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Zeng J, Li J, Liu Y, Liang R, Wang L, Zhou Q, Sun J, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhu S. A Chinese patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2347. [PMID: 38131666 PMCID: PMC10767680 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has been reported in all ethnicities, with several identifiable pathogenic variants. There have been reported cases indicating that RTS may lead to low birth weight in fetuses, but specific data on the fetal period are lacking. Genetic testing for RTS II is currently carried out by identifying pathogenic variants in RECQL4. METHODS In order to determine the cause, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis on the patient and his parents. Variants detected by WGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and examined in family members. RESULTS After analyzing the WGS data, we found a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.2752G>T (p.Glu918Ter) and a novel frameshift insertion mutation c.1547dupC (p.Leu517AlafsTer23) of RECQL4, which is a known pathogenic/disease-causing variant of RTS. Further validation indicated these were compound heterozygous mutations from parents. CONCLUSION Our study expands the mutational spectrum of the RECQL4 gene and enriches the phenotype spectrum of Chinese RTS patients. Our information can assist the patient's parents in making informed decisions regarding their future pregnancies. This case offers a new perspective for clinicians to consider whether to perform prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zeng
- Obstetrics DepartmentShenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Jiayi Li
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuwei Liu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sujun Zhu
- Obstetrics DepartmentShenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina
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Martins DJ, Di Lazzaro Filho R, Bertola DR, Hoch NC. Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, a disorder far from solved. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1296409. [PMID: 38021400 PMCID: PMC10676203 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1296409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a range of clinical symptoms, including poikiloderma, juvenile cataracts, short stature, sparse hair, eyebrows/eyelashes, nail dysplasia, and skeletal abnormalities. While classically associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which encodes a DNA helicase involved in DNA replication and repair, three additional genes have been recently identified in RTS: ANAPC1, encoding a subunit of the APC/C complex; DNA2, which encodes a nuclease/helicase involved in DNA repair; and CRIPT, encoding a poorly characterized protein implicated in excitatory synapse formation and splicing. Here, we review the clinical spectrum of RTS patients, analyze the genetic basis of the disease, and discuss molecular functions of the affected genes, drawing some novel genotype-phenotype correlations and proposing avenues for future studies into this enigmatic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Jardim Martins
- Genomic Stability Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Di Lazzaro Filho
- Center for Human Genome Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dasa Genômica/Genera, Genômica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Center for Human Genome Studies, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Carlos Hoch
- Genomic Stability Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Averdunk L, Huetzen MA, Moreno-Andrés D, Kalb R, McKee S, Hsieh TC, Seibt A, Schouwink M, Lalani S, Faqeih EA, Brunet T, Boor P, Neveling K, Hoischen A, Hildebrandt B, Graf E, Lu L, Jin W, Schaper J, Omer JA, Demaret T, Fleischer N, Schindler D, Krawitz P, Mayatepek E, Wieczorek D, Wang LL, Antonin W, Jachimowicz RD, von Felbert V, Distelmaier F. Biallelic variants in CRIPT cause a Rothmund-Thomson-like syndrome with increased cellular senescence. Genet Med 2023; 25:100836. [PMID: 37013901 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is characterized by poikiloderma, sparse hair, small stature, skeletal defects, cancer, and cataracts, resembling features of premature aging. RECQL4 and ANAPC1 are the 2 known disease genes associated with RTS in >70% of cases. We describe RTS-like features in 5 individuals with biallelic variants in CRIPT (OMIM 615789). METHODS Two newly identified and 4 published individuals with CRIPT variants were systematically compared with those with RTS using clinical data, computational analysis of photographs, histologic analysis of skin, and cellular studies on fibroblasts. RESULTS All CRIPT individuals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RTS and additionally had neurodevelopmental delay and seizures. Using computational gestalt analysis, CRIPT individuals showed greatest facial similarity with individuals with RTS. Skin biopsies revealed a high expression of senescence markers (p53/p16/p21) and the senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity was elevated in CRIPT-deficient fibroblasts. RECQL4- and CRIPT-deficient fibroblasts showed an unremarkable mitotic progression and unremarkable number of mitotic errors and no or only mild sensitivity to genotoxic stress by ionizing radiation, mitomycin C, hydroxyurea, etoposide, and potassium bromate. CONCLUSION CRIPT causes an RTS-like syndrome associated with neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. At the cellular level, RECQL4- and CRIPT-deficient cells display increased senescence, suggesting shared molecular mechanisms leading to the clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Averdunk
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maxim A Huetzen
- Max Planck Research Group Mechanisms of DNA Repair, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne and Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kalb
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast HSC Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marten Schouwink
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Seema Lalani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eissa Ali Faqeih
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Hildebrandt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Linchao Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Weidong Jin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joerg Schaper
- Center of Rare Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jamal A Omer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanguy Demaret
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Detlev Schindler
- Institute for Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ron D Jachimowicz
- Max Planck Research Group Mechanisms of DNA Repair, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne and Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena von Felbert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Xu X, Chang CW, Li M, Omabe K, Le N, Chen YH, Liang F, Liu Y. DNA replication initiation factor RECQ4 possesses a role in antagonizing DNA replication initiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1233. [PMID: 36871012 PMCID: PMC9985596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the conserved C-terminus of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome helicase RECQ4 is highly tumorigenic. However, while the RECQ4 N-terminus is known to facilitate DNA replication initiation, the function of its C-terminus remains unclear. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we identify an interaction between the RECQ4 N-terminus and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) on human chromatin. We further show that this interaction stabilizes APC/C co-activator CDH1 and enhances APC/C-dependent degradation of the replication inhibitor Geminin, allowing replication factors to accumulate on chromatin. In contrast, the function is blocked by the RECQ4 C-terminus, which binds to protein inhibitors of APC/C. A cancer-prone, C-terminal-deleted RECQ4 mutation increases origin firing frequency, accelerates G1/S transition, and supports abnormally high DNA content. Our study reveals a role of the human RECQ4 C-terminus in antagonizing its N-terminus, thereby suppressing replication initiation, and this suppression is impaired by oncogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Vesigen Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 103, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Kenneth Omabe
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Nhung Le
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Feng Liang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA.
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Willemsen M, Staels F, Gerbaux M, Neumann J, Schrijvers R, Meyts I, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:345-360. [PMID: 36395985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are a heterogeneous group of monogenic immunologic disorders caused by mutations in genes with critical roles in the development, maintenance, or function of the immune system. The genetic basis is frequently a mutation in a gene with restricted expression and/or function in immune cells, leading to an immune disorder. Several classes of inborn errors of immunity, however, result from mutation in genes that are ubiquitously expressed. Despite the genes participating in cellular processes conserved between cell types, immune cells are disproportionally affected, leading to inborn errors of immunity. Mutations in DNA replication, DNA repair, or DNA damage response factors can result in monogenic human disease, some of which are classified as inborn errors of immunity. Genetic defects in the DNA repair machinery are a well-known cause of T-B-NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency. An emerging class of inborn errors of immunity is those caused by mutations in DNA replication factors. Considerable heterogeneity exists within the DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity, with diverse immunologic defects and clinical manifestations observed. These differences are suggestive for differential sensitivity of certain leukocyte subsets to deficiencies in specific DNA replication factors. Here, we provide an overview of DNA replication-associated inborn errors of immunity and discuss the emerging mechanistic insights that can explain the observed immunologic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Willemsen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Staels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margaux Gerbaux
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Pediatric Department, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ERN-RITA Core Center Member, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Immunology Program, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge.
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Lu H, Guan J, Wang SY, Li GM, Bohr VA, Davis AJ. DNA-PKcs-dependent phosphorylation of RECQL4 promotes NHEJ by stabilizing the NHEJ machinery at DNA double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5635-5651. [PMID: 35580045 PMCID: PMC9178012 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the major pathway that mediates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by ionizing radiation (IR). Previously, the DNA helicase RECQL4 was implicated in promoting NHEJ, but its role in the pathway remains unresolved. In this study, we report that RECQL4 stabilizes the NHEJ machinery at DSBs to promote repair. Specifically, we find that RECQL4 interacts with the NHEJ core factor DNA-PKcs and the interaction is increased following IR. RECQL4 promotes DNA end bridging mediated by DNA-PKcs and Ku70/80 in vitro and the accumulation/retention of NHEJ factors at DSBs in vivo. Moreover, interaction between DNA-PKcs and the other core NHEJ proteins following IR treatment is attenuated in the absence of RECQL4. These data indicate that RECQL4 promotes the stabilization of the NHEJ factors at DSBs to support formation of the NHEJ long-range synaptic complex. In addition, we observed that the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs is required for accumulation of RECQL4 to DSBs and that DNA-PKcs phosphorylates RECQL4 at six serine/threonine residues. Blocking phosphorylation at these sites reduced the recruitment of RECQL4 to DSBs, attenuated the interaction between RECQL4 and NHEJ factors, destabilized interactions between the NHEJ machinery, and resulted in decreased NHEJ. Collectively, these data illustrate reciprocal regulation between RECQL4 and DNA-PKcs in NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junhong Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shih-Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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7
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Maity J, Horibata S, Zurcher G, Lee JM. Targeting of RecQ Helicases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051219. [PMID: 35267530 PMCID: PMC8909030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RecQ helicases are essential for DNA replication, recombination, DNA damage repair, and other nucleic acid metabolic pathways required for normal cell growth, survival, and genome stability. More recently, RecQ helicases have been shown to be important for replication fork stabilization, one of the major mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance. Cancer cells often have upregulated helicases and depend on these enzymes to repair rapid growth-promoted DNA lesions. Several studies are now evaluating the use of RecQ helicases as potential biomarkers of breast and gynecologic cancers. Furthermore, RecQ helicases have attracted interest as possible targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of RecQ helicases and their interacting partners that may be utilized for effective treatment strategies (as cancers depend on helicases for survival). We also discuss how targeting helicase in combination with DNA repair inhibitors (i.e., PARP and ATR inhibitors) can be used as novel approaches for cancer treatment to increase sensitivity to current treatment to prevent rise of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirindra Maity
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sachi Horibata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Grant Zurcher
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.M.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (J.M.L.)
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8
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Xu X, Chang CW, Li M, Liu C, Liu Y. Molecular Mechanisms of the RECQ4 Pathogenic Mutations. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:791194. [PMID: 34869606 PMCID: PMC8637615 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.791194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human RECQ4 gene encodes an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that contains a conserved superfamily II helicase domain located at the center of the polypeptide. RECQ4 is one of the five RECQ homologs in human cells, and its helicase domain is flanked by the unique amino and carboxyl termini with sequences distinct from other members of the RECQ helicases. Since the identification of the RECQ4 gene in 1998, multiple RECQ4 mutations have been linked to the pathogenesis of three clinical diseases, which are Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Baller-Gerold syndrome, and RAPADILINO. Patients with these diseases show various developmental abnormalities. In addition, a subset of RECQ4 mutations are associated with high cancer risks, especially for osteosarcoma and/or lymphoma at early ages. The discovery of clinically relevant RECQ4 mutations leads to intriguing questions: how is the RECQ4 helicase responsible for preventing multiple clinical syndromes? What are the mechanisms by which the RECQ4 disease mutations cause tissue abnormalities and drive cancer formation? Furthermore, RECQ4 is highly overexpressed in many cancer types, raising the question whether RECQ4 acts not only as a tumor suppressor but also an oncogene that can be a potential new therapeutic target. Defining the molecular dysfunctions of different RECQ4 disease mutations is imperative to improving our understanding of the complexity of RECQ4 clinical phenotypes and the dynamic roles of RECQ4 in cancer development and prevention. We will review recent progress in examining the molecular and biochemical properties of the different domains of the RECQ4 protein. We will shed light on how the dynamic roles of RECQ4 in human cells may contribute to the complexity of RECQ4 clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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9
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Luong TT, Bernstein KA. Role and Regulation of the RECQL4 Family during Genomic Integrity Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1919. [PMID: 34946868 PMCID: PMC8701316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL4 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved RecQ family of 3' to 5' DNA helicases. RECQL4 is critical for maintaining genomic stability through its functions in DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Unlike many DNA repair proteins, RECQL4 has unique functions in many of the central DNA repair pathways such as replication, telomere, double-strand break repair, base excision repair, mitochondrial maintenance, nucleotide excision repair, and crosslink repair. Consistent with these diverse roles, mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three distinct genetic diseases, which are characterized by developmental defects and/or cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles and regulation of RECQL4 during maintenance of genome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara A. Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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10
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Ding D, Sun X, Pang MYH, An L, Huen MSY, Hu T, Ishibashi T. RECQL5 KIX domain splicing isoforms have distinct functions in transcription repression and DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 97:103007. [PMID: 33197722 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RecQL5, a mammalian RecQ family protein, is involved in the regulation of transcription elongation, DNA damage response, and DNA replication. Here, we identified and characterized an alternative splicing isoform of RECQL5 (RECQL5β1), which contains 17 additional amino acid residues within the RECQL5 KIX domain when compared with the canonical isoform (RECQL5β). RECQL5β1 had a markedly decreased binding affinity to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and poorly competed with the transcription elongation factor TFIIS for binding to Pol II. As a result, this isoform has a weaker activity for repression of transcription elongation. In contrast, we discovered that RECQL5β1 could bind stronger to MRE11, which is a primary sensor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, we found that RECQL5β1 promoted DNA repair in the RECQL5β1 rescue cells. These results suggest that RECQL5β mainly functions as a transcription repressor, while the newly discovered RECQL5β1 has a specialized role in DNA damage response. Taken together, our data suggest a cellular-functional specialization for each KIX splicing isoform in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xulun Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Matthew Y H Pang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwei An
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Taobo Hu
- Center of Breast Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Chang CW, Xu X, Li M, Xin D, Ding L, Wang YT, Liu Y. Pathogenic mutations reveal a role of RECQ4 in mitochondrial RNA:DNA hybrid formation and resolution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17033. [PMID: 33046774 PMCID: PMC7552406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a complex process that involves the formation and resolution of unusual nucleic acid structures, such as RNA:DNA hybrids. However, little is known about the enzymes that regulate these processes. RECQ4 is a DNA replication factor important for mtDNA maintenance, and here, we unveil a role of human RECQ4 in regulating the formation and resolution of mitochondrial RNA:DNA hybrids. Mitochondrial membrane protein p32 can block mtDNA synthesis by restricting RECQ4 mitochondrial localization via protein–protein interaction. We found that the interaction with p32 was disrupted not only by the previously reported cancer-associated RECQ4 mutation, del(A420-A463), but also by a clinical mutation of the adjacent residue, P466L. Surprisingly, although P466L mutant was present in the mitochondria at greater levels, unlike del(A420-A463) mutant, it failed to enhance mtDNA synthesis due to the accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrids throughout the mtDNA. Biochemical analysis revealed that P466L mutation enhanced RECQ4 annealing activity to generate RNA:DNA hybrids at the same time reduced its unwinding activity to resolve this structure. Hence, P466L mutation led to a reduced efficiency in completing mtDNA synthesis due to unresolved RNA:DNA hybrids across mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Wei Chang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Di Xin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Lin Ding
- J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA.
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12
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Prahlad J, Yuan Y, Lin J, Chang CW, Iwata-Reuyl D, Liu Y, de Crécy-Lagard V, Wilson MA. The DUF328 family member YaaA is a DNA-binding protein with a novel fold. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14236-14247. [PMID: 32796037 PMCID: PMC7549036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DUF328 family proteins are present in many prokaryotes; however, their molecular activities are unknown. The Escherichia coli DUF328 protein YaaA is a member of the OxyR regulon and is protective against oxidative stress. Because uncharacterized proteins involved in prokaryotic oxidative stress response are rare, we sought to learn more about the DUF328 family. Using comparative genomics, we found a robust association between the DUF328 family and genes involved in DNA recombination and the oxidative stress response. In some proteins, DUF328 domains are fused to other domains involved in DNA binding, recombination, and repair. Cofitness analysis indicates that DUF328 family genes associate with recombination-mediated DNA repair pathways, particularly the RecFOR pathway. Purified recombinant YaaA binds to dsDNA, duplex DNA containing bubbles of unpaired nucleotides, and Holliday junction constructs in vitro with dissociation equilibrium constants of 200-300 nm YaaA binds DNA with positive cooperativity, forming multiple shifted species in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The 1.65-Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of YaaA reveals that the protein possesses a new fold that we name the cantaloupe fold. YaaA has a positively charged cleft and a helix-hairpin-helix DNA-binding motif found in other DNA repair enzymes. Our results demonstrate that YaaA is a new type of DNA-binding protein associated with the oxidative stress response and that this molecular function is likely conserved in other DUF328 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Prahlad
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yifeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jiusheng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Dirk Iwata-Reuyl
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA,University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA,For correspondence: Valérie de Crécy-Lagard, ; Mark A. Wilson,
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA,For correspondence: Valérie de Crécy-Lagard, ; Mark A. Wilson,
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13
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Duan S, Han X, Akbari M, Croteau DL, Rasmussen LJ, Bohr VA. Interaction between RECQL4 and OGG1 promotes repair of oxidative base lesion 8-oxoG and is regulated by SIRT1 deacetylase. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6530-6546. [PMID: 32432680 PMCID: PMC7337523 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OGG1 initiated base excision repair (BER) is the major pathway for repair of oxidative DNA base damage 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Here, we report that RECQL4 DNA helicase, deficient in the cancer-prone and premature aging Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, physically and functionally interacts with OGG1. RECQL4 promotes catalytic activity of OGG1 and RECQL4 deficiency results in defective 8-oxoG repair and increased genomic 8-oxoG. Furthermore, we show that acute oxidative stress leads to increased RECQL4 acetylation and its interaction with OGG1. The NAD+-dependent protein SIRT1 deacetylates RECQL4 in vitro and in cells thereby controlling the interaction between OGG1 and RECQL4 after DNA repair and maintaining RECQL4 in a low acetylated state. Collectively, we find that RECQL4 is involved in 8-oxoG repair through interaction with OGG1, and that SIRT1 indirectly modulates BER of 8-oxoG by controlling RECQL4–OGG1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlei Duan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xuerui Han
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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14
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Peter B, Falkenberg M. TWINKLE and Other Human Mitochondrial DNA Helicases: Structure, Function and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040408. [PMID: 32283748 PMCID: PMC7231222 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondria contain a circular genome (mtDNA) which encodes subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The replication and maintenance of mtDNA is carried out by a set of nuclear-encoded factors—of which, helicases form an important group. The TWINKLE helicase is the main helicase in mitochondria and is the only helicase required for mtDNA replication. Mutations in TWINKLE cause a number of human disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration and premature ageing. In addition, a number of other helicases with a putative role in mitochondria have been identified. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of TWINKLE structure and function and its role in diseases of mtDNA maintenance. We also briefly discuss other potential mitochondrial helicases and postulate on their role(s) in mitochondria.
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15
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Brosh RM, Matson SW. History of DNA Helicases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030255. [PMID: 32120966 PMCID: PMC7140857 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the DNA double helix, there has been a fascination in understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that account for: (i) the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and (ii) the remarkable stability of the genome. Nucleic acid biologists have endeavored to unravel the mysteries of DNA not only to understand the processes of DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription but to also characterize the underlying basis of genetic diseases characterized by chromosomal instability. Perhaps unexpectedly at first, DNA helicases have arisen as a key class of enzymes to study in this latter capacity. From the first discovery of ATP-dependent DNA unwinding enzymes in the mid 1970's to the burgeoning of helicase-dependent pathways found to be prevalent in all kingdoms of life, the story of scientific discovery in helicase research is rich and informative. Over four decades after their discovery, we take this opportunity to provide a history of DNA helicases. No doubt, many chapters are left to be written. Nonetheless, at this juncture we are privileged to share our perspective on the DNA helicase field - where it has been, its current state, and where it is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Brosh
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.J.); (S.W.M.); Tel.: +1-410-558-8578 (R.M.B.J.); +1-919-962-0005 (S.W.M.)
| | - Steven W. Matson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.J.); (S.W.M.); Tel.: +1-410-558-8578 (R.M.B.J.); +1-919-962-0005 (S.W.M.)
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16
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Lu L, Jin W, Wang LL. RECQ DNA Helicases and Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:37-54. [PMID: 32767233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RECQ family of DNA helicases is a conserved group of enzymes that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Humans possess five RECQ helicase genes, and mutations in three of them - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - are associated with the genetic disorders Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. These syndromes share overlapping clinical features, and importantly they are all associated with an increased risk of cancer. Patients with RTS have the highest specific risk of developing osteosarcoma compared to all other cancer predisposition syndromes; therefore, RTS serves as a relevant model to study the pathogenesis and molecular genetics of osteosarcoma. The "tumor suppressor" function of the RECQ helicases continues to be an area of active investigation. This chapter will focus primarily on the known cellular functions of RECQL4 and how these may relate to tumorigenesis, as well as ongoing efforts to understand RECQL4's functions in vivo using animal models. Understanding the RECQ pathways will provide insight into avenues for novel cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Kohzaki M, Ootsuyama A, Sun L, Moritake T, Okazaki R. Human RECQL4 represses the RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing pathway after ionizing radiation or cisplatin treatment. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:3098-3113. [PMID: 31495919 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and cisplatin are frequently used cancer treatments, although the mechanisms of error-prone DNA repair-mediated genomic instability after anticancer treatment are not fully clarified yet. RECQL4 mutations mainly in the C-terminal region of the RECQL4 gene lead to the cancer-predisposing Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, but the function of RECQL4ΔC (C-terminus deleted) in error-prone DNA repair remains unclear. We established several RECQL4ΔC cell lines and found that RECQL4ΔC cancer cells, but not RECQL4ΔC nontumorigenic cells, exhibited IR/cisplatin hypersensitivity. Notably, RECQL4ΔC cancer cells presented increased RPA2/RAD52 foci after cancer treatments. RECQL4ΔC HCT116 cells exhibited increased error-prone single-strand annealing (SSA) activity and decreased alternative end-joining activities, suggesting that RECQL4 regulates the DNA repair pathway choice at double-strand breaks. RAD52 depletion by siRNA or RAD52 inhibitors (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR], (-)-epigallocatechin [EGC]) or a RAD52-phenylalanine 79 aptamer significantly restrained the growth of RAD52-upregulated RECQL4ΔC HCT116 cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Remarkably, compared to single-agent cisplatin or EGC treatment, cisplatin followed by low-concentration EGC had a significant suppressive effect on RECQL4ΔC HCT116 cell growth in vivo. Together, the regimens targeting the RAD52-mediated SSA pathway after anticancer treatment may be applicable for cancer patients with RECQL4 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaoki Kohzaki
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akira Ootsuyama
- Department of Radiation Biology and Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Lue Sun
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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18
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Castillo-Tandazo W, Smeets MF, Murphy V, Liu R, Hodson C, Heierhorst J, Deans AJ, Walkley CR. ATP-dependent helicase activity is dispensable for the physiological functions of Recql4. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008266. [PMID: 31276497 PMCID: PMC6636780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by skin rash (poikiloderma), skeletal dysplasia, small stature, juvenile cataracts, sparse or absent hair, and predisposition to specific malignancies such as osteosarcoma and hematological neoplasms. RTS is caused by germ-line mutations in RECQL4, a RecQ helicase family member. In vitro studies have identified functions for the ATP-dependent helicase of RECQL4. However, its specific role in vivo remains unclear. To determine the physiological requirement and the biological functions of Recql4 helicase activity, we generated mice with an ATP-binding-deficient knock-in mutation (Recql4K525A). Recql4K525A/K525A mice were strikingly normal in terms of embryonic development, body weight, hematopoiesis, B and T cell development, and physiological DNA damage repair. However, mice bearing two distinct truncating mutations Recql4G522Efs and Recql4R347*, that abolished not only the helicase but also the C-terminal domain, developed a profound bone marrow failure and decrease in survival similar to a Recql4 null allele. These results demonstrate that the ATP-dependent helicase activity of Recql4 is not essential for its physiological functions and that other domains might contribute to this phenotype. Future studies need to be performed to elucidate the complex interactions of RECQL4 domains and its contribution to the development of RTS. DNA helicases unwind double-stranded nucleic acids using energy from ATP to access genetic information during cell replication. In humans, several families of helicases have been described and one of particular importance is the RecQ family, where mutations in three of five members cause human disease. RECQL4 is a member of this family and its mutation results in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS). Prior studies have shown that defects in the helicase region of RECQL4 may contribute to the disease, but no studies have specifically assessed the biological effects of its absence in a whole animal model. In this study, we generated a mouse model with a specific point mutation resulting in a helicase-inactive Recql4 protein. We found that an absence of ATP-dependent helicase activity does not perturb the physiological functions of Recql4 with the homozygous mutants being normal. In contrast, when we assessed point mutations that generate protein truncations these were pathogenic. Our results suggest that the helicase function of Recql4 is not essential for its physiological functions and that other domains of this protein might account for its functions in diseases such as RTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Monique F. Smeets
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Vincent Murphy
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Liu
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte Hodson
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Jörg Heierhorst
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Deans
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl R. Walkley
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Brosh RM, Trakselis MA. Fine-tuning of the replisome: Mcm10 regulates fork progression and regression. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1047-1055. [PMID: 31014174 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1609833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades of research have identified Mcm10 hanging around the replisome making several critical contacts with a number of proteins but with no real disclosed function. Recently, the O'Donnell laboratory has been better able to map the interactions of Mcm10 with a larger Cdc45/GINS/MCM (CMG) unwinding complex placing it at the front of the replication fork. They have shown biochemically that Mcm10 has the impressive ability to strip off single-strand binding protein (RPA) and reanneal complementary DNA strands. This has major implications in controlling DNA unwinding speed as well as responding to various situations where fork reversal is needed. This work opens up a number of additional facets discussed here revolving around accessing the DNA junction for different molecular purposes within a crowded replisome. Abbreviations: alt-NHEJ: Alternative Nonhomologous End-Joining; CC: Coli-Coil motif; CMG: Cdc45/GINS/MCM2-7; CMGM: Cdc45/GINS/Mcm2-7/Mcm10; CPT: Camptothecin; CSB: Cockayne Syndrome Group B protein; CTD: C-Terminal Domain; DSB: Double-Strand Break; DSBR: Double-Strand Break Repair; dsDNA: Double-Stranded DNA; GINS: go-ichi-ni-san, Sld5-Psf1-Psf2-Psf3; HJ Dis: Holliday Junction dissolution; HJ Res: Holliday Junction resolution; HR: Homologous Recombination; ICL: Interstrand Cross-Link; ID: Internal Domain; MCM: Minichromosomal Maintenance; ND: Not Determined; NTD: N-Terminal Domain; PCNA: Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; RPA: Replication Protein A; SA: Strand Annealing; SE: Strand Exchange; SEW: Steric Exclusion and Wrapping; ssDNA: Single-Stranded DNA; TCR: Transcription-Coupled Repair; TOP1: Topoisomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Brosh
- a Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology , National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Michael A Trakselis
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , TX , USA
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20
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Yokoyama H, Moreno-Andres D, Astrinidis SA, Hao Y, Weberruss M, Schellhaus AK, Lue H, Haramoto Y, Gruss OJ, Antonin W. Chromosome alignment maintenance requires the MAP RECQL4, mutated in the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800120. [PMID: 30718377 PMCID: PMC6362308 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL4, which is mutated in the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome characterized by premature aging and cancer susceptibility, is a microtubule-associated protein required for mitotic chromosome alignment. RecQ-like helicase 4 (RECQL4) is mutated in patients suffering from the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome, a genetic disease characterized by premature aging, skeletal malformations, and high cancer susceptibility. Known roles of RECQL4 in DNA replication and repair provide a possible explanation of chromosome instability observed in patient cells. Here, we demonstrate that RECQL4 is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) localizing to the mitotic spindle. RECQL4 depletion in M-phase–arrested frog egg extracts does not affect spindle assembly per se, but interferes with maintaining chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate. Low doses of nocodazole depolymerize RECQL4-depleted spindles more easily, suggesting abnormal microtubule–kinetochore interaction. Surprisingly, inter-kinetochore distance of sister chromatids is larger in depleted extracts and patient fibroblasts. Consistent with a role to maintain stable chromosome alignment, RECQL4 down-regulation in HeLa cells causes chromosome misalignment and delays mitotic progression. Importantly, these chromosome alignment defects are independent from RECQL4’s reported roles in DNA replication and damage repair. Our data elucidate a novel function of RECQL4 in mitosis, and defects in mitotic chromosome alignment might be a contributing factor for the Rothmund–Thomson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yokoyama
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,ID Pharma Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andres
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Yuqing Hao
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Weberruss
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna K Schellhaus
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hongqi Lue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Haramoto
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Institute of Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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21
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Fang H, Niu K, Mo D, Zhu Y, Tan Q, Wei D, Li Y, Chen Z, Yang S, Balajee AS, Zhao Y. RecQL4-Aurora B kinase axis is essential for cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and mitotic integrity. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:68. [PMID: 30206236 PMCID: PMC6134139 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human RecQL4 helicase plays critical roles in the maintenance of genomic stability. Mutations in RecQL4 helicase results in three clinically related autosomal recessive disorders: Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), RAPADILINO, and Baller–Gerold syndrome. In addition to several premature aging features, RTS patients are characterized by aneuploidy involving either loss or gain of a single chromosome. Chromosome mosaicism and isochromosomes involving chromosomes 2, 7, and 8 have been reported in RecQL4-deficient RTS patients, but the precise role of RecQL4 in chromosome segregation/stability remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that RecQL4 physically and functionally interacts with Aurora B kinase (AURKB) and stabilizes its expression by inhibiting its ubiquitination process. Our study indicates that the N-terminus of RecQL4 interacts with the catalytic domain of AURKB. Strikingly, RecQL4 suppression reduces the expression of AURKB leading to mitotic irregularities and apoptotic cell death. RecQL4 suppression increases the proportion of cells at the G2/M phase followed by an extensive cell death, presumably owing to the accumulation of mitotic irregularities. Both these defects (accumulation of cells at G2/M phase and an improper mitotic exit to sub-G1) are complemented by the ectopic expression of AURKB. Finally, evidence is provided for the requirement of both human telomerase reverse transcriptase and RecQL4 for stable immortalization and longevity of RTS fibroblasts. Collectively, our study suggests that the RecQL4–AURKB axis is essential for cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and mitotic stability in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qunsong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wei
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory, REACTS, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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22
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Li M, Xu X, Chang CW, Zheng L, Shen B, Liu Y. SUMO2 conjugation of PCNA facilitates chromatin remodeling to resolve transcription-replication conflicts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2706. [PMID: 30006506 PMCID: PMC6045570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During DNA synthesis, DNA replication and transcription machinery can collide, and the replication fork may temporarily dislodge RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to resolve the transcription-replication conflict (TRC), a major source of endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and common fragile site (CFS) instability. However, the mechanism of TRC resolution remains unclear. Here, we show that conjugation of SUMO2, but not SUMO1 or SUMO3, to the essential replication factor PCNA is induced on transcribed chromatin by the RNAPII-bound helicase RECQ5. Proteomic analysis reveals that SUMO2-PCNA enriches histone chaperones CAF1 and FACT in the replication complex via interactions with their SUMO-interacting motifs. SUMO2-PCNA enhances CAF1-dependent histone deposition, which correlates with increased histone H3.1 at CFSs and repressive histone marks in the chromatin to reduce chromatin accessibility. Hence, SUMO2-PCNA dislodges RNAPII at CFSs, and overexpressing either SUMO2-PCNA or CAF1 reduces the incidence of DSBs in TRC-prone RECQ5-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010-3000, USA.
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23
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Datta A, Brosh RM. New Insights Into DNA Helicases as Druggable Targets for Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:59. [PMID: 29998112 PMCID: PMC6028597 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that deter the functions of DNA damage response machinery are postulated to be useful for enhancing the DNA damaging effects of chemotherapy or ionizing radiation treatments to combat cancer by impairing the proliferative capacity of rapidly dividing cells that accumulate replicative lesions. Chemically induced or genetic synthetic lethality is a promising area in personalized medicine, but it remains to be optimized. A new target in cancer therapy is DNA unwinding enzymes known as helicases. Helicases play critical roles in all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. We and others have investigated small molecule targeted inhibition of helicase function by compound screens using biochemical and cell-based approaches. Small molecule-induced trapping of DNA helicases may represent a generalized mechanism exemplified by certain topoisomerase and PARP inhibitors that exert poisonous consequences, especially in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Taking the lead from the broader field of DNA repair inhibitors and new information gleaned from structural and biochemical studies of DNA helicases, we predict that an emerging strategy to identify useful helicase-interacting compounds will be structure-based molecular docking interfaced with a computational approach. Potency, specificity, drug resistance, and bioavailability of helicase inhibitor drugs and targeting such compounds to subcellular compartments where the respective helicases operate must be addressed. Beyond cancer therapy, continued and new developments in this area may lead to the discovery of helicase-interacting compounds that chemically rescue clinically relevant helicase missense mutant proteins or activate the catalytic function of wild-type DNA helicases, which may have novel therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Röhrig S, Dorn A, Enderle J, Schindele A, Herrmann NJ, Knoll A, Puchta H. The RecQ-like helicase HRQ1 is involved in DNA crosslink repair in Arabidopsis in a common pathway with the Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease FAN1 and the postreplicative repair ATPase RAD5A. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1478-1490. [PMID: 29577315 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RecQ helicases are important caretakers of genome stability and occur in varying copy numbers in different eukaryotes. Subsets of RecQ paralogs are involved in DNA crosslink (CL) repair. The orthologs of AtRECQ2, AtRECQ3 and AtHRQ1, HsWRN, DmRECQ5 and ScHRQ1 participate in CL repair in their respective organisms, and we aimed to define the function of these helicases for plants. We obtained Arabidopsis mutants of the three RecQ helicases and determined their sensitivity against CL agents in single- and double-mutant analyses. Only Athrq1, but not Atrecq2 and Atrecq3, mutants proved to be sensitive to intra- and interstrand crosslinking agents. AtHRQ1 is specifically involved in the repair of replicative damage induced by CL agents. It shares pathways with the Fanconi anemia-related endonuclease FAN1 but not with the endonuclease MUS81. Most surprisingly, AtHRQ1 is epistatic to the ATPase RAD5A for intra- as well as interstrand CL repair. We conclude that, as in fungi, AtHRQ1 has a conserved function in DNA excision repair. Additionally, HRQ1 not only shares pathways with the Fanconi anemia repair factors, but in contrast to fungi also seems to act in a common pathway with postreplicative DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Röhrig
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Annika Dorn
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Janina Enderle
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Angelina Schindele
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Natalie J Herrmann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander Knoll
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, BW, 76131, Germany
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25
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Li J, Jin J, Liao M, Dang W, Chen X, Wu Y, Liao W. Upregulation of RECQL4 expression predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541191 PMCID: PMC5835851 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cDNA microarray experiments revealed that the ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q4 (RECQL4) gene is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, the exact role of RECQL4 in HCC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate RECQL4 expression in HCC and to analyze the potential clinical implications of RECQL4 expression in HCC patients. The expression of RECQL4 mRNA was assessed in 205 samples of HCC tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the expression of RECQL4 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly higher compared with adjacent normal liver tissues (P<0.001). The level of RECQL4 mRNA expression was associated with high a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (>100 ng/ml), tumor size (>6 cm), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that HCC patients with higher levels of RECQL4 expression exhibited significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) times compared with those with low levels of expression. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that high RECQL4 expression was a significant independent predictor for DFS [HR, 1.635; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.062–2.515; P=0.025] and OS (HR, 1.618; 95% CI, 1.050–2.493; P=0.029) of HCC patients. These data indicated that RECQL4 might be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Liao
- First Clinical Academy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Xinhuang Chen
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
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26
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RecQ and Fe-S helicases have unique roles in DNA metabolism dictated by their unwinding directionality, substrate specificity, and protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 46:77-95. [PMID: 29273621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicases are molecular motors that play central roles in nucleic acid metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases of the RecQ and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) helicase families are linked to hereditary disorders characterized by chromosomal instabilities, highlighting the importance of these enzymes. Moreover, mono-allelic RecQ and Fe-S helicase mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of cancers. This review will discuss and contrast the specialized molecular functions and biological roles of RecQ and Fe-S helicases in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and the regulation of gene expression, laying a foundation for continued research in these important areas of study.
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27
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Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation regulates RECQL4 pathway choice and ubiquitination in DNA double-strand break repair. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2039. [PMID: 29229926 PMCID: PMC5725494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway choice within DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is a tightly regulated process to maintain genome integrity. RECQL4, deficient in Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome, promotes the two major DSB repair pathways, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Here we report that RECQL4 promotes and coordinates NHEJ and HR in different cell cycle phases. RECQL4 interacts with Ku70 to promote NHEJ in G1 when overall cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity is low. During S/G2 phases, CDK1 and CDK2 (CDK1/2) phosphorylate RECQL4 on serines 89 and 251, enhancing MRE11/RECQL4 interaction and RECQL4 recruitment to DSBs. After phosphorylation, RECQL4 is ubiquitinated by the DDB1-CUL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase, which facilitates its accumulation at DSBs. Phosphorylation of RECQL4 stimulates its helicase activity, promotes DNA end resection, increases HR and cell survival after ionizing radiation, and prevents cellular senescence. Collectively, we propose that RECQL4 modulates the pathway choice of NHEJ and HR in a cell cycle-dependent manner. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is a tightly regulated process that can occur via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Here, the authors investigate how RECQL4 modulates DSB repair pathway choice by differentially regulating NHEJ and HR in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
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28
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You Z, Masai H. Potent DNA strand annealing activity associated with mouse Mcm2∼7 heterohexameric complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6494-6506. [PMID: 28449043 PMCID: PMC5499727 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) is a central component for DNA unwinding reaction during eukaryotic DNA replication. Mcm2∼7, each containing a conserved ATPase motif, form a six subunit-heterohexamer. Although the reconstituted Mcm2∼7–Cdc45–GINS (CMG) complex displays DNA unwinding activity, the Mcm2∼7 complex does not generally exhibit helicase activity under a normal assay condition. We detected a strong DNA strand annealing activity in the purified mouse Mcm2∼7 heterohexamer, which promotes rapid reassociation of displaced complementary single-stranded DNAs, suggesting a potential cause for its inability to exhibit DNA helicase activity. Indeed, DNA unwinding activity of Mcm2∼7 could be detected in the presence of a single-stranded DNA that is complementary to the displaced strand, which would prevent its reannealing to the template. ATPase-deficient mutations in Mcm2, 4, 5 and 6 subunits inactivated the annealing activity, while those in Mcm2 and 5 subunits alone did not. The annealing activity of Mcm2∼7 does not require Mg2+ and ATP, and is adversely inhibited by the presence of high concentration of Mg2+ and ATP while activated by similar concentrations of ADP. Our findings show that the DNA helicase activity of Mcm2∼7 may be masked by its unexpectedly strong annealing activity, and suggest potential physiological roles of strand annealing activity of Mcm during replication stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying You
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hisao Masai
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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29
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Mo D, Zhao Y, Balajee AS. Human RecQL4 helicase plays multifaceted roles in the genomic stability of normal and cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 413:1-10. [PMID: 29080750 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human RecQ helicases that share homology with E. coli RecQ helicase play critical roles in diverse biological activities such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair. Mutations in three of the five human RecQ helicases (RecQ1, WRN, BLM, RecQL4 and RecQ5) result in autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by accelerated aging symptoms and cancer incidence. Mutational inactivation of Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM) genes results in Werner syndrome (WS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) respectively. However, mutations in RecQL4 result in three human disorders: (I) Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), (II) RAPADILINO and (III) Baller-Gerold syndrome (BGS). Cells from WS, BS and RTS are characterized by a unique chromosomal anomaly indicating that each of the RecQ helicases performs specialized function(s) in a non-redundant manner. Elucidating the biological functions of RecQ helicases will enable us to understand not only the aging process but also to determine the cause for age-associated human diseases. Recent biochemical and molecular studies have given new insights into the multifaceted roles of RecQL4 that range from genomic stability to carcinogenesis and beyond. This review summarizes some of the existing and emerging knowledge on diverse biological functions of RecQL4 and its significance as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Mo
- Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing CN 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing CN 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
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30
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Rogers CM, Wang JCY, Noguchi H, Imasaki T, Takagi Y, Bochman ML. Yeast Hrq1 shares structural and functional homology with the disease-linked human RecQ4 helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5217-5230. [PMID: 28334827 PMCID: PMC5605238 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The five human RecQ helicases participate in multiple processes required to maintain genome integrity. Of these, the disease-linked RecQ4 is the least studied because it poses many technical challenges. We previously demonstrated that the yeast Hrq1 helicase displays similar functions to RecQ4 in vivo, and here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of these enzymes. In vitro, Hrq1 and RecQ4 are DNA-stimulated ATPases and robust helicases. Further, these activities were sensitive to DNA sequence and structure, with the helicases preferentially unwinding D-loops. Consistent with their roles at telomeres, telomeric repeat sequence DNA also stimulated binding and unwinding by these enzymes. Finally, electron microscopy revealed that Hrq1 and RecQ4 share similar structural features. These results solidify Hrq1 as a true RecQ4 homolog and position it as the premier model to determine how RecQ4 mutations lead to genomic instability and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Rogers
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Imasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yuichiro Takagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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31
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Kaiser S, Sauer F, Kisker C. The structural and functional characterization of human RecQ4 reveals insights into its helicase mechanism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15907. [PMID: 28653661 PMCID: PMC5490261 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ4 is a member of the RecQ helicase family, an evolutionarily conserved class of enzymes, dedicated to preserving genomic integrity by operating in telomere maintenance, DNA repair and replication. While reduced RecQ4 activity is associated with cancer predisposition and premature aging, RecQ4 upregulation is related to carcinogenesis and metastasis. Within the RecQ family, RecQ4 assumes an exceptional position, lacking several characteristic RecQ domains. Here we present the crystal structure of human RecQ4, encompassing the conserved ATPase core and a novel C-terminal domain that lacks resemblance to the RQC domain observed in other RecQ helicases. The new domain features a zinc-binding site and two distinct types of winged-helix domains, which are not involved in canonical DNA binding or helicase activity. Based on our structural and functional analysis, we propose that RecQ4 exerts a helicase mechanism, which may be more closely related to bacterial RecQ helicases than to its human family members. RecQ helicases are important for maintaining genomic integrity. Here, the authors present functional data and the crystal structure of human RecQ4, which exerts a helicase mechanism that may be more closely related to bacterial RecQ helicases than to its human family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaiser
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute of Structural Biology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Florian Sauer
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute of Structural Biology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute of Structural Biology, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/D15, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
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32
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Rogers CM, Bochman ML. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrq1 helicase activity is affected by the sequence but not the length of single-stranded DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1116-1121. [PMID: 28385527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human RecQ4 DNA helicase are associated with three different diseases characterized by genomic instability. To gain insight into how RecQ4 dysfunction leads to these pathologies, several groups have used the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RecQ4 homolog Hrq1 as an experimental model. Hrq1 displays many of the same functions as RecQ4 in vivo and in vitro. However, there is some disagreement in the literature about the effects of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) length on Hrq1 helicase activity and the ability of Hrq1 to anneal complementary ssDNA oligonucleotides into duplex DNA. Here, we present a side-by-side comparison of Hrq1 and RecQ4 helicase activity, demonstrating that in both cases, long random-sequence 3' ssDNA tails inhibit DNA unwinding in vitro in a length-dependent manner. This appears to be due to the formation of secondary structures in the random-sequence ssDNA because Hrq1 preferentially unwound poly(dT)-tailed forks independent of ssDNA length. Further, RecQ4 is capable of ssDNA strand annealing and annealing-dependent strand exchange, but Hrq1 lacks these activities. These results establish the importance of DNA sequence in Hrq1 helicase activity, and the absence of Hrq1 strand annealing activity explains the previously identified discrepancies between S. cerevisiae Hrq1 and human RecQ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Rogers
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Simon Hall MSB1, Room 405B, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Simon Hall MSB1, Room 405B, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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33
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Patil AV, Hsieh TS. Ribosomal Protein S3 Negatively Regulates Unwinding Activity of RecQ-like Helicase 4 through Their Physical Interaction. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4313-4325. [PMID: 28159839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human RecQ-like helicase 4 (RECQL4) plays crucial roles in replication initiation and DNA repair; however, the contextual regulation of its unwinding activity is not fully described. Mutations in RECQL4 have been linked to three diseases including Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, which is characterized by osteoskeletal deformities, photosensitivity, and increased osteosarcoma susceptibility. Understanding regulation of RECQL4 helicase activity by interaction partners will allow deciphering its role as an enzyme and a signaling cofactor in different cellular contexts. We became interested in studying the interaction of RECQL4 with ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) because previous studies have shown that RPS3 activity is sometimes associated with phenotypes mimicking those of mutated RECQL4. RPS3 is a small ribosomal protein that also has extraribosomal functions, including apurnic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-like activity suggested to be important during DNA repair. Here, we report a functional and physical interaction between RPS3 and RECQL4 and show that this interaction may be enhanced during cellular stress. We show that RPS3 inhibits ATPase, DNA binding, and helicase activities of RECQL4 through their direct interaction. Further domain analysis shows that N-terminal 1-320 amino acids of RECQL4 directly interact with the C-terminal 94-244 amino acids of RPS3 (C-RPS3). Biochemical analysis of C-RPS3 revealed that it comprises a standalone apurnic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-like domain. We used U2OS cells to show that oxidative stress and UV exposure could enhance the interaction between nuclear RPS3 and RECQL4. Regulation of RECQL4 biochemical activities by RPS3 along with nuclear interaction during UV and oxidative stress may serve to modulate active DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vitthal Patil
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program and .,the Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, and.,the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Shih Hsieh
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program and.,the Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, and.,the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,the Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Telomere-associated aging disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:52-66. [PMID: 27215853 PMCID: PMC9926533 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are dynamic nucleoprotein-DNA structures that cap and protect linear chromosome ends. Several monogenic inherited diseases that display features of human premature aging correlate with shortened telomeres, and are referred to collectively as telomeropathies. These disorders have overlapping symptoms and a common underlying mechanism of telomere dysfunction, but also exhibit variable symptoms and age of onset, suggesting they fall along a spectrum of disorders. Primary telomeropathies are caused by defects in the telomere maintenance machinery, whereas secondary telomeropathies have some overlapping symptoms with primary telomeropathies, but are generally caused by mutations in DNA repair proteins that contribute to telomere preservation. Here we review both the primary and secondary telomeropathies, discuss potential mechanisms for tissue specificity and age of onset, and highlight outstanding questions in the field and future directions toward elucidating disease etiology and developing therapeutic strategies.
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Interaction of RECQ4 and MCM10 is important for efficient DNA replication origin firing in human cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40464-79. [PMID: 26588054 PMCID: PMC4747346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly coordinated process that is initiated at multiple replication origins in eukaryotes. These origins are bound by the origin recognition complex (ORC), which subsequently recruits the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase in a Cdt1/Cdc6-dependent manner. In budding yeast, two essential replication factors, Sld2 and Mcm10, are then important for the activation of replication origins. In humans, the putative Sld2 homolog, RECQ4, interacts with MCM10. Here, we have identified two mutants of human RECQ4 that are deficient in binding to MCM10. We show that these RECQ4 variants are able to complement the lethality of an avian cell RECQ4 deletion mutant, indicating that the essential function of RECQ4 in vertebrates is unlikely to require binding to MCM10. Nevertheless, we show that the RECQ4-MCM10 interaction is important for efficient replication origin firing.
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Lu H, Shamanna RA, Keijzers G, Anand R, Rasmussen LJ, Cejka P, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. RECQL4 Promotes DNA End Resection in Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Cell Rep 2016; 16:161-173. [PMID: 27320928 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The RecQ helicase RECQL4, mutated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, regulates genome stability, aging, and cancer. Here, we identify a crucial role for RECQL4 in DNA end resection, which is the initial and an essential step of homologous recombination (HR)-dependent DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Depletion of RECQL4 severely reduces HR-mediated repair and 5' end resection in vivo. RECQL4 physically interacts with MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN), which senses DSBs and initiates DNA end resection with CtIP. The MRE11 exonuclease regulates the retention of RECQL4 at laser-induced DSBs. RECQL4 also directly interacts with CtIP via its N-terminal domain and promotes CtIP recruitment to the MRN complex at DSBs. Moreover, inactivation of RECQL4's helicase activity impairs DNA end processing and HR-dependent DSBR without affecting its interaction with MRE11 and CtIP, suggesting an important role for RECQL4's unwinding activity in the process. Thus, we report that RECQL4 is an important participant in HR-dependent DSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Raghavendra A Shamanna
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roopesh Anand
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
RecQL4, one of the 5 human RecQ helicases, is a key mediator of genomic stability and its deficiency can cause premature aging phenotypes. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas and RNAi technology, we demonstrated that autophagy level was elevated in both RecQL4 knockdown and knockout cells compared with those of the control cells. Surprisingly, mitochondrial content was increased and LC3 co-localization with mitochondria was partially lost in RecQL4 knockout cells compared with the control cells, suggesting that RecQL4 deficiency impaired mitophagic processes in U2OS cells. Furthermore, we found that knockout of RecQL4 destabilized PINK1. In addition, RecQL4 knockout cells were more susceptible to apoptosis under mitochondrial stress than the control cells. In conclusion, our findings indicated a novel role of RecQL4 in the regulation of autophagy/mitophagy in U2OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmiao Duan
- a Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Fang
- a Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mo D, Fang H, Niu K, Liu J, Wu M, Li S, Zhu T, Aleskandarany MA, Arora A, Lobo DN, Madhusudan S, Balajee AS, Chi Z, Zhao Y. Human Helicase RECQL4 Drives Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Activating an AKT-YB1-MDR1 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3057-66. [PMID: 27013200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of the DNA-unwinding helicase RECQL4, which participates in various DNA repair pathways, has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenicity of various human cancers, including gastric cancer. In this study, we addressed the prognostic and chemotherapeutic significance of RECQL4 in human gastric cancer, which has yet to be determined. We observed significant increases in RECQL4 mRNA or protein in >70% of three independent sets of human gastric cancer specimens examined, relative to normal gastric tissues. Strikingly, high RECQL4 expression in primary tumors correlated well with poor survival and gastric cancer lines with high RECQL4 expression displayed increased resistance to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistic investigations revealed a novel role for RECQL4 in transcriptional regulation of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, through a physical interaction with the transcription factor YB1. Notably, ectopic expression of RECQL4 in cisplatin-sensitive gastric cancer cells with low endogenous RECQL4 was sufficient to render them resistant to cisplatin, in a manner associated with YB1 elevation and MDR1 activation. Conversely, RECQL4 silencing in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells with high endogenous RECQL4 suppressed YB1 phosphorylation, reduced MDR1 expression, and resensitized cells to cisplatin. In establishing RECQL4 as a critical mediator of cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells, our findings provide a therapeutic rationale to target RECQL4 or the downstream AKT-YB1-MDR1 axis to improve gastric cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3057-66. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Biological Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tienian Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind Arora
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- REAC/TS, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Zhenfen Chi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Im JS, Park SY, Cho WH, Bae SH, Hurwitz J, Lee JK. RecQL4 is required for the association of Mcm10 and Ctf4 with replication origins in human cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1001-9. [PMID: 25602958 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though RecQL4 was shown to be essential for the initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells, its role in initiation is poorly understood. Here, we show that RecQL4 is required for the origin binding of Mcm10 and Ctf4, and their physical interactions and association with replication origins are controlled by the concerted action of both CDK and DDK activities. Although RecQL4-dependent binding of Mcm10 and Ctf4 to chromatin can occur in the absence of pre-replicative complex, their association with replication origins requires the presence of the pre-replicative complex and CDK and DDK activities. Their association with replication origins and physical interactions are also targets of the DNA damage checkpoint pathways which prevent initiation of DNA replication at replication origins. Taken together, the RecQL4-dependent association of Mcm10 and Ctf4 with replication origins appears to be the first important step controlled by S phase promoting kinases and checkpoint pathways for the initiation of DNA replication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sub Im
- a Department of Biology Education; Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea
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40
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Differential and Concordant Roles for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Regulating WRN and RECQL5 Activities. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3974-89. [PMID: 26391948 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00427-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of proteins, a posttranslational modification which forms the nucleic acid-like polymer PAR. PARP1 and PAR are integral players in the early DNA damage response, since PARylation orchestrates the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage. Human RecQ helicases are DNA unwinding proteins that are critical responders to DNA damage, but how their recruitment and activities are regulated by PARPs and PAR is poorly understood. Here we report that all human RecQ helicases interact with PAR noncovalently. Furthermore, we define the effects that PARP1, PARylated PARP1, and PAR have on RECQL5 and WRN, using both in vitro and in vivo assays. We show that PARylation is involved in the recruitment of RECQL5 and WRN to laser-induced DNA damage and that RECQL5 and WRN have differential responses to PARylated PARP1 and PAR. Furthermore, we show that the loss of RECQL5 or WRN resulted in increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PARP1 and PAR actively, and in some instances differentially, regulate the activities and cellular localization of RECQL5 and WRN, suggesting that PARylation acts as a fine-tuning mechanism to coordinate their functions in time and space during the genotoxic stress response.
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41
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Akhmedov AT, Marín-García J. Mitochondrial DNA maintenance: an appraisal. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:283-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Khan I, Sommers JA, Brosh RM. Close encounters for the first time: Helicase interactions with DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 33:43-59. [PMID: 26160335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA helicases are molecular motors that harness the energy of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwinding structured DNA molecules that must be resolved during cellular replication, DNA repair, recombination, and transcription. In vivo, DNA helicases are expected to encounter a wide spectrum of covalent DNA modifications to the sugar phosphate backbone or the nitrogenous bases; these modifications can be induced by endogenous biochemical processes or exposure to environmental agents. The frequency of lesion abundance can vary depending on the lesion type. Certain adducts such as oxidative base modifications can be quite numerous, and their effects can be helix-distorting or subtle perturbations to DNA structure. Helicase encounters with specific DNA lesions and more novel forms of DNA damage will be discussed. We will also review the battery of assays that have been used to characterize helicase-catalyzed unwinding of damaged DNA substrates. Characterization of the effects of specific DNA adducts on unwinding by various DNA repair and replication helicases has proven to be insightful for understanding mechanistic and biological aspects of helicase function in cellular DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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43
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Ding L, Liu Y. Borrowing nuclear DNA helicases to protect mitochondrial DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10870-87. [PMID: 25984607 PMCID: PMC4463680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal cells, mitochondria are the primary organelles that generate energy, which is critical for cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations or an abnormal mtDNA copy number, is linked to a range of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, premature aging and cancer. mtDNA resides in the mitochondrial lumen, and its duplication requires the mtDNA replicative helicase, Twinkle. In addition to Twinkle, many DNA helicases, which are encoded by the nuclear genome and are crucial for nuclear genome integrity, are transported into the mitochondrion to also function in mtDNA replication and repair. To date, these helicases include RecQ-like helicase 4 (RECQ4), petite integration frequency 1 (PIF1), DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) and suppressor of var1 3-like protein 1 (SUV3). Although the nuclear functions of some of these DNA helicases have been extensively studied, the regulation of their mitochondrial transport and the mechanisms by which they contribute to mtDNA synthesis and maintenance remain largely unknown. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent research progress on the role of mammalian DNA helicases in mitochondrial genome maintenance and the effects on mitochondria-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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44
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RECQ4 selectively recognizes Holliday junctions. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:80-9. [PMID: 25769792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The RECQ4 protein belongs to the RecQ helicase family, which plays crucial roles in genome maintenance. Mutations in the RECQ4 gene are associated with three insidious hereditary disorders: Rothmund-Thomson, Baller-Gerold, and RAPADILINO syndromes. These syndromes are characterized by growth deficiency, radial ray defects, red rashes, and higher predisposition to malignancy, especially osteosarcomas. Within the RecQ family, RECQ4 is the least characterized, and its role in DNA replication and repair remains unknown. We have identified several DNA binding sites within RECQ4. Two are located at the N-terminus and one is located within the conserved helicase domain. N-terminal domains probably cooperate with one another and promote the strong annealing activity of RECQ4. Surprisingly, the region spanning 322-400aa shows a very high affinity for branched DNA substrates, especially Holliday junctions. This study demonstrates biochemical activities of RECQ4 that could be involved in genome maintenance and suggest its possible role in processing replication and recombination intermediates.
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45
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Keller H, Kiosze K, Sachsenweger J, Haumann S, Ohlenschläger O, Nuutinen T, Syväoja JE, Görlach M, Grosse F, Pospiech H. The intrinsically disordered amino-terminal region of human RecQL4: multiple DNA-binding domains confer annealing, strand exchange and G4 DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12614-27. [PMID: 25336622 PMCID: PMC4227796 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human RecQL4 belongs to the ubiquitous RecQ helicase family. Its N-terminal region represents the only homologue of the essential DNA replication initiation factor Sld2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also participates in the vertebrate initiation of DNA replication. Here, we utilized a random screen to identify N-terminal fragments of human RecQL4 that could be stably expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Biophysical characterization of these fragments revealed that the Sld2 homologous RecQL4 N-terminal domain carries large intrinsically disordered regions. The N-terminal fragments were sufficient for the strong annealing activity of RecQL4. Moreover, this activity appeared to be the basis for an ATP-independent strand exchange activity. Both activities relied on multiple DNA-binding sites with affinities to single-stranded, double-stranded and Y-structured DNA. Finally, we found a remarkable affinity of the N-terminus for guanine quadruplex (G4) DNA, exceeding the affinities for other DNA structures by at least 60-fold. Together, these findings suggest that the DNA interactions mediated by the N-terminal region of human RecQL4 represent a central function at the replication fork. The presented data may also provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of elements with a G4-forming propensity identified in the vicinity of vertebrate origins of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Keller
- Research Group Biochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kristin Kiosze
- Research Group Biochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Juliane Sachsenweger
- Research Group Biochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haumann
- Research Group Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Ohlenschläger
- Research Group Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Juhani E Syväoja
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthias Görlach
- Research Group Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Grosse
- Research Group Biochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Pospiech
- Research Group Biochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
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Chen CF, Brill SJ. Multimerization domains are associated with apparent strand exchange activity in BLM and WRN DNA helicases. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 22:137-46. [PMID: 25198671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BLM and WRN are members of the RecQ family of DNA helicases that act to suppress genome instability and cancer predisposition. In addition to a RecQ helicase domain, each of these proteins contains an N-terminal domain of approximately 500 amino acids (aa) that is incompletely characterized. Previously, we showed that the N-terminus of Sgs1, the yeast ortholog of BLM, contains a physiologically important 200 aa domain (Sgs1103-322) that displays single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding, strand annealing (SA), and apparent strand-exchange (SE) activities in vitro. Here we used a genetic assay to search for heterologous proteins that could functionally replace this domain of Sgs1 in vivo. In contrast to Rad59, the oligomeric Rad52 protein provided in vivo complementation, suggesting that multimerization is functionally important. An N-terminal domain of WRN was also identified that could replace Sgs1103-322 in yeast. This domain, WRN235-526, contains a known coiled coil and displays the same SA and SE activities as Sgs1103-322. The coiled coil domain of WRN235-526 is required for both its in vivo activity and its in vitro SE activity. Based on this result, a potential coiled coil was identified within Sgs1103-322. This 25 amino acid region was similarly essential for wt Sgs1 activity in vivo and was replaceable by a heterologous coiled coil. Taken together, the results indicate that a coiled coil and a closely linked apparent SE activity are conserved features of the BLM and WRN DNA helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Steven J Brill
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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Smeets MF, DeLuca E, Wall M, Quach JM, Chalk AM, Deans AJ, Heierhorst J, Purton LE, Izon DJ, Walkley CR. The Rothmund-Thomson syndrome helicase RECQL4 is essential for hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3551-65. [PMID: 24960165 DOI: 10.1172/jci75334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations within the gene encoding the DNA helicase RECQL4 underlie the autosomal recessive cancer-predisposition disorder Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, though it is unclear how these mutations lead to disease. Here, we demonstrated that somatic deletion of Recql4 causes a rapid bone marrow failure in mice that involves cells from across the myeloid, lymphoid, and, most profoundly, erythroid lineages. Apoptosis was markedly elevated in multipotent progenitors lacking RECQL4 compared with WT cells. While the stem cell compartment was relatively spared in RECQL4-deficent mice, HSCs from these animals were not transplantable and even selected against. The requirement for RECQL4 was intrinsic in hematopoietic cells, and loss of RECQL4 in these cells was associated with increased replicative DNA damage and failed cell-cycle progression. Concurrent deletion of p53, which rescues loss of function in animals lacking the related helicase BLM, did not rescue BM phenotypes in RECQL4-deficient animals. In contrast, hematopoietic defects in cells from Recql4Δ/Δ mice were fully rescued by a RECQL4 variant without RecQ helicase activity, demonstrating that RECQL4 maintains hematopoiesis independently of helicase activity. Together, our data indicate that RECQL4 participates in DNA replication rather than genome stability and identify RECQL4 as a regulator of hematopoiesis with a nonredundant role compared with other RecQ helicases.
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Shamanna RA, Singh DK, Lu H, Mirey G, Keijzers G, Salles B, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. RECQ helicase RECQL4 participates in non-homologous end joining and interacts with the Ku complex. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2415-24. [PMID: 24942867 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL4, a member of the RecQ helicase family, is a multifunctional participant in DNA metabolism. RECQL4 protein participates in several functions both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of the cell, and mutations in human RECQL4 are associated with three genetic disorders: Rothmund-Thomson, RAPADILINO and Baller-Gerold syndromes. We previously reported that RECQL4 is recruited to laser-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Here, we have characterized the functional roles of RECQL4 in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DSB repair. In an in vitro NHEJ assay that depends on the activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), extracts from RECQL4 knockdown cells display reduced end-joining activity on DNA substrates with cohesive and non-cohesive ends. Depletion of RECQL4 also reduced the end joining activity on a GFP reporter plasmid in vivo. Knockdown of RECQL4 increased the sensitivity of cells to γ-irradiation and resulted in accumulation of 53BP1 foci after irradiation, indicating defects in the processing of DSB. We find that RECQL4 interacts with the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer, part of the DNA-PK complex, via its N-terminal domain. Further, RECQL4 stimulates higher order DNA binding of Ku70/Ku80 to a blunt end DNA substrate. Taken together, these results implicate that RECQL4 participates in the NHEJ pathway of DSB repair via a functional interaction with the Ku70/Ku80 complex. This is the first study to provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for a role of a RecQ helicase in NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra A Shamanna
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huiming Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gladys Mirey
- INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and
| | - Guido Keijzers
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Salles
- INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, INRA, Université de Toulouse, UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, F-31027 Toulouse, France and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Senescence induced by RECQL4 dysfunction contributes to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome features in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1226. [PMID: 24832598 PMCID: PMC4047874 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to irreversible growth arrest of primary eukaryotic cells, a process thought to contribute to aging-related degeneration and disease. Deficiency of RecQ helicase RECQL4 leads to Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), and we have investigated whether senescence is involved using cellular approaches and a mouse model. We first systematically investigated whether depletion of RECQL4 and the other four human RecQ helicases, BLM, WRN, RECQL1 and RECQL5, impacts the proliferative potential of human primary fibroblasts. BLM-, WRN- and RECQL4-depleted cells display increased staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), higher expression of p16INK4a or/and p21WAF1 and accumulated persistent DNA damage foci. These features were less frequent in RECQL1- and RECQL5-depleted cells. We have mapped the region in RECQL4 that prevents cellular senescence to its N-terminal region and helicase domain. We further investigated senescence features in an RTS mouse model, Recql4-deficient mice (Recql4HD). Tail fibroblasts from Recql4HD showed increased SA-β-gal staining and increased DNA damage foci. We also identified sparser tail hair and fewer blood cells in Recql4HD mice accompanied with increased senescence in tail hair follicles and in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, dysfunction of RECQL4 increases DNA damage and triggers premature senescence in both human and mouse cells, which may contribute to symptoms in RTS patients.
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Wang JT, Xu X, Alontaga AY, Chen Y, Liu Y. Impaired p32 regulation caused by the lymphoma-prone RECQ4 mutation drives mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Rep 2014; 7:848-58. [PMID: 24746816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins that are important for ATP biogenesis. Therefore, changes in mtDNA copy number will have profound consequences on cell survival and proliferation. RECQ4 DNA helicase participates in both nuclear DNA and mtDNA synthesis. However, the mechanism that balances the distribution of RECQ4 in the nucleus and mitochondria is unknown. Here, we show that RECQ4 forms protein complexes with Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), nucleophosmin (NPM), and mitochondrial p32 in different cellular compartments. Critically, the interaction with p32 negatively controls the transport of both RECQ4 and its chromatin-associated replication factor, MCM10, from the nucleus to mitochondria. Amino acids that are deleted in the most common cancer-associated RECQ4 mutation are required for the interaction with p32. Hence, this RECQ4 mutant, which is no longer regulated by p32 and is enriched in the mitochondria, interacts with the mitochondrial replication helicase PEO1 and induces abnormally high levels of mtDNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin-Tarng Wang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Aileen Y Alontaga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
| | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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