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Jiménez-Berríos GA, Vázquez-Folch SJ, Izquierdo N. Open-Angle and Steroid-Induced Glaucoma in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Dangerous Liaison. Cureus 2024; 16:e55632. [PMID: 38586746 PMCID: PMC10996434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) may develop open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. We conducted a chart review of patients with RP. Two siblings with RP associated with a mutation in the PDE6B gene (c. 1540del, p.Leu514Trpfs*61) developed cystoid macular edema (CME) as part of the disease. For this reason, they both underwent intravitreal steroid injections. Both brothers developed steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG). Despite undergoing maximal medical therapy, they underwent seton implants to control their intraocular pressure. A third female patient with RP due to a mutation in the RPGR gene underwent cataract surgery. Topical steroids were prescribed and developed SIG. Increased intraocular pressure remains a complication of topical, injected, and systemic steroids. However, steroids may be needed to treat post-operatively and patients with CME. This case series unveils a complex association between RP and key comorbidities in these patients, with a focus on cataracts, glaucoma, and macular edema. Cataract surgery in patients with RP shows a link to the emergence of glaucoma, particularly in those with RPGR and PDE6B gene mutations, revealing a novel association with PDE6B mutations not previously documented. Furthermore, the paper explores a unique parallel with Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome, suggesting that patients with RP undergoing cataract surgery may develop increased intraocular pressure due to an outflow disturbance akin to Schwartz syndrome. This novel perspective deepens our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing intraocular pressure dynamics in patients with RP. To our knowledge, this is the first report of steroid-induced glaucoma in patients with RP due to mutations in the PDE6B gene. Intraocular pressure evaluation remains of utmost importance in the follow-up of patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalio Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PRI
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Luo HD, Pei SN, Wang AJ, Yu XQ, Hu HJ, Zeng L, Wang FF, Jin M, Zhang X. A pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and its concomitant ophthalmic diseases. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1962-1970. [PMID: 38111930 PMCID: PMC10700071 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize the ophthalmic clinical phenotype of a family with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and closed-angle glaucoma and to detect pathogenic genes and mutation sites causing RP in this family. METHODS Ophthalmic clinic performance was examined in detail in 8 enrolled family members. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 4 family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) to select potential genetic mutations whose structures were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Then, Sanger sequencing was used in 12 family members and control group members to validate and confirm the disease-causing mutation loci, and we analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships. RESULTS The known c.512C>T (p.P171L) mutation in the rhodopsin (RHO) gene was only found in afflicted family members and was confirmed by WES and Sanger sequencing as the pathogenic mutation in this family. In addition to being diagnosed with RP, family member III:4 was found to have bilateral closed-angle glaucoma, high myopia, and concurrent cataracts, and family members II:2 and II:4 had pathological changes of anterior chamber angle narrowing. Family members IV:3 and IV:4 were found to have retinoschisis. CONCLUSION Glaucoma and related pathological changes, such as retinoschisis, in family members are preliminarily considered RP complications caused by RHO mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dou Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Nan Pei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ai-Jia Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Jian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Liu Z, Wang H, He X, Tao D, Li L. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220532. [PMID: 36713053 PMCID: PMC9843229 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic background of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) due to rarity of patients. In this study, we identified two pathogenic variants in RPGRIP1 in a 2-year-old boy with PPRCA screened by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The patient presented to our department with photophobia for 17 months, and then he underwent fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the proband and the parents. Trio-WES strategy was utilized to identify the causal variants from the proband and the parents, followed by validation based on Sanger sequencing. The patient was finally diagnosed with PPRCA after differential diagnosis. Two heterozygous pathogenic variants were detected by WES according to the American college of medical genetics and genomics guidelines, including NM_020366.4: c.2592T > G: p.Y864* and NM_020366.4: c.154C > T: p.R52* in RPGRIP1 located in exon 17 and exon 3, leading to termination codon, respectively. This is the first study reporting pathogenic variants within RPGRIP1 as causal for PPRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650228, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, No. 288, Qianxing Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650228, China
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Selvan H, Gupta S, Wiggs JL, Gupta V. Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma - A clinical and genetic update. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1099-1117. [PMID: 34536459 PMCID: PMC9192165 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a subset of primary open-angle glaucoma that is diagnosed before 40 years of age. The disease may be familial or non-familial, with proportions varying among different populations. Myocilin mutations are the most commonly associated. JOAG is characterized by high intraocular pressures (IOP), with many patients needing surgery. The mean age at diagnosis is in the 3rd decade, with a male preponderance. Myopia is a common association. The pathophysiology underlying the disease is immaturity of the conventional outflow pathways, which may or may not be observed on gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The unique optic nerve head features include large discs with deep, steep cupping associated with high IOP-induced damage. Progression rates among JOAG patients are comparable to adult primary glaucomas, but as the disease affects younger patients, the projected disability from this disease is higher. Early diagnosis, prompt management, and life-long monitoring play an important role in preventing disease progression. Gene-based therapies currently under investigation offer future hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harathy Selvan
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Viney Gupta
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa May Have a Higher Risk of Developing Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:9719095. [PMID: 35783342 PMCID: PMC9242799 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9719095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common retinal hereditary dystrophy, which can lead to blindness if it progresses. Similarly, open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a genetic disorder. The similarities in genetic variants and pathophysiology between RP and OAG have been reported. We sought to explore whether patients with RP have a significantly higher risk of OAG development. Methods We enrolled patients with RP into the RP group through Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2013; we included a comparison group of 1 : 4 age- and gender-matched individuals without RP. We performed a Cox regression analysis to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for OAG. We adjusted the following confounders in the Cox regression model: age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Results We enrolled 6,223 subjects with RP and 24,892 subjects for comparison. The mean age of the cohort was 49.0 ± 18.1 years. The RP group had significantly higher percentages of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. The cumulative incidence of OAG in patients with RP was 1.57%; this was significantly higher than that in the comparison group (0.58%, p < 0.0001). On univariate Cox regression analysis, the hazard of OAG development was significantly greater in the RP group than in the comparison group with an unadjusted HR of 2.86 (95% confidence interval, 2.21–3.70). The increased risk persisted after adjusting for confounders (adjusted HR = 2.86; 95% CI, 2.21–3.70). Conclusions This nationwide population-based cohort study showed that people with RP are at a significantly greater risk of developing OAG than individuals without it.
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Amin D, Kuwajima T. Differential Retinal Ganglion Cell Vulnerability, A Critical Clue for the Identification of Neuroprotective Genes in Glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:905352. [PMID: 38983528 PMCID: PMC11182220 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.905352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the neurons in the retina which directly project to the brain and transmit visual information along the optic nerve. Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and degeneration of the optic nerve, which is followed by RGC death. Currently, there are no clinical therapeutic drugs or molecular interventions that prevent RGC death outside of IOP reduction. In order to overcome these major barriers, an increased number of studies have utilized the following combined analytical methods: well-established rodent models of glaucoma including optic nerve injury models and transcriptomic gene expression profiling, resulting in the successful identification of molecules and signaling pathways relevant to RGC protection. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of pathological features in a variety of animal models of glaucoma and top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) depending on disease progression, RGC subtypes, retinal regions or animal species. By comparing top DEGs among those different transcriptome profiles, we discuss whether commonly listed DEGs could be defined as potential novel therapeutic targets in glaucoma, which will facilitate development of future therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for treatments of human patients in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwarkesh Amin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050886. [PMID: 35624748 PMCID: PMC9137739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment option is to lower intraocular pressure. A better understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis will help us to develop novel therapeutic options. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species producing processes overcoming anti-oxidant defensive processes. Oxidative stress works in a synergistic fashion with endoplasmic reticulum stress, to drive glaucomatous damage to trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. We discuss the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and their connections including their key intermediary, calcium. We highlight therapeutic options aimed at disrupting these pathways and discuss their potential role in glaucoma treatment.
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Shah MH, Kumaran M, Chermakani P, Kader MA, Ramakrishnan R, Krishnadas SR, Devarajan B, Sundaresan P. Whole-exome sequencing identifies multiple pathogenic variants in a large South Indian family with primary open-angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2461-2468. [PMID: 34427245 PMCID: PMC8544095 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3301_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify the pathogenic variants associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of a large South Indian family. Methods: We recruited a large five-generation South Indian family (n = 84) with a positive family history of POAG (n = 19). All study participants had a comprehensive ocular evaluation. We performed WES for 16 samples (nine POAG and seven unaffected controls) since Sanger sequencing of the POAG candidate genes (MYOC, OPTN, and TBK1) showed no genetic variation. We used an in-house pipeline for prioritizing the pathogenic variants based on their segregation among the POAG individual. Results: We identified one novel and five low-frequency pathogenic variants with consistent co-segregation in all affected individuals. The variant c.G3719A in RPGR-interacting domain of RPGRIP1 that segregated heterozygously with the six POAG cases is distinct from variants causing photoreceptor dystrophies, reported affecting the RPGR protein complex signaling in primary cilia. The cilia in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells has been reported to mediate the intraocular pressure (IOP) sensation. Furthermore, we identified a novel c.A1295G variant in Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors Gene 40 (ARHGEF40) and a likely pathogenic variant in the RPGR gene, suggesting that they may alter the RhoA activity essential for IOP regulation. Conclusion: Our study supports that low-frequency pathogenic variants in multiple genes and pathways probably affect Primary Open Angle Glaucoma’s pathogenesis in the large South Indian family. Furthermore, it requires larger case-controls to perform family-based association tests and to strengthen our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hussain Shah
- Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
| | - Manojkumar Kumaran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA (Deemed to be University), Thanjavur, India
| | - Prakash Chermakani
- Department of Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation; Department of Molecular Biology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - R Ramakrishnan
- Glaucoma Clinic, Aravind Eye Hospital, Tirunelveli, India
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Li WN, Du XJ, Zhang YT, Wang LY, Zhu J. A novel mutation in the PRPH2 gene in a Chinese pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and angle-closure glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34399712 PMCID: PMC8369728 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare, progressive, and hereditary disorder that leads to the progressive loss of vision and visual field, and in some cases blindness. The specific relationship between RP and glaucoma has been debated for decades. Methods In this study, we examined a Han RP family with concomitant angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), performed an inductive analysis of their clinical features and assistant results, and applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology for a molecular diagnosis. Results A novel transversion mutation (c.626 T > A) was identified in the peripherin-2 (PRPH2) gene in the proband, resulting in the substitution of Valine to aspartic acid in codon 209. A full ophthalmic examination showed that the proband with the c.626 T > A mutation had a typical RP manifestation, with close angles; however, the proband’s elder brother, who lacked the novel mutation, had a normal fundus and open angles. Conclusion Our results extend the genetic mutation spectrum of PRPH2 in RP, and provide evidence to support a genetic correlation between RP and ACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ning Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Du
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, Shandong, 250002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Tan L, Long Y, Li Z, Ying X, Ren J, Sun C, Meng X, Li S. Ocular abnormalities in a large patient cohort with retinitis pigmentosa in Western China. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33461530 PMCID: PMC7812647 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and investigate visual acuity in a large cohort of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients in Western China. Methods The medical records and ophthalmic examination reports of 2127 eyes of 1065 RP patients at one eye hospital were retrospectively reviewed to determined the prevalence of ocular abnormalities and the relationship between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular abnormalities. Results Nyctalopia (58.2%) and blurred vision (27.1%) were the leading reasons for RP patients to request an ophthalmic examination. BCVA measurements in the better eyes at first clinical presentation showed that 304 patients (28.5%) were categorised as blind and 220 patients (20.7%) as low vision. The most common ocular abnormalities were macular abnormalities (59.7%) and cataracts (43.1%). The macular abnormalities included epiretinal membranes (51.1%), cystoid macular edema (18.4%), vitreomacular traction syndrome (2.4%), macular holes (2.3%) and choroidal neovascular membranes (0.05%). Glaucoma was found in 35 eyes (1.6%). The proportions of epiretinal membranes (p = 0.001) and macular holes (p = 0.008) increased significantly with age. Cystoid macular edema was significantly associated with poorer visual acuity in RP patients with clear lens (p = 0.002). Conclusion Cataracts and macular abnormalities are common in RP patients. Of the macular abnormalities, cystoid macular edema may have a negative effect on BCVA in RP patients with clear lens. Therefore, optical coherence tomography screening in RP patients is highly recommended for early detection and treatment of maculopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-020-01797-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Tan
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanling Long
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Ying
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiayun Ren
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Meng
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shiying Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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New Omics-Derived Perspectives on Retinal Dystrophies: Could Ion Channels-Encoding or Related Genes Act as Modifier of Pathological Phenotype? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010070. [PMID: 33374679 PMCID: PMC7793472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are membrane-spanning integral proteins expressed in multiple organs, including the eye. Here, ion channels play a role in several physiological processes, like signal transmission and visual processing. A wide range of mutations have been reported in the corresponding genes and their interacting subunit coding genes, which contribute significantly to a wide spectrum of ocular diseases collectively called channelopathies, a subgroup of inherited retinal dystrophies. Such mutations result in either a loss or gain-of channel functions affecting the structure, assembly, trafficking and localization of channel proteins. We investigated the probands of seven Italian and Egyptian families affected by not completely defined forms of inherited retinal dystrophies, by whole exome sequencing (WES) experiments, and found interesting variants in already known causative genes probably able to impair retinal functionalities. However, because such variants did not completely explain the phenotype manifested by each patient, we proceed to further investigate possible related genes carrying mutations that might complement previously found data, based on the common aspect linked to neurotransmission impairments. We found 10 mutated genes whose variants might alter important ligand binding sites differently distributed through all considered patients. Such genes encode for ion channels, or their regulatory proteins, and strictly interact with known causative genes, also sharing with them synaptic-related pathways. Taking into account several limitations that will be resolved by further experiments, we believe that our exploratory investigation will help scientists to provide a new promising paradigm for precise diagnosis of retinal dystrophies to facilitate the development of rational treatments.
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Zhang X, Li S, Tang Y, Guo Y, Gao S. Intractable Ocular Diseases and Treatment Progress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:236. [PMID: 32803351 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the aging of the population and the frequent use of electronic devices, many eye diseases have shown a linear upward trend, such as dry eye disease, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. These diseases are often chronic and difficult to cure. Based on the structure and barrier of the human eye, this review describes the pathogenesis and treatments of several intractable eye diseases and summarizes the advanced ocular drug delivery systems to provide new treatment ideas for these diseases. Finally, we also look forward to the prospect of RNAi therapy in the treatment of eye diseases.
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Liu X, Li J, Lin S, Xiao X, Luo J, Wei W, Ling Y, Fang L, Xiao H, Chen L, Huang J, Zhong Y, Zhang Q. Evaluation of the genetic association between early-onset primary angle-closure glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108118. [PMID: 32562694 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) can co-occur, but the mechanism of their association is not yet established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in ocular biometry parameters and molecular genetics in patients with PACG with or without RP, and to determine the association between PACG and RP. Patients with early-onset PACG (age of onset <45 years) with or without RP were selected from the glaucoma outpatient department after full ocular examinations by the same glaucoma specialist (LX). Ocular biometry parameters were statistically analyzed. Blood samples were collected from the probands, and genomic DNA was sent out for whole exome sequencing. Variants in 326 selected genes, were extracted from the whole exome sequencing data and filtered using multiple bioinformatics analysis. The 326 genes included 10 PACG-associated genes from two genome wide association studies; 45 genes associated with anterior segment dysgenesis, microcornea, and microphthalmia; and 271 RetNet genes. Potential pathogenic variants (PPV) were obtained and underwent further genotype-phenotype analysis. As a result, a total of 32 probands with early-onset PACG were collected; nine had accompanying RP. No significant differences were noted for ocular biometry parameters between patients with PACG with RP and with PACG alone. Systematic analysis of the variants revealed that 16 of 32 probands (50%) carried PPV in 15 of 326 genes, including 14 RetNet genes and one anterior segment dysgenesis-associated gene. Of these 16 probands with PPV, five (55.56%) were from the group of nine probands with both had PACG and RP and 11 (47.83%) were from the group of 23 probands with PACG alone. Of the 15 genes, five genes, CRB1, COL2A1, RHO, RP1L1, and PAX6, were reported to cause phenotypes including glaucoma. The variants in RetNet genes appeared to be associated with a significant proportion of PACG, especially in probands with both PACG and RP. These findings enrich the phenotype spectrum of RetNet genes and provide clues for genetic screening for glaucoma. Our study suggests a genetic association between PACG and RP, although the cause-effect relationship between them needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 515282, China
| | - Shufen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yunlan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yimin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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The Genetic and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114171. [PMID: 32545285 PMCID: PMC7312987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogenous, chronic, progressive group of eye diseases, which results in irreversible loss of vision. There are several types of glaucoma, whereas the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma, accounting for three-quarters of all glaucoma cases. The pathological mechanisms leading to POAG pathogenesis are multifactorial and still poorly understood, but it is commonly known that significantly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in POAG pathogenesis. Besides, genetic predisposition and aggregation of abrogated proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and subsequent activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dependent unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway may also constitute important factors for POAG pathogenesis at the molecular level. Glaucoma is commonly known as a ‘silent thief of sight’, as it remains asymptomatic until later stages, and thus its diagnosis is frequently delayed. Thereby, detailed knowledge about the glaucoma pathophysiology is necessary to develop both biochemical and genetic tests to improve its early diagnosis as well as develop a novel, ground-breaking treatment strategy, as currently used medical therapies against glaucoma are limited and may evoke numerous adverse side-effects in patients.
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15
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Trivli A, Koliarakis I, Terzidou C, Goulielmos GN, Siganos CS, Spandidos DA, Dalianis G, Detorakis ET. Normal-tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:563-574. [PMID: 30651837 PMCID: PMC6307418 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy which, similar to open-angle glaucomas, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss. The major distinction of NTG from open-angle glaucomas is that the intraocular pressure (IOP) does not exceed the normal range. Missing the major risk factor and target of therapy, the elevated IOP, NTG poses a clinical challenge. Several insightful reviews have been published on the pathophysiology of NTG describing the possible underlying mechanisms. The current literature available also suggests that a significant percentage of patients with NTG (as high as 21%) have a family history of glaucoma, indicating a genetic predisposition to the disease. These facts strengthen the indication that NTG remains an enigmatic process. The aim of this review was to summarize the vascular, mechanical and genetic components considered to be responsible for NTG development and to discuss the mechanisms through which they are involved in the pathogenesis of NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Trivli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konstantopouleio-Patission General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece.,Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Koliarakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chryssa Terzidou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konstantopouleio-Patission General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charalambos S Siganos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Dalianis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konstantopouleio-Patission General Hospital, 14233 Athens, Greece
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Wiegering A, Rüther U, Gerhardt C. The ciliary protein Rpgrip1l in development and disease. Dev Biol 2018; 442:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Wang HW, Sun P, Chen Y, Jiang LP, Wu HP, Zhang W, Gao F. Research progress on human genes involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:656-674. [PMID: 29845210 PMCID: PMC6059695 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. It is known that the incidence of glaucoma is closely associated with inheritance. A large number of studies have suggested that genetic factors are involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma, and even affect the drug sensitivity and prognosis of glaucoma. In the present review, 22 loci of glaucoma are presented, including the relevant genes (myocilin, interleukin 20 receptor subunit B, optineurin, ankyrin repeat- and SOCS box-containing protein 10, WD repeat-containing protein 36, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, neurotrophin 4, TANK-binding kinase 1, cytochrome P450 subfamily I polypeptide 1, latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 2 and TEK tyrosine kinase endothelial) and 74 other genes (including toll-like receptor 4, sine oculis homeobox Drosophila homolog of 1, doublecortin-like kinase 1, RE repeats-encoding gene, retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-interacting protein, lysyl oxidase-like protein 1, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 1A, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and nitric oxide synthase 3 and nanophthalmos 1) that are more closely associated with glaucoma. The pathogenesis of these glaucoma-associated genes, glaucomatous genetics and genetic approaches, as well as glaucomatous risk factors, including increasing age, glaucoma family history, high myopia, diabetes, ocular trauma, smoking, intraocular pressure increase and/or fluctuation were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Wu
- Department of The Scientific Research, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Hospital Administration, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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18
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Wang X, Zein WM, D'Souza L, Roberson C, Wetherby K, He H, Villarta A, Turriff A, Johnson KR, Fann YC. Applying next generation sequencing with microdroplet PCR to determine the disease-causing mutations in retinal dystrophies. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:157. [PMID: 28838317 PMCID: PMC5571584 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited Retinal dystrophy (IRD) is a broad group of inherited retinal disorders with heterogeneous genotypes and phenotypes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been broadly applied for analyzing patients with IRD. Here we report a novel approach to enrich the target gene panel by microdroplet PCR. Methods This assay involved a primer library which targeted 3071 amplicons from 2078 exons comprised of 184 genes involved in retinal function and/or retinal development. We amplified the target regions using the RainDance target enrichment PCR method and sequenced the products using the MiSeq NGS platform. Results In this study, we analyzed 82 samples from 67 families with IRD. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that this procedure was able to reach 99% coverage of target sequences with an average sequence depth of reads at 119×. The variants detected by this study were filtered, validated, and prioritized by pathogenicity analysis. Genotypes and phenotypes were correlated by determining a consistent relationship in 38 propands (56.7%). Pathogenic variants in genes related to retinal function were found in another 11 probands (16.4%), but the clinical correlations showed inconsistencies and insufficiencies in these patients. Conclusions The application of NGS in IRD clinical molecular diagnosis provides a powerful approach to exploring the etiology and pathology in patients. It is important for the clinical laboratory to interpret the molecular findings in the context of patient clinical presentations because accurate interpretation of pathogenic variants is critical for delivering solid clinical molecular diagnosis to clinicians and patients and improving the standard care of patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0549-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leera D'Souza
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chimere Roberson
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keith Wetherby
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hong He
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angela Villarta
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy Turriff
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10D43, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- Intramural IT and Bioinformatics Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yang C Fann
- Intramural IT and Bioinformatics Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bales KL, Gross AK. Aberrant protein trafficking in retinal degenerations: The initial phase of retinal remodeling. Exp Eye Res 2015; 150:71-80. [PMID: 26632497 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal trafficking proteins are involved in molecular assemblies that govern protein transport, orchestrate cellular events involved in cilia formation, regulate signal transduction, autophagy and endocytic trafficking, all of which if not properly controlled initiate retinal degeneration. Improper function and or trafficking of these proteins and molecular networks they are involved in cause a detrimental cascade of neural retinal remodeling due to cell death, resulting as devastating blinding diseases. A universal finding in retinal degenerative diseases is the profound detection of retinal remodeling, occurring as a phased modification of neural retinal function and structure, which begins at the molecular level. Retinal remodeling instigated by aberrant trafficking of proteins encompasses many forms of retinal degenerations, such as the diverse forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and disorders that resemble RP through mutations in the rhodopsin gene, retinal ciliopathies, and some forms of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As a large majority of genes associated with these different retinopathies are overlapping, it is imperative to understand their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review will discuss some of the most recent discoveries in vertebrate retinal remodeling and retinal degenerations caused by protein mistrafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bales
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alecia K Gross
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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20
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WHITE ANNULAR RETINAL DYSTROPHY WITH SEVERE GLAUCOMA: A New Autosomal Dominant Condition. Retina 2015; 36:619-23. [PMID: 26539796 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a family with a previously unreported characteristic retinal dystrophy and glaucoma. METHODS Seven family members were diagnosed with an atypical retinal dystrophy and open-angle glaucoma with rapid evolution. Ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, color photography, optic coherence tomography, central visual-field examination, and ultrasonography were performed. RESULTS Of the 7 patients, 3 had 360° of peripheral white retina and a broad white ring around the optic disc. In three others, it was not possible to observe the peripheral retina, but they also showed a white retinal ring around the optic disc. One patient showed posterior synechiae and iris neovascularization in one eye. The 37-year-old uncle of the proband had a probably related maculopathy. Five patients had severe glaucoma, and the youngest showed borderline intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION The authors report a new dominant retinal dystrophy associated with open-angle glaucoma. The early onset and rapidly progressive glaucoma of the patients is atypical.
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21
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Remans K, Bürger M, Vetter IR, Wittinghofer A. C2 domains as protein-protein interaction modules in the ciliary transition zone. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1-9. [PMID: 24981858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RPGR-interacting protein 1 (RPGRIP1) is mutated in the eye disease Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and its structural homolog, RPGRIP1-like (RPGRIP1L), is mutated in many different ciliopathies. Both are multidomain proteins that are predicted to interact with retinitis pigmentosa G-protein regulator (RPGR). RPGR is mutated in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and is located in photoreceptors and primary cilia. We solved the crystal structure of the complex between the RPGR-interacting domain (RID) of RPGRIP1 and RPGR and demonstrate that RPGRIP1L binds to RPGR similarly. RPGRIP1 binding to RPGR affects the interaction with PDEδ, the cargo shuttling factor for prenylated ciliary proteins. RPGRIP1-RID is a C2 domain with a canonical β sandwich structure that does not bind Ca(2+) and/or phospholipids and thus constitutes a unique type of protein-protein interaction module. Judging from the large number of C2 domains in most of the ciliary transition zone proteins identified thus far, the structure presented here seems to constitute a cilia-specific module that is present in multiprotein transition zone complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Remans
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Bürger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alfred Wittinghofer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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22
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Association of OPA1 polymorphisms with NTG and HTG: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42387. [PMID: 22879959 PMCID: PMC3411762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of the Optic atrophy 1 gene have been implicated in altering the risk of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), especially the susceptibility to normal tension glaucoma (NTG), but the results remain controversial. METHODS Multiple electronic databases (up to January 20, 2012) were searched independently by two investigators. A meta-analysis was performed on the association between Optic atrophy 1 polymorphisms (rs 166850 and rs 10451941) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG)/high tension glaucoma (HTG). Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS Seven studies of 713 cases and 964 controls for NTG and five studies of 1200 cases and 971 controls for HTG on IVS8+4C>T (rs 166850) and IVS8+32T>C (rs10451941) were identified. There were significant associations between the OPA1 rs10451941polymorphism and NTG susceptibility for all genetic models(C vs. T OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.47, p = 0.002; CC vs. TT: OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.04-2.20, p = 0.029; CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.16-2.33, p = 0.005; CC+CT vs. TT: OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44, p = 0.032). However, no evidence of associations was detected between the OPA1 IVS8+32C>T polymorphism and POAG susceptibility to HTG. Similarly, clear associations between the rs 166850 variant and NTG were observed in allelic and dominant models (T vs. C OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.16-1.99, p = 0.002; TT+TC vs. CC OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-2.01, p = 0.006) but not to HTG. In subgroup analyses by ethnicity, we detected an association between both OPA1 polymorphisms and risk for NTG in Caucasians but not in Asians. By contrast, no significant findings were noted between OPA1 variants for HTG, either in Caucasians or in Asians. CONCLUSIONS Both the IVS8+4C>T and IVS8+32T>C variants may affect individual susceptibility to NTG. Moreover, stratified analyses for NTG detecting the effects of both OPA1 polymorphisms seemed to vary with ethnicity. Further investigations are needed to validate the association.
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23
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Liu T, Xie L, Ye J, Liu Y, He X. Screening of candidate genes for primary open angle glaucoma. Mol Vis 2012; 18:2119-26. [PMID: 22876139 PMCID: PMC3413431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world. To make progress in understanding POAG, it is necessary to identify more POAG-causing genes. METHODS Using haplotype analysis, we found that mutational region is located on chromosome 2 in two families. Furthermore, we screened 11 candidate genes on chromosome 2 by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, including mutS homolog 6 (MSH6), mutS homolog 2 (MSH2), v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (REL), endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), vaccinia related kinase 2 (VRK2), F-box protein 11 (FBXO11), EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), reticulon 4 (RTN4), RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family (RAB1A), ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (ACTR2), and calmodulin 2 (phosphorylase kinase, delta; CALM2). These 11 genes are all predicted to be related to trabecular meshwork changes and progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells in POAG patients. RESULTS According to our study, FBXO11 and VRK2 may interact with tumor protein p53 to regulate mitochondrial membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane organization, and apoptosis. MSH2 is responsible for repairing DNA mismatches and RTN4 is for neuronal regeneration. Therefore, they are supposed to play a negative role in cellular process in POAG. CALM2 may be involved in retinal ganglion cell death and oxidative damage to cell communication. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the genes above may be associated with pathogenesis of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuewuyang Liu
- Ninth Team of the Cader Brigade of Third Military Medical University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangge He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of PLA, Chongqing, China
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Selective loss of RPGRIP1-dependent ciliary targeting of NPHP4, RPGR and SDCCAG8 underlies the degeneration of photoreceptor neurons. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e355. [PMID: 22825473 PMCID: PMC3406595 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) and nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4) comprise two key partners of the assembly complex of the RPGR-interacting protein 1 (RPGRIP1). Mutations in RPGR and NPHP4 are linked to severe multisystemic diseases with strong retinal involvement of photoreceptor neurons, whereas those in RPGRIP1 cause the fulminant photoreceptor dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Further, mutations in Rpgrip1 and Nphp4 suppress the elaboration of the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor neurons by elusive mechanisms, the understanding of which has critical implications in uncovering the pathogenesis of syndromic retinal dystrophies. Here we show RPGRIP1 localizes to the photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC) distally to the centriole/basal body marker, centrin-2 and the ciliary marker, acetylated-α-tubulin. NPHP4 abuts proximally RPGRIP1, RPGR and the serologically defined colon cancer antigen-8 (SDCCAG8), a protein thought to partake in the RPGRIP1 interactome and implicated also in retinal-renal ciliopathies. Ultrastructurally, RPGRIP1 localizes exclusively throughout the photoreceptor CC and Rpgrip1(nmf247) photoreceptors present shorter cilia with a ruffled membrane. Strikingly, Rpgrip1(nmf247) mice without RPGRIP1 expression lack NPHP4 and RPGR in photoreceptor cilia, whereas the SDCCAG8 and acetylated-α-tubulin ciliary localizations are strongly decreased, even though the NPHP4 and SDCCAG8 expression levels are unaffected and those of acetylated-α-tubulin and γ-tubulin are upregulated. Further, RPGRIP1 loss in photoreceptors shifts the subcellular partitioning of SDCCAG8 and NPHP4 to the membrane fraction associated to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conversely, the ciliary localization of these proteins is unaffected in glomeruli or tubular kidney cells of Rpgrip1(nmf247), but NPHP4 is downregulated developmentally and selectively in kidney cortex. Hence, RPGRIP1 presents cell type-dependent pathological effects crucial to the ciliary targeting and subcellular partitioning of NPHP4, RPGR and SDCCAG8, and acetylation of ciliary α-tubulin or its ciliary targeting, selectively in photoreceptors, but not kidney cells, and these pathological effects underlie photoreceptor degeneration and LCA.
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Patil H, Guruju MR, Cho KI, Yi H, Orry A, Kim H, Ferreira PA. Structural and functional plasticity of subcellular tethering, targeting and processing of RPGRIP1 by RPGR isoforms. Biol Open 2011; 1:140-60. [PMID: 23213406 PMCID: PMC3507198 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2011489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-interacting protein 1 (RPGRIP1) interactome cause syndromic retinal dystrophies. RPGRIP1 interacts with the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) through a domain homologous to RCC1 (RHD), a nucleotide exchange factor of Ran GTPase. However, functional relationships between RPGR and RPGRIP1 and their subcellular roles are lacking. We show by molecular modeling and analyses of RPGR disease-mutations that the RPGR-interacting domain (RID) of RPGRIP1 embraces multivalently the shared RHD of RPGR1–19 and RPGRORF15 isoforms and the mutations are non-overlapping with the interface found between RCC1 and Ran GTPase. RPGR disease-mutations grouped into six classes based on their structural locations and differential impairment with RPGRIP1 interaction. RPGRIP1α1 expression alone causes its profuse self-aggregation, an effect suppressed by co-expression of either RPGR isoform before and after RPGRIP1α1 self-aggregation ensue. RPGR1–19 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas RPGRORF15 presents cytosolic distribution and they determine uniquely the subcellular co-localization of RPGRIP1α1. Disease mutations in RPGR1–19, RPGRORF15, or RID of RPGRIP1α1, singly or in combination, exert distinct effects on the subcellular targeting, co-localization or tethering of RPGRIP1α1 with RPGR1–19 or RPGRORF15 in kidney, photoreceptor and hepatocyte cell lines. Additionally, RPGRORF15, but not RPGR1–19, protects the RID of RPGRIP1α1 from limited proteolysis. These studies define RPGR- and cell-type-dependent targeting pathways with structural and functional plasticity modulating the expression of mutations in RPGR and RPGRIP1. Further, RPGR isoforms distinctively determine the subcellular targeting of RPGRIP1α1, with deficits in RPGRORF15-dependent intracellular localization of RPGRIP1α1 contributing to pathomechanisms shared by etiologically distinct syndromic retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710 , USA
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Zanon-Moreno V, Ciancotti-Olivares L, Asencio J, Sanz P, Ortega-Azorin C, Pinazo-Duran MD, Corella D. Association between a SLC23A2 gene variation, plasma vitamin C levels, and risk of glaucoma in a Mediterranean population. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2997-3004. [PMID: 22171153 PMCID: PMC3236071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several dietary factors have been associated with glaucoma. Among them, dietary antioxidant intake (i.e., vitamin C and vitamin A) in association with glaucoma has been analyzed, but with mixed results. Genetic factors may play a role in modulating the effect of dietary antioxidant intake on glaucoma; however, nutrigenetic studies in this field are scarce. Our aim was to study the association between selected polymorphisms in key proteins related to vitamin C and vitamin A concentrations and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS We performed a case-control study matched for age, sex, and bodyweight. We recruited 300 subjects (150 POAG cases and 150 controls) from a Mediterranean population and determined the plasma concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin A for each subject. We selected the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin A and vitamin C concentrations: rs176990 and rs190910 in the retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene; and rs10063949 and rs1279683 in the Na⁺-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively (encoded by the SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes). RESULTS We found a statistically significant association between the rs1279386 (A>G) SNP in SLC23A2 and POAG risk. In the crude analysis, homozygous subjects for the G allele (GG subjects) had higher risk of POAG than other genotypes (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03-2.71). This association remained statistically significant (p=0.010) after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. We also found that POAG patients had lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than control subjects (9.9±1.7 µg/ml versus 11.7±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001). Moreover, we consistently detected a significant association between the rs1279386 SNP in SLC23A2 and plasma vitamin C concentrations: GG subjects had significantly lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than the other genotypes (9.0±1.4 µg/ml versus 10.5±1.6 µg/ml, p<0.001 in POAG cases and 10.9±1.6 µg/ml versus 12.1±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001 in controls). The rs10063949 SNP in SLC23A1 was not associated with either plasma vitamin C concentrations or POAG risk. Similarly, SNPs in RBP1 were not associated with vitamin A concentrations or POAG risk. CONCLUSIONS The rs1279683 SNP in SLC23A2 was significantly associated with lower plasma concentrations of vitamin C and with higher risk of POAG in GG subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Zanon-Moreno
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucia Ciancotti-Olivares
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jeronimo Asencio
- Ophthalmology Research Unit “Santiago Grisolia,” Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Sanz
- Ophthalmology Research Unit “Santiago Grisolia,” Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Pinazo-Duran
- Ophthalmology Research Unit “Santiago Grisolia,” Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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