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Shi Z, Shen J, Qiu J, Zhao Q, Hua K, Wang H. CXCL10 potentiates immune checkpoint blockade therapy in homologous recombination-deficient tumors. Theranostics 2021; 11:7175-7187. [PMID: 34158843 PMCID: PMC8210593 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a common molecular characteristic of genomic instability, and has been proven to be a biomarker for target therapy. However, until now, no research has explored the changes in the transcriptomics landscape of HRD tumors. Methods: The HRD score was established from SNP array data of breast cancer patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The transcriptome data of patients with different HRD scores were analyzed to identify biomarkers associated with HRD. The candidate biomarkers were validated in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and immunotherapy cohorts. Results: Based on data from the gene expression profile and clinical characteristics from 1310 breast cancer patients, including TCGA database and GEO database, we found that downstream targets of the cGAS-STING pathway, such as CXCL10, were upregulated in HRD tumors and could be used as a predictor of survival outcome in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Further comprehensive analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) revealed that the expression of CXCL10 was positively correlated with neoantigen load and infiltrating immune cells. Finally, in vivo experimental data and clinical trial data confirmed that the expression of CXCL10 could be used as a biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Conclusions: Together, our study not only revealed that CXCL10 is associated with HRD but also introduced a potential new perspective for identifying prognostic biomarkers of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regualtion, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regualtion, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regualtion, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regualtion, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regualtion, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
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Zhang W, Jin J, Wang Y, Fang L, Min L, Wang X, Ding L, Weng L, Xiao T, Zhou T, Wang P. PD-L1 regulates genomic stability via interaction with cohesin-SA1 in the nucleus. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:81. [PMID: 33627620 PMCID: PMC7904913 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Weng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tan Xiao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Schmit M, Bielinsky AK. Congenital Diseases of DNA Replication: Clinical Phenotypes and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E911. [PMID: 33477564 PMCID: PMC7831139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication can be divided into three major steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Each time a human cell divides, these steps must be reiteratively carried out. Disruption of DNA replication can lead to genomic instability, with the accumulation of point mutations or larger chromosomal anomalies such as rearrangements. While cancer is the most common class of disease associated with genomic instability, several congenital diseases with dysfunctional DNA replication give rise to similar DNA alterations. In this review, we discuss all congenital diseases that arise from pathogenic variants in essential replication genes across the spectrum of aberrant replisome assembly, origin activation and DNA synthesis. For each of these conditions, we describe their clinical phenotypes as well as molecular studies aimed at determining the functional mechanisms of disease, including the assessment of genomic stability. By comparing and contrasting these diseases, we hope to illuminate how the disruption of DNA replication at distinct steps affects human health in a surprisingly cell-type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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4
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Zhi H, Guo X, Ho YK, Pasupala N, Engstrom HAA, Semmes OJ, Giam CZ. RNF8 Dysregulation and Down-regulation During HTLV-1 Infection Promote Genomic Instability in Adult T-Cell Leukemia. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008618. [PMID: 32453758 PMCID: PMC7274470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic instability associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is causally linked to Tax, the HTLV-1 viral oncoprotein, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We have previously shown that Tax hijacks and aberrantly activates ring finger protein 8 (RNF8) — a lysine 63 (K63)-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase critical for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair signaling — to assemble K63-linked polyubiquitin chains (K63-pUbs) in the cytosol. Tax and the cytosolic K63-pUbs, in turn, initiate additional recruitment of linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) to produce hybrid K63-M1 pUbs, which trigger a kinase cascade that leads to canonical IKK:NF-κB activation. Here we demonstrate that HTLV-1-infected cells are impaired in DNA damage response (DDR). This impairment correlates with the induction of microscopically visible nuclear speckles by Tax known as the Tax-speckle structures (TSS), which act as pseudo DNA damage signaling scaffolds that sequester DDR factors such as BRCA1, DNA-PK, and MDC1. We show that TSS co-localize with Tax, RNF8 and K63-pUbs, and their formation depends on RNF8. Tax mutants defective or attenuated in inducing K63-pUb assembly are deficient or tempered in TSS induction and DDR impairment. Finally, our results indicate that loss of RNF8 expression reduces HTLV-1 viral gene expression and frequently occurs in ATL cells. Thus, during HTLV-1 infection, Tax activates RNF8 to assemble nuclear K63-pUbs that sequester DDR factors in Tax speckles, disrupting DDR signaling and DSB repair. Down-regulation of RNF8 expression is positively selected during infection and progression to disease, and further exacerbates the genomic instability of ATL. Approximately 3–5% of HTLV-1-infected individuals develop an intractable malignancy called adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) decades after infection. Unlike other leukemia, ATL is characterized by extensive genomic instability. Here we show that the genomic instability of ATL is associated with the hijacking and aberrant activation of a molecule known as ring finger protein 8 (RNF8) by HTLV-1 for viral replication. RNF8 is crucial for initiating the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most deleterious DNA damage. Its dysregulation in HTLV-1-infected cells results in the formation of pseudo DNA damage signaling scaffolds known as Tax speckle structures that sequester critical repair factors, causing an inability to repair DSBs efficiently. We have further found that loss of RNF8 expression reduces HTLV-1 viral replication and frequently occurs in ATL of all types. This likely facilitates the immune evasion of virus-infected cells, but degrades their ability to repair DSBs and exacerbates the genomic instability of ATL cells. Since DDR defects impact cancer response to DNA-damaging radiation and chemotherapies, RNF8 deficiency in ATL may be exploited for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology The Leroy T. Canoles Jr Cancer Research Center Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Yik-Khuan Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nagesh Pasupala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hampus Alexander Anders Engstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology The Leroy T. Canoles Jr Cancer Research Center Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Oliver John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology The Leroy T. Canoles Jr Cancer Research Center Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OJS); (C-ZG)
| | - Chou-Zen Giam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OJS); (C-ZG)
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5
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Giudice A, Crispo A, Grimaldi M, Polo A, Bimonte S, Capunzo M, Amore A, D'Arena G, Cerino P, Budillon A, Botti G, Costantini S, Montella M. The Effect of Light Exposure at Night (LAN) on Carcinogenesis via Decreased Nocturnal Melatonin Synthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:E1308. [PMID: 29844288 PMCID: PMC6100442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a master clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region that receives input from the retina that is transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN controls the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland that can influence the activity of the clock's genes and be involved in the inhibition of cancer development. On the other hand, in the literature, some papers highlight that artificial light exposure at night (LAN)-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In the present review, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which LAN-evoked disruption of the nocturnal increase in melatonin synthesis counteracts its preventive action on human cancer development and progression. In detail, we discuss: (i) the Warburg effect related to tumor metabolism modification; (ii) genomic instability associated with L1 activity; and (iii) regulation of immunity, including regulatory T cell (Treg) regulation and activity. A better understanding of these processes could significantly contribute to new treatment and prevention strategies against hormone-related cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Polo
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Abdominal Surgical Oncology and Hepatobiliary Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno (IZSM), 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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6
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Mackenzie KJ, Carroll P, Martin CA, Murina O, Fluteau A, Simpson DJ, Olova N, Sutcliffe H, Rainger JK, Leitch A, Osborn RT, Wheeler AP, Nowotny M, Gilbert N, Chandra T, Reijns MAM, Jackson AP. cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity. Nature 2017; 548:461-465. [PMID: 28738408 PMCID: PMC5870830 DOI: 10.1038/nature23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1022] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA is strictly compartmentalized within the nucleus to prevent autoimmunity; despite this, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic sensor of double-stranded DNA, is activated in autoinflammatory disorders and by DNA damage. Precisely how cellular DNA gains access to the cytoplasm remains to be determined. Here, we report that cGAS localizes to micronuclei arising from genome instability in a mouse model of monogenic autoinflammation, after exogenous DNA damage and spontaneously in human cancer cells. Such micronuclei occur after mis-segregation of DNA during cell division and consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane. Breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, leads to rapid accumulation of cGAS, providing a mechanism by which self-DNA becomes exposed to the cytosol. cGAS is activated by chromatin, and consistent with a mitotic origin, micronuclei formation and the proinflammatory response following DNA damage are cell-cycle dependent. By combining live-cell laser microdissection with single cell transcriptomics, we establish that interferon-stimulated gene expression is induced in micronucleated cells. We therefore conclude that micronuclei represent an important source of immunostimulatory DNA. As micronuclei formed from lagging chromosomes also activate this pathway, recognition of micronuclei by cGAS may act as a cell-intrinsic immune surveillance mechanism that detects a range of neoplasia-inducing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Mackenzie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paula Carroll
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carol-Anne Martin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olga Murina
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adeline Fluteau
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nelly Olova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Sutcliffe
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacqueline K Rainger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Leitch
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruby T Osborn
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ann P Wheeler
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nick Gilbert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin A M Reijns
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mouw KW, Goldberg MS, Konstantinopoulos PA, D'Andrea AD. DNA Damage and Repair Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Response. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:675-693. [PMID: 28630051 PMCID: PMC5659200 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damaging agents are widely used in clinical oncology and exploit deficiencies in tumor DNA repair. Given the expanding role of immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic strategy, the interaction of tumor DNA damage with the immune system has recently come into focus, and it is now clear that the tumor DNA repair landscape has an important role in driving response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which DNA damage and genomic instability have been found to shape the antitumor immune response and describe clinical efforts to use DNA repair biomarkers to guide use of immune-directed therapies.Significance: Only a subset of patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade, and reliable predictive biomarkers of response are needed to guide therapy decisions. DNA repair deficiency is common among tumors, and emerging experimental and clinical evidence suggests that features of genomic instability are associated with response to immune-directed therapies. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 675-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis A Konstantinopoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Medical Gynecology Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yaghmour G, Pandey M, Ireland C, Patel K, Nunnery S, Powell D, Baum S, Wiedower E, Schwartzberg LS, Martin MG. Role of Genomic Instability in Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:4033-4038. [PMID: 27466509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated whether tumor genome sequencing to detect the number and type of alterations could be used as a valuable biomarker for judging the potential utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified patients with solid tumors who were treated with checkpoint inibitors and had received commercially available next generation sequencing (NGS). Tumors profiled by Caris Life Sciences, Foundation Medicine and Guardant360 between 2013 and 2015. Patients were divided into 5 quintiles based on mutational load (pathogenic mutations plus variants of undetermined significance). RESULTS Fifty patients with solid tumors on immunotherapy that had NGS reports available were identified. Top quintile patients had more genomic alterations (median=16.5) than the others (median=2) and had more pathogenic mutations in cell-cycle regulatory genes (100% versus 48%). The overall survival (OS) was significantly superior for patients in the top quintile (722 days) versus the others (432 days). We found no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups. The objective response rate was numerically higher for the top quintile (50%) vs. others (20%). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) status by immunohistochemistry was not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSION The use of immune checkpoint blockade in tumors with higher mutational load was associated with improved OS. Our results suggest that the evaluation of tumor genomes may be predictive of immunotherapy benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Yaghmour
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A.
| | - Manjari Pandey
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Catherine Ireland
- Department of Internal Medicine, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Kruti Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Sara Nunnery
- Department of Internal Medicine, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Powell
- Department of Oncologic Radiology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Scott Baum
- Department of Oncologic Radiology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Eric Wiedower
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Lee S Schwartzberg
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
| | - Michael G Martin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The West Cancer Center, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, U.S.A
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9
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Vacchio MS, Olaru A, Livak F, Hodes RJ. ATM deficiency impairs thymocyte maturation because of defective resolution of T cell receptor alpha locus coding end breaks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6323-8. [PMID: 17405860 PMCID: PMC1851038 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611222104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) protein plays a central role in sensing and responding to DNA double-strand breaks. Lymphoid cells are unique in undergoing physiologic double-strand breaks in the processes of Ig class switch recombination and T or B cell receptor V(D)J recombination, and a role for ATM in these processes has been suggested by clinical observations in ataxia telangiectasia patients as well as in engineered mice with mutations in the Atm gene. We demonstrate here a defect in thymocyte maturation in ATM-deficient mice that is associated with decreased efficiency in V-J rearrangement of the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR)alpha locus, accompanied by increased frequency of unresolved TCR Jalpha coding end breaks. We also demonstrate that a functionally rearranged TCRalphabeta transgene is sufficient to restore thymocyte maturation, whereas increased thymocyte survival by bcl-2 cannot improve TCRalpha recombination and T cell development. These data indicate a direct role for ATM in TCR gene recombination in vivo that is critical for surface TCR expression in CD4(+)CD8(+) cells and for efficient thymocyte selection. We propose a unified model for the two major clinical characteristics of ATM deficiency, defective T cell maturation and increased genomic instability, frequently affecting the TCRalpha locus. In the absence of ATM, delayed TCRalpha coding joint formation results both in a reduction of alphabeta TCR-expressing immature cells, leading to inefficient thymocyte selection, and in accumulation of unstable open chromosomal DNA breaks, predisposing to TCRalpha locus-associated chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Vacchio
- *Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Alexandru Olaru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Richard J. Hodes
- *Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 4B36, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail:
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Chouaib S. Tumor escape from the immune response: a major hurdle for successful immunotherapy of cancer? Tunis Med 2005; 83 Suppl 12:7-10. [PMID: 16430055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Death/immunology
- Forecasting
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genes, p53/immunology
- Genomic Instability/drug effects
- Genomic Instability/genetics
- Genomic Instability/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/methods
- Immunization, Passive/trends
- Immunotherapy, Active/methods
- Immunotherapy, Active/trends
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Chouaib
- INSERM U487-Immunologie des tumeurs Humaines, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Reina-San-Martin B, Nussenzweig MC, Nussenzweig A, Difilippantonio S. Genomic instability, endoreduplication, and diminished Ig class-switch recombination in B cells lacking Nbs1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:1590-5. [PMID: 15668392 PMCID: PMC547831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406289102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 form an evolutionarily conserved protein complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1, MRN) that has been proposed to function as a DNA damage sensor. Hypomorphic mutations in Mre11 and Nbs1 result in the human ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), respectively. In contrast, complete inactivation of Mre11, Rad50, or Nbs1 leads to early embryonic lethality, suggesting that the hypomorphic mutations may fail to reveal some of the essential functions of MRN. Here, we use Cre-loxP-mediated recombination to restrict Nbs1 deletion to B lymphocytes. We find that disruption of Nbs1 results in the accumulation of high levels of spontaneous DNA damage, impaired proliferation, and chromosomal endoreduplication. Moreover, we show that Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) is diminished in Nbs1-deficient B cells. The CSR defect is B cell-intrinsic, independent of switch-region transcription, and a consequence of inefficient recombination at the DNA level. Our findings reveal that Nbs1 is critical for efficient Ig CSR and maintenance of the integrity of chromosomal structure and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Reina-San-Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Dzhambazov B, Teneva I, Koleva L, Asparuhova D, Popov N. Morphological, genetic and functional variability of a T-cell hybridoma line. Folia Biol (Praha) 2004; 49:87-94. [PMID: 12779018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The variability in the morphology, modal number of chromosomes, TCR expression and functional reactivity of a CII-specific T-cell hybridoma at continuous subcultivation have been investigated. As the number of passages increased, besides the oval semiadherent cells (normal phenotype), fibroblast-like cells (transformed phenotype) were also observed. The two cell subpopulations differed in their karyotype characteristic, as well as in their functional reactivity. The cell population with a normal phenotype was characterized by a tetramodal number of chromosomes (30, 40, 48 and 70) and trisomies of chromosomes 6 and 14, while the cell population with a transformed phenotype was characterized by a trimodal number of chromosomes (11, 68 and 74) and trisomy of chromosome 12. A nullisomy of sex chromosomes was established in both types of cells. In the initial passages of subcultivation, 73.04% of the cells with a normal morphological phenotype expressed TCR-CD3 complexes on their surface and possessed high functional reactivity. After a two-week subcultivation, the values of these indices went down considerably: 46.11% of the cells expressed functional TCR-CD3 complexes, as a result of which their functional reactivity decreased. Only 2.71% of the cells with a transformed morphological phenotype expressed functional TCR-CD3 complexes on their surface. In these cells, a total loss of reactivity towards the specific antigens was established. The achieved results show that at continuous subcultivation the T-cell hybridomas are unstable, and with the increase in the number of passages there appear chromosome rearrangements, leading to loss of their functional reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dzhambazov
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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