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Padrón‐Monedero A. A pathological convergence theory for non-communicable diseases. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:328-337. [PMID: 38239708 PMCID: PMC10792334 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm considers the study of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are the main causes of mortality, as individual disorders. Nevertheless, this conception is being solidly challenged by numerous remarkable studies. The clear fact that the mortality, by virtually all NCDs, tends to cluster at old ages (with the exception of congenital malformations and certain types of cancer, among a few others); makes us intuitive to assume that the common convergence mechanism that exponentially increases mortality by almost all NCDs in older ages is cell aging. Moreover, when we study NCDs, we are not analyzing which disorders cause the mortality of the populations, rather that which disorders kill us before others do, because the aging of the individuals causes inevitably their death by one cause or another. This is not a defeatist perspective, but a challenging and efficient one. These intuitive assumptions have been supported by studies from the pathophysiologic, epidemiologic, and genetic fields, leading to the affirmation that, as NCDs share genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms (derived from mostly the same risk factors), they should no longer be considered independently. Those studies should make us reconsider our current conceptions of studying NCDs as individual disorders, and to hypothesize about a paradigm that would consider most NCDs (cancer, neurological pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, among others) different manifestations of the same process: the cell aging.
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Mohanta SK, Sun T, Lu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yin C, Weber C, Habenicht AJR. The Impact of the Nervous System on Arteries and the Heart: The Neuroimmune Cardiovascular Circuit Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:2485. [PMID: 37887328 PMCID: PMC10605509 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three systemic biological systems, i.e., the nervous, the immune, and the cardiovascular systems, form a mutually responsive and forward-acting tissue network to regulate acute and chronic cardiovascular function in health and disease. Two sub-circuits within the cardiovascular system have been described, the artery brain circuit (ABC) and the heart brain circuit (HBC), forming a large cardiovascular brain circuit (CBC). Likewise, the nervous system consists of the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system with their functional distinct sensory and effector arms. Moreover, the immune system with its constituents, i.e., the innate and the adaptive immune systems, interact with the CBC and the nervous system at multiple levels. As understanding the structure and inner workings of the CBC gains momentum, it becomes evident that further research into the CBC may lead to unprecedented classes of therapies to treat cardiovascular diseases as multiple new biologically active molecules are being discovered that likely affect cardiovascular disease progression. Here, we weigh the merits of integrating these recent observations in cardiovascular neurobiology into previous views of cardiovascular disease pathogeneses. These considerations lead us to propose the Neuroimmune Cardiovascular Circuit Hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarajo K. Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Easemedcontrol R&D, Schraudolphstraße 5, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Shu Lu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Easemedcontrol R&D, Schraudolphstraße 5, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J. R. Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (T.S.); (S.L.); (Z.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Y.); (C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Easemedcontrol R&D, Schraudolphstraße 5, 80799 Munich, Germany
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3
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Zhang YM, Qi YB, Gao YN, Chen WG, Zhou T, Zang Y, Li J. Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1217451. [PMID: 37732313 PMCID: PMC10507181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1217451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated as the primary cause of neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Although the metabolic functionalities of astrocytes are well known, their relationship to neurological disorders is poorly understood. The ways in which astrocytes regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids have all been implicated in neurological diseases. Metabolism in astrocytes has also exhibited a significant influence on neuron functionality and the brain's neuro-network. In this review, we focused on metabolic processes present in astrocytes, most notably the glucose metabolic pathway, the fatty acid metabolic pathway, and the amino-acid metabolic pathway. For glucose metabolism, we focused on the glycolysis pathway, pentose-phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In fatty acid metabolism, we followed fatty acid oxidation, ketone body metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. For amino acid metabolism, we summarized neurotransmitter metabolism and the serine and kynurenine metabolic pathways. This review will provide an overview of functional changes in astrocyte metabolism and provide an overall perspective of current treatment and therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-mei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-bei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-nan Gao
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-gang Chen
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Wagner JUG, Tombor LS, Malacarne PF, Kettenhausen LM, Panthel J, Kujundzic H, Manickam N, Schmitz K, Cipca M, Stilz KA, Fischer A, Muhly-Reinholz M, Abplanalp WT, John D, Mohanta SK, Weber C, Habenicht AJR, Buchmann GK, Angendohr S, Amin E, Scherschel K, Klöcker N, Kelm M, Schüttler D, Clauss S, Günther S, Boettger T, Braun T, Bär C, Pham MD, Krishnan J, Hille S, Müller OJ, Bozoglu T, Kupatt C, Nardini E, Osmanagic-Myers S, Meyer C, Zeiher AM, Brandes RP, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Aging impairs the neurovascular interface in the heart. Science 2023; 381:897-906. [PMID: 37616346 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for impaired cardiovascular health. Because the aging myocardium is characterized by microcirculatory dysfunction, and because nerves align with vessels, we assessed the impact of aging on the cardiac neurovascular interface. We report that aging reduces nerve density in the ventricle and dysregulates vascular-derived neuroregulatory genes. Aging down-regulates microRNA 145 (miR-145) and derepresses the neurorepulsive factor semaphorin-3A. miR-145 deletion, which increased Sema3a expression or endothelial Sema3a overexpression, reduced axon density, mimicking the aged-heart phenotype. Removal of senescent cells, which accumulated with chronological age in parallel to the decline in nerve density, rescued age-induced denervation, reversed Sema3a expression, preserved heart rate patterns, and reduced electrical instability. These data suggest that senescence-mediated regulation of nerve density contributes to age-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian U G Wagner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lukas S Tombor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maria Kettenhausen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josefine Panthel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Haris Kujundzic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Cipca
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kathrin A Stilz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marion Muhly-Reinholz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wesley T Abplanalp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia K Buchmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Angendohr
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care, EVK Düsseldorf, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, 40217 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Centre for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Minh-Duc Pham
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Genome Biologics, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 80802 Munich, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, University Clinic rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Eleonora Nardini
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Osmanagic-Myers
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Meyer
- Division of Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care, EVK Düsseldorf, cNEP, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium, 40217 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Abstract
The cardiovascular system is hardwired to the brain via multilayered afferent and efferent polysynaptic axonal connections. Two major anatomically and functionally distinct though closely interacting subcircuits within the cardiovascular system have recently been defined: The artery-brain circuit and the heart-brain circuit. However, how the nervous system impacts cardiovascular disease progression remains poorly understood. Here, we review recent findings on the anatomy, structures, and inner workings of the lesser-known artery-brain circuit and the better-established heart-brain circuit. We explore the evidence that signals from arteries or the heart form a systemic and finely tuned cardiovascular brain circuit: afferent inputs originating in the arterial tree or the heart are conveyed to distinct sensory neurons in the brain. There, primary integration centers act as hubs that receive and integrate artery-brain circuit-derived and heart-brain circuit-derived signals and process them together with axonal connections and humoral cues from distant brain regions. To conclude the cardiovascular brain circuit, integration centers transmit the constantly modified signals to efferent neurons which transfer them back to the cardiovascular system. Importantly, primary integration centers are wired to and receive information from secondary brain centers that control a wide variety of brain traits encoded in engrams including immune memory, stress-regulating hormone release, pain, reward, emotions, and even motivated types of behavior. Finally, we explore the important possibility that brain effector neurons in the cardiovascular brain circuit network connect efferent signals to other peripheral organs including the immune system, the gut, the liver, and adipose tissue. The enormous recent progress vis-à-vis the cardiovascular brain circuit allows us to propose a novel neurobiology-centered cardiovascular disease hypothesis that we term the neuroimmune cardiovascular circuit hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (S.K.M., C.Y., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (S.K.M., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (S.K.M., C.Y., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (C.Y.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (S.K.M., C.Y., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (S.K.M., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Cristina Godinho-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal (C.G.-S., H.V.-F.)
| | | | - Qian J Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Q.J.X., R.B.C.)
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Q.J.X., R.B.C.)
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany (S.K.M., C.Y., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (S.K.M., C.W., A.J.R.H.)
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7
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Pirzgalska RM, Veiga-Fernandes H. Type 2 neuroimmune circuits in the shaping of physiology. Immunity 2023; 56:695-703. [PMID: 37044060 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses drive a broad range of biological processes including defense from large parasites, immunity to allergens, and non-immunity-related functions, such as metabolism and tissue homeostasis. The symptoms provoked by type 2 immunity, such as vomiting, coughing or itching, encompass nervous system triggering. Here, we review recent findings that place type 2 neuroimmune circuits at the center stage of immunity at barrier surfaces. We emphasize the homeostatic functions of these circuitries and how deregulation may drive pathology and impact disease outcomes, including in the context of cancer. We discuss a paradigm wherein type 2 neuroimmune circuits are central regulators of organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana M Pirzgalska
- Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
- Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Mohanta SK, Yin C, Weber C, Habenicht AJR. Neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces in atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1117368. [PMID: 36793445 PMCID: PMC9923102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1117368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Two pairs of biological systems acting over long distances have recently been defined as major participants in the regulation of physiological and pathological tissue reactions: i) the nervous and vascular systems form various blood-brain barriers and control axon growth and angiogenesis; and ii) the nervous and immune systems emerge as key players to direct immune responses and maintain blood vessel integrity. The two pairs have been explored by investigators in relatively independent research areas giving rise to the concepts of the rapidly expanding topics of the neurovascular link and neuroimmunology, respectively. Our recent studies on atherosclerosis led us to consider a more inclusive approach by conceptualizing and combining principles of the neurovascular link and neuroimmunology: we propose that the nervous system, the immune system and the cardiovascular system undergo complex crosstalks in tripartite rather than bipartite interactions to form neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces (NICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarajo K. Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Sarajo K. Mohanta,
| | - Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J. R. Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Pathak D, Sriram K. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032272. [PMID: 36768596 PMCID: PMC9917383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as 'reactive gliosis'. Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. In parallel, the roles of protein phosphorylation and cell signaling in eliciting neuroinflammation are evolving. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings associated with toxicant- or occupational injury-mediated neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neurological outcomes. The activation of signaling molecules has biological significance, including the promotion or inhibition of disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of synergism or antagonism among intracellular signaling pathways remain elusive. This review highlights the research focusing on the direct interaction between the immune system and the toxicant- or occupational injury-induced gliosis. Specifically, the role of occupational injuries, e.g., trips, slips, and falls resulting in traumatic brain injury, and occupational toxicants, e.g., volatile organic compounds, metals, and nanoparticles/nanomaterials in the development of neuroinflammation and neurological or neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. Further, this review recapitulates the recent advancement related to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms comprising protein phosphorylation and cell signaling, culminating in neuroinflammation.
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Nie X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Wang J. Deregulated RNAs involved in sympathetic regulation of sepsis-induced acute lung injury based on whole transcriptome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:836. [PMID: 36526959 PMCID: PMC9758828 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nerves play essential roles in the regulation of lung inflammation, and we investigated the effect of sympathetic denervation (SD) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Mice were randomized to the control, SD, ALI and SD + ALI, groups. SD and ALI were established through intratracheal 6-hydroxydopamine and intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Models and gene expressions levels were evaluated by HE staining, ELISA, Western blotting and RT-qPCR. RNA extraction, whole transcriptome sequencing and subsequent biostatistical analysis were performed. Sympathetic denervation in the lungs significantly attenuated lung TNF-ɑ and norepinephrine expression, alleviated sepsis-induced acute lung injury and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Compared with the ALI group, the SD + ALI group exhibited 629 DE circRNAs, 269 DE lncRNAs,7 DE miRNAs and 186 DE mRNAs, respectively. Some DE RNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in the SD + ALI group revealed enrichment of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, CAM, primary immunodeficiency, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction terms. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network also revealed inflammation-related signaling pathways. Taken together, based on the successfully established models of SD and ALI, we show here that sympathetic nerves may regulate sepsis-induced ALI supposedly by affecting the expression of circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in the lungs. These results may allow for further exploration of the roles of pulmonary sympathetic nerves in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinran Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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