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Freeman L, Bristowe L, Kirk EP, Delatycki MB, Scully JL. Should genes for non-syndromic hearing loss be included in reproductive genetic carrier screening: Views of people with a personal or family experience of deafness. J Genet Couns 2024; 33:566-577. [PMID: 37533186 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Many commercial reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) panels include genes associated with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL), however little is known about the general acceptability of their inclusion. Although some couples wish to avoid having a deaf child, there are effective interventions and supports available for deafness, and no consensus on whether it is appropriate to reproductively screen NSHL genes. This study explored views of people with personal experience of deafness regarding carrier screening for genes associated with NSHL. We interviewed 27 participants; 14 who identified as deaf and 13 hearing parents of a deaf child. Thematic analysis was undertaken on transcripts of interviews. The findings reveal the complexity of attitudes within these groups. Some vacillated between the wish to support prospective parents' reproductive autonomy and concerns about potential harms, especially the expression of negative messages about deafness and the potential loss of acceptance in society. While some participants felt carrier screening could help prospective parents to prepare for a deaf child, there was little support for reproductive screening and termination of pregnancy. Participants emphasized the need for accurate information about the lived experience of deafness. The majority felt deafness is not as severe as other conditions included in RGCS, and most do not consider deafness as a disability. People with personal experience of deafness have diverse attitudes towards RGCS for deafness informed by their own identify and experience, and many have concerns about how it should be discussed and implemented in a population wide RGCS program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Freeman
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Bristowe
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology East Genomics Laboratory, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jackie Leach Scully
- Disability Innovation Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and novel approaches to treatment "Knowing the enemy" the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:178-194. [PMID: 38073886 PMCID: PMC10699684 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions. This biological flexibility enables the P. aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions, and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide. The clinical manifestations of P. aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms. It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents. Here we review the principal infections caused by P. aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sathe
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Peter Beech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Larry Croft
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Arnab Kapat
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Eugene Athan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281 Geelong 3220, Australia
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3
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Carrier Screening Programs for Cystic Fibrosis, Fragile X Syndrome, Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemia, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Health Technology Assessment. ONTARIO HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT SERIES 2023; 23:1-398. [PMID: 37637488 PMCID: PMC10453298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background We conducted a health technology assessment to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of carrier screening programs for cystic fibrosis (CF), fragile X syndrome (FXS), hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia, and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in people who are considering a pregnancy or who are pregnant. We also evaluated the budget impact of publicly funding carrier screening programs, and patient preferences and values. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of the clinical evidence. We assessed the risk of bias of each included study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS), and the quality of the body of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group criteria. We performed a systematic economic literature search and conducted cost-effectiveness analyses comparing preconception or prenatal carrier screening programs to no screening. We considered four carrier screening strategies: 1) universal screening with standard panels; 2) universal screening with a hypothetical expanded panel; 3) risk-based screening with standard panels; and 4) risk-based screening with a hypothetical expanded panel. We also estimated the 5-year budget impact of publicly funding preconception or prenatal carrier screening programs for the given conditions in Ontario. To contextualize the potential value of carrier screening, we spoke with 22 people who had sought out carrier screening. Results We included 107 studies in the clinical evidence review. Carrier screening for CF, hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia, FXS, and SMA likely results in the identification of couples with an increased chance of having an affected pregnancy (GRADE: Moderate). Screening likely impacts reproductive decision-making (GRADE: Moderate) and may result in lower anxiety among pregnant people, although the evidence is uncertain (GRADE: Very low).We included 21 studies in the economic evidence review, but none of the study findings were directly applicable to the Ontario context. Our cost-effectiveness analyses showed that in the short term, preconception or prenatal carrier screening programs identified more at-risk pregnancies (i.e., couples that tested positive) and provided more reproductive choice options compared with no screening, but were associated with higher costs. While all screening strategies had similar values for health outcomes, when comparing all strategies together, universal screening with standard panels was the most cost-effective strategy for both preconception and prenatal periods. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of universal screening with standard panels compared with no screening in the preconception period were $29,106 per additional at-risk pregnancy detected and $367,731 per affected birth averted; the corresponding ICERs in the prenatal period were about $29,759 per additional at-risk pregnancy detected and $431,807 per affected birth averted.We estimated that publicly funding a universal carrier screening program in the preconception period over the next 5 years would require between $208 million and $491 million. Publicly funding a risk-based screening program in the preconception period over the next 5 years would require between $1.3 million and $2.7 million. Publicly funding a universal carrier screening program in the prenatal period over the next 5 years would require between $128 million and $305 million. Publicly funding a risk-based screening program in the prenatal period over the next 5 years would require between $0.8 million and $1.7 million. Accounting for treatment costs of the screened health conditions resulted in a decrease in the budget impact of universally provided carrier screening programs or cost savings for risk-based programs.Participants value the perceived potential positive impact of carrier screening programs such as medical benefits from early detection and treatment, information for reproductive decision-making, and the social benefit of awareness and preparation. There was a strong preference expressed for thorough, timely, unbiased information to allow for informed reproductive decision-making. Conclusions Carrier screening for CF, FXS, hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia, and SMA is effective at identifying at-risk couples, and test results may impact preconception and reproductive decision-making.The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of carrier screening programs are uncertain for Ontario. Over the short term, carrier screening programs are associated with higher costs, and also higher chances of detecting at-risk pregnancies compared with no screening. The 5-year budget impact of publicly funding universal carrier screening programs is larger than that of risk-based programs. However, accounting for treatment costs of the screened health conditions results in a decrease in the total additional costs for universal carrier screening programs or in cost savings for risk-based programs.The people we spoke with who had sought out carrier screening valued the potential medical benefits of early detection and treatment, particularly the support and preparation for having a child with a potential genetic condition.
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4
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Woudstra AJ, van den Heuvel LM, van Vliet-Lachotzki EH, Dondorp W, Lakeman P, Haverman L, van Langen IM, Henneman L. Views of patients and parents of children with genetic disorders on population-based expanded carrier screening. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:1201-1210. [PMID: 35734853 PMCID: PMC9543353 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Faster and cheaper next generation sequencing technologies have enabled expansion of carrier screening for recessive disorders, potentially facilitating population‐based implementation regardless of ancestry or family history. Little is known, however, about the attitudes regarding population‐based carrier screening among families with genetic disorders. This study assessed views among parents and patients with a recessive disorder and parents of children with Down syndrome (DS) on expanded carrier screening (ECS). Method In total, 85 patients with various recessive disorders, 110 parents of a child with a recessive disorder and 89 parents of a child with DS participated in an online survey in the Netherlands. Severity of recessive disorders was classified as mild/moderate or severe/profound. Results The majority of the (parents of) patients with a recessive disorder had a positive attitude towards population‐based ECS, including screening for their own or their child's disorder. DS parents were significantly less positive towards ECS. Subgroup analyses showed that the severity of the disorder, rather than being a patient or parent, influences the attitudes, beliefs and intention to participate in ECS. Conclusion Our findings have important implications for future implementation initiatives as they demonstrate the different perspectives from people with experiential knowledge with genetic disorders.
What's already known about this topic?
Carrier screening panels for recessive disorders are rapidly expanding. Concerns have been raised about the possible impact of expanded carrier screening (ECS) on people affected by genetic disorders.
What does this study add?
The majority of Dutch (parents of) patients with a recessive disorder had a positive attitude towards ECS. Parents of children with Down syndrome are less positive. Severity of the disorder, rather than being a patient or parent, influenced the attitudes, beliefs and intention to participate in ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Woudstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke M van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wybo Dondorp
- Department of Health, Maastricht University, Ethics & Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M van Langen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Henneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Naz Khan F, Mason K, Roe AH, Tangpricha V. CF and male health: Sexual and reproductive health, hypogonadism, and fertility. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2022; 27:100288. [PMID: 34987977 PMCID: PMC8695349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF), and over 50% of those with CF are male. Men with CF face specific and sometimes difficult sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, including infertility and hypogonadism. Male infertility affects over 95% of men with CF, with obstructive azoospermia resulting from congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens being the primary cause of infertility. SRH education for males with CF represents an important opportunity for clinical improvement, as the majority of men with CF know that their disease impacts their fertility, however the depth of this understanding varies significantly. Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that affects men with low testosterone level, a common finding among men with CF that has clinical implications and can significantly affect quality of life. Better understanding of SRH attitudes, the prevalence of hypogonadism, and management of infertility in men with CF should remain future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naz Khan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly Mason
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Andrea H Roe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA and the Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Conijn T, Nijmeijer SCM, Lakeman P, Henneman L, Wijburg FA, Haverman L. Preconception expanded carrier screening: Impact of information presented by text or video on genetic knowledge and attitudes. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:457-469. [PMID: 32940388 PMCID: PMC8048558 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preconception expanded carrier screening (ECS) aims to identify couples with an increased risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive (AR) disorder before pregnancy, thereby enabling reproductive choices. Genetic knowledge and experiential knowledge both influence the uptake of ECS. As people in the general public often lack such knowledge, it is essential to provide appropriate and understandable information when offering ECS. This study investigated the effect of an educational video, compared to an educational text, on the knowledge and attitudes toward preconception ECS in the general population. Both the text and video consisted of a brief educational summary on AR inheritance and on the type of disorders included in ECS, with the progressive neurodegenerative condition mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) as an example. Participants in the reproductive age were invited in collaboration with a research agency. Respondents (N = 789) were offered an educational video prior to completing an online questionnaire that examined genetic knowledge, the perceived severity of MPS III, perceived risk, and attitudes toward ECS. Outcomes were compared to reference data collected previously in which respondents had been offered an educational text (N = 781). We first again studied the attitudes toward ECS in a smaller educational text group (N = 266) in order to assess whether attitudes had changed over time due to increased media coverage on ECS, which did not reveal any significant changes. Respondents who were offered the video had a better genetic knowledge, perceived MPS III as more severe, perceived their risks higher and were more likely to participate in ECS compared to those who were offered text. Online video may well be used as supportive tool to the genetic counseling process, creating more knowledge on ECS and severe genetic disorders included in preconception screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirsa Conijn
- Pediatric Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center “Sphinx”Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Psychosocial departmentEmma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Stephanie C. M. Nijmeijer
- Pediatric Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center “Sphinx”Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lidewij Henneman
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Frits A. Wijburg
- Pediatric Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center “Sphinx”Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Psychosocial departmentEmma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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7
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Preconception expanded carrier screening: a focus group study with relatives of mucopolysaccharidosis type III patients and the general population. J Community Genet 2021; 12:311-323. [PMID: 33754291 PMCID: PMC8241963 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-021-00519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception expanded carrier screening (ECS) enables prospective parents to assess their risk of having a child with an autosomal recessive disorder. Knowledge on motivations, feelings, and considerations people have towards the offer and use of ECS is limited. To enrich the public and professional discussion on ECS implementation, this study explored the perspectives towards various aspects of ECS in seven focus groups compromising first- and second-degree relatives of MPS III patients (N=9, N=4, N=5, N=5) and members of the general Dutch population (N=6, N=7, N=5). The focus groups were audio recorded and the transcripts were qualitatively analyzed to identify themes. Both relatives of MPS III patients and participants from the general population supported offering ECS, in particular for severe, childhood-onset disorders. Important barriers identified for ECS were a lack of genetic knowledge and a perceived lack of personal relevance and awareness, as well as out-of-pocket costs of testing. The majority of participants would prefer full disclosure of individual test results instead of couple-based test results. Moreover, offering people a choice for the way of reporting was proposed. All participants agreed that more efforts, for example by governmental campaigns, should be made to increase awareness on the availability, potentials, and limitations of ECS. Educating prospective parents about ECS is essential for increasing awareness and informed decision making. This study provides valuable insights that can be used by governments and public health authorities when considering implementation of preconception ECS.
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8
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Valente GM, Amor DJ, Ioannou LJ, Archibald AD. Factors influencing medical practitioner participation in population carrier screening for cystic fibrosis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 61:232-238. [PMID: 33135161 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier screening should be offered to people planning a pregnancy or in early pregnancy, according to current recommendations. However, research indicates rates of offering CF carrier screening are low. Health professionals (HPs) play an important role in offering population carrier screening. AIMS To determine the opinions, knowledge and practice patterns of HPs with regard to the routine offering of population carrier screening for CF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five key informant interviews informed the development of an online questionnaire which was distributed to a select group of HPs involved in prenatal care in Victoria, Australia. RESULTS Of the participants who completed the questionnaire (n = 87), 35.6% reported offering CF carrier screening to all patients attending for preconception or early pregnancy consultations. High referrers of CF carrier screening were more likely to be female, work in the private sector, in metropolitan areas and specialise as an obstetrician. High referrers demonstrated a greater level of knowledge of CF and carrier screening than low referrers (t = -3.779, P < 0.001). Low referrers perceived more barriers to offering carrier screening than high referrers (t = 2.125, P = 0.037). Low referrers were more likely to perceive lack of community awareness and HP knowledge as a barrier to offering CF carrier screening, compared to high referrers, who were more likely to perceive time constraints as a barrier. CONCLUSIONS To promote routine offering of population CF carrier screening, resources are needed to improve knowledge and provide clinical support thereby reducing perceived barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Valente
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Genetics Service, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liane J Ioannou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison D Archibald
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Thomas LA, Lewis S, Massie J, Kirk EP, Archibald AD, Barlow-Stewart K, Boardman FK, Halliday J, McClaren B, Delatycki MB. Which types of conditions should be included in reproductive genetic carrier screening? Views of parents of children with a genetic condition. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104075. [PMID: 33007447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive genetic carrier screening identifies couples with an increased chance of having children with autosomal and X-linked recessive conditions. Initially only offered for single conditions to people with a high priori risk, carrier screening is becoming increasingly offered to individuals/couples in the general population for a wider range of genetic conditions. Despite advances in genomic testing technology and greater availability of carrier screening panels, there is no consensus around which types of conditions to include in carrier screening panels. This study sought to identify which types of conditions parents of children with a genetic condition believe should be included in carrier screening. Participants (n = 150) were recruited through Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Melbourne outpatient clinics, the Genetic Support Network of Victoria (GSNV) and a databank of children with hearing loss (VicCHILD). This study found that the majority of participants support offering carrier screening for: neuromuscular conditions (n = 128/134, 95.5%), early fatal neurodegenerative conditions (n = 130/141, 92.2%), chronic multi-system disorders (n = 124/135, 91.9%), conditions which cause intellectual disability (n = 128/139, 92.1%) and treatable metabolic conditions (n = 120/138, 87.0%). Views towards the inclusion of non-syndromic hearing loss (n = 88/135, 65.2%) and preventable adult-onset conditions (n = 75/135, 55.6%) were more mixed. Most participants indicated that they would use reproductive options to avoid having a child with the more clinically severe conditions, but most would not do so for clinically milder conditions. A recurring association was observed between participants' views towards carrier screening and their lived experience of having a child with a genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Australia
| | - Sharon Lewis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - John Massie
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edwin P Kirk
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Australia; Randwick Genomics Laboratory, New South Wales Health Pathology, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison D Archibald
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Kristine Barlow-Stewart
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jane Halliday
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Belinda McClaren
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
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10
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Nijmeijer SCM, Conijn T, Lakeman P, Henneman L, Wijburg FA, Haverman L. Attitudes of relatives of mucopolysaccharidosis type III patients toward preconception expanded carrier screening. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1331-1340. [PMID: 32483342 PMCID: PMC7609293 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception expanded carrier screening (ECS) aims to detect carrier couples of autosomal recessive (AR) disorders before pregnancy in order to increase reproductive autonomy of prospective parents. Genetic knowledge and knowledge gained from experience influence decision making on participation in genetic testing and understanding carrier test results. In this study we assessed whether parents and relatives of patients with the severe AR condition mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III), who are expected to have genetic and experiential knowledge, have more positive attitudes toward ECS than the Dutch reference group. Parents of all MPS III patients known to the Dutch expert center were invited to participate and asked to invite first and second degree relatives. The online questionnaire started with an educational text, and assessed attitudes toward ECS, genetic knowledge and perceived MPS III severity. Results were compared with the Dutch population. Parents and relatives of MPS III patients (n = 159) scored higher on the genetic knowledge test and perceived MPS III as more severe compared with the general Dutch population (n = 781). Parents and relatives reported to be more likely to participate in ECS (84.3% and 62.5%, respectively) compared with the public (31%) (p < 0.001). Being a relative of a MPS III patient was the strongest variable in the regression analyses for intended ECS participation. Our results show that genetic knowledge influences ECS decision making. Therefore, appropriate information on ECS and genetic counseling is needed to enable prospective parents from the general population, including relatives of patients with severe hereditary disorders, to make informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C M Nijmeijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thirsa Conijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Amsterdam UMC, Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Mosconi P, Colombo C, Roberto A, Candiani G, Greco MT, Satolli R, Castellani C. Deciding on cystic fibrosis carrier screening: three citizens' juries and an online survey. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:973-977. [PMID: 29562330 PMCID: PMC6148966 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health technology assessment and ethical issues have to be dealt with in deciding on national carrier screening for cystic fibrosis (CF)—the most frequent severe autosomal recessive disease in Caucasian populations and several stakeholders need to be involved. A citizens’ jury is one way to ask citizens to deliberate on controversial topics in the interests of a society. The aims of this project were to gather opinions about CF carrier screening through citizens' jury deliberations and to match them with the findings of a large online consultation survey open to the general population, people with CF and families and health professionals. Methods Three citizens’ juries and an online survey were asked: ‘Should the Health Service organize screening of the population with the aim of identifying healthy people who may have children with CF?’ The jurors had no medical background and no personal or family CF history. The survey was open to people with CF, families, and healthcare professionals. Results Jurors and survey respondents were in favour of CF carrier screening, mainly considering the severity of CF, the value of informed reproductive choices and the equality of the screening. All the citizens’ juries felt positively about the health service actively offer CF carrier screening to provide women and couples of reproductive age equal access and standardized information on the pros and cons. Conclusion Considering the favourable attitude towards CF screening, the feasibility of CF screening, in terms of best setting, target age and healthcare professionals providing it, should be tested in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mosconi
- Laboratory for Medical Research and Consumers Involvement, Department of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Laboratory for Medical Research and Consumers Involvement, Department of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Roberto
- Laboratory for Medical Research and Consumers Involvement, Department of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Greco
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Castellani
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica dell'Azienda Ospedaliera Interuniversitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.,Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Ospedale Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Boardman FK, Hale R, Gohel R, Young PJ. Preventing lives affected by hemophilia: A mixed methods study of the views of adults with hemophilia and their families toward genetic screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e618. [PMID: 30838796 PMCID: PMC6503017 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic sequencing technologies have made the possibility of population screening for whole panels of genetic disorders more feasible than ever before. As one of the most common single gene disorders affecting the UK population, hemophilia is an attractive candidate to include on such screening panels. However, very little is known about views toward genetic screening amongst people with hemophilia or their family members, despite the potential for a wide range of impacts on them. Methods Twenty‐two in‐depth qualitative interviews were undertaken to explore the views of adults with hemophilia and their family members, recruited through the Haemophilia Society UK. These interviews were used to develop a survey, the Haemophilia Screening Survey (UK), which was distributed in paper and online format through the support group, receiving 327 returns between January and June 2018. Results Fifty‐seven per cent of the sample supported preconception carrier screening of the population for hemophilia, and 59% supported prenatal carrier screening. Key reasons for support included a desire to reduce pregnancy terminations and increase awareness of hemophilia. Despite support for screening however, 90% of the sample disagreed with pregnancy terminations for hemophilia. Conclusions Families and adults living with hemophilia are more supportive of screening for information and preparation purposes than to prevent boys with hemophilia from being born. A distinction was made between preventing the disease and preventing the lives of people with it, with support shown for the use of screening to achieve the former, but not at the expense of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Hale
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Raksha Gohel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Philip J Young
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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13
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Boardman FK, Hale R. "I didn't take it too seriously because I'd just never heard of it": Experiential knowledge and genetic screening for thalassaemia in the UK. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:141-154. [PMID: 30629758 PMCID: PMC7814888 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Members of the public face particular challenges when undergoing reproductive genetic screening. Lack of family history with genetic disease has been identified as a key barrier affecting screening uptake and responses to genetic risk. This study explores this obstacle using beta thalassaemia as a case study. Fifteen in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted exploring the reproductive views and decisions of people at risk of transmitting thalassaemia. Eleven participants had thalassaemia themselves and/or were members of an affected family. Four participants were identified as thalassaemia carriers through genetic screening programmes with no family history. Notable differences were observed between these two groups. For thalassaemic individuals and families, past experience clarified and facilitated their sense of reproductive responsibility, however carriers struggled to relate to, and incorporate the information into their lives. It was witnessing their child becoming symptomatic-rather than receiving a diagnosis or genetic risk information per se that had the most substantial influence on carriers' subsequent views and decisions. Educational resources used to support genetic screening programmes would benefit from an engagement with the experiential accounts of life with genetic disease in order to more effectively bridge the chasm in knowledge and understanding between affected families and the general public, towards whom expansive genetic screening is aimed.
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14
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Nijmeijer SCM, Conijn T, Lakeman P, Henneman L, Wijburg FA, Haverman L. Attitudes of the general population towards preconception expanded carrier screening for autosomal recessive disorders including inborn errors of metabolism. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:14-22. [PMID: 30563741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial number of severely debilitating and often ultimately fatal inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) still lack an effective disease-modifying treatment. Informing couples before a pregnancy about an increased risk of having a child with an inherited disorder is now feasible by preconception expanded carrier screening (ECS). While knowledge about carrier status enhances reproductive autonomy, it may also result in ethical dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of the general Dutch population towards preconception ECS and to investigate which factors influence these attitudes. METHODS Data collection was carried out in collaboration with a market research agency. In total, 1188 Dutch individuals of reproductive age (18-45 years) were invited by email to complete an online ECS questionnaire in 2016. Prior to the start of the questionnaire, a written explanation of the concepts of autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance, carrier status and ECS was presented. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 781 individuals (65.7%), of whom 31% indicated they would take an ECS test themselves. In addition, 55% agreed that ECS should be offered to all prospective parents. The most frequently selected argument in favor of ECS (47.2%) was that participants want to spare a child from a life with a severe hereditary disorder. The reason most often mentioned not to participate in ECS (48%) was that participants reported not having a hereditary disorder in the family. The majority preferred receiving individual test results above a couple-based disclosure method in which participants receive the carrier status results only when they are a carrier couple of the same disorder. Participants with religious beliefs were less likely to participate in ECS, whereas participants who were considering a (future) pregnancy were more likely to participate. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates an overall positive attitude among participants of reproductive age in the general Dutch population towards preconception ECS. A striking misconception is that many of the participants believe that ECS is of interest only for those with a positive family history of one of the hereditary disorders. This finding emphasizes the importance of providing understandable, balanced information and education to the general public regarding the concepts of inheritance when presenting the option of carrier screening. Our results provide valuable insights that can be used in the debate about the responsible implementation of preconception ECS for AR disorders, including IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C M Nijmeijer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Thirsa Conijn
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Lidewij Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center "Sphinx", Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Foil KE, Powers A, Raraigh KS, Wallis K, Southern KW, Salinas D. The increasing challenge of genetic counseling for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:167-174. [PMID: 30527892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic counseling for cystic fibrosis (CF) is challenged by intricate molecular mechanisms, complex phenotypes, and psychosocial needs. CFTR variant interpretation has become critical; this manuscript examines variant nomenclature and classes, as well as opportunities and challenges posed by genetic technologies and genotype-directed therapies. With post-graduate training in medical genetics and counseling, genetic counselors educate patients and families, facilitate testing and interpretation, and help integrate genetic information into diagnosis and treatment. They support families, ranging from carrier couples or new parents, to children understanding their disease, to adults with CF contemplating reproduction. The changing face of CF increasingly highlights the critical importance of genetic information to patients and their families. Genetic counselors are uniquely poised to translate this information in diagnostics and personalized care. Genetic counselors straddle molecular and clinical realms, helping patients adapt, plan, and gain access to appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Foil
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States.
| | - Amy Powers
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
| | - Karen S Raraigh
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Kimberly Wallis
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, Kimberly, United States.
| | - Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England L12 2AP, United Kingdom.
| | - Danieli Salinas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Pediatric Pulmonology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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16
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Cordeiro SM, Jesus MCPD, Tavares RE, Oliveira DMD, Merighi MAB. Experience of adults with cystic fibrosis: a perspective based on social phenomenology. Rev Bras Enferm 2018; 71:2891-2898. [PMID: 30517390 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the experience of adults living with cystic fibrosis. METHOD A qualitative study based on the social phenomenology by Alfred Schütz, carried out with 12 adults interviewed in 2016. The statements were analyzed and organized into concrete categories. RESULTS The following categories were evidenced: "The biopsychosocial impact of the disease on daily life", "Social prejudice as a generator of embarrassment", "Coping strategies" and "Fear, uncertainties and the desire to carry out life projects". FINAL CONSIDERATIONS The understanding of the experience lived by adults with cystic fibrosis allowed unveiling intersubjective aspects experienced by this public that should be considered by health professionals in the care of this group. It is up to the professionals involved in assisting these people to develop care strategies aimed at completeness, respect for the world of meanings of each individual, their life history, and intersubjectivity that is specially built in the relationship between professionals and people with cystic fibrosis.
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17
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Boardman FK, Hale R. How do genetically disabled adults view selective reproduction? Impairment, identity, and genetic screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:941-956. [PMID: 30196552 PMCID: PMC6305648 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic medicine is rapidly evolving, particularly in the domain of reproduction. Population carrier screening for a range of disorders is becoming possible using whole genome/exome sequencing. However, very little is known about the views of genetically disabled adults toward selective reproduction. Methods Forty‐three in‐depth qualitative interviews were carried out with adults living with different types of genetic condition, recruited through support groups and clinics. Interviews covered participants’ experiences of their condition and their views toward genetic intervention in reproduction. Thematic analysis of the data using NVivo 11 was undertaken, and participants were assigned categories as either supporting, not‐supporting, or having ambivalent views toward selective reproduction. Results The majority of participants (65%) expressed either disapproval of, or held ambivalent views toward, selective reproduction. Key reasons for non‐support included regarding genetic impairment as part of personal identity and the prioritization of social and environmental barrier removal. Key reasons for support of selective reproduction included negative and externalizing attitudes toward genetic impairment and a belief in the importance of informed reproductive decision‐making. Conclusion The degree to which participants identified with their impairment, more so than how they valued it, was significant in determining attitudes toward selective reproduction. Those who supported genetic screening viewed their impairment as separate to themselves, while participants who considered their impairment as integral to their identity were most likely to report ambivalent or negative attitudes. Policymakers and stakeholders considering the role of genetic carrier screening panels might usefully engage with adults affected by heritable disease as well as disability identity politics when considering the acceptability and social impact of genetic screening programs.
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18
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Chokoshvili D, Belmans C, Poncelet R, Sanders S, Vaes D, Vears D, Janssens S, Huys I, Borry P. Public Views on Genetics and Genetic Testing: A Survey of the General Public in Belgium. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:195-201. [PMID: 28306397 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the views of the Belgian public on various topics surrounding genetics and genetic testing (GT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A written questionnaire was administered to visitors of the annual cartoon festival in Knokke-Heist, Belgium, during the summer of 2014. The main theme of the festival was challenges and progress in human genetics and it was attended by more than 100,000 visitors. RESULTS The survey was completed by 1182 respondents, resulting in a demographically diverse sample with a mean age of 48.5 years. Our respondents expressed moderate interest in predictive GT, with 39.1% willing to learn about their predisposition to diseases through GT and 49.5% indicating interest in getting tested exclusively for treatable/preventable diseases. We observed higher interest in GT for reproductive purposes, such as preconception screening for recessive disorders (53.8%) and prenatal GT (60.7%). A substantial minority (46.4%) of the respondents were worried that GT could further stigmatize people with disabilities, while 39.7% believed that carrier screening for recessive diseases would lead to an inferior image of people affected by them. CONCLUSION Paying due attention to the attitudes, beliefs, and concerns of the general public is important to ensure ethically sound and socially acceptable implementation of new genetic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Chokoshvili
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Belmans
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roxanne Poncelet
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Sanders
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deborah Vaes
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danya Vears
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- 2 Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Borry
- 1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Janssens S, Chokoshvili D, Vears D, De Paepe A, Borry P. Attitudes of European Geneticists Regarding Expanded Carrier Screening. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 46:63-71. [PMID: 27875676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore attitudes of clinical and molecular geneticists about the implementation of multi-disease or expanded carrier screening (ECS) for monogenic recessive disorders. DESIGN Qualitative; semistructured interviews. SETTING In person or via Skype. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. PARTICIPANTS European clinical and molecular geneticists with expertise in carrier screening (N = 16). METHODS Inductive content analysis was used to identify common content categories in the data. RESULTS Participants recognized important benefits of ECS, but they also identified major challenges, including limited benefit of ECS for most couples in the general population, lack of knowledge on carrier screening among nongenetic health care providers and the general public, potential negative implications of ECS for society, and limited economic resources. Participants favored an evidence-based approach to the implementation of population-wide ECS and were reluctant to actively offer ECS in the absence of demonstrable benefits. However, there was a consensus among the participants that ECS should be made available to couples who request the test. In addition, they believed ECS could be routinely offered to all people who use assisted reproduction. CONCLUSION Although a limited ECS offer is practical, it also raises concerns over equality in access to screening. A comprehensive risk-benefit analysis is needed to determine the desirability of systematic population-wide ECS.
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20
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Plantinga M, Birnie E, Abbott KM, Sinke RJ, Lucassen AM, Schuurmans J, Kaplan S, Verkerk MA, Ranchor AV, van Langen IM. Population-based preconception carrier screening: how potential users from the general population view a test for 50 serious diseases. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1417-23. [PMID: 27165008 PMCID: PMC5027688 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased international focus on personalized health care and preventive medicine, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has substantially expanded the options for carrier screening of serious, recessively inherited diseases. NGS screening tests not only offer reproductive options not previously available to couples, but they may also ultimately reduce the number of children born with devastating disorders. To date, preconception carrier screening (PCS) has largely targeted single diseases such as cystic fibrosis, but NGS allows the testing of many genes or diseases simultaneously. We have developed an expanded NGS PCS test for couples; simultaneously it covers 50 very serious, early-onset, autosomal recessive diseases that are untreatable. This is the first, noncommercial, population-based, expanded PCS test to be offered prospectively to couples in a health-care setting in Europe. So far, little is known about how potential users view such a PCS test. We therefore performed an online survey in 2014 among 500 people from the target population in the Netherlands. We enquired about their intention to take an expanded PCS test if one was offered, and through which provider they would like to see it offered. One-third of the respondents said they would take such a test were it to be offered. The majority (44%) preferred the test to be offered via their general practitioner (GP) and 58% would be willing to pay for the test, with a median cost of [euro ]75. Our next step is to perform an implementation study in which this PCS test will be provided via selected GPs in the Northern Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Plantinga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin M Abbott
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Sinke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M Lucassen
- Clinical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Juliette Schuurmans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyma Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian A Verkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelita V Ranchor
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M van Langen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Henneman L, Borry P, Chokoshvili D, Cornel MC, van El CG, Forzano F, Hall A, Howard HC, Janssens S, Kayserili H, Lakeman P, Lucassen A, Metcalfe SA, Vidmar L, de Wert G, Dondorp WJ, Peterlin B. Responsible implementation of expanded carrier screening. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:e1-e12. [PMID: 26980105 PMCID: PMC4867464 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This document of the European Society of Human Genetics contains recommendations regarding responsible implementation of expanded carrier screening. Carrier screening is defined here as the detection of carrier status of recessive diseases in couples or persons who do not have an a priori increased risk of being a carrier based on their or their partners' personal or family history. Expanded carrier screening offers carrier screening for multiple autosomal and X-linked recessive disorders, facilitated by new genetic testing technologies, and allows testing of individuals regardless of ancestry or geographic origin. Carrier screening aims to identify couples who have an increased risk of having an affected child in order to facilitate informed reproductive decision making. In previous decades, carrier screening was typically performed for one or few relatively common recessive disorders associated with significant morbidity, reduced life-expectancy and often because of a considerable higher carrier frequency in a specific population for certain diseases. New genetic testing technologies enable the expansion of screening to multiple conditions, genes or sequence variants. Expanded carrier screening panels that have been introduced to date have been advertised and offered to health care professionals and the public on a commercial basis. This document discusses the challenges that expanded carrier screening might pose in the context of the lessons learnt from decades of population-based carrier screening and in the context of existing screening criteria. It aims to contribute to the public and professional discussion and to arrive at better clinical and laboratory practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidewij Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Borry
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davit Chokoshvili
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla G van El
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Heidi C Howard
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Lucassen
- Department of Clinical Ethics and Law (CELS), University of Southampton and Wessex Clinical Genetic Service, Southampton, UK
| | - Sylvia A Metcalfe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lovro Vidmar
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guido de Wert
- Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wybo J Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Research Schools CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a rare, multisystem disease leading to significant morbidity and mortality. CF is caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR), a chloride and bicarbonate transporter. Early diagnosis and access to therapies provides benefits in nutrition, pulmonary health, and cognitive ability. Several screening and diagnostic tests are available to support a diagnosis. We discuss the characteristics of screening and diagnostic tests for CF and guideline-based algorithms using these tools to establish a diagnosis. We discuss classification and management of common "diagnostic dilemmas," including the CFTR-related metabolic syndrome and other CFTR-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brewington
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2021, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - J P Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, MLC 2021, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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