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Huang W, Yang Y, Che F, Wu H, Ma Y, Zhao Y. Lethal variant in the C2A domain may cause severe SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder in the newborns. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:27-31. [PMID: 37930470 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) plays a pivotal role in regulating presynaptic processes, including neurotransmitter release. SYT1 variants perturb synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis, resulting in a series of neurodevelopmental disorders defined as Baker-Gordon syndrome. Herein, we report the case of a newborn with dysmorphic facial appearance, severe hypotonia, poor feeding, gastroesophageal reflux, and an inability to eat and breathe, diagnosed with Baker-Gordon syndrome. A retrospective search was performed on a newborn with Baker-Gordon syndrome. Medical charts were reviewed, with focus on the clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and treatment outcomes. Whole-genome high-throughput DNA sequencing was performed to identify genetic variants. Whole-exome sequencing identified the likely pathogenic variant as SYT1 C.551 T > C(p.V184A). Sanger sequencing results indicated that this variant was a de novo mutation in a conservative site located in the C2A domain of the protein. The patient died at 57 days old because of severe feeding and breathing problems. Our findings of a novel lethal variant in the C2A domain of SYT1 in the youngest patient diagnosed infantile Baker-Gordon syndrome who presented with the most severe hypotonia reported to date expands the spectrum of SYT1- associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No. 69 Xijuyuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No. 69 Xijuyuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710003, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, No. 69 Xijuyuan Lane, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710003, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Sowińska-Seidler A, Socha M, Szoszkiewicz A, Materna-Kiryluk A, Jamsheer A. A genotype-phenotype correlation in split-hand/foot malformation type 1: further refinement of the phenotypic subregions within the 7q21.3 locus. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250714. [PMID: 37916192 PMCID: PMC10616856 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Split-hand/foot malformation type 1 (SHFM1) refers to the group of rare congenital limb disorders defined by the absence or hypoplasia of the central rays of the autopods with or without accompanying anomalies, such as hearing loss, craniofacial malformation, and ectodermal dysplasia. Consequently, the condition is characterized by clinical variability that hinders diagnostic and counseling procedures. SHFM1 is caused by pathogenic variants affecting the DLX5/6 genes and/or their tissue-specific enhancers at the 7q21.3 locus. Herein, we report on seven patients from five unrelated Polish families affected by variable symptoms of the SHFM1 spectrum, all harboring 7q21.3 or 7q21.2-q21.3 rearrangements, and provide a genotype-phenotype correlation in the studied cohort. Methods: We applied GTG banding, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in order to identify the causative aberrations in all affected patients. Results: The identified pathogenic structural variants included deletions and/or translocations involving the 7q21.3 locus, i.e., t(7;10)(q21.3;q22.2) and t(7;12)(q21.3;q21.2) in all affected individuals. Interestingly, a sporadic carrier of the latter aberration presented the SHFM1 phenotype with additional features overlapping with Baker-Gordon syndrome (BAGOS), which resulted from the translocation breakpoint at chromosome 12 within the SYT1 gene. Conclusion: Clinical variability of the studied cohort reflects the composition of the DLX5/6 regulatory elements that were dislocated from their target genes by chromosomal rearrangements. The correlation of our data with the previously published observations enabled us to update the phenotypic subregions and regulatory units within the SHFM1 locus. In addition, we present the first case of SHFM1 and BAGOS-like phenotype that resulted from translocation breakpoints at chromosomes 7 and 12, both of which were pathogenic, and consequently, we show the first evidence that BAGOS can also result from the regulatory loss-of-function SYT1 mutations. In this paper, we emphasize the utility of sequence-based approaches in molecular diagnostics of disorders caused by regulatory structural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Szoszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
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Brandes D, Yasin L, Nebral K, Ebler J, Schinnerl D, Picard D, Bergmann AK, Alam J, Köhrer S, Haas OA, Attarbaschi A, Marschall T, Stanulla M, Borkhardt A, Brozou T, Fischer U, Wagener R. Optical Genome Mapping Identifies Novel Recurrent Structural Alterations in Childhood ETV6::RUNX1+ and High Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e925. [PMID: 37469802 PMCID: PMC10353714 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutational landscape of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), the most common pediatric cancer, is not fully described partially because commonly applied short-read next generation sequencing has a limited ability to identify structural variations. By combining comprehensive analysis of structural variants (SVs), single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), and small insertions-deletions, new subtype-defining and therapeutic targets may be detected. We analyzed the landscape of somatic alterations in 60 pediatric patients diagnosed with the most common BCP-ALL subtypes, ETV6::RUNX1+ and classical hyperdiploid (HD), using conventional cytogenetics, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole exome sequencing (WES), and the novel optical genome mapping (OGM) technique. Ninety-five percent of SVs detected by cytogenetics and SNP-array were verified by OGM. OGM detected an additional 677 SVs not identified using the conventional methods, including (subclonal) IKZF1 deletions. Based on OGM, ETV6::RUNX1+ BCP-ALL harbored 2.7 times more SVs than HD BCP-ALL, mainly focal deletions. Besides SVs in known leukemia development genes (ETV6, PAX5, BTG1, CDKN2A), we identified 19 novel recurrently altered regions (in n ≥ 3) including 9p21.3 (FOCAD/HACD4), 8p11.21 (IKBKB), 1p34.3 (ZMYM1), 4q24 (MANBA), 8p23.1 (MSRA), and 10p14 (SFMBT2), as well as ETV6::RUNX1+ subtype-specific SVs (12p13.1 (GPRC5A), 12q24.21 (MED13L), 18q11.2 (MIB1), 20q11.22 (NCOA6)). We detected 3 novel fusion genes (SFMBT2::DGKD, PDS5B::STAG2, and TDRD5::LPCAT2), for which the sequence and expression were validated by long-read and whole transcriptome sequencing, respectively. OGM and WES identified double hits of SVs and SNVs (ETV6, BTG1, STAG2, MANBA, TBL1XR1, NSD2) in the same patient demonstrating the power of the combined approach to define the landscape of genomic alterations in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brandes
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
- Dusseldorf School of Oncology (DSO), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Layal Yasin
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Nebral
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Clinical Genetics, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Ebler
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schinnerl
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Picard
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke K. Bergmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jubayer Alam
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Köhrer
- Labdia Labordiagnostik, Clinical Genetics, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar A. Haas
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pediatric Clinic, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Pediatric Clinic, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Marschall
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Triantafyllia Brozou
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Dusseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Dusseldorf, Germany
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4
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Uzay B, Kavalali ET. Genetic disorders of neurotransmitter release machinery. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1148957. [PMID: 37066095 PMCID: PMC10102358 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1148957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic neurotransmitter release is an evolutionarily conserved process that mediates rapid information transfer between neurons as well as several peripheral tissues. Release of neurotransmitters are ensured by successive events such as synaptic vesicle docking and priming that prepare synaptic vesicles for rapid fusion. These events are orchestrated by interaction of different presynaptic proteins and are regulated by presynaptic calcium. Recent studies have identified various mutations in different components of neurotransmitter release machinery resulting in aberrant neurotransmitter release, which underlie a wide spectrum of psychiatric and neurological symptoms. Here, we review how these genetic alterations in different components of the core neurotransmitter release machinery affect the information transfer between neurons and how aberrant synaptic release affects nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uzay
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ege T. Kavalali
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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5
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Hamada N, Iwamoto I, Nagata KI. MED13L and its disease-associated variants influence the dendritic development of cerebral cortical neurons in the mammalian brain. J Neurochem 2023; 165:334-347. [PMID: 36798993 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The mediator complex comprises multiple subcellular subunits that collectively function as a molecular interface between RNA polymerase II and gene-specific transcription factors. Recently, genetic variants to one subunit of the complex, known as MED13L (mediator complex subunit 13 like), have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability and distinct facial features, frequently accompanied by congenital heart defects. We investigated the impact of five disease-associated MED13L variants on the subcellular localization and biochemical stability of MED13L protein in vitro and in vivo. In overexpression assays using cortical neurons from embryonic mouse cerebral cortices transduced by in utero electroporation-mediated gene transfer, we found that mouse orthologues of human MED13L-p.P866L and -p.T2162M missense variants accumulated in the nucleus, while the p.S2163L and p.S2177Y variants were diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, we found that the p.Q1922* truncation variant was barely detectable in transduced cells, a phenotype reminiscent of this variant that results in MED13L haploinsufficiency in humans. Next, we analyzed these variants for their effects on neuronal migration, dendritic growth, spine morphology, and axon elongation of cortical neurons in vivo. There, we found that overexpression of the p.P866L variant resulted in reduced number and length of dendrites of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we show that mMED13L-knockdown abrogated dendritic growth in vivo, and this effect was significantly rescued by co-electroporation of an RNAi-resistant mMED13L, but weakly by the p.T2162M variant, and not at all by the p.S2163L variant. However, overexpression of the p.S2163L variant inhibited mature dendritic spine formation in vivo. Expression of each of the 5 variants did not affect neuronal cell migration and callosal axon elongation in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MED13L expression is relevant to corticogenesis and influences the dendritic branching characteristics of cortical excitatory neurons. Our study also suggests that disease-associated MED13L variants may directly cause morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hamada
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Riggs E, Shakkour Z, Anderson CL, Carney PR. SYT1-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101439. [PMID: 36291375 PMCID: PMC9601251 DOI: 10.3390/children9101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysregulations often result in damaging effects on the central nervous system, resulting in a wide range of brain and neurodevelopment disorders that are caused by mutations disrupting synaptic proteins. SYT1, an identified synaptotagmin protein, plays an essential role in mediating the release of calcium-triggered neurotransmitters (NT) involved in regular synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Considering the significant role of SYT1 in the physiology of synaptic neurotransmission, dysfunction and degeneration of this protein can result in a severe neurological impairment. Genetic variants lead to a newly discovered rare disorder, known as SYT1-associated neurodevelopment disorder. In this review, we will discuss in depth the function of SYT1 in synapse and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We will highlight the genetic basis of SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder along with known phenotypes, with possible interventions and direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Riggs
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Child Health, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Christopher L. Anderson
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Child Health, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul R. Carney
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Child Health, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Engineering, University of Missouri Biomedical Engineering, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Eigenhuis KN, Somsen HB, van den Berg DLC. Transcription Pause and Escape in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846272. [PMID: 35615272 PMCID: PMC9125161 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription pause-release is an important, highly regulated step in the control of gene expression. Modulated by various factors, it enables signal integration and fine-tuning of transcriptional responses. Mutations in regulators of pause-release have been identified in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that have several common features affecting multiple organ systems. This review summarizes current knowledge on this novel subclass of disorders, including an overview of clinical features, mechanistic details, and insight into the relevant neurodevelopmental processes.
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8
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Bessenyei B, Balogh I, Mokánszki A, Ujfalusi A, Pfundt R, Szakszon K. MED13L-related intellectual disability due to paternal germinal mosaicism. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:a006124. [PMID: 34654706 PMCID: PMC8744498 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The MED13L-related intellectual disability or MRFACD syndrome (Mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects; MIM # 616789) is one of the most common forms of syndromic intellectual disability with about a hundred cases reported so far. Affected individuals share overlapping features comprising intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor delay, remarkable speech delay, and a recognizable facial gestalt. De novo disruption of the MED13L gene by deletions, duplications, or sequence variants has been identified as deleterious. Siblings affected by intragenic deletion transmitted from a mosaic parent have been reported once in the literature. We now present the first case of paternal germinal mosaicism for a missense MED13L variant causing MRFACD syndrome in one of the father's children and being the likely cause of intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism in the other. As part of the Mediator complex, the MED proteins have an essential role in regulating transcription. Thirty-two subunits of the Mediator complex genes have been linked to congenital malformations that are now acknowledged as transcriptomopathies. The MRFACD syndrome has been suggested to represent a recognizable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bessenyei
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Attila Mokánszki
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Anikó Ujfalusi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Genome Diagnostics Nijmegen, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
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Xiang J, Ding Y, Yang F, Gao A, Zhang W, Tang H, Mao J, He Q, Zhang Q, Wang T. Genetic Analysis of Children With Unexplained Developmental Delay and/or Intellectual Disability by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:738561. [PMID: 34858471 PMCID: PMC8631448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.738561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been recommended as a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We aimed to identify the genetic causes of 17 children with developmental delay (DD) and/or intellectual disability (ID). Methods: WES and exome-based copy number variation (CNV) analysis were performed for 17 patients with unexplained DD/ID. Results: Single-nucleotide variant (SNV)/small insertion or deletion (Indel) analysis and exome-based CNV calling yielded an overall diagnostic rate of 58.8% (10/17), of which diagnostic SNVs/Indels accounted for 41.2% (7/17) and diagnostic CNVs accounted for 17.6% (3/17). Conclusion: Our findings expand the known mutation spectrum of genes related to DD/ID and indicate that exome-based CNV analysis could improve the diagnostic yield of patients with DD/ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Quanze He
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
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10
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Carvalho LML, da Costa SS, Campagnari F, Kaufman A, Bertola DR, da Silva IT, Krepischi ACV, Koiffmann CP, Rosenberg C. Two novel pathogenic variants in MED13L: one familial and one isolated case. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1049-1057. [PMID: 34713510 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants involving the MED13L gene can lead to an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by intellectual disability/developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. METHODS We investigated two cases (one familial and one isolated) of intellectual disability with speech delay and dysmorphic facial features by whole-exome sequencing analyses. Further, we performed a literature review about clinical and molecular aspects of MED13L gene and syndrome. RESULTS Two MED13L variants have been identified [MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.4417C>T and MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.2318delC] and were classified as pathogenic according to the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guidelines. One of the variants was present in sibs. CONCLUSIONS The two pathogenic variants identified have not been previously reported. Importantly, this is the first report of a familial case of MED13L nonsense mutation. Although the parents of the affected children were no longer available for analysis, their apparently normal phenotypes were surmised from familial verbal descriptions corresponding to normal mental behaviour and phenotype. In this situation, the familial component of mutation transmission might be caused by gonadal mosaicism of a MED13L mutation in a gonad from either the father or the mother. The case reports and the literature review presented in this manuscript can be useful for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M L Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S S da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - A Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D R Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I T da Silva
- International Centre for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C V Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C P Koiffmann
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Smol T, Frénois F, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Petit F, Ghoumid J. Performance of meta-predictors for the classification of MED13L missense variations, implication of raw parameters. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 65:104398. [PMID: 34798324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MED13L syndrome is a rare congenital disorder comprising moderate intellectual disability, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism. Whole exome or genome sequencing in patients with non-specific neurodevelopmental disorders leads to identification of an increasing number of MED13L missense variations of unknown signification. The aim of our study was to identify relevant annotation parameters enhancing discrimination between candidate pathogenic or neutral missense variations, and to assess the performance of seven meta-predictor algorithms: BayesDel, CADD, DANN, FATHMM-XF, M-CAP, MISTIC and REVEL for the classification of MED13L missense variants. Significant differences were identified for five parameters: global conservation through verPhyloP and verPhCons scores; physico-chemical difference between amino acids estimated by Grantham scores; conservation of residues between MED13L and MED13 protein; proximity to phosphorylation sites for pathogenic variations. Among the seven selected in-silico tools, BayesDel, REVEL, and MISTIC provided the most interesting performances to discriminate pathogenic from neutral missense variations. Individual gene parameter studies with MED13L have provided expertise on elements of annotation improving meta-predictor choices. The in-silico approach allows us to make valuable hypotheses to predict the involvement of these amino acids in MED13L pathogenic missense variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Smol
- Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Frénois
- Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanu
- Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Université de Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France.
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12
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Hamada N, Iwamoto I, Nishikawa M, Nagata KI. Expression Analyses of Mediator Complex Subunit 13-Like: A Responsible Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders during Mouse Brain Development. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:43-52. [PMID: 33794529 DOI: 10.1159/000515188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MED13L (mediator complex subunit 13-like) is a component of the mediator complex, which functions as a regulator for gene transcription. Since gene abnormalities in MED13L are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, MED13L is presumed to play an essential role in brain development. In this study, we prepared a specific antibody against MED13L, anti-MED13L, and analyzed its expression profile in mouse tissues with focusing on the central nervous system. In Western blotting, MED13L exhibited a tissue-dependent expression profile in the adult mouse and was expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner in brain. In immunofluorescence analyses, MED13L was at least partially colocalized with pre- and post-synaptic markers, synaptophysin, and PSD95, in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that MED13L was relatively highly expressed in ventricular zone surface of cerebral cortex, and was also located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons in the cortical plate at embryonic day 14. Then, MED13L showed diffuse cytoplasmic distribution throughout the cerebral cortex at the postnatal day (P) 30. In addition, MED13L appeared to be localized in cell type- and developmental stage-specific manners in the hippocampus and cerebellum. These results suggest that MED13L is involved in the development of the central nervous system and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hamada
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Zhou W, Cai H, Li J, Xu H, Wang X, Men H, Zheng Y, Cai L. Potential roles of mediator Complex Subunit 13 in Cardiac Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:328-338. [PMID: 33390853 PMCID: PMC7757031 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13, previously known as THRAP1 and TRAP240) is a subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) kinase module in the eukaryotic mediator complex. MED13 has been known to play critical roles in cell cycle, development, and growth. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively discuss its newly identified potential roles in myocardial energy metabolism and non-metabolic cardiovascular diseases. Evidence indicates that cardiac MED13 mainly participates in the regulation of nuclear receptor signaling, which drives the transcription of genes involved in modulating cardiac and systemic energy homeostasis. MED13 is also associated with several pathological conditions, such as metabolic syndrome and thyroid disease-associated heart failure. Therefore, MED13 constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the regulation of metabolic disorders and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhou
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - He Cai
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University (Eastern Division), Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hongbo Men
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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14
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Yi Z, Zhang Y, Song Z, Pan H, Yang C, Li F, Xue J, Qu Z. Report of a de novo c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser) change in the MED13L gene and review of the literature for MED13L-related intellectual disability. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:95. [PMID: 32646507 PMCID: PMC7350599 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MED13L-related intellectual disability is a new syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), motor developmental delay, speech impairment, hypotonia and facial dysmorphism. Both the MED13L haploinsufficiency mutation and missense mutation were reported to be causative. It has also been reported that patients carrying missense mutations have more frequent epilepsy and show a more severe phenotype. Case presentation We report a child with ID, speech impairment, severe motor developmental delay, facial deformity, hypotonia, muscular atrophy, scoliosis, odontoprisis, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), and congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) combined with high ureter attachment. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to detect the genetic aberration of the child and found a de novo mutation, c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser), in the MED13L gene. Neither of her parents carried the mutation. Additionally, we review the literature and summarize the phenotypes and features of reported missense mutations. After reviewing the literature, approximately 17 missense mutations in 20 patients have been reported thus far. For 18 patients (including our case) whose clinical manifestations were provided, 100% of the patients had ID or developmental delay (DD). A total of 88.9, 83.3 and 66.7% of the patients had speech impairment, delayed milestones and hypotonia, respectively. A total of 83.3% of the patients exhibited craniofacial deformity or other dysmorphic features. Behavioral difficulties and autistic features were observed in 55.6% of the patients. Cardiac anomalies were seen in only 27.8% of the patients. Of these patients, 44.4% had epileptic seizures. Of the 17 mutations, 2 were located in the N-terminal domain, 8 were located in the C-terminal domain, and 1 was located in an α-helical sequence stretch. One of them was located in the MID domain of the MedPIWI module. Conclusions We report a new patient with a reported missense mutation, c.2605C > T (p.Pro869Ser), who exhibited some infrequent manifestations except common phenotypes, which may broaden the known clinical spectrum. Additionally, by reviewing the literature, we also found that patients with missense mutations have a higher incidence of seizures, MRI abnormalities, autistic features and cardiac anomalies. They also have more severe ID and hypotonia. Our case further demonstrates that Pro869Ser is a hotspot mutation of the MED13L gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yi
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengqing Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghai Qu
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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15
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Bonnycastle K, Davenport EC, Cousin MA. Presynaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from the synaptic vesicle life cycle. J Neurochem 2020; 157:179-207. [PMID: 32378740 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activity-dependent fusion, retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicles is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission. Until relatively recently it was believed that most mutations in genes that were essential for this process would be incompatible with life, because of this fundamental role. However, an ever-expanding number of mutations in this very cohort of genes are being identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability and epilepsy. This article will summarize the current state of knowledge linking mutations in presynaptic genes to neurodevelopmental disorders by sequentially covering the various stages of the synaptic vesicle life cycle. It will also discuss how perturbations of specific stages within this recycling process could translate into human disease. Finally, it will also provide perspectives on the potential for future therapy that are targeted to presynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bonnycastle
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Poot M. Mutations in Mediator Complex Genes CDK8, MED12, MED13, and MEDL13 Mediate Overlapping Developmental Syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:239-242. [PMID: 32021594 DOI: 10.1159/000502346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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17
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Baker K, Gordon SL, Melland H, Bumbak F, Scott DJ, Jiang TJ, Owen D, Turner BJ, Boyd SG, Rossi M, Al-Raqad M, Elpeleg O, Peck D, Mancini GMS, Wilke M, Zollino M, Marangi G, Weigand H, Borggraefe I, Haack T, Stark Z, Sadedin S, Tan TY, Jiang Y, Gibbs RA, Ellingwood S, Amaral M, Kelley W, Kurian MA, Cousin MA, Raymond FL. SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: a case series. Brain 2019; 141:2576-2591. [PMID: 30107533 PMCID: PMC6113648 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) is a critical mediator of fast, synchronous, calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release and also modulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis. This paper describes 11 patients with de novo heterozygous missense mutations in SYT1. All mutations alter highly conserved residues, and cluster in two regions of the SYT1 C2B domain at positions Met303 (M303K), Asp304 (D304G), Asp366 (D366E), Ile368 (I368T) and Asn371 (N371K). Phenotypic features include infantile hypotonia, congenital ophthalmic abnormalities, childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders, motor stereotypies, and developmental delay varying in severity from moderate to profound. Behavioural characteristics include sleep disturbance and episodic agitation. Absence of epileptic seizures and normal orbitofrontal head circumference are important negative features. Structural MRI is unremarkable but EEG disturbance is universal, characterized by intermittent low frequency high amplitude oscillations. The functional impact of these five de novo SYT1 mutations has been assessed by expressing rat SYT1 protein containing the equivalent human variants in wild-type mouse primary hippocampal cultures. All mutant forms of SYT1 were expressed at levels approximately equal to endogenous wild-type protein, and correctly localized to nerve terminals at rest, except for SYT1M303K, which was expressed at a lower level and failed to localize at nerve terminals. Following stimulation, SYT1I368T and SYT1N371K relocalized to nerve terminals at least as efficiently as wild-type SYT1. However, SYT1D304G and SYT1D366E failed to relocalize to nerve terminals following stimulation, indicative of impairments in endocytic retrieval and trafficking of SYT1. In addition, the presence of SYT1 variants at nerve terminals induced a slowing of exocytic rate following sustained action potential stimulation. The extent of disturbance to synaptic vesicle kinetics is mirrored by the severity of the affected individuals' phenotypes, suggesting that the efficiency of SYT1-mediated neurotransmitter release is critical to cognitive development. In summary, de novo dominant SYT1 missense mutations are associated with a recognizable neurodevelopmental syndrome, and further cases can now be diagnosed based on clinical features, electrophysiological signature and mutation characteristics. Variation in phenotype severity may reflect mutation-specific impact on the diverse physiological functions of SYT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Baker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust / MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah L Gordon
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Melland
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabian Bumbak
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tess J Jiang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Owen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stewart G Boyd
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Mari Rossi
- Ambry Genetics, 15 Argonaut, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Raqad
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Children Hospital, King Hussein Medical Centre, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dawn Peck
- University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Heike Weigand
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner's Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Borggraefe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner's Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Sadedin
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Ellingwood
- Maine Medical Partners Pediatric Specialty Care, Congress St, Portland ME, USA
| | - Michelle Amaral
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way NW, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Whitley Kelley
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way NW, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust / MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Burgoyne RD, Helassa N, McCue HV, Haynes LP. Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035154. [PMID: 30833454 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in neurons as in other cell types can lead to varied changes in cellular function. Neuronal Ca2+ signaling processes have also become adapted to modulate the function of specific pathways over a wide variety of time domains and these can have effects on, for example, axon outgrowth, neuronal survival, and changes in synaptic strength. Ca2+ also plays a key role in synapses as the trigger for fast neurotransmitter release. Given its physiological importance, abnormalities in neuronal Ca2+ signaling potentially underlie many different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms by which changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons can bring about diverse responses is underpinned by the roles of ubiquitous or specialized neuronal Ca2+ sensors. It has been established that synaptotagmins have key functions in neurotransmitter release, and, in addition to calmodulin, other families of EF-hand-containing neuronal Ca2+ sensors, including the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) and the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) families, play important physiological roles in neuronal Ca2+ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that these various Ca2+ sensors may also be crucial for aspects of neuronal dysfunction and disease either indirectly or directly as a direct consequence of genetic variation or mutations. An understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of the targets of the Ca2+ sensors and the physiological roles of each protein in identified neurons may contribute to future approaches to the development of treatments for a variety of human neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V McCue
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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19
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Dannappel MV, Sooraj D, Loh JJ, Firestein R. Molecular and in vivo Functions of the CDK8 and CDK19 Kinase Modules. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:171. [PMID: 30693281 PMCID: PMC6340071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK8 and its paralog, CDK19, collectively termed ‘Mediator Kinase,’ are cyclin-dependent kinases that have been implicated as key rheostats in cellular homeostasis and developmental programming. CDK8 and CDK19 are incorporated, in a mutually exclusive manner, as part of a 4-protein complex called the Mediator kinase module. This module reversibly associates with the Mediator, a 26 subunit protein complex that regulates RNA Polymerase II mediated gene expression. As part of this complex, the Mediator kinases have been implicated in diverse process such as developmental signaling, metabolic homeostasis and in innate immunity. In recent years, dysregulation of Mediator kinase module proteins, including CDK8/19, has been implicated in the development of different human diseases, and in particular cancer. This has led to intense efforts to understand how CDK8/19 regulate diverse biological outputs and develop Mediator kinase inhibitors that can be exploited therapeutically. Herein, we review both context and function of the Mediator kinases at a molecular, cellular and animal level. In so doing, we illuminate emerging concepts underpinning Mediator kinase biology and highlight certain aspects that remain unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Volker Dannappel
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Jian Loh
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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20
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Tørring PM, Larsen MJ, Brasch-Andersen C, Krogh LN, Kibæk M, Laulund L, Illum N, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Wiesener A, Popp B, Marangi G, Hjortshøj TD, Ek J, Vogel I, Becher N, Roos L, Zollino M, Fagerberg CR. Is MED13L-related intellectual disability a recognizable syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:129-136. [PMID: 29959045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MED13L-related intellectual disability is characterized by moderate intellectual disability (ID), speech impairment, and dysmorphic facial features. We present 8 patients with MED13L-related intellectual disability and review the literature for phenotypical and genetic aspects of previously described patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the search for genetic aberrations in individuals with ID, two of the patients were identified by chromosomal microarray analysis, and five by exome sequencing. One of the individuals, suspected of MED13L-related intellectual disability, based on clinical features, was identified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS All 8 individuals had de novo MED13L aberrations, including two intragenic microdeletions, two frameshift, three nonsense variants, and one missense variant. Phenotypically, they all had intellectual disability, speech and motor delay, and features of the mouth (open mouth appearance, macroglossia, and/or macrostomia). Two individuals were diagnosed with autism, and one had autistic features. One had complex congenital heart defect, and one had persistent foramen ovale. The literature was reviewed with respect to clinical and dysmorphic features, and genetic aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Even if most clinical features of MED13L-related intellectual disability are rather non-specific, the syndrome may be suspected in some individuals based on the association of developmental delay, speech impairment, bulbous nasal tip, and macroglossia, macrostomia, or open mouth appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Jakob Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maria Kibæk
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Laulund
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Illum
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Hospital A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jakob Ek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Hospital A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
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21
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Smol T, Petit F, Piton A, Keren B, Sanlaville D, Afenjar A, Baker S, Bedoukian EC, Bhoj EJ, Bonneau D, Boudry-Labis E, Bouquillon S, Boute-Benejean O, Caumes R, Chatron N, Colson C, Coubes C, Coutton C, Devillard F, Dieux-Coeslier A, Doco-Fenzy M, Ewans LJ, Faivre L, Fassi E, Field M, Fournier C, Francannet C, Genevieve D, Giurgea I, Goldenberg A, Green AK, Guerrot AM, Heron D, Isidor B, Keena BA, Krock BL, Kuentz P, Lapi E, Le Meur N, Lesca G, Li D, Marey I, Mignot C, Nava C, Nesbitt A, Nicolas G, Roche-Lestienne C, Roscioli T, Satre V, Santani A, Stefanova M, Steinwall Larsen S, Saugier-Veber P, Picker-Minh S, Thuillier C, Verloes A, Vieville G, Wenzel M, Willems M, Whalen S, Zarate YA, Ziegler A, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Kalscheuer VM, Gerard B, Ghoumid J. MED13L-related intellectual disability: involvement of missense variants and delineation of the phenotype. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:93-103. [PMID: 29511999 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular anomalies in MED13L, leading to haploinsufficiency, have been reported in patients with moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID) and distinct facial features, with or without congenital heart defects. Phenotype of the patients was referred to "MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome." Missense variants in MED13L were already previously described to cause the MED13L-related syndrome, but only in a limited number of patients. Here we report 36 patients with MED13L molecular anomaly, recruited through an international collaboration between centers of expertise for developmental anomalies. All patients presented with intellectual disability and severe language impairment. Hypotonia, ataxia, and recognizable facial gestalt were frequent findings, but not congenital heart defects. We identified seven de novo missense variations, in addition to protein-truncating variants and intragenic deletions. Missense variants clustered in two mutation hot-spots, i.e., exons 15-17 and 25-31. We found that patients carrying missense mutations had more frequently epilepsy and showed a more severe phenotype. This study ascertains missense variations in MED13L as a cause for MED13L-related intellectual disability and improves the clinical delineation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France
| | - F Petit
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Keren
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - D Sanlaville
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Baker
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E C Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E J Bhoj
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Bonneau
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - E Boudry-Labis
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Bouquillon
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - O Boute-Benejean
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - R Caumes
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - N Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Colson
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - C Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Dieux-Coeslier
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, EA3801, SFR-CAP Santé, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - L J Ewans
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares 'Anomalies du Développement, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Fassi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Field
- The Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Fournier
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Francannet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Genevieve
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Giurgea
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - A K Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A M Guerrot
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - D Heron
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B A Keena
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B L Krock
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Kuentz
- Equipe GAD, UMR INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - E Lapi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - N Le Meur
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Li
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Marey
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Nava
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Nicolas
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Roche-Lestienne
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - T Roscioli
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A Santani
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Stefanova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Steinwall Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Service de Génétique et Inserm U1079, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Rouen, Inserm et Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Thuillier
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Verloes
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wenzel
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Whalen
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Y A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Service de Génétique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - S Manouvrier-Hanu
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France
| | - V M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Gerard
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, Lille, France. .,Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, avenue Eugène Avinée, Lille, France.
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22
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Jiménez-Romero S, Carrasco-Salas P, Benítez-Burraco A. Language and Cognitive Impairment Associated with a Novel p.Cys63Arg Change in the MED13L Transcriptional Regulator. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:83-91. [PMID: 29593475 DOI: 10.1159/000485638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MED13L gene, which encodes a subunit of a transcriptional regulatory complex, result in a complex phenotype entailing physical and cognitive anomalies. Deep language impairment has been reported in affected individuals, mostly in patients with copy number variations. We report on a child with a nonsynonymous p.Cys63Arg change in MED13L (chr12:116675396A>G, GRCh37) who exhibits profound language impairment in the expressive domain, cognitive delay, behavioral disturbances, and an autism-like phenotype. Because of the brain areas in which MED13L is expressed and because of the functional links between MED13L and the products of selected candidate genes for cognitive disorders involving language deficits, the proband's linguistic phenotype may result from changes in a functional network important for language development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salud Jiménez-Romero
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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23
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Gordon CT, Chopra M, Oufadem M, Alibeu O, Bras M, Boddaert N, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Abadie V, Lyonnet S, Amiel J. MED13L
loss-of-function variants in two patients with syndromic Pierre Robin sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:181-186. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Maya Chopra
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Myriam Oufadem
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Marc Bras
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
- INSERM U1000 and UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Véronique Abadie
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
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24
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Meng QJ, He XL, Xiao H, Xia Q, Bi B, Xiang Y. [Clinical phenotype and genetic analysis of MED13L syndrome]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:1083-1086. [PMID: 29046205 PMCID: PMC7389282 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A boy aged 4 years and 2 months was found to have delayed language and motor development, instability of gait, poor eye contact, stereotyped behavior, and seizure at the age of 3 years. Physical examination showed special facial features, including plagiocephaly, blepharoptosis, wide nasal bridge, down-turned mouth corners at both sides, and low-set ears. There were only two knuckles at the little finger of the left hand. The anteroposterior and lateral films of the spine showed scoliosis; echocardiography showed ventricular septal defect; the Gesell Developmental Scale showed delayed language development and moderate intellectual disability; there were no abnormalities in the karyotype; genome-wide SNP arrays found a duplication in 12q24.21 region with a size of 1.03 Mb in chromosome 12, while this was not seen in his parents. The boy was diagnosed with MED13L syndrome. Point mutation, deletion, and duplication in the MED13L gene can lead to MED13L syndrome. The patients with different genotypes may have different phenotypes. Genome-wide SNP arrays may help with the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jie Meng
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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25
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Asadollahi R, Zweier M, Gogoll L, Schiffmann R, Sticht H, Steindl K, Rauch A. Genotype-phenotype evaluation of MED13L defects in the light of a novel truncating and a recurrent missense mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2017. [PMID: 28645799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A decade after the designation of MED13L as a gene and its link to intellectual disability (ID) and dextro-looped transposition of great arteries in 2003, we previously described a recognizable syndrome due to MED13L haploinsufficiency. Subsequent reports of 22 further patients diagnosed by genome-wide testing further delineated the syndrome with expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and showed reduced penetrance for congenital heart defects. We now report two novel patients identified by whole exome sequencing, one with a de novo MED13L truncating mutation and the other with a de novo missense mutation. The first patient indicates some facial resemblance to Kleefstra syndrome as a novel differential diagnosis, and the second patient shows, for the first time, recurrence of a MED13L missense mutation (p.(Asp860Gly)). Notably, our in silico modelling predicted this missense mutation to decrease the stability of an alpha-helix and thereby affecting the MED13L secondary structure, while the majority of published missense mutations remain variants of uncertain significance. Review of the reported patients with MED13L haploinsufficiency indicates moderate to severe ID and facial anomalies in all patients, as well as severe speech delay and muscular hypotonia in the majority. Further common signs include abnormal MRI findings of myelination defects and abnormal corpus callosum, ataxia and coordination problems, autistic features, seizures/abnormal EEG, or congenital heart defects, present in about 20-50% of the patients. With reference to facial anomalies, the majority of patients were reported to show broad/prominent forehead, low set ears, bitemporal narrowing, upslanting palpebral fissures, depressed/flat nasal bridge, bulbous nose, and abnormal chin, but macroglossia and horizontal eyebrows were also observed in ∼30%. The latter are especially important in the differential diagnosis of 1p36 deletion and Kleefstra syndromes, while the more common facial gestalt shows some resemblance to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Despite the fact that MED13L was found to be one of the most common ID genes in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, further detailed patient descriptions are needed to explore the full clinical spectrum, potential genotype-phenotype correlations, as well as the role of missense mutations and potential mutational hotspots along the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asadollahi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Mullegama SV, Jensik P, Li C, Dorrani N, Kantarci S, Blumberg B, Grody WW, Strom SP. Coupling clinical exome sequencing with functional characterization studies to diagnose a patient with familial Mediterranean fever and MED13L haploinsufficiency syndromes. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:833-840. [PMID: 28588821 PMCID: PMC5458005 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians should consider that clinical exome sequencing provides the unique potential to disentangle complex phenotypes into multiple genetic etiologies. Further, functional studies on variants of uncertain significance are necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureni V Mullegama
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,UCLA Clinical Genomics Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Phillip Jensik
- Department of Physiology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Carbondale Illinois
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,UCLA Clinical Genomics Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | | | - Sibel Kantarci
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,UCLA Clinical Genomics Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | | | - Wayne W Grody
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,UCLA Clinical Genomics Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Samuel P Strom
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California.,UCLA Clinical Genomics Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
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27
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Stessman HAF, Xiong B, Coe BP, Wang T, Hoekzema K, Fenckova M, Kvarnung M, Gerdts J, Trinh S, Cosemans N, Vives L, Lin J, Turner TN, Santen G, Ruivenkamp C, Kriek M, van Haeringen A, Aten E, Friend K, Liebelt J, Barnett C, Haan E, Shaw M, Gecz J, Anderlid BM, Nordgren A, Lindstrand A, Schwartz C, Kooy RF, Vandeweyer G, Helsmoortel C, Romano C, Alberti A, Vinci M, Avola E, Giusto S, Courchesne E, Pramparo T, Pierce K, Nalabolu S, Amaral D, Scheffer IE, Delatycki MB, Lockhart PJ, Hormozdiari F, Harich B, Castells-Nobau A, Xia K, Peeters H, Nordenskjöld M, Schenck A, Bernier RA, Eichler EE. Targeted sequencing identifies 91 neurodevelopmental-disorder risk genes with autism and developmental-disability biases. Nat Genet 2017; 49:515-526. [PMID: 28191889 PMCID: PMC5374041 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene-disruptive mutations contribute to the biology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but most of the related pathogenic genes are not known. We sequenced 208 candidate genes from >11,730 cases and >2,867 controls. We identified 91 genes, including 38 new NDD genes, with an excess of de novo mutations or private disruptive mutations in 5.7% of cases. Drosophila functional assays revealed a subset with increased involvement in NDDs. We identified 25 genes showing a bias for autism versus intellectual disability and highlighted a network associated with high-functioning autism (full-scale IQ >100). Clinical follow-up for NAA15, KMT5B, and ASH1L highlighted new syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of forensic medicine and Institute of Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandy Trinh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nele Cosemans
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janice Lin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gijs Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kriek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emmelien Aten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jan Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women’s and Children’s Hospital), Adelaide, Australia, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute and the University of Adelaide at the Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles Schwartz
- Center for Molecular Studies, J.C. Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Giusto
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima, Troina, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen Pierce
- UCSD, Autism Center of Excellence, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - David Amaral
- MIND Institute and the University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin B. Delatycki
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J. Lockhart
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fereydoun Hormozdiari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven and Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yamamoto T, Shimojima K, Ondo Y, Shimakawa S, Okamoto N. MED13L
haploinsufficiency syndrome: A de novo frameshift and recurrent intragenic deletions due to parental mosaicism. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1264-1269. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiko Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yumiko Ondo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics; Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health; Osaka Japan
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De novo mutations in genes of mediator complex causing syndromic intellectual disability: mediatorpathy or transcriptomopathy? Pediatr Res 2016; 80:809-815. [PMID: 27500536 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the X-linked gene MED12 cause at least three different, but closely related, entities of syndromic intellectual disability. Recently, a new syndrome caused by MED13L deleterious variants has been described, which shows similar clinical manifestations including intellectual disability, hypotonia, and other congenital anomalies. METHODS Genotyping of 1,256 genes related with neurodevelopment was performed by next-generation sequencing in three unrelated patients and their healthy parents. Clinically relevant findings were confirmed by conventional sequencing. RESULTS Each patient showed one de novo variant not previously reported in the literature or databases. Two different missense variants were found in the MED12 or MED13L genes and one nonsense mutation was found in the MED13L gene. CONCLUSION The phenotypic consequences of these mutations are closely related and/or have been previously reported in one or other gene. Additionally, MED12 and MED13L code for two closely related partners of the mediator kinase module. Consequently, we propose the concept of a common MED12/MED13L clinical spectrum, encompassing Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, MED13L haploinsufficiency syndrome, and others.
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Izumi K, Brett M, Nishi E, Drunat S, Tan ES, Fujiki K, Lebon S, Cham B, Masuda K, Arakawa M, Jacquinet A, Yamazumi Y, Chen ST, Verloes A, Okada Y, Katou Y, Nakamura T, Akiyama T, Gressens P, Foo R, Passemard S, Tan EC, El Ghouzzi V, Shirahige K. ARCN1 Mutations Cause a Recognizable Craniofacial Syndrome Due to COPI-Mediated Transport Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:451-9. [PMID: 27476655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is maintained by the highly organized cooperation of intracellular trafficking systems, including COPI, COPII, and clathrin complexes. COPI is a coatomer protein complex responsible for intracellular protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The importance of such intracellular transport mechanisms is underscored by the various disorders, including skeletal disorders such as cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia and osteogenesis imperfect, caused by mutations in the COPII coatomer complex. In this article, we report a clinically recognizable craniofacial disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, severe micrognathia, rhizomelic shortening, microcephalic dwarfism, and mild developmental delay due to loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in ARCN1, which encodes the coatomer subunit delta of COPI. ARCN1 mutant cell lines were revealed to have endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting the involvement of ER stress response in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Given that ARCN1 deficiency causes defective type I collagen transport, reduction of collagen secretion represents the likely mechanism underlying the skeletal phenotype that characterizes this condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of COPI-mediated transport in human development, including skeletogenesis and brain growth.
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Clark AD, Oldenbroek M, Boyer TG. Mediator kinase module and human tumorigenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:393-426. [PMID: 26182352 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1064854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mediator is a conserved multi-subunit signal processor through which regulatory informatiosn conveyed by gene-specific transcription factors is transduced to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). In humans, MED13, MED12, CDK8 and Cyclin C (CycC) comprise a four-subunit "kinase" module that exists in variable association with a 26-subunit Mediator core. Genetic and biochemical studies have established the Mediator kinase module as a major ingress of developmental and oncogenic signaling through Mediator, and much of its function in signal-dependent gene regulation derives from its resident CDK8 kinase activity. For example, CDK8-targeted substrate phosphorylation impacts transcription factor half-life, Pol II activity and chromatin chemistry and functional status. Recent structural and biochemical studies have revealed a precise network of physical and functional subunit interactions required for proper kinase module activity. Accordingly, pathologic change in this activity through altered expression or mutation of constituent kinase module subunits can have profound consequences for altered signaling and tumor formation. Herein, we review the structural organization, biological function and oncogenic potential of the Mediator kinase module. We focus principally on tumor-associated alterations in kinase module subunits for which mechanistic relationships as opposed to strictly correlative associations are established. These considerations point to an emerging picture of the Mediator kinase module as an oncogenic unit, one in which pathogenic activation/deactivation through component change drives tumor formation through perturbation of signal-dependent gene regulation. It follows that therapeutic strategies to combat CDK8-driven tumors will involve targeted modulation of CDK8 activity or pharmacologic manipulation of dysregulated CDK8-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Clark
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Marieke Oldenbroek
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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