, Di Segni C, Scioli MG, Orlandi A, Cervelli V, Gentile P. Vasculogenic Chronic Ulcer: Tissue Regeneration with an Innovative Dermal Substitute. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E525. [PMID: 30999579 PMCID: PMC6518262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The healing of venous and arterial ulcers is slow, and in some cases, they may not heal at all. This study aims to demonstrate the clinical advantage of Nevelia®, an innovative collagen dermal template substitute (DS) in venous and arterial chronic ulcers treatment. 35 patients affected by chronic vascular ulcers with a mean area of 35.1 ± 31.8 cm2 were treated with DS followed by autologous dermal epidermal graft (DEG). Follow-up was performed at 7-14-21 and 28 days after DS implant and 7-14-21 and 28 days after DEG. At 28 days after DEG, the mean values of Manchester Scar Scale was of 1.8 ± 0.7 for skin color, 1.6 ± 0.7 for skin contour, 1.7 ± 0.7 for distortion, and 1.7 ± 0.7 for skin texture, whereas skin was matte in 27 patients (77%) and shiny in the remaining eight cases (23%). Histological findings correlate with the clinical result showing a regenerated skin with reactive epidermal hyperplasia and dermal granulation tissue after two weeks (T1), and after three weeks (T2) a re-epithelialization and a formed new tissue architecture analogue to normal skin physiology. These data suggest that Nevelia® could be useful to treat chronic venous and arterial ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Angelis
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Orlandi
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Di Segni
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Pathologic Anatomy Institute, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Pathologic Anatomy Institute, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Department of Surgical Science, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Metabolic response of longitudinal muscles to acute hypoxia in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka): A metabolome integrated analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Ismaeel A, Brumberg RS, Kirk JS, Papoutsi E, Farmer PJ, Bohannon WT, Smith RS, Eidson JL, Sawicki I, Koutakis P. Oxidative Stress and Arterial Dysfunction in Peripheral Artery Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100145. [PMID: 30347720 PMCID: PMC6210426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease characterized by a narrowing of the arteries in the lower extremities. Disease manifestations are the result of more than just reduced blood flow, and include endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that these factors lead to functional impairment and decline in PAD patients. Oxidative stress also plays an important role in the disease, and a growing amount of data suggest a link between arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In this review, we present the current evidence for the involvement of endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and inflammation in the pathophysiology of PAD. We also discuss the links between these factors and oxidative stress, with a focus on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Finally, the potential therapeutic role of NOX2 antioxidants for improving arterial function and functional status in PAD patients is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
| | - Robert S Brumberg
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Associates, Florida State University School of Medicine, Tallahassee Memorial Hospital, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Capital Regional Medical Center, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
| | - Patrick J Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - William T Bohannon
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Jack L Eidson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Ian Sawicki
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA.
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17
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Mijan MA, Lim BO. Diets, functional foods, and nutraceuticals as alternative therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Present status and future trends. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2673-2685. [PMID: 29991873 PMCID: PMC6034142 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious health concern among western societies. The disease is also on the rise in some East Asian countries and in Australia. Health professionals and dietitians around the world are facing an unprecedented challenge to prevent and control the increasing prevalence of IBD. The current therapeutic strategy that includes drugs and biological treatments is inefficient and are associated with adverse health consequences. In this context, the use of natural products is gaining worldwide attention. In vivo studies and clinical evidence suggest that well-planned dietary regimens with specific nutrients can alleviate gastrointestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10. Alternatively, the avoidance of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets is regarded as an effective tool to eliminate the causes of IBD. Many functional foods and bioactive components have received attention for showing strong therapeutic effects against IBD. Both animal and human studies suggest that bioactive functional foods can ameliorate IBD by downregulating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor κB, STAT1, STAT6, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and interferon γ. Therefore, functional foods and diets have the potential to alleviate IBD by modulating the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Future comprehensive studies are needed to corroborate the potential roles of functional foods and diets in the prevention and control of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Mijan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
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18
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De Angelis B, Orlandi F, Fernandes Lopes Morais D’Autilio M, Scioli MG, Orlandi A, Cervelli V, Gentile P. Long-term follow-up comparison of two different bi-layer dermal substitutes in tissue regeneration: Clinical outcomes and histological findings. Int Wound J 2018; 15:695-706. [PMID: 29590523 PMCID: PMC7949690 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double layer dermal substitute (DS) consist of a 3‐dimensional collagen structures and a superficial silicon layer that are positioned within the defect provide to promote tissue regeneration in skin wounds. DS often have unique physical characteristics due to differences in manufacturing techniques. The aim of this study is the clinical and histological comparison of Nevelia and Integra double layer DSs in patients with post‐traumatic injury wounds. Thirty patients with post‐traumatic wounds localised on the inferior limbs were randomised in 2 groups Nevelia or Integra, followed by autologous dermal epidermal graft (DEG). Clinical results were evaluated through the healing time; Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 2, and 3 weeks and after 1 and 3 years. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation were performed at 0, 2, and 3 weeks. The difference in healing time between groups (P = .467, log‐rank test), pain and self‐estimation was not statistically significant after 35, 42, and 49 days and at 1‐year follow up. Histological data showed evident healing of wound after 2 weeks compared with preoperative with both DSs. At 3 weeks reepithelialisation and dermal regeneration were evident with both substitutes; however Nevelia showed early regenerative properties in terms of epidermal proliferation and dermal renewal compared with Integra. Nevelia showed also a more evident angiogenesis vs Integra evaluated as α‐SMA immunohistochemistry. Differences in the MSS score were statistically significant at 3 years follow up in favour of Nevelia group (P = .001). At long‐term follow up, Nevelia showed a better clinical outcome measured as MSS score vs Integra measured as MSS. Histological and immunohistochemistry data showed that Nevelia allows faster neoangiogenesis and tissue regeneration with neoformed tissue architecture closer to the physiology of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Angelis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- PhD Regenerative Surgery Department; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Fabrizio Orlandi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- PhD Regenerative Surgery Department; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Margarida Fernandes Lopes Morais D’Autilio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- PhD Regenerative Surgery Department; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Maria G Scioli
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
- PhD Regenerative Surgery Department; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
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19
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l -Carnitine ameliorates the oxidative stress response to angiotensin II by modulating NADPH oxidase through a reduction in protein kinase c activity and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Food Chem 2017; 228:356-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Tian T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4535194. [PMID: 28744337 PMCID: PMC5506473 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease whose incidence has risen worldwide in recent years. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. This review highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the involvement of oxidative stress signaling in the initiation and progression of IBD and its relationships with genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD that target oxidative stress signaling are reviewed and discussed. Though substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of oxidative stress in IBD in humans and experimental animals, the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Thus, further studies are needed to validate how oxidative stress signaling is involved in and contributes to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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21
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Peloquin JM, Goel G, Kong L, Huang H, Haritunians T, Sartor RB, Daly MJ, Newberry RD, McGovern DP, Yajnik V, Lira SA, Xavier RJ. Characterization of candidate genes in inflammatory bowel disease-associated risk loci. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87899. [PMID: 27668286 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS have linked SNPs to risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but a systematic characterization of disease-associated genes has been lacking. Prior studies utilized microarrays that did not capture many genes encoded within risk loci or defined expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) using peripheral blood, which is not the target tissue in IBD. To address these gaps, we sought to characterize the expression of IBD-associated risk genes in disease-relevant tissues and in the setting of active IBD. Terminal ileal (TI) and colonic mucosal tissues were obtained from patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and from healthy controls. We developed a NanoString code set to profile 678 genes within IBD risk loci. A subset of patients and controls were genotyped for IBD-associated risk SNPs. Analyses included differential expression and variance analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and eQTL analysis. We identified 116 genes that discriminate between healthy TI and colon samples and uncovered patterns in variance of gene expression that highlight heterogeneity of disease. We identified 107 coexpressed gene pairs for which transcriptional regulation is either conserved or reversed in an inflammation-independent or -dependent manner. We demonstrate that on average approximately 60% of disease-associated genes are differentially expressed in inflamed tissue. Last, we identified eQTLs with either genotype-only effects on expression or an interaction effect between genotype and inflammation. Our data reinforce tissue specificity of expression in disease-associated candidate genes, highlight genes and gene pairs that are regulated in disease-relevant tissue and inflammation, and provide a foundation to advance the understanding of IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Peloquin
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
| | - Gautam Goel
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dermot P McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Bielli A, Scioli MG, Mazzaglia D, Doldo E, Orlandi A. Antioxidants and vascular health. Life Sci 2015; 143:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? Redox Biol 2015; 6:617-639. [PMID: 26520808 PMCID: PMC4637335 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the etiologic factors involved in several signals and symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that include diarrhea, toxic megacolon and abdominal pain. This systematic review discusses approaches, challenges and perspectives into the use of nontraditional antioxidant therapy on IBD, including natural and synthetic compounds in both human and animal models. One hundred and thirty four papers were identified, of which only four were evaluated in humans. Some of the challenges identified in this review can shed light on this fact: lack of standardization of OS biomarkers, absence of safety data and clinical trials for the chemicals and biological molecules, as well as the fact that most of the compounds were not repeatedly tested in several situations, including acute and chronic colitis. This review hopes to stimulate researchers to become more involved in this fruitful area, to warrant investigation of novel, alternative and efficacious antioxidant-based therapies. Major biomarkers used for evaluation of antioxidant therapy were MPO, TBARS/MDA and glutathione levels. Challenges were identified for the yet poor use of antioxidant therapy in IBD. This review stimulates the investigation of alternative and efficacious antioxidant therapies.
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24
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Propionyl-L-Carnitine Enhances Wound Healing and Counteracts Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140697. [PMID: 26473356 PMCID: PMC4608702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing represents a high cost for health care systems. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes dermal microangiopathy and contributes to delayed wound healing and chronic ulcers. Endothelial dysfunction impairs cutaneous microvascular blood flow by inducing an imbalance between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction as a consequence of reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is a natural derivative of carnitine that has been reported to ameliorate post-ischemic blood flow recovery. Methods and Results We investigated the effects of PLC in rat skin flap and cutaneous wound healing. A daily oral PLC treatment improved skin flap viability and associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO up-regulation, accelerated wound healing and increased capillary density, likely favoring dermal angiogenesis by up-regulation for iNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and reduction of NADPH-oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression. In serum-deprived human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures, PLC ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by increasing iNOS, PlGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 expression and NO level. In addition, PLC counteracted serum deprivation-induced impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation, Nox4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, ROS generation and leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, dermal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction was prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Interestingly, inhibition of β-oxidation counteracted the beneficial effects of PLC on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion PLC treatment improved rat skin flap viability, accelerated wound healing and dermal angiogenesis. The beneficial effects of PLC likely derived from improvement of mitochondrial β-oxidation and reduction of Nox4-mediated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapy and pharmacological targeting of endothelial dysfunction may represent a promising tool for the treatment of delayed wound healing or chronic ulcers.
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25
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Ercan U, Kiraz A, Çikman Ö, Türkön H, Kilinç N, Otkun MT, Özkan ÖF, Kiraz HA, Karaayvaz M. The Effect of Systemic Carnitine Administration on Colon Anastomosis Healing in an Experimental Sepsis Model. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:334-40. [PMID: 26270147 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1029652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine, with its known antioxidant properties and positive effects on wound healing, on the healing of colon anastomosis in a cecal ligation and puncture sepsis model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (n = 10). Groups 1 and 2 had laparotomy and colon anastomosis performed. Groups 3 and 4 had cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and colon anastomosis performed. Rats in Groups 1 and 3 were given 15 mL/kg intraperitoneal 0.9% isotonic NaCl, while the rats in Groups 2 and 4 were given 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal L-carnitine. On the postoperative fifth day, the rats were sacrificed and the burst pressure of anastomosis, histopathological effects, and tissue hydroxyproline levels were investigated. RESULTS In Groups 2 and 4, the anastomosis burst pressure and histopathological results in both noninfected abdomen and presence of peritonitis were statistically high compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Though the hydroxyproline levels were also high, there was no statistically significant difference for this parameter (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained from the experimental sepsis model showed that healing of anastomosis in both the presence of peritonitis and noninfected abdomen was positively affected by the systemic administration of L-carnitine and this may contribute to the safety of anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Ercan
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kiraz
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Öztekin Çikman
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Türkön
- c Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Nihal Kilinç
- d Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Müşerref Tatman Otkun
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özkan
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Kiraz
- e Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Muammer Karaayvaz
- a Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
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26
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Frye RE, Rose S, Slattery J, MacFabe DF. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: the role of the mitochondria and the enteric microbiome. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2015; 26:27458. [PMID: 25956238 PMCID: PMC4425813 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v26.27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects a significant number of individuals worldwide with the prevalence continuing to grow. It is becoming clear that a large subgroup of individuals with ASD demonstrate abnormalities in mitochondrial function as well as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Interestingly, GI disturbances are common in individuals with mitochondrial disorders and have been reported to be highly prevalent in individuals with co-occurring ASD and mitochondrial disease. The majority of individuals with ASD and mitochondrial disorders do not manifest a primary genetic mutation, raising the possibility that their mitochondrial disorder is acquired or, at least, results from a combination of genetic susceptibility interacting with a wide range of environmental triggers. Mitochondria are very sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous environmental stressors such as toxicants, iatrogenic medications, immune activation, and metabolic disturbances. Many of these same environmental stressors have been associated with ASD, suggesting that the mitochondria could be the biological link between environmental stressors and neurometabolic abnormalities associated with ASD. This paper reviews the possible links between GI abnormalities, mitochondria, and ASD. First, we review the link between GI symptoms and abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Second, we review the evidence supporting the notion that environmental stressors linked to ASD can also adversely affect both mitochondria and GI function. Third, we review the evidence that enteric bacteria that are overrepresented in children with ASD, particularly Clostridia spp., produce short-chain fatty acid metabolites that are potentially toxic to the mitochondria. We provide an example of this gut–brain connection by highlighting the propionic acid rodent model of ASD and the clinical evidence that supports this animal model. Lastly, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches that could be helpful for GI symptoms in ASD and mitochondrial disorders. To this end, this review aims to help better understand the underlying pathophysiology associated with ASD that may be related to concurrent mitochondrial and GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA;
| | - Shannon Rose
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John Slattery
- Autism Research Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Derrick F MacFabe
- Kilee Patchell-Evans Autism Research Group, Division of Developmental Disabilities, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Scioli MG, Bielli A, Agostinelli S, Tarquini C, Arcuri G, Ferlosio A, Costanza G, Doldo E, Orlandi A. Antioxidant treatment prevents serum deprivation- and TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction through the inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 and the restoration of β-oxidation. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:327-37. [PMID: 25401479 DOI: 10.1159/000365926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the impaired endothelial function occurring in vascular diseases. Antioxidant strategies induce a clinical advantage in patients with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and protect from oxidative damage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects and mechanisms of action of antioxidant regimens on endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Antioxidant efficacy of N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid and propionyl-L-carnitine was evaluated in serum-deprived and TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression was evaluated by blot and real-time PCR, and inflammatory cytokine secretion was evaluated by ELISA; leukocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species assays and NADPH oxidase 4 isoform (Nox4) expression analyses by blots were also performed. Antioxidant pretreatment restored serum-deprived and TNF-α-induced impaired mitochondrial β-oxidation by reducing flavin adenine dinucleotide level and counteracting increased CAM and Nox4 expression, leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Specific inhibition by plumbagin and siNox4 prevented TNF-α- and serum deprivation-induced detrimental effects, confirming that endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation were Nox4 dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our findings documented Nox4 as a main actor in oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and further clarify the molecular basis of antioxidant treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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