1
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Tucker EJ, Sharp MF, Lokchine A, Bell KM, Palmer CS, Kline BL, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Dulon J, Stojanovski D, Ayers KL, Touraine P, Crismani W, Jaillard S, Sinclair AH. Biallelic FANCA variants detected in sisters with isolated premature ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2024; 106:321-335. [PMID: 38779778 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency is a common form of female infertility affecting up to 4% of women and characterised by amenorrhea with elevated gonadotropin before the age of 40. Oocytes require controlled DNA breakage and repair for homologous recombination and the maintenance of oocyte integrity. Biallelic disruption of the DNA damage repair gene, Fanconi anemia complementation group A (FANCA), is a common cause of Fanconi anaemia, a syndrome characterised by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition, physical anomalies and POI. There is ongoing dispute about the role of heterozygous FANCA variants in POI pathogenesis, with insufficient evidence supporting causation. Here, we have identified biallelic FANCA variants in French sisters presenting with POI, including a novel missense variant of uncertain significance and a likely pathogenic deletion that initially evaded detection. Functional studies indicated no discernible effect on DNA damage sensitivity in patient lymphoblasts. These novel FANCA variants add evidence that heterozygous loss of one allele is insufficient to cause DNA damage sensitivity and POI. We propose that intragenic deletions, that are relatively common in FANCA, may be missed without careful analysis, and could explain the presumed causation of heterozygous variants. Accurate variant curation is critical to optimise patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F Sharp
- DNA Repair and Recombination Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Lokchine
- CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brianna L Kline
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Dulon
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie L Ayers
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- DNA Repair and Recombination Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yadegari F, Abed AR, Abd Ali WY, Al‐Abedi HH, Zarinfam S, Aminian S, Majidzadeh‐A K. A family with nine siblings showing signs of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with two being definitely diagnosed with the syndrome due to homozygous N-terminal mutation of RECQL4. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9176. [PMID: 39055085 PMCID: PMC11268933 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a family with nine children, two of them diagnosed with RTS2 using genetic testing. The other siblings show some of the RTS2 criteria and are suggestive of the syndrome. Such reports help physicians be more alert in dealing with cases of rare syndromes. Timely initiation of genetic counseling and testing once the first child was diagnosed with the syndrome could have prevented the birth of affected siblings by RTS2. Since RTS2 patients could have a severe clinical manifestation as osteosarcoma which probably leads to death at a young age, the importance of genetic testing is even more underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yadegari
- Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | | | | | - Shiva Zarinfam
- Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Solaleh Aminian
- Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh‐A
- Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRTehranIran
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3
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Orren DK, Machwe A. Response to Replication Stress and Maintenance of Genome Stability by WRN, the Werner Syndrome Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8300. [PMID: 39125869 PMCID: PMC11311767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by loss of function of WRN. WS is a segmental progeroid disease and shows early onset or increased frequency of many characteristics of normal aging. WRN possesses helicase, annealing, strand exchange, and exonuclease activities and acts on a variety of DNA substrates, even complex replication and recombination intermediates. Here, we review the genetics, biochemistry, and probably physiological functions of the WRN protein. Although its precise role is unclear, evidence suggests WRN plays a role in pathways that respond to replication stress and maintain genome stability particularly in telomeric regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Orren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Amrita Machwe
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Terui R, Berger SE, Sambel LA, Song D, Chistol G. Single-molecule imaging reveals the mechanism of bidirectional replication initiation in metazoa. Cell 2024; 187:3992-4009.e25. [PMID: 38866019 PMCID: PMC11283366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metazoan genomes are copied bidirectionally from thousands of replication origins. Replication initiation entails the assembly and activation of two CMG helicases (Cdc45⋅Mcm2-7⋅GINS) at each origin. This requires several replication firing factors (including TopBP1, RecQL4, and DONSON) whose exact roles are still under debate. How two helicases are correctly assembled and activated at each origin is a long-standing question. By visualizing the recruitment of GINS, Cdc45, TopBP1, RecQL4, and DONSON in real time, we uncovered that replication initiation is surprisingly dynamic. First, TopBP1 transiently binds to the origin and dissociates before the start of DNA synthesis. Second, two Cdc45 are recruited together, even though Cdc45 alone cannot dimerize. Next, two copies of DONSON and two GINS simultaneously arrive at the origin, completing the assembly of two CMG helicases. Finally, RecQL4 is recruited to the CMG⋅DONSON⋅DONSON⋅CMG complex and promotes DONSON dissociation and CMG activation via its ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Terui
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott E Berger
- Biophysics Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Larissa A Sambel
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dan Song
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gheorghe Chistol
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; BioX Interdisciplinary Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Lietz CE, Newman ET, Kelly AD, Xiang DH, Zhang Z, Ramavenkat N, Bowers JJ, Lozano-Calderon SA, Ebb DH, Raskin KA, Cote GM, Choy E, Nielsen GP, Vlachos IS, Haibe-Kains B, Spentzos D. A dynamic microRNA profile that tracks a chemotherapy resistance phenotype in osteosarcoma. Implications for novel therapeutics. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.19.24309087. [PMID: 38946948 PMCID: PMC11213079 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.24309087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare primary bone tumor for which no significant therapeutic advancement has been made since the late 1980s despite ongoing efforts. Overall, the five-year survival rate remains about 65%, and is much lower in patients with tumors unresponsive to methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin therapy. Genetic studies have not revealed actionable drug targets, but our group, and others, have reported that epigenomic biomarkers, including regulatory RNAs, may be useful prognostic tools for osteosarcoma. We tested if microRNA (miRNA) transcriptional patterns mark the transition from a chemotherapy sensitive to resistant tumor phenotype. Small RNA sequencing was performed using 14 patient matched pre-chemotherapy biopsy and post-chemotherapy resection high-grade osteosarcoma frozen tumor samples. Independently, small RNA sequencing was performed using 14 patient matched biopsy and resection samples from untreated tumors. Separately, miRNA specific Illumina DASL arrays were used to assay an independent cohort of 65 pre-chemotherapy biopsy and 26 patient matched post-chemotherapy resection formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. mRNA specific Illumina DASL arrays were used to profile 37 pre-chemotherapy biopsy and five post-chemotherapy resection FFPE samples, all of which were also used for Illumina DASL miRNA profiling. The National Cancer Institute Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments dataset, including PCR based miRNA profiling and RNA-seq data for 86 and 93 pre-chemotherapy tumor samples, respectively, was also used. Paired differential expression testing revealed a profile of 17 miRNAs with significantly different transcriptional levels following chemotherapy. Genes targeted by the miRNAs were differentially expressed following chemotherapy, suggesting the miRNAs may regulate transcriptional networks. Finally, an in vitro pharmacogenomic screen using miRNAs and their target transcripts predicted response to a set of candidate small molecule therapeutics which potentially reverse the chemotherapy resistance phenotype and synergize with chemotherapy in otherwise treatment resistant tumors. Importantly, these novel therapeutic targets are distinct from targets identified by a similar pharmacogenomic analysis of previously published prognostic miRNA profiles from pre chemotherapy biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lietz
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik T Newman
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David H Xiang
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Nikhil Ramavenkat
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua J Bowers
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago A Lozano-Calderon
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H Ebb
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Raskin
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 2M9, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sun Y, Qin S, Wang S, Pang J, Ou Q, Liang W, Zhong H. Comprehensive genomic profiling of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma using tissue and plasma samples: insights from a real-world cohort analysis. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e12375. [PMID: 38661052 PMCID: PMC11044156 DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare and aggressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype with a dismal prognosis. The molecular characteristics of PSCC are largely unknown due to its rarity, which limits the diagnosis and treatment of this historically poorly characterized malignancy. We present comprehensive genomic profiling results of baseline tumor samples from 22 patients histologically diagnosed with PSCC, representing the largest cohort to date. Somatic genetic variant detection was compared between paired plasma samples and primary tumors from 13 patients within our cohort. The associations among genomic features, treatment, and prognosis were also analyzed in representative patient cases. TP53 (54.5%), TERT (36.4%), CDKN2A (27.3%), and MET (22.7%) were most frequently mutated. Notably, 81.8% of patients had actionable targets in their baseline tumors, including MET (22.7%), ERBB2 (13.6%), EGFR (9.1%), KRAS (9.1%), ALK (9.1%), and ROS1 (4.5%). The median tumor mutation burden (TMB) for PSCC tumors was 5.5 mutations per megabase (muts/Mb). TMB-high tumors (>10 muts/Mb) exhibited a significantly higher mutation frequency in genes such as KRAS, ARID2, FOXL2, and LRP1B, as well as within the DNA mismatch repair pathway. The detection rates for single nucleotide variants and structural variants were comparable between matched tumor and plasma samples, with 48.6% of genetic variants being mutually identified in both sample types. Additionally, a patient with a high mutation load and positive PD-L1 expression demonstrated a 7-month survival benefit from chemoimmunotherapy. Furthermore, a patient with an ALK-rearranged tumor achieved a remarkable 3-year progression-free survival following crizotinib treatment. Overall, our findings deepen the understanding of the complex genomic landscape of PSCC, revealing actionable targets amenable to tailored treatment of this poorly characterized malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaPR China
| | - Shilei Qin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinPR China
| | - Song Wang
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingPR China
| | - Jiaohui Pang
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingPR China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingPR China
| | - Weiquan Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanPR China
| | - Hai Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouPR China
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7
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Fu K, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang M, Yan X, Li K, Song L, Zhong L, Ma Y, Chen J, Zeng J, Wang D, Shao D, Zhu S, Yin R. Characteristics of germline DNA damage response gene mutations in ovarian cancer in Southwest China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6702. [PMID: 38509102 PMCID: PMC10954728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are responsible for repairing endogenous or exogenous DNA damage to maintain the stability of the cellular genome, including homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, etc. In ovarian cancer, current studies are focused on HRR genes, especially BRCA1/2, and the results show regional and population differences. To characterize germline mutations in DDR genes in ovarian cancer in Southwest China, 432 unselected ovarian cancer patients underwent multi-gene panel testing from October 2016 to October 2020. Overall, deleterious germline mutations in DDR genes were detected in 346 patients (80.1%), and in BRCA1/2 were detected in 126 patients (29.2%). The prevalence of deleterious germline mutations in BRCA2 is higher than in other studies (patients are mainly from Eastern China), and so is the mismatch repair genes. We identified three novel BRCA1/2 mutations, two of which probably deleterious (BRCA1 p.K1622* and BRCA2 p.L2987P). Furthermore, we pointed out that deleterious mutations of FNACD2 and RECQL4 are potential ovarian cancer susceptibility genes and may predispose carriers to ovarian cancer. In conclusion, our study highlights the necessity of comprehensive germline mutation detection of DNA damage response genes in ovarian cancer patients, which is conducive to patient management and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Shao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Zeng J, Li J, Liu Y, Liang R, Wang L, Zhou Q, Sun J, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhu S. A Chinese patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2347. [PMID: 38131666 PMCID: PMC10767680 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has been reported in all ethnicities, with several identifiable pathogenic variants. There have been reported cases indicating that RTS may lead to low birth weight in fetuses, but specific data on the fetal period are lacking. Genetic testing for RTS II is currently carried out by identifying pathogenic variants in RECQL4. METHODS In order to determine the cause, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis on the patient and his parents. Variants detected by WGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and examined in family members. RESULTS After analyzing the WGS data, we found a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.2752G>T (p.Glu918Ter) and a novel frameshift insertion mutation c.1547dupC (p.Leu517AlafsTer23) of RECQL4, which is a known pathogenic/disease-causing variant of RTS. Further validation indicated these were compound heterozygous mutations from parents. CONCLUSION Our study expands the mutational spectrum of the RECQL4 gene and enriches the phenotype spectrum of Chinese RTS patients. Our information can assist the patient's parents in making informed decisions regarding their future pregnancies. This case offers a new perspective for clinicians to consider whether to perform prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zeng
- Obstetrics DepartmentShenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Jiayi Li
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuwei Liu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sujun Zhu
- Obstetrics DepartmentShenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
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9
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Martins DJ, Di Lazzaro Filho R, Bertola DR, Hoch NC. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, a disorder far from solved. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1296409. [PMID: 38021400 PMCID: PMC10676203 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1296409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a range of clinical symptoms, including poikiloderma, juvenile cataracts, short stature, sparse hair, eyebrows/eyelashes, nail dysplasia, and skeletal abnormalities. While classically associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which encodes a DNA helicase involved in DNA replication and repair, three additional genes have been recently identified in RTS: ANAPC1, encoding a subunit of the APC/C complex; DNA2, which encodes a nuclease/helicase involved in DNA repair; and CRIPT, encoding a poorly characterized protein implicated in excitatory synapse formation and splicing. Here, we review the clinical spectrum of RTS patients, analyze the genetic basis of the disease, and discuss molecular functions of the affected genes, drawing some novel genotype-phenotype correlations and proposing avenues for future studies into this enigmatic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Jardim Martins
- Genomic Stability Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Di Lazzaro Filho
- Center for Human Genome Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dasa Genômica/Genera, Genômica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Center for Human Genome Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Carlos Hoch
- Genomic Stability Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim C, Davis LE, Albert CM, Samuels B, Roberts JL, Wagner MJ. Osteosarcoma in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Are Adults Just Big Kids? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5044. [PMID: 37894411 PMCID: PMC10604996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant bone tumors are commonly classified as pediatric or adolescent malignancies, and clinical trials for these diseases have generally focused on these populations. Of primary bone cancers, osteosarcoma is among the most common. Osteosarcoma has a bimodal age distribution, with the first peak occurring in patients from 10 to 14 years old, and the second peak occurring in patients older than 65, with about 25% of cases occurring in adults between 20 and 59 years old. Notably, adult osteosarcoma patients have worse outcomes than their pediatric counterparts. It remains unclear whether age itself is a poor prognostic factor, or if inherent differences in tumor biology exist between age groups. Despite these unknowns, current treatment strategies for adults are largely extrapolated from pediatric studies since the majority of clinical trials for osteosarcoma treatments are based on younger patient populations. In light of the different prognoses observed in pediatric and adult osteosarcoma, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular etiology of osteosarcoma and how it may differ between age groups, hypothesizing why adult patients have worse outcomes compared to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;
| | - Lara E. Davis
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Catherine M. Albert
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Jesse L. Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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11
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Hussain M, Mohammed A, Saifi S, Priya S, Sengupta S. Hyperubiquitylation of DNA helicase RECQL4 by E3 ligase MITOL prevents mitochondrial entry and potentiates mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105087. [PMID: 37495109 PMCID: PMC10470078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DNA helicase RECQL4 lead to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), a disorder characterized by mitochondrial dysfunctions, premature aging, and genomic instability. However, the mechanisms by which these mutations lead to pathology are unclear. Here we report that RECQL4 is ubiquitylated by a mitochondrial E3 ligase, MITOL, at two lysine residues (K1101, K1154) via K6 linkage. This ubiquitylation hampers the interaction of RECQL4 with mitochondrial importer Tom20, thereby restricting its own entry into mitochondria. We show the RECQL4 2K mutant (where both K1101 and K1154 are mutated) has increased entry into mitochondria and demonstrates enhanced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. We observed that the three tested RTS patient mutants were unable to enter the mitochondria and showed decreased mtDNA replication. Furthermore, we found that RECQL4 in RTS patient mutants are hyperubiquitylated by MITOL and form insoluble aggregate-like structures on the outer mitochondrial surface. However, depletion of MITOL allows RECQL4 expressed in these RTS mutants to enter mitochondria and rescue mtDNA replication. Finally, we show increased accumulation of hyperubiquitylated RECQL4 outside the mitochondria leads to the cells being potentiated to increased mitophagy. Hence, we conclude regulating the turnover of RECQL4 by MITOL may have a therapeutic effect in patients with RTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Hussain
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aftab Mohammed
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabnam Saifi
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Priya
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.
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12
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Sharin F, Pai A, Mair M. Management of osteosarcoma of the head and neck. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023:00020840-990000000-00066. [PMID: 37144500 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is no clear consensus guideline that specifies the optimum course of treatment for adult head and neck osteosarcoma (HNO) because of its rarity. The review's goal is to examine the most recent research on the presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of head and neck osteosarcoma. RECENT FINDINGS Due to overlapping symptoms with various benign disorders of the lower jaw and midface bone, these patients present with a noticeable delay. The greatest results for these malignancies can be achieved with surgery with sufficient margins. However, it may not be able to achieve sufficient margins in tumours of the midface and skull base, and the significance of adjuvant radiation/chemotherapy needs to be investigated. The use of adjuvant radiation in instances with an advanced stage, poor prognostic indicators, and inadequate resection is supported by evidence. Nonetheless, there are divergent opinions regarding the advantages of chemotherapy in adjuvant and neoadjuvant conditions, and further multicentric randomized control trials are required to provide robust evidence. SUMMARY Multimodality treatments seem to yield better results for advanced HNO with adverse features and incomplete resections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manish Mair
- University hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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13
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Xu X, Chang CW, Li M, Omabe K, Le N, Chen YH, Liang F, Liu Y. DNA replication initiation factor RECQ4 possesses a role in antagonizing DNA replication initiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1233. [PMID: 36871012 PMCID: PMC9985596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the conserved C-terminus of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome helicase RECQ4 is highly tumorigenic. However, while the RECQ4 N-terminus is known to facilitate DNA replication initiation, the function of its C-terminus remains unclear. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we identify an interaction between the RECQ4 N-terminus and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) on human chromatin. We further show that this interaction stabilizes APC/C co-activator CDH1 and enhances APC/C-dependent degradation of the replication inhibitor Geminin, allowing replication factors to accumulate on chromatin. In contrast, the function is blocked by the RECQ4 C-terminus, which binds to protein inhibitors of APC/C. A cancer-prone, C-terminal-deleted RECQ4 mutation increases origin firing frequency, accelerates G1/S transition, and supports abnormally high DNA content. Our study reveals a role of the human RECQ4 C-terminus in antagonizing its N-terminus, thereby suppressing replication initiation, and this suppression is impaired by oncogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Vesigen Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 103, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Kenneth Omabe
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Nhung Le
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Feng Liang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA.
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14
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De novo myelodysplastic syndrome in a Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome patient with novel pathogenic RECQL4 variants. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:125-130. [DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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15
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Willemsen M, Staels F, Gerbaux M, Neumann J, Schrijvers R, Meyts I, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:345-360. [PMID: 36395985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are a heterogeneous group of monogenic immunologic disorders caused by mutations in genes with critical roles in the development, maintenance, or function of the immune system. The genetic basis is frequently a mutation in a gene with restricted expression and/or function in immune cells, leading to an immune disorder. Several classes of inborn errors of immunity, however, result from mutation in genes that are ubiquitously expressed. Despite the genes participating in cellular processes conserved between cell types, immune cells are disproportionally affected, leading to inborn errors of immunity. Mutations in DNA replication, DNA repair, or DNA damage response factors can result in monogenic human disease, some of which are classified as inborn errors of immunity. Genetic defects in the DNA repair machinery are a well-known cause of T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency. An emerging class of inborn errors of immunity is those caused by mutations in DNA replication factors. Considerable heterogeneity exists within the DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity, with diverse immunologic defects and clinical manifestations observed. These differences are suggestive for differential sensitivity of certain leukocyte subsets to deficiencies in specific DNA replication factors. Here, we provide an overview of DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity and discuss the emerging mechanistic insights that can explain the observed immunologic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ERN-RITA Core Center Member, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge.
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16
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Splicing-Disrupting Mutations in Inherited Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235967. [PMID: 36497448 PMCID: PMC9739414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hereditary cancer in children was estimated to be very low until recent studies suggested that at least 10% of pediatric cancer patients carry a germline mutation in a cancer predisposition gene. A significant proportion of pathogenic variants associated with an increased risk of hereditary cancer are variants affecting splicing. RNA splicing is an essential process involved in different cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and alterations in this pathway have been implicated in many human cancers. Hereditary cancer genes are highly susceptible to splicing mutations, and among them there are several genes that may contribute to pediatric solid tumors when mutated in the germline. In this review, we have focused on the analysis of germline splicing-disrupting mutations found in pediatric solid tumors, as the discovery of pathogenic splice variants in pediatric cancer is a growing field for the development of personalized therapies. Therapies developed to correct aberrant splicing in cancer are also discussed as well as the options to improve the diagnostic yield based on the increase in the knowledge in splicing.
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17
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Marchena-Perea EM, Salazar-Hidalgo ME, Gómez-Sanz A, Arranz-Ledo M, Barroso A, Fernández V, Tejera-Pérez H, Pita G, Núñez-Torres R, Pombo L, Morales-Chamorro R, Cano-Cano JM, Soriano MDC, Garre P, Durán M, Currás-Freixes M, de la Hoya M, Osorio A. A Large Case-Control Study Performed in Spanish Population Suggests That RECQL5 Is the Only RECQ Helicase Involved in Breast Cancer Susceptibility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194738. [PMID: 36230663 PMCID: PMC9563930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 50% of the familial breast cancer (BC) cases are estimated to be caused by variants in low-, moderate-, and high-risk susceptibility genes; however, the other half is of unknown origin. The finding of new susceptibility genes is key to improve diagnosis, take preventive measures, and identify new therapies. In this context, previous studies have discussed whether the genes encoding for the RECQ helicase family could play a role in BC susceptibility, without very conclusive results. To clarify this, in this study, we sequenced the whole coding sequence of the RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5 genes in 1993 Spanish BC familial cases and compared it with controls from gnomAD. No association was found for RECQL1, BLM, WRN, and RECQL4; however, we did find an association between RECQL5 and breast cancer as a moderate-risk gene, making it a perfect candidate for further studies. Abstract Around 50% of the familial breast cancer (BC) cases are estimated to be caused by germline variants in known low-, moderate-, and high-risk susceptibility genes, while the other half is of unknown genetic origin. In the present study, we wanted to evaluate the role of the RECQ helicases, some of which have been studied in the past as candidates, with unclear results about their role in the disease. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we analyzed the whole coding sequence of BLM, RECQL1, RECQL4, RECQL5, and WRN in almost 2000 index cases from BC Spanish families that had previously tested negative for the known BC susceptibility genes (BRCAX) and compared the results with the controls extracted from gnomAD. Our results suggest that BLM, RECQL1, RECQL4, and WRN do not play a major role in BC susceptibility. However, in the combined analysis, joining the present results with those previously reported in a series of 1334 BC Spanish patients and controls, we found a statistically significant association between Loss of Function (LoF) variants in RECQL5 and BC risk, with an OR of 2.56 (p = 0.009; 95% CI, 1.18–4.98). Our findings support our previous work and places the RECQL5 gene as a new moderate-risk BC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Michel Marchena-Perea
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milton Eduardo Salazar-Hidalgo
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Sanz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Arranz-Ledo
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBGM, UVa-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Tejera-Pérez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Núñez-Torres
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Pombo
- Medical Oncology Section, Universitary Hospital Complex of Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Morales-Chamorro
- Medical Oncology Section, Hospitalary Compex La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Juana María Cano-Cano
- Medical Oncology Service, Universitary General Hospital of Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Garre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Durán
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBGM, UVa-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-328-002
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18
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Lu H, Guan J, Wang SY, Li GM, Bohr VA, Davis AJ. DNA-PKcs-dependent phosphorylation of RECQL4 promotes NHEJ by stabilizing the NHEJ machinery at DNA double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5635-5651. [PMID: 35580045 PMCID: PMC9178012 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major pathway that mediates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by ionizing radiation (IR). Previously, the DNA helicase RECQL4 was implicated in promoting NHEJ, but its role in the pathway remains unresolved. In this study, we report that RECQL4 stabilizes the NHEJ machinery at DSBs to promote repair. Specifically, we find that RECQL4 interacts with the NHEJ core factor DNA-PKcs and the interaction is increased following IR. RECQL4 promotes DNA end bridging mediated by DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80 in vitro and the accumulation/retention of NHEJ factors at DSBs in vivo. Moreover, interaction between DNA-PKcs and the other core NHEJ proteins following IR treatment is attenuated in the absence of RECQL4. These data indicate that RECQL4 promotes the stabilization of the NHEJ factors at DSBs to support formation of the NHEJ long-range synaptic complex. In addition, we observed that the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs is required for accumulation of RECQL4 to DSBs and that DNA-PKcs phosphorylates RECQL4 at six serine/threonine residues. Blocking phosphorylation at these sites reduced the recruitment of RECQL4 to DSBs, attenuated the interaction between RECQL4 and NHEJ factors, destabilized interactions between the NHEJ machinery, and resulted in decreased NHEJ. Collectively, these data illustrate reciprocal regulation between RECQL4 and DNA-PKcs in NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junhong Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shih-Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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19
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Bukowska-Olech E, Sowińska-Seidler A, Larysz D, Gawliński P, Koczyk G, Popiel D, Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Materna-Kiryluk A, Adamek Z, Szczepankiewicz A, Dominiak P, Glista F, Matuszewska K, Jamsheer A. Results from Genetic Studies in Patients Affected with Craniosynostosis: Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865494. [PMID: 35591945 PMCID: PMC9112228 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) represents a highly heterogeneous genetic condition whose genetic background has not been yet revealed. The abnormality occurs either in isolated form or syndromic, as an element of hundreds of different inborn syndromes. Consequently, CS may often represent a challenging diagnostic issue. Methods: We investigated a three-tiered approach (karyotyping, Sanger sequencing, followed by custom gene panel/chromosomal microarray analysis, and exome sequencing), coupled with prioritization of variants based on dysmorphological assessment and description in terms of human phenotype ontology. In addition, we have also performed a statistical analysis of the obtained clinical data using the nonparametric test χ2. Results: We achieved a 43% diagnostic success rate and have demonstrated the complexity of mutations’ type harbored by the patients, which were either chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations, or point mutations. The majority of pathogenic variants were found in the well-known CS genes, however, variants found in genes associated with chromatinopathies or RASopathies are of particular interest. Conclusion: We have critically summarized and then optimised a cost-effective diagnostic algorithm, which may be helpful in a daily diagnostic routine and future clinical research of various CS types. Moreover, we have pinpointed the possible underestimated co-occurrence of CS and intellectual disability, suggesting it may be overlooked when intellectual disability constitutes a primary clinical complaint. On the other hand, in any case of already detected syndromic CS and intellectual disability, the possible occurrence of clinical features suggestive for chromatinopathies or RASopathies should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
| | - Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Larysz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery for Children and Adolescents, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Prof. St. Popowski Regional Specialized Children's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawliński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Koczyk
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- Biometry and Bioinformatics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Filip Glista
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszewska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
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20
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Nickens DG, Bochman ML. Genetic and biochemical interactions of yeast DNA helicases. Methods 2022; 204:234-240. [PMID: 35483549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases function in many types of nucleic acid transactions, and as such, they are vital for genome integrity. Although they are often considered individually, work from many groups demonstrates that these enzymes often genetically and biochemically interact in vivo. Here, we highlight methods to interrogate such interactions among the PIF1 (Pif1 and Rrm3) and RecQ (Hrq1 and Sgs1) family helicases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The interactions among these enzymes were investigated in vivo using deletion and inactivation alleles with a gross-chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) assay. Further, wild-type and inactive recombinant proteins were used to determine the effects of the helicases on telomerase activity in vitro. We found that synergistic increases in GCR rates often occur in double vs. single mutants, suggesting that the helicases function in distinct genome integrity pathways. Further, the recombinant helicases can function together in vitro to modulate telomerase activity. Overall, the data suggest that the interactions among the members of these DNA helicase families are multipartite and argue for a comprehensive systems biology approach to fully elucidate the physiological interplay between these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Nickens
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA.
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Gorsi B, Hernandez E, Moore MB, Moriwaki M, Chow CY, Coelho E, Taylor E, Lu C, Walker A, Touraine P, Nelson LM, Cooper AR, Mardis ER, Rajkovic A, Yandell M, Welt CK. Causal and Candidate Gene Variants in a Large Cohort of Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:685-714. [PMID: 34718612 PMCID: PMC9006976 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A genetic etiology likely accounts for the majority of unexplained primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that heterozygous rare variants and variants in enhanced categories are associated with POI. DESIGN The study was an observational study. SETTING Subjects were recruited at academic institutions. PATIENTS Subjects from Boston (n = 98), the National Institutes of Health and Washington University (n = 98), Pittsburgh (n = 20), Italy (n = 43), and France (n = 32) were diagnosed with POI (amenorrhea with an elevated follicle-stimulating hormone level). Controls were recruited for health in old age or were from the 1000 Genomes Project (total n = 233). INTERVENTION We performed whole exome sequencing (WES), and data were analyzed using a rare variant scoring method and a Bayes factor-based framework for identifying genes harboring pathogenic variants. We performed functional studies on identified genes that were not previously implicated in POI in a D. melanogaster model. MAIN OUTCOME Genes with rare pathogenic variants and gene sets with increased burden of deleterious variants were identified. RESULTS Candidate heterozygous variants were identified in known genes and genes with functional evidence. Gene sets with increased burden of deleterious alleles included the categories transcription and translation, DNA damage and repair, meiosis and cell division. Variants were found in novel genes from the enhanced categories. Functional evidence supported 7 new risk genes for POI (USP36, VCP, WDR33, PIWIL3, NPM2, LLGL1, and BOD1L1). CONCLUSIONS Candidate causative variants were identified through WES in women with POI. Aggregating clinical data and genetic risk with a categorical approach may expand the genetic architecture of heterozygous rare gene variants causing risk for POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Gorsi
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Edgar Hernandez
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marvin Barry Moore
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mika Moriwaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clement Y Chow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily Coelho
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elaine Taylor
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Claire Lu
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Walker
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Sorbonne Universite, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aleksander Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Yandell
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Corrine K Welt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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22
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Cancer risk among RECQL4 heterozygotes. Cancer Genet 2022; 262-263:107-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Kaneko H, Takemoto M, Murakami H, Ihara K, Kosaki R, Motegi SI, Taniguchi A, Matsuo M, Yamazaki N, Nishigori C, Takita J, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome investigated by two nationwide surveys in Japan. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15120. [PMID: 35616152 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by poikiloderma of the face, small stature, sparse scalp hair, juvenile cataract, radial aplasia, and predisposition to cancers. Due to the rarity of RTS, the situation of patients with RTS in Japan has not been elucidated. METHODS In 2010 and 2020, following the results of a primary questionnaire survey, a secondary questionnaire survey on RTS was conducted nationwide to investigate the number of RTS cases and their associated skin lesions, bone lesions, other clinical features, and quality of life in Japan. RESULTS In 2010 and 2020, 10 and eight patients with RTS were recruited, respectively. Skin lesions such as poikiloderma, erythema, pigmentation, and abnormal scalp hair were observed in almost all cases. Bone lesions were observed in four cases in the 2010 and 2020 surveys, respectively. Two cases had mutations in the RECQL4 gene in the 2020 survey. CONCLUSIONS Two nationwide surveys have shown the actual situation of patients with RTS in Japan. Cutaneous and bone manifestations are important for the diagnosis of RTS. However, many patients have no RECQL4 mutations. The novel causative gene of RTS should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kaneko
- Department of Pediatric Medical Care, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Medical Care, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Rika Kosaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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24
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Xu X, Chang CW, Li M, Liu C, Liu Y. Molecular Mechanisms of the RECQ4 Pathogenic Mutations. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791194. [PMID: 34869606 PMCID: PMC8637615 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human RECQ4 gene encodes an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that contains a conserved superfamily II helicase domain located at the center of the polypeptide. RECQ4 is one of the five RECQ homologs in human cells, and its helicase domain is flanked by the unique amino and carboxyl termini with sequences distinct from other members of the RECQ helicases. Since the identification of the RECQ4 gene in 1998, multiple RECQ4 mutations have been linked to the pathogenesis of three clinical diseases, which are Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Baller-Gerold syndrome, and RAPADILINO. Patients with these diseases show various developmental abnormalities. In addition, a subset of RECQ4 mutations are associated with high cancer risks, especially for osteosarcoma and/or lymphoma at early ages. The discovery of clinically relevant RECQ4 mutations leads to intriguing questions: how is the RECQ4 helicase responsible for preventing multiple clinical syndromes? What are the mechanisms by which the RECQ4 disease mutations cause tissue abnormalities and drive cancer formation? Furthermore, RECQ4 is highly overexpressed in many cancer types, raising the question whether RECQ4 acts not only as a tumor suppressor but also an oncogene that can be a potential new therapeutic target. Defining the molecular dysfunctions of different RECQ4 disease mutations is imperative to improving our understanding of the complexity of RECQ4 clinical phenotypes and the dynamic roles of RECQ4 in cancer development and prevention. We will review recent progress in examining the molecular and biochemical properties of the different domains of the RECQ4 protein. We will shed light on how the dynamic roles of RECQ4 in human cells may contribute to the complexity of RECQ4 clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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25
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Luong TT, Bernstein KA. Role and Regulation of the RECQL4 Family during Genomic Integrity Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1919. [PMID: 34946868 PMCID: PMC8701316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL4 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved RecQ family of 3' to 5' DNA helicases. RECQL4 is critical for maintaining genomic stability through its functions in DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Unlike many DNA repair proteins, RECQL4 has unique functions in many of the central DNA repair pathways such as replication, telomere, double-strand break repair, base excision repair, mitochondrial maintenance, nucleotide excision repair, and crosslink repair. Consistent with these diverse roles, mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three distinct genetic diseases, which are characterized by developmental defects and/or cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles and regulation of RECQL4 during maintenance of genome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara A. Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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26
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金子 英. [Rothmund-Thomson syndrome]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2021; 58:413-416. [PMID: 34483168 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.58.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kohzaki M, Ootsuyama A, Umata T, Okazaki R. Comparison of the fertility of tumor suppressor gene-deficient C57BL/6 mouse strains reveals stable reproductive aging and novel pleiotropic gene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12357. [PMID: 34117297 PMCID: PMC8195996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes are involved in maintaining genome integrity during reproduction (e.g., meiosis). Thus, deleterious alleles in tumor suppressor-deficient mice would exhibit higher mortality during the perinatal period. A recent aging model proposes that perinatal mortality and age-related deleterious changes might define lifespan. This study aimed to quantitatively understand the relationship between reproduction and lifespan using three established tumor suppressor gene (p53, APC, and RECQL4)-deficient mouse strains with the same C57BL/6 background. Transgenic mice delivered slightly reduced numbers of 1st pups than wild-type mice [ratio: 0.81–0.93 (p = 0.1–0.61)] during a similar delivery period, which suggest that the tumor suppressor gene-deficient mice undergo relatively stable reproduction. However, the transgenic 1st pups died within a few days after birth, resulting in a further reduction in litter size at 3 weeks after delivery compared with that of wild-type mice [ratio: 0.35–0.68 (p = 0.034–0.24)] without sex differences, although the lifespan was variable. Unexpectedly, the significance of reproductive reduction in transgenic mice was decreased at the 2nd or later delivery. Because mice are easily affected by environmental factors, our data underscore the importance of defining reproductive ability through experiments on aging-related reproduction that can reveal a trade-off between fecundity and aging and identify RECQL4 as a novel pleiotropic gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaoki Kohzaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Akira Ootsuyama
- Department of Radiation Biology and Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Umata
- Radioisotope Research Center, Facility for Education and Research Support, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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28
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Ababou M. Bloom syndrome and the underlying causes of genetic instability. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:35-48. [PMID: 33736941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal hereditary recessive diseases characterized by genetic instability are often associated with cancer predisposition. Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare genetic disorder, with <300 cases reported worldwide, combines both. Indeed, patients with Bloom's syndrome are 150 to 300 times more likely to develop cancers than normal individuals. The wide spectrum of cancers developed by BS patients suggests that early initial events occur in BS cells which may also be involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the general population and these may be common to several cancers. BS is caused by mutations of both copies of the BLM gene, encoding the RecQ BLM helicase. This review discusses the different aspects of BS and the different cellular functions of BLM in genome surveillance and maintenance through its major roles during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. BLM's activities are essential for the stabilization of centromeric, telomeric and ribosomal DNA sequences, and the regulation of innate immunity. One of the key objectives of this work is to establish a link between BLM functions and the main clinical phenotypes observed in BS patients, as well as to shed new light on the correlation between the genetic instability and diseases such as immunodeficiency and cancer. The different potential implications of the BLM helicase in the tumorigenic process and the use of BLM as new potential target in the field of cancer treatment are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ababou
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
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29
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Tsuyama T, Fujita K, Sasaki R, Hamanaka S, Sotoyama Y, Ogawa A, Kusuzaki K, Azuma Y, Tada S. N-terminal region of RecQ4 inhibits non-homologous end joining and chromatin association of the Ku heterodimer in Xenopus egg extracts. Gene 2021; 787:145647. [PMID: 33845136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RecQ4, a member of the RecQ helicase family, is required for the maintenance of genome integrity. RecQ4 has been shown to promote the following two DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). However, its molecular function has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of RecQ4 in NHEJ using Xenopus egg extracts. The N-terminal 598 amino acid region of Xenopus RecQ4 (N598), which lacks a central helicase domain and a downstream C-terminal region, was added to the extracts and its effect on the joining of DNA ends was analyzed. We found that N598 inhibited the joining of linearized DNA ends in the extracts. In addition, N598 inhibited DSB-induced chromatin binding of Ku70, which is essential for NHEJ, while the DSB-induced chromatin binding of the HR-associated proteins, replication protein A (RPA) and Rad51, increased upon the addition of N598. These results suggest that RecQ4 possibly influences the choice of the DSB repair pathway by influencing the association of the Ku heterodimer with the DNA ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shiori Hamanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kana Kusuzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaro Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shusuke Tada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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30
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Huang C, Guo T, Qin Y. Meiotic Recombination Defects and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652407. [PMID: 33763429 PMCID: PMC7982532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the depletion of ovarian function before 40 years of age due to insufficient oocyte formation or accelerated follicle atresia. Approximately 1–5% of women below 40 years old are affected by POI. The etiology of POI is heterogeneous, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection, iatrogenic factors, and environmental toxins. Genetic factors account for 20–25% of patients. However, more than half of the patients were idiopathic. With the widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the genetic spectrum of POI has been expanded, especially the latest identification in meiosis and DNA repair-related genes. During meiotic prophase I, the key processes include DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and subsequent homologous recombination (HR), which are essential for chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division and genome diversity of oocytes. Many animal models with defective meiotic recombination present with meiotic arrest, DSB accumulation, and oocyte apoptosis, which are similar to human POI phenotype. In the article, based on different stages of meiotic recombination, including DSB formation, DSB end processing, single-strand invasion, intermediate processing, recombination, and resolution and essential proteins involved in synaptonemal complex (SC), cohesion complex, and fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, we reviewed the individual gene mutations identified in POI patients and the potential candidate genes for POI pathogenesis, which will shed new light on the genetic architecture of POI and facilitate risk prediction, ovarian protection, and early intervention for POI women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzi Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 and promotes its dissociation from DNA double strand breaks. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:24. [PMID: 33674555 PMCID: PMC7935965 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) signals play a critical role in the cellular choice of DNA damage repair pathways. Human DNA helicase RecQL4 participates in DNA replication and repair, and loss of RecQL4 is associated with autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by genomic instability features. In an earlier study, RecQL4 was isolated as a stable complex that contained two ubiquitin ligases of the N-end rule (UBR1 and UBR2). However, it is unknown whether or not RecQL4 ubiquitination status is critical for its DNA repair function. Here, we report that RecQL4 directly interacts with RNF8 (a RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase), and both co-localize at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. Our findings indicate that RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 protein mainly at the lysine sites of 876, 1048, and 1101, thereby facilitating the dissociation of RecQL4 from DSB sites. RecQL4 mutant at ubiquitination sites had a significantly prolonged retention at DSBs, which hinders the recruitment of its direct downstream DSB repair proteins (CtIP & Ku80). Interestingly, reduced DSB repair capacity observed in RecQL4 depleted cells was restored only by the reconstitution of wild-type RecQL4, but not the ubiquitination mutant. Additionally, RecQL4 directly interacts with WRAP53β that is known to recruit RNF8 to DSBs and WRAP53β enhances the association of RecQL4 with RNF8. WRAP53β silencing resulted in a nearly diminished recruitment of RNF8 to DSBs and in a greatly attenuated dissociation of RecQL4 from the DSB sites. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the ubiquitination event mediated by RNF8 constitutes an essential component for RecQL4's function in DSB repair.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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33
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755 order by 1-- znbp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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34
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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35
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755 order by 1-- azli] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller–Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Lu H, Davis AJ. Human RecQ Helicases in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640755. [PMID: 33718381 PMCID: PMC7947261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. These helicases play important roles in multiple cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and telomere maintenance. Humans have five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome protein (BLM), Werner syndrome helicase (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Defects in BLM and WRN cause autosomal disorders: Bloom syndrome (BS) and Werner syndrome (WS), respectively. Mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS), and RAPADILINO syndrome. Although no genetic disorders have been reported due to loss of RECQL1 or RECQL5, dysfunction of either gene is associated with tumorigenesis. Multiple genetically independent pathways have evolved that mediate the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB), and RecQ helicases play pivotal roles in each of them. The importance of DSB repair is supported by the observations that defective DSB repair can cause chromosomal aberrations, genomic instability, senescence, or cell death, which ultimately can lead to premature aging, neurodegeneration, or tumorigenesis. In this review, we will introduce the human RecQ helicase family, describe in detail their roles in DSB repair, and provide relevance between the dysfunction of RecQ helicases and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anthony J. Davis
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome-Like RECQL4 Truncating Mutations Cause a Haploinsufficient Low-Bone-Mass Phenotype in Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0059020. [PMID: 33361189 PMCID: PMC8088275 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00590-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defects in the skeletal system, such as bone hypoplasia, short stature, low bone mass, and an increased incidence of osteosarcoma. RTS type 2 patients have germ line compound biallelic protein-truncating mutations of RECQL4. As existing murine models employ Recql4 null alleles, we have attempted to more accurately model RTS by generating mice with patient-mimicking truncating Recql4 mutations. Truncating mutations impaired the stability and subcellular localization of RECQL4 and resulted in homozygous embryonic lethality and a haploinsufficient low-bone mass phenotype. Combination of a truncating mutation with a conditional Recql4 null allele demonstrated that the skeletal defects were intrinsic to the osteoblast lineage. However, the truncating mutations did not promote tumorigenesis. We utilized murine Recql4 null cells to assess the impact of human RECQL4 mutations using an in vitro complementation assay. While some mutations created unstable protein products, others altered subcellular localization of the protein. Interestingly, the severity of the phenotypes correlated with the extent of protein truncation. Collectively, our results reveal that truncating RECQL4 mutations in mice lead to an osteoporosis-like phenotype through defects in early osteoblast progenitors and identify RECQL4 gene dosage as a novel regulator of bone mass.
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Slaught C, Berry EG, Bacik L, Skalet AH, Anadiotis G, Tuohy T, Leachman SA. Clinical challenges in interpreting multiple pathogenic mutations in single patients. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:15. [PMID: 33541411 PMCID: PMC7863461 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the past two decades, genetic testing for cancer risk assessment has entered mainstream clinical practice due to the availability of low-cost panels of multiple cancer-associated genes. However, the clinical value of multiple-gene panels for cancer susceptibility is not well established, especially in cases where panel testing identifies more than one pathogenic variant. The risk for specific malignancies as a result of a mutated gene is complex and likely influenced by superimposed modifier variants and/or environmental effects. Recent data suggests that the combination of multiple pathogenic variants may be fewer than reported by chance, suggesting that some mutation combinations may be detrimental. Management of patients with “incidentally” discovered mutations can be particularly challenging, especially when established guidelines call for radical procedures (e.g. total gastrectomy in CDH1) in patients and families without a classic clinical history concerning for that cancer predisposition syndrome. Case presentation We present two cases, one of an individual and one of a family, with multiple pathogenic mutations detected by multi-gene panel testing to highlight challenges practitioners face in counseling patients about pathogenic variants and determining preventive and therapeutic interventions. Conclusions Ongoing investigation is needed to improve our understanding of inherited susceptibility to disease in general and cancer predisposition syndromes, as this information has the potential to lead to the development of more precise and patient-specific counseling and surveillance strategies. The real-world adoption of new or improved technologies into clinical practice frequently requires medical decision-making in the absence of established understanding of gene-gene interactions. In the meantime, practitioners must be prepared to apply a rationale based on currently available knowledge to clinical decision-making. Current practice is evolving to rely heavily on clinical concordance with personal and family history in making specific therapeutic decisions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13053-021-00172-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Slaught
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Lindsay Bacik
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health, Hershey, USA
| | - Alison H Skalet
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - George Anadiotis
- Legacy Cancer Institute, Cancer Genetics Services, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, USA
| | - Therese Tuohy
- Legacy Cancer Institute, Cancer Genetics Services, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
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Hussain M, Krishnamurthy S, Patel J, Kim E, Baptiste BA, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Skin Abnormalities in Disorders with DNA Repair Defects, Premature Aging, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:968-975. [PMID: 33353663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways and alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism have been reported in multiple skin disorders. More than 10% of patients with primary mitochondrial dysfunction exhibit dermatological features including rashes and hair and pigmentation abnormalities. Accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and dysfunctional mitochondria affect cellular homeostasis leading to increased apoptosis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that genetic disorders of premature aging that alter DNA repair pathways and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome, also exhibit skin disease. This article summarizes recent advances in the research pertaining to these syndromes and molecular mechanisms underlying their skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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46
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Schmit M, Bielinsky AK. Congenital Diseases of DNA Replication: Clinical Phenotypes and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E911. [PMID: 33477564 PMCID: PMC7831139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication can be divided into three major steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Each time a human cell divides, these steps must be reiteratively carried out. Disruption of DNA replication can lead to genomic instability, with the accumulation of point mutations or larger chromosomal anomalies such as rearrangements. While cancer is the most common class of disease associated with genomic instability, several congenital diseases with dysfunctional DNA replication give rise to similar DNA alterations. In this review, we discuss all congenital diseases that arise from pathogenic variants in essential replication genes across the spectrum of aberrant replisome assembly, origin activation and DNA synthesis. For each of these conditions, we describe their clinical phenotypes as well as molecular studies aimed at determining the functional mechanisms of disease, including the assessment of genomic stability. By comparing and contrasting these diseases, we hope to illuminate how the disruption of DNA replication at distinct steps affects human health in a surprisingly cell-type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Mirabello L, Zhu B, Koster R, Karlins E, Dean M, Yeager M, Gianferante M, Spector LG, Morton LM, Karyadi D, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Song L, Pankratz N, Pinheiro M, Gastier-Foster JM, Gorlick R, de Toledo SRC, Petrilli AS, Patino-Garcia A, Lecanda F, Gutierrez-Jimeno M, Serra M, Hattinger C, Picci P, Scotlandi K, Flanagan AM, Tirabosco R, Amary MF, Kurucu N, Ilhan IE, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM, Barkauskas DA, Mejia-Baltodano G, Valverde P, Hicks BD, Zhu B, Wang M, Hutchinson AA, Tucker M, Sampson J, Landi MT, Freedman ND, Gapstur S, Carter B, Hoover RN, Chanock SJ, Savage SA. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Cancer-Susceptibility Genes in Patients With Osteosarcoma. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:724-734. [PMID: 32191290 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, occurs in a high number of cancer predisposition syndromes that are defined by highly penetrant germline mutations. The germline genetic susceptibility to osteosarcoma outside of familial cancer syndromes remains unclear. Objective To investigate the germline genetic architecture of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Whole-exome sequencing (n = 1104) or targeted sequencing (n = 140) of the DNA of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma from 10 participating international centers or studies was conducted from April 21, 2014, to September 1, 2017. The results were compared with the DNA of 1062 individuals without cancer assembled internally from 4 participating studies who underwent comparable whole-exome sequencing and 27 173 individuals of non-Finnish European ancestry who were identified through the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. In the analysis, 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes were assessed followed by testing of the mutational burden across 736 additional candidate genes. Principal component analyses were used to identify 732 European patients with osteosarcoma and 994 European individuals without cancer, with outliers removed for patient-control group comparisons. Patients were subsequently compared with individuals in the ExAC group. All data were analyzed from June 1, 2017, to July 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Results Among 1244 patients with osteosarcoma (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 16 [8.9] years [range, 2-80 years]; 684 patients [55.0%] were male), an analysis restricted to individuals with European ancestry indicated a significantly higher pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant burden in 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes among patients with osteosarcoma compared with the control group (732 vs 994, respectively; P = 1.3 × 10-18). A pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was identified in 281 of 1004 patients with osteosarcoma (28.0%), of which nearly three-quarters had a variant that mapped to an autosomal-dominant gene or a known osteosarcoma-associated cancer predisposition syndrome gene. The frequency of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was 128 of 1062 individuals (12.1%) in the control group and 2527 of 27 173 individuals (9.3%) in the ExAC group. A higher than expected frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was observed in genes not previously linked to osteosarcoma (eg, CDKN2A, MEN1, VHL, POT1, APC, MSH2, and ATRX) and in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated gene, TP53. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, approximately one-fourth of patients with osteosarcoma unselected for family history had a highly penetrant germline mutation requiring additional follow-up analysis and possible genetic counseling with cascade testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roelof Koster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Karlins
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Matthew Gianferante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maisa Pinheiro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio S Petrilli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Gutierrez-Jimeno
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fernanda Amary
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Nilgün Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Ergurhan Ilhan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy A Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Trottier AM, Godley LA. Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies: overcoming barriers and exploring opportunities. Br J Haematol 2020; 194:663-676. [PMID: 33615436 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies, due to deleterious germline variants in a variety of genes, is an important clinical entity with implications for the health and management of patients and their family members. Unfortunately, there remain several common misconceptions in this field that can result in patients going unrecognised and/or having incomplete or improper testing including: the impression that inherited haematological malignancy syndromes are rare, that myeloid and lymphoid malignancy predisposition syndromes are mutually exclusive, and that solid tumour predisposition syndromes are unique and distinct from haematopoietic malignancy predisposition syndromes. In the present review, we challenge these ideas with our insights into germline genetic testing for these conditions with the hope that increased awareness and knowledge will overcome barriers and lead to improved diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trottier
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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49
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Pang LK, Pena M, Zhao R, Lee DF. Modeling of osteosarcoma with induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102006. [PMID: 33022533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer. Osteosarcoma is commonly associated with TP53 inactivation (around 95% of cases) and RB1 inactivation (around 28% of cases). With the discovery of reprogramming factors to induce pluripotency even in terminally differentiated cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a promising disease model. iPSC-based disease modeling uniquely recapitulates disease phenotypes and can support discoveries into disease etiology and is used extensively today to study a variety of diseases, including cancers. This paper focuses on iPSC-based modeling of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), an autosomal dominant disorder commonly associated with TP53 mutation and high osteosarcoma incidence. As iPSCs are increasingly utilized as a platform for cancer modeling, the experimental approaches that we discuss here may serve as a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon Kai Pang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mezthly Pena
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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50
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Capasso M, Montella A, Tirelli M, Maiorino T, Cantalupo S, Iolascon A. Genetic Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590033. [PMID: 33194750 PMCID: PMC7656777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses over the past years have extensively improved our capacity to use genome-scale analyses—including high-density genotyping and exome and genome sequencing—to identify the genetic basis of pediatric tumors. In particular, exome sequencing has contributed to the evidence that about 10% of children and adolescents with tumors have germline genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic variations predisposing to solid pediatric tumors (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma) and outline the biological processes affected by the involved mutated genes. A careful description of the genetic basis underlying a large number of syndromes associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer is also reported. We place particular emphasis on the emerging view that interactions between germline and somatic alterations are a key determinant of cancer development. We propose future research directions, which focus on the biological function of pediatric risk alleles and on the potential links between the germline genome and somatic changes. Finally, the importance of developing new molecular diagnostic tests including all the identified risk germline mutations and of considering the genetic predisposition in screening tests and novel therapies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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