1
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Gadre P, Markova P, Ebrahimkutty M, Jiang Y, Bouzada FM, Watt FM. Emergence and properties of adult mammalian epidermal stem cells. Dev Biol 2024; 515:129-138. [PMID: 39059680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review we discuss how the mammalian interfollicular epidermis forms during development, maintains homeostasis, and is repaired following wounding. Recent studies have provided new insights into the relationship between the stem cell compartment and the differentiating cell layers; the ability of differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into stem cells; and the epigenetic memory of epidermal cells following wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Gadre
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlina Markova
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yidan Jiang
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco M Bouzada
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Wright AP, Harris S, Madden S, Reyes BR, Mulamula E, Gibson A, Rauch I, Constant DA, Nice TJ. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) determines intestinal epithelial cell development and immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:633-650. [PMID: 38604478 PMCID: PMC11323225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) responses to interferon (IFN) favor antiviral defense with minimal cytotoxicity, but IEC-specific factors that regulate these responses remain poorly understood. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of nine related transcription factors, and IRF6 is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells, but its roles in IEC immunity are unknown. In this study, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screens found that Irf6 deficiency enhanced IFN-stimulated antiviral responses in transformed mouse IECs but not macrophages. Furthermore, knockout (KO) of Irf6 in IEC organoids resulted in profound changes to homeostasis and immunity gene expression. Irf6 KO organoids grew more slowly, and single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing indicated reduced expression of genes in epithelial differentiation and immunity pathways. IFN-stimulated gene expression was also significantly different in Irf6 KO organoids, with increased expression of stress and apoptosis-associated genes. Functionally, the transcriptional changes in Irf6 KO organoids were associated with increased cytotoxicity upon IFN treatment or inflammasome activation. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for IRF6 in IEC biology, including regulation of epithelial development and moderation of innate immune responses to minimize cytotoxicity and maintain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Wright
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sydney Harris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Madden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bryan Ramirez Reyes
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ethan Mulamula
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexis Gibson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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3
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Carroll SH, Schafer S, Dalessandro E, Ho TV, Chai Y, Liao EC. Neural crest and periderm-specific requirements of Irf6 during neural tube and craniofacial development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598425. [PMID: 38915513 PMCID: PMC11195129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
IRF6 is a key genetic determinant of syndromic and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. The ability to interrogate post-embryonic requirements of Irf6 has been hindered, as global Irf6 ablation in the mouse causes neonatal lethality. Prior work analyzing Irf6 in mouse models defined its role in the embryonic surface epithelium and periderm where it is required to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Several reports have also described Irf6 gene expression in other cell types, such as muscle, and neuroectoderm. However, analysis of a functional role in non-epithelial cell lineages has been incomplete due to the severity and lethality of the Irf6 knockout model and the paucity of work with a conditional Irf6 allele. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a new Irf6 floxed mouse model and analysis of Irf6 ablation in periderm and neural crest lineages. This work found that loss of Irf6 in periderm recapitulates a mild Irf6 null phenotype, suggesting that Irf6-mediated signaling in periderm plays a crucial role in regulating embryonic development. Further, conditional ablation of Irf6 in neural crest cells resulted in an anterior neural tube defect of variable penetrance. The generation of this conditional Irf6 allele allows for new insights into craniofacial development and new exploration into the post-natal role of Irf6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Carroll
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sogand Schafer
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen Dalessandro
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
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4
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Wallace CH, Oliveros G, Xie L, Serrano P, Rockwell P, Figueiredo-Pereira M. Potential Alzheimer's early biomarkers in a transgenic rat model and benefits of diazoxide/dibenzoylmethane co-treatment on spatial memory and AD-pathology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3730. [PMID: 38355687 PMCID: PMC10867006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of dementia prevalent in older adults and with a high incidence in females. Identification of early biomarkers is essential for preventive intervention to delay its progression. Furthermore, due to its multifactorial nature, a multi-target approach could be therapeutically beneficial. Our studies included 4- (pre-pathology) and 11-month (mild-pathology) TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic Alzheimer's model that exhibits age-dependent AD progression. We identified two potential early biomarker genes for AD, early growth response 2 (EGR2) and histone 1H2AA (HIST1H2AA), in the hippocampus of 4-month females. Out of 17,168 genes analyzed by RNA sequencing, expression of these two genes was significantly altered in 4-month TgF344-AD rats compared to wild-type littermates. We also evaluated co-treatment with diazoxide (DZ), a potassium channel activator, and dibenzoylmethane (DIB), which inhibits eIF2α-P activity, on TgF344-AD and wild-type rats. DZ/DIB-treatment mitigated spatial memory deficits and buildup of hippocampal Aβ plaques and tau PHF in 11-month TgF344-AD rats but had no effect on wild-type littermates. To our knowledge, this preclinical study is the first to report EGR2 and HIST1H2AA as potential AD biomarkers in females, and the benefits of DZ/DIB-treatment in AD. Evaluations across multiple AD-related models is warranted to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Oliveros
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Computer Sciences, Hunter College CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College CUNY and Graduate Center, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Ramal M, Corral S, Kalisz M, Lapi E, Real FX. The urothelial gene regulatory network: understanding biology to improve bladder cancer management. Oncogene 2024; 43:1-21. [PMID: 37996699 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The urothelium is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and an upper layer of differentiated umbrella cells. Most bladder cancers (BLCA) are urothelial carcinomas. Loss of urothelial lineage fidelity results in altered differentiation, highlighted by the taxonomic classification into basal and luminal tumors. There is a need to better understand the urothelial transcriptional networks. To systematically identify transcription factors (TFs) relevant for urothelial identity, we defined highly expressed TFs in normal human bladder using RNA-Seq data and inferred their genomic binding using ATAC-Seq data. To focus on epithelial TFs, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from patient-derived organoids recapitulating features of basal/luminal tumors. We classified TFs as "luminal-enriched", "basal-enriched" or "common" according to expression in organoids. We validated our classification by differential gene expression analysis in Luminal Papillary vs. Basal/Squamous tumors. Genomic analyses revealed well-known TFs associated with luminal (e.g., PPARG, GATA3, FOXA1) and basal (e.g., TP63, TFAP2) phenotypes and novel candidates to play a role in urothelial differentiation or BLCA (e.g., MECOM, TBX3). We also identified TF families (e.g., KLFs, AP1, circadian clock, sex hormone receptors) for which there is suggestive evidence of their involvement in urothelial differentiation and/or BLCA. Genomic alterations in these TFs are associated with BLCA. We uncover a TF network involved in urothelial cell identity and BLCA. We identify novel candidate TFs involved in differentiation and cancer that provide opportunities for a better understanding of the underlying biology and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ramal
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Corral
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Lapi
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Ghosh S, Isma J, Mazzeo L, Toniolo A, Simon C, Dotto GP. Nuclear lamin A/C phosphorylation by loss of Androgen Receptor is a global determinant of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546870. [PMID: 37425957 PMCID: PMC10327063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of nuclear structure and function, and associated impact on gene transcription, are a hallmark of cancer cells. Little is known of these alterations in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), a key component of the tumor stroma. Here we show that loss of androgen receptor (AR), which triggers early steps of CAF activation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), leads to nuclear membrane alterations and increased micronuclei formation, which are unlinked from induction of cellular senescence. Similar alterations occur in fully established CAFs, which are overcome by restored AR function. AR associates with nuclear lamin A/C and loss of AR results in a substantially increased lamin A/C nucleoplasmic redistribution. Mechanistically, AR functions as a bridge between lamin A/C with the protein phosphatase PPP1. In parallel with a decreased lamin-PPP1 association, AR loss results in a marked increase of lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301, which is also a feature of CAFs. Phosphorylated lamin A/C at Ser 301 binds to the transcription promoter regulatory region of several CAF effector genes, which are upregulated due to the loss of AR. More directly, expression of a lamin A/C Ser301 phosphomimetic mutant alone is sufficient to convert normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting CAFs of the myofibroblast subtype, without an impact on senescence. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the AR-lamin A/C-PPP1 axis and lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301 in driving CAF activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jovan Isma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G. Paolo Dotto
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Dąbrowska J, Biedziak B, Bogdanowicz A, Mostowska A. Identification of Novel Risk Variants of Non-Syndromic Cleft Palate by Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2051. [PMID: 36902838 PMCID: PMC10004578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft palate (ns-CP) has a genetically heterogeneous aetiology. Numerous studies have suggested a crucial role of rare coding variants in characterizing the unrevealed component of genetic variation in ns-CP called the "missing heritability". Therefore, this study aimed to detect low-frequency variants that are implicated in ns-CP aetiology in the Polish population. For this purpose, coding regions of 423 genes associated with orofacial cleft anomalies and/or involved with facial development were screened in 38 ns-CP patients using the next-generation sequencing technology. After multistage selection and prioritisation, eight novel and four known rare variants that may influence an individual's risk of ns-CP were identified. Among detected alternations, seven were located in novel candidate genes for ns-CP, including COL17A1 (c.2435-1G>A), DLG1 (c.1586G>C, p.Glu562Asp), NHS (c.568G>C, p.Val190Leu-de novo variant), NOTCH2 (c.1997A>G, p.Tyr666Cys), TBX18 (c.647A>T, p.His225Leu), VAX1 (c.400G>A, p.Ala134Thr) and WNT5B (c.716G>T, p.Arg239Leu). The remaining risk variants were identified within genes previously linked to ns-CP, confirming their contribution to this anomaly. This list included ARHGAP29 (c.1706G>A, p.Arg569Gln), FLNB (c.3605A>G, Tyr1202Cys), IRF6 (224A>G, p.Asp75Gly-de novo variant), LRP6 (c.481C>A, p.Pro161Thr) and TP63 (c.353A>T, p.Asn118Ile). In summary, this study provides further insights into the genetic components contributing to ns-CP aetiology and identifies novel susceptibility genes for this craniofacial anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Dąbrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bogdanowicz
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Parisi L, Mockenhaupt C, Rihs S, Mansour F, Katsaros C, Degen M. Consistent downregulation of the cleft lip/palate-associated genes IRF6 and GRHL3 in carcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023072. [PMID: 36457487 PMCID: PMC9706198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) and Grainyhead Like Transcription Factor 3 (GRHL3) are transcription factors that orchestrate gene regulatory networks required for the balance between keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Absence of either protein results in the lack of a normal stratified epidermis with keratinocytes failing to stop proliferating and to terminally differentiate. Numerous pathological variants within IRF6 and GRHL3 have been identified in orofacial cleft-affected individuals and expression of the two transcription factors has been found to be often dysregulated in cancers. However, whether orofacial cleft-associated IRF6 and GRHL3 variants in patients might also affect their cancer risk later in life, is not clear yet. The fact that the role of IRF6 and GRHL3 in cancer remains controversial makes this question even more challenging. Some studies identified IRF6 and GRHL3 as oncogenes, while others could attribute tumor suppressive functions to them. Trying to solve this apparent conundrum, we herein aimed to characterize IRF6 and GRHL3 function in various types of carcinomas. We screened multiple cancer and normal cell lines for their expression, and subsequently proceeded with functional assays in cancer cell lines. Our data uncovered consistent downregulation of IRF6 and GRHL3 in all types of carcinomas analyzed. Reduced levels of IRF6 and GRHL3 were found to be associated with several tumorigenic properties, such as enhanced cell proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration and reduced differentiation capacity. Based on our findings, IRF6 and GRHL3 can be considered as tumor suppressor genes in various carcinomas, which makes them potential common etiological factors for cancer and CLP in a fraction of CLP-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang K, Xu PL, Li YJ, Dong S, Gao HF, Chen LY, Chen H, Chen Z. Comprehensive analysis of expression profile and prognostic significance of interferon regulatory factors in pancreatic cancer. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 35012444 PMCID: PMC8751298 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and an increasing cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play vital roles in immune response and tumor cellular biological processes. However, the specific functions of IRFs in PC and tumor immune response are far from systematically clarified. This study aimed to explorer the expression profile, prognostic significance, and biological function of IRFs in PC. RESULTS We observed that the levels of IRF2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were elevated in tumor compared to normal tissues in PC. IRF7 expression was significantly associated with patients' pathology stage in PC. PC patients with high IRF2, low IRF3, and high IRF6 levels had significantly poorer overall survival. High mRNA expression, amplification and, deep deletion were the three most common types of genetic alterations of IRFs in PC. Low expression of IRF2, 4, 5, and 8 was resistant to most of the drugs or small molecules from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Moreover, IRFs were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in PC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRFs were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, immune response, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that certain IRFs could serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for PC patients. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate our findings and generalize the clinical application of IRFs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pan-Ling Xu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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10
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Mouse models in palate development and orofacial cleft research: Understanding the crucial role and regulation of epithelial integrity in facial and palate morphogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:13-50. [PMID: 35461563 PMCID: PMC9060390 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip and cleft palate are common birth defects resulting from genetic and/or environmental perturbations of facial development in utero. Facial morphogenesis commences during early embryogenesis, with cranial neural crest cells interacting with the surface ectoderm to form initially partly separate facial primordia consisting of the medial and lateral nasal prominences, and paired maxillary and mandibular processes. As these facial primordia grow around the primitive oral cavity and merge toward the ventral midline, the surface ectoderm undergoes a critical differentiation step to form an outer layer of flattened and tightly connected periderm cells with a non-stick apical surface that prevents epithelial adhesion. Formation of the upper lip and palate requires spatiotemporally regulated inter-epithelial adhesions and subsequent dissolution of the intervening epithelial seam between the maxillary and medial/lateral nasal processes and between the palatal shelves. Proper regulation of epithelial integrity plays a paramount role during human facial development, as mutations in genes encoding epithelial adhesion molecules and their regulators have been associated with syndromic and non-syndromic orofacial clefts. In this chapter, we summarize mouse genetic studies that have been instrumental in unraveling the mechanisms regulating epithelial integrity and periderm differentiation during facial and palate development. Since proper epithelial integrity also plays crucial roles in wound healing and cancer, understanding the mechanisms regulating epithelial integrity during facial development have direct implications for improvement in clinical care of craniofacial patients.
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11
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Zhdanovskaya N, Firrincieli M, Lazzari S, Pace E, Scribani Rossi P, Felli MP, Talora C, Screpanti I, Palermo R. Targeting Notch to Maximize Chemotherapeutic Benefits: Rationale, Advanced Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205106. [PMID: 34680255 PMCID: PMC8533696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation in a context-dependent fashion both during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Consistent with its pleiotropic physiological role, unproper activation of the signaling promotes or counteracts tumor pathogenesis and therapy response in distinct tissues. In the last twenty years, a wide number of studies have highlighted the anti-cancer potential of Notch-modulating agents as single treatment and in combination with the existent therapies. However, most of these strategies have failed in the clinical exploration due to dose-limiting toxicity and low efficacy, encouraging the development of novel agents and the design of more appropriate combinations between Notch signaling inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs with improved safety and effectiveness for distinct types of cancer. Abstract Notch signaling guides cell fate decisions by affecting proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation depending on cell and tissue context. Given its multifaceted function during tissue development, both overactivation and loss of Notch signaling have been linked to tumorigenesis in ways that are either oncogenic or oncosuppressive, but always context-dependent. Notch signaling is critical for several mechanisms of chemoresistance including cancer stem cell maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stroma interaction, and malignant neovascularization that makes its targeting an appealing strategy against tumor growth and recurrence. During the last decades, numerous Notch-interfering agents have been developed, and the abundant preclinical evidence has been transformed in orphan drug approval for few rare diseases. However, the majority of Notch-dependent malignancies remain untargeted, even if the application of Notch inhibitors alone or in combination with common chemotherapeutic drugs is being evaluated in clinical trials. The modest clinical success of current Notch-targeting strategies is mostly due to their limited efficacy and severe on-target toxicity in Notch-controlled healthy tissues. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence on combinatorial treatment between different Notch signaling inhibitors and existent chemotherapeutic drugs, providing a comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms explaining the potential or lacking success of these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Zhdanovskaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Mariarosaria Firrincieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Eleonora Pace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
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12
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Ma X, Wang X, Dong Q, Pang H, Xu J, Shen J, Zhu J. Inhibition of KIF20A by transcription factor IRF6 affects the progression of renal clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:246. [PMID: 33941190 PMCID: PMC8091794 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, whose incidence is increasing year by year. IRF6 plays an important role in the occurrence of tumors, although there is yet no report on its expression in ccRCC. Methods The expression of IRF6 and KIF20A in ccRCC was predicted by GEPIA and HAP databases. In addition, GEPIA database predicted the relationship between IRF6 and KIF20A expressions and the pathological staging, overall survival, and disease-free survival of ccRCC. The possible binding sites of IRF6 and KIF20A promoters were predicted by JASPAR database and verified by luciferase and ChIP assays. The specific effects of IRF6 on ccRCC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were subsequently examined at both cellular level and animal level. Results The database predicted down-regulated IRF6 expression in renal carcinoma tissues and its correlation with poor prognosis. IRF6 overexpression inhibited cRCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, up-regulated KIF20A expression in renal carcinoma tissues and its association with prognosis were also predicted. Interference with KIF20A inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ccRCC cells. Finally, we confirmed that KIF20A is a functional target of IRF6 and can partially reverse the effects of IRF6 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells. Conclusion: Inhibition of KIF20A by transcription factor IRF6 affects cell proliferation, invasion and migration in renal clear cell carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01879-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongquan Pang
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junkang Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianbing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.1 Lijiang Road, high Tech Zone, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Ferreira A, Aster JC. Notch signaling in cancer: Complexity and challenges on the path to clinical translation. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:95-106. [PMID: 33862222 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors participate in a conserved pathway in which ligands expressed on neighboring cells trigger a series of proteolytic cleavages that allow the intracellular portion of the receptor to travel to the nucleus and form a short-lived transcription complex that turns on target gene expression. The directness and seeming simplicity of this signaling mechanism belies the complexity of the outcomes of Notch signaling in normal cells, which are highly context and dosage dependent. This complexity is reflected in the diverse roles of Notch in cancers of various types, in which Notch may be oncogenic or tumor suppressive and may have a wide spectrum of effects on tumor cells and stromal elements. This review provides an overview of the roles of Notch in cancer and discusses challenges to clinical translation of Notch targeting agents as well as approaches that may overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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14
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Yanai H, Negishi H, Taniguchi T. The IRF family of transcription factors: Inception, impact and implications in oncogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1376-1386. [PMID: 23243601 PMCID: PMC3518510 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) proteins family were originally identified as transcriptional regulators of the Type I interferon system. Thanks to consistent advances made in our understanding of the immunobiology of innate receptors, it is now clear that several IRFs are critical for the elicitation of innate pattern recognition receptors, and—as a consequence—for adaptive immunity. In addition, IRFs have attracted great attentions as they modulate cellular responses that are involved in tumorigenesis. The regulation of oncogenesis by IRFs has important implications for understanding the host susceptibility to several Types of cancers, their progression, as well as the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology; Institute of Industrial Science; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan ; Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Shi M, Ren S, Chen H, Li J, Huang C, Li Y, Han Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Chen X, Xiong Z. Alcohol drinking inhibits NOTCH-PAX9 signaling in esophageal squamous epithelial cells. J Pathol 2021; 253:384-395. [PMID: 33314197 DOI: 10.1002/path.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol drinking has been established as a major risk factor for esophageal diseases. Our previous study showed that ethanol exposure inhibited PAX9 expression in human esophageal squamous epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular pathways through which alcohol drinking suppresses PAX9 in esophageal squamous epithelial cells. We first demonstrated the inhibition of NOTCH by ethanol exposure in vitro. NOTCH regulated PAX9 expression in KYSE510 and KYSE410 cells in vitro and in vivo. RBPJ and NOTCH intracellular domain (NIC) D1 ChIP-PCR confirmed Pax9 as a direct downstream target of NOTCH signaling in mouse esophagus. NOTCH inhibition by alcohol drinking was further validated in mouse esophagus and human tissue samples. In conclusion, ethanol exposure inhibited NOTCH signaling and thus suppressed PAX9 expression in esophageal squamous epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data support a novel mechanism of alcohol-induced esophageal injury through the inhibition of NOTCH-PAX9 signaling. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Shi
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shuang Ren
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuning Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen X. NOTCH and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1287:59-68. [PMID: 33034026 PMCID: PMC7895477 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease that requires extensive research on its mechanisms, prevention, and therapy. Recent studies have shown that NOTCH mutations are commonly seen in human ESCC. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the NOTCH pathway in normal esophagus and in ESCC. In normal esophagus, NOTCH pathway regulates the development of esophageal squamous epithelium, in particular, squamous differentiation. Exposure to extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux, alcohol drinking, and inflammation, downregulates the NOTCH pathway and thus inhibits squamous differentiation of esophageal squamous epithelial cells. In ESCC, NOTCH plays a dual role as both a tumor suppressor pathway and an oncogenic pathway. In summary, further studies are warranted to develop NOTCH activators for the prevention of ESCC and NOTCH inhibitors for targeted therapy of a subset of ESCC with activated NOTCH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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Flora P, Ezhkova E. Regulatory mechanisms governing epidermal stem cell function during development and homeostasis. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev194100. [PMID: 33191273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell divisions and cell-fate decisions require stringent regulation for proper tissue development and homeostasis. The mammalian epidermis is a highly organized tissue structure that is sustained by epidermal stem cells (ESCs) that balance self-renewal and cell-fate decisions to establish a protective barrier, while replacing dying cells during homeostasis and in response to injury. Extensive work over past decades has provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control ESC specification, self-renewal and maintenance during different stages of the lifetime of an organism. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that have furthered our understanding of key regulatory features that allow ESCs to establish a functional barrier during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Pagliaro L, Sorrentino C, Roti G. Targeting Notch Trafficking and Processing in Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:E2212. [PMID: 33003595 PMCID: PMC7600097 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch family comprises a group of four ligand-dependent receptors that control evolutionarily conserved developmental and homeostatic processes and transmit signals to the microenvironment. NOTCH undergoes remodeling, maturation, and trafficking in a series of post-translational events, including glycosylation, ubiquitination, and endocytosis. The regulatory modifications occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi precede the intramembrane γ-secretase proteolysis and the transfer of active NOTCH to the nucleus. Hence, NOTCH proteins coexist in different subcellular compartments and undergo continuous relocation. Various factors, including ion concentration, enzymatic activity, and co-regulatory elements control Notch trafficking. Interfering with these regulatory mechanisms represents an innovative therapeutic way to bar oncogenic Notch signaling. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of Notch signaling in cancer and describe the protein modifications required for NOTCH to relocate across different subcellular compartments. We focus on the functional relationship between these modifications and the corresponding therapeutic options, and our findings could support the development of trafficking modulators as a potential alternative to the well-known γ-secretase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (C.S.)
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19
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Pan L, Lemieux ME, Thomas T, Rogers JM, Lipper CH, Lee W, Johnson C, Sholl LM, South AP, Marto JA, Adelmant GO, Blacklow SC, Aster JC. IER5, a DNA damage response gene, is required for Notch-mediated induction of squamous cell differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e58081. [PMID: 32936072 PMCID: PMC7529455 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates squamous cell proliferation and differentiation and is frequently disrupted in squamous cell carcinomas, in which Notch is tumor suppressive. Here, we show that conditional activation of Notch in squamous cells activates a context-specific gene expression program through lineage-specific regulatory elements. Among direct Notch target genes are multiple DNA damage response genes, including IER5, which we show is required for Notch-induced differentiation of squamous carcinoma cells and TERT-immortalized keratinocytes. IER5 is epistatic to PPP2R2A, a gene that encodes the PP2A B55α subunit, which we show interacts with IER5 in cells and in purified systems. Thus, Notch and DNA-damage response pathways converge in squamous cells on common genes that promote differentiation, which may serve to eliminate damaged cells from the proliferative pool. We further propose that crosstalk involving Notch and PP2A enables tuning and integration of Notch signaling with other pathways that regulate squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Tom Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julia M Rogers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Colin H Lipper
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Carl Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Departmentof Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana FarberCancer Institute, HarvardMedical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Guillaume O Adelmant
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Departmentof Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana FarberCancer Institute, HarvardMedical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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20
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iRhom2: An Emerging Adaptor Regulating Immunity and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186570. [PMID: 32911849 PMCID: PMC7554728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhomboid family are evolutionary conserved intramembrane proteases. Their inactive members, iRhom in Drosophila melanogaster and iRhom1 and iRhom2 in mammals, lack the catalytic center and are hence labelled “inactive” rhomboid family members. In mammals, both iRhoms are involved in maturation and trafficking of the ubiquitous transmembrane protease a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17, which through cleaving many biologically active molecules has a critical role in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Notch signaling. Accordingly, with iRhom2 having a profound influence on ADAM17 activation and substrate specificity it regulates these signaling pathways. Moreover, iRhom2 has a role in the innate immune response to both RNA and DNA viruses and in regulation of keratin subtype expression in wound healing and cancer. Here we review the role of iRhom2 in immunity and disease, both dependent and independent of its regulation of ADAM17.
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21
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Wang Y, Gorlova OY, Gorlov IP, Zhu M, Dai J, Albanes D, Lam S, Tardon A, Chen C, Goodman GE, Bojesen SE, Landi MT, Johansson M, Risch A, Wichmann HE, Bickeboller H, Christiani DC, Rennert G, Arnold SM, Brennan P, Field JK, Shete S, Le Marchand L, Melander O, Brunnstrom H, Liu G, Hung RJ, Andrew AS, Kiemeney LA, Zienolddiny S, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Caporaso NE, Woll PJ, Lazarus P, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Stevens VL, Ma H, Jin G, Hu Z, Amos CI, Shen H. Association Analysis of Driver Gene-Related Genetic Variants Identified Novel Lung Cancer Susceptibility Loci with 20,871 Lung Cancer Cases and 15,971 Controls. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1423-1429. [PMID: 32277007 PMCID: PMC8120681 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of cancer driver genes (CDG) are also cancer predisposition genes. However, the associations between genetic variants in lung CDGs and the susceptibility to lung cancer have rarely been investigated. METHODS We selected expression-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (eSNP) and nonsynonymous variants of lung CDGs, and tested their associations with lung cancer risk in two large-scale genome-wide association studies (20,871 cases and 15,971 controls of European descent). Conditional and joint association analysis was performed to identify independent risk variants. The associations of independent risk variants with somatic alterations in lung CDGs or recurrently altered pathways were investigated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. RESULTS We identified seven independent SNPs in five lung CDGs that were consistently associated with lung cancer risk in discovery (P < 0.001) and validation (P < 0.05) stages. Among these loci, rs78062588 in TPM3 (1q21.3) was a new lung cancer susceptibility locus (OR = 0.86, P = 1.65 × 10-6). Subgroup analysis by histologic types further identified nine lung CDGs. Analysis of somatic alterations found that in lung adenocarcinomas, rs78062588[C] allele (TPM3 in 1q21.3) was associated with elevated somatic copy number of TPM3 (OR = 1.16, P = 0.02). In lung adenocarcinomas, rs1611182 (HLA-A in 6p22.1) was associated with truncation mutations of the transcriptional misregulation in cancer pathway (OR = 0.66, P = 1.76 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants can regulate functions of lung CDGs and influence lung cancer susceptibility. IMPACT Our findings might help unravel biological mechanisms underlying lung cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Olga Y Gorlova
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivan P Gorlov
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Department of Public Health IUOPA, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Public Health Sciences Division, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Angela Risch
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences, Allergy-Cancer-BioNano Research Centre, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, DKFZ-German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heunz-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeboller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Rennert
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - John K Field
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, The University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Olle Melander
- Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosseman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Penella J Woll
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genetic Medicine), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology Section, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor Medical College, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Oral lichen planus: A chronic inflammatory model to study the regulation of the Toll-like receptor signaling in oral keratinocytes. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for GBPs in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6085. [PMID: 32269280 PMCID: PMC7142114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) belongs to the interferons (IFNs) induced guanylate-binding protein family (Guanosine triphosphatases, GTPases) consisting of seven homologous members, termed GBP1 to GBP7. We used multidimensional survey ways to explore GBPs expression, regulation, mutations, immune infiltration and functional networks in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient data based on various open databases. The study provides staggered evidence for the significance of GBPs in HNSCC and its potential role as a novel biomarker. Our results showed that over expressions of 7 GBPs members and multivariate analysis suggested that N-stage, high expressions of GBP1 and low expression of GBP6/7 were linked to shorter OS in HNSCC patients. In addition, B cells of immune infiltrates stimulant the prognosis and might have a medical prognostic significance linked to GBPs in HNSCC. We assume that GBPs play a synergistic role in the viral related HNSCC. Our results show that data mining efficiently reveals information about GBPs expression in HNSCC and more importance lays a foundation for further research on the role of GBPs in cancers.
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24
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Petushkova NA, Rusanov AL, Pyatnitskiy MA, Larina OV, Zgoda VG, Lisitsa AV, Luzgina NG. Proteomic characterization of HaCaT keratinocytes provides new insights into changes associated with SDS exposure. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Using human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line model, we screened for proteins that changed their content due to SDS exposure in non-toxic dose (25 μg/ml, as determined by the MTT assay and microscopic examination) during 48 h.
Methods
The altered level of proteins from HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to SDS was analyzed by LC-MS/MS approach and quantified using Progenesis LC software.
Results
The Pathview map of 131 upregulated proteins was built, and enhancement of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was found.
Conclusions
The results of our study admit the possibility of promotion of the cutaneous neoplasia and/or the peculiarity of the response of immortalized keratinocytes to the SDS treatment and provide new insights into possible role of SDS as integrator of diverse signaling that influence cell fate decisions.
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25
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Negri VA, Logtenberg MEW, Renz LM, Oules B, Walko G, Watt FM. Delta-like 1-mediated cis-inhibition of Jagged1/2 signalling inhibits differentiation of human epidermal cells in culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10825. [PMID: 31346203 PMCID: PMC6658703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis depends on a balance between self-renewal of stem cells and terminal differentiation of their progeny. Notch signalling is known to play a role in epidermal stem cell patterning and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate dynamic patterns of Notch ligand and receptor expression in cultured human epidermis. Notch2 and 3 act together to promote differentiation, while Notch1 decreases stem cell proliferation. The Notch ligand Jagged1 triggers differentiation when presented on an adhesive substrate or on polystyrene beads and over-rides the differentiation inhibitory effect of cell spreading. In contrast, Delta-like 1 (Dll1) overexpression abrogates the pro-differentiation effect of Jagged1 in a cell autonomous fashion. We conclude that Dll1 expression by stem cells not only stimulates differentiation of neighbouring cells in trans, but also inhibits differentiation cell autonomously. These results highlight the distinct roles of different Notch receptors and ligands in controlling epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Negri
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Meike E W Logtenberg
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK.,Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M Renz
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK.,Research Institute for Applied Bioanalytics and Drug Development, IMC University of Applied Sciences, A-3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Bénédicte Oules
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK. .,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT, London, UK.
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26
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Aquila G, Kostina A, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Shlyakhto E, Kostareva A, Marracino L, Ferrari R, Rizzo P, Malaschicheva A. The Notch pathway: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:695-710. [PMID: 31304807 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1641198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The Notch pathway is involved in determining cell fate during development and postnatally in continuously renewing tissues, such as the endothelium, the epithelium, and in the stem cells pool. The dysregulation of the Notch pathway is one of the causes of limited response, or resistance, to available cancer treatments and novel therapeutic strategies based on Notch inhibition are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies in oncology. A large body of evidence now shows that the dysregulation of the Notch pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Areas covered: This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involving Notch which underlie heart failure, aortic valve calcification, and aortic aneurysm. Expert opinion: Despite the existence of preventive, pharmacological and surgical interventions approaches, CVDs are the first causes of mortality worldwide. The Notch pathway is becoming increasingly recognized as being involved in heart failure, aortic aneurysm and aortic valve calcification, which are among the most common global causes of mortality due to CVDs. As already shown in cancer, the dissection of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involving Notch should pave the way for new strategies to prevent and cure these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Aleksandra Kostina
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | | | - Eugeniy Shlyakhto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Luisa Marracino
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research , Cotignola , Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research , Cotignola , Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Anna Malaschicheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
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27
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Li D, Cheng P, Wang J, Qiu X, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu Y, Qin S. IRF6 Is Directly Regulated by ZEB1 and ELF3, and Predicts a Favorable Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:220. [PMID: 31019894 PMCID: PMC6458252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) acts as a tumor suppressor and controls cell differentiation in ectodermal and craniofacial tissues by regulating expression of target genes. However, its function in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown to date. In this study, we found that the IRF6 expression was significantly downregulated in GC. And the decreased expression of IRF6 was clinically correlated with poor prognosis of GC. Moreover, loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that IRF6 was negatively regulated by ZEB1 but positively regulated by ELF3. Additionally, transcription factor ZEB1 and ELF3 could directly bind on IRF6 promoter, which suggested that transcription factor IRF6 is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1 and ELF3. Nevertheless, we found that IRF6 expression was negatively related to its promoter methylation in TCGA stomach cancer cohorts. The downregulation of IRF6 in GC might be due to the overexpression of ZEB1 and the DNA methylation of IRF6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Shiyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
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28
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Profumo V, Forte B, Percio S, Rotundo F, Doldi V, Ferrari E, Fenderico N, Dugo M, Romagnoli D, Benelli M, Valdagni R, Dolfini D, Zaffaroni N, Gandellini P. LEADeR role of miR-205 host gene as long noncoding RNA in prostate basal cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:307. [PMID: 30659180 PMCID: PMC6338800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Though miR-205 function has been largely characterized, the nature of its host gene, MIR205HG, is still completely unknown. Here, we show that only lowly expressed alternatively spliced MIR205HG transcripts act as de facto pri-miRNAs, through a process that involves Drosha to prevent unfavorable splicing and directly mediate miR-205 excision. Notably, MIR205HG-specific processed transcripts revealed to be functional per se as nuclear long noncoding RNA capable of regulating differentiation of human prostate basal cells through control of the interferon pathway. At molecular level, MIR205HG directly binds the promoters of its target genes, which have an Alu element in proximity of the Interferon-Regulatory Factor (IRF) binding site, and represses their transcription likely buffering IRF1 activity, with the ultimate effect of preventing luminal differentiation. As MIR205HG functions autonomously from (albeit complementing) miR-205 in preserving the basal identity of prostate epithelial cells, it warrants reannotation as LEADeR (Long Epithelial Alu-interacting Differentiation-related RNA). miR-205 is known to have context-dependent tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles. Here, the authors report the host gene of miR-205, MIR205HG as a nuclear lincRNA that maintains the basal identity of prostate cell and prevents luminal cell differentiation via the repression of interferon responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Profumo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Barbara Forte
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Percio
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Federica Rotundo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Nicola Fenderico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Dario Romagnoli
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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29
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Yuan L, Ma L, Xue H, Song S. Relationship between the upregulation of Notch1 signaling and the clinical characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in East Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30622441 PMCID: PMC6317185 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have aimed to clarify the relationship between Notch1 signaling and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the results have been inconsistent to date. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between Notch1 signaling and the clinical characteristics of PTC. Methods Literature databases, including PubMed (Medline), Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 2018. A total of five studies, including 421 patients with PTC from China and South Korea, were included in the meta-analysis. Results The results revealed that the upregulation of Notch1 signaling was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC (OR = 3.25, 95% CI 1.14–9.23, P = 0.03). Additionally, positive correlations were found between Notch1 signaling and tumor size (OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.66–11.38, P = 0.003), capsular invasion (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.90–6.41, P < 0.0001) and clinical stage of PTC (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.05–5.11, P = 0.04). Conclusions The Notch1 signaling pathway may play a catalytic role in the progression of PTC, and upregulation of Notch1 signaling may have significant predictive value for the clinical prognosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Yuan
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- 2Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haibo Xue
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Song
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
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30
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Kousa YA, Fuller E, Schutte BC. IRF6 and AP2A Interaction Regulates Epidermal Development. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2578-2588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Fernández-Espartero CH, Rizzo A, Fulford AD, Falo-Sanjuan J, Goutte-Gattat D, Ribeiro PS. Prp8 regulates oncogene-induced hyperplastic growth in Drosophila. Development 2018; 145:dev.162156. [PMID: 30333215 PMCID: PMC6262796 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although developmental signalling pathways control tumourigenic growth, the cellular mechanisms that abnormally proliferating cells rely on are still largely unknown. Drosophila melanogaster is a genetically tractable model that is used to study how specific genetic changes confer advantageous tumourigenic traits. Despite recent efforts, the role of deubiquitylating enzymes in cancer is particularly understudied. We performed a Drosophila in vivo RNAi screen to identify deubiquitylating enzymes that modulate RasV12-induced hyperplastic growth. We identified the spliceosome core component Prp8 as a crucial regulator of Ras-, EGFR-, Notch- or RET-driven hyperplasia. Loss of prp8 function alone decreased cell proliferation, increased cell death, and affected cell differentiation and polarity. In hyperplasia, Prp8 supported tissue overgrowth independently of caspase-dependent cell death. The depletion of prp8 efficiently blocked Ras-, EGFR- and Notch-driven tumours but, in contrast, enhanced tumours that were driven by oncogenic RET, suggesting a context-specific role in hyperplasia. These data show, for the first time, that Prp8 regulates hyperplasia, and extend recent observations on the potential role of the spliceosome in cancer. Our findings suggest that targeting Prp8 could be beneficial in specific tumour types. Summary: Prp8 has been identified as a modulator of oncogenic growth in multiple Drosophila cancer models, which suggests the spliceosome as a potential context-dependent target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia H Fernández-Espartero
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alberto Rizzo
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexander D Fulford
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julia Falo-Sanjuan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Damien Goutte-Gattat
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paulo S Ribeiro
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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32
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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33
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Goruppi S, Procopio MG, Jo S, Clocchiatti A, Neel V, Dotto GP. The ULK3 Kinase Is Critical for Convergent Control of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation by CSL and GLI. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2468-2479. [PMID: 28877478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between signaling pathways activating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) remains to be determined. Metabolic alterations linked to autophagy have also been implicated in CAF activation. CSL/RBPJ, a transcriptional repressor that mediates Notch signaling, suppresses the gene expression program(s), leading to stromal senescence and CAF activation. Deregulated GLI signaling can also contribute to CAF conversion. Here, we report that compromised CSL function depends on GLI activation for conversion of human dermal fibroblasts into CAFs, separately from cellular senescence. Decreased CSL upregulates the expression of the ULK3 kinase, which binds and activates GLI2. Increased ULK3 also induces autophagy, which is unlinked from GLI and CAF activation. ULK3 upregulation occurs in the CAFs of several tumor types, and ULK3 silencing suppresses the tumor-enhancing properties of these cells. Thus, ULK3 links two key signaling pathways involved in CAF conversion and is an attractive target for stroma-focused anti-cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Maria-Giuseppina Procopio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 155 Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Seunghee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Bldg., 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 155 Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
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Dual tumor suppressing and promoting function of Notch1 signaling in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48011-48026. [PMID: 27384993 PMCID: PMC5216996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the prostate arise as multifocal heterogeneous lesions as the likely result of genetic and epigenetic alterations and deranged cell-cell communication. Notch signaling is an important form of intercellular communication with a role in growth/differentiation control and tumorigenesis. Contrasting reports exist in the literature on the role of this pathway in prostate cancer (PCa) development. We show here that i) compared to normal prostate tissue, Notch1 expression is significantly reduced in a substantial fraction of human PCas while it is unaffected or even increased in others; ii) acute Notch activation both inhibits and induces process networks associated with prostatic neoplasms; iii) down-modulation of Notch1 expression and activity in immortalized normal prostate epithelial cells increases their proliferation potential, while increased Notch1 activity in PCa cells suppresses growth and tumorigenicity through a Smad3-dependent mechanism involving p21WAF1/CIP1; iv) prostate cancer cells resistant to Notch growth inhibitory effects retain Notch1-induced upregulation of pro-oncogenic genes, like EPAS1 and CXCL6, also overexpressed in human PCas with high Notch1 levels. Taken together, these results reconcile conflicting data on the role of Notch1 in prostate cancer.
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Jo SH, Kim DE, Clocchiatti A, Dotto GP. PDCD4 is a CSL associated protein with a transcription repressive function in cancer associated fibroblast activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58717-58727. [PMID: 27542230 PMCID: PMC5312270 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch/CSL pathway plays an important role in skin homeostasis and carcinogenesis. CSL, the key effector of canonical Notch signaling endowed with an intrinsic transcription repressive function, suppresses stromal fibroblast senescence and Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) activation through direct down-modulation of key effector genes. Interacting proteins that participate with CSL in this context are as yet to be identified. We report here that Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4), a nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling protein with multiple functions, associates with CSL and plays a similar role in suppressing dermal fibroblast senescence and CAF activation. Like CSL, PDCD4 is down-regulated in stromal fibroblasts of premalignant skin actinic keratosis (AKs) lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While devoid of intrinsic DNA binding capability, PDCD4 is present at CSL binding sites of CAF marker genes as well as canonical Notch/CSL targets and suppresses expression of these genes in a fibroblast-specific manner. Thus, we propose that PDCD4 is part of the CSL repressive complex involved in negative control of stromal fibroblasts conversion into CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH, Switzerland
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Xu L, Huang TJ, Hu H, Wang MY, Shi SM, Yang Q, Lin F, Qiang YY, Mei Y, Lang YH, Li CZ, Peng LX, Zheng LS, Huang JL, Li XJ, Zhang SJ, Qian CN, Huang BJ. The developmental transcription factor IRF6 attenuates ABCG2 gene expression and distinctively reverses stemness phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 431:230-243. [PMID: 29111349 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which originates from the nasopharynx, is highly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia, and more than 90% of all NPCs are non-keratinizing undifferentiated cells or poorly differentiated squamous cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of self-renewal and have differentiation potential. These properties form the basis of cancer initiation, development, and radiochemoresistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC CSC maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, genomic expression profiling using our previously established monoclonal cellular and animal models revealed that interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) was downregulated in highly metastatic NPC cells, cancer stem-like NPC cells and animal models. Functional assays revealed that elevated IRF6 expression suppressed cell proliferation, growth, CSCs properties and enhanced cell chemotherapeutic sensitivity. However, silencing IRF6 resulted in opposing effects. Moreover, we determined that as a tumor suppressor gene and transcription factor, IRF6 directly bound the upstream region of the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) DNA element and suppressed target ABCG2 expression in NPC cells. Consistently, an inverse correlation was observed between the mRNA levels of IRF6 and ABCG2 in clinical NPC samples. With these results, we provide the first evidence that IRF6 directly targets the ABCG2 gene and selectively kills CSCs in NPC and that IRF6 may be a valuable tool for developing new CSC-targeted treatment strategies for undifferentiated NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Jun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Mei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qiang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ling Huang
- Department of Pathology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Xin-Jian Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Shi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Iotzova-Weiss G, Freiberger SN, Johansen P, Kamarachev J, Guenova E, Dziunycz PJ, Roux GA, Neu J, Hofbauer GFL. TLR4 as a negative regulator of keratinocyte proliferation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185668. [PMID: 28982115 PMCID: PMC5628845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR4 is an innate immune receptor with expression in human skin, keratinocytes as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. In the present study we investigate the role of TLR4 as a negative regulator of keratinocyte proliferation. We present here that the expression of TLR4 increased with the differentiation of cultured keratinocytes in a passage-dependent manner or under calcium-rich conditions. Moreover, the down-regulation of TLR4 by specific knockdown increased the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. In addition, subcutaneously injected HaCaT keratinocytes with shTLR4 formed growing tumors in nude mice. In contrast, we observed lower proliferation and increased migration in vitro of the SCC13 cell line stably overexpressing TLR4 in comparison to SCC13 TLR4 negative cells. In vivo, SCC13 TLR4-overexpressing tumors showed delayed growth in comparison to TLR4 negative tumors. The overexpression of TLR4 in SCC13 tumor cells was followed by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK and increased expression of ATF3. In gene expression arrays, the overexpression of TLR4 in tumor cells correlated with gene expression of ATF-3, IL-6, CDH13, CXCL-1 and TFPI. In summary, TLR4 negatively regulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and its overexpression reduces tumor growth of SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Kamarachev
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume A. Roux
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Nobeyama Y, Nakagawa H. Silencing of interferon regulatory factor gene 6 in melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184444. [PMID: 28877249 PMCID: PMC5587289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylation of a CpG island (CGI; a dense cluster of CpGs) located in the 5' region of a gene suppresses transcription of that gene. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is associated with the expression of interferon, which is used as an effective adjuvant therapy for melanoma, and is regarded as a tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the methylation status of the IRF6 gene in melanoma. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine the methylation status of the CGI located in the 5' region of IRF6 (5' IRF6 CGI) in melanoma. METHODS Quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR (RT-MSP) and bisulfite sequencing were performed to examine IRF6 gene methylation status. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to examine IRF6 expression. RESULTS The methylation level of the 5' IRF6 CGI was completely inversely correlated with cell sensitivity to interferon-β in eight examined melanoma cell lines. These methylation levels were high in the melanoma cell lines with suppression of IRF6 expression and were low in the cell lines with IRF6 expression. The methylation levels of the 5' IRF6 CGI ranged widely from 0.0% to 65.4% in 21 clinical melanoma samples but showed a narrow range of low levels between 0.0% to 7.2% in 24 clinical melanocytic nevus samples. These methylation levels were not associated with clinical parameters except for melanoma subtypes. CONCLUSION IRF6 is aberrantly silenced by DNA methylation of the 5' IRF6 CGI in melanoma. The methylation status of IRF6 is potentially associated with the sensitivity of melanoma to interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nguyen NM, de Oliveira Andrade F, Jin L, Zhang X, Macon M, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Wehrenberg B, Yin C, Wang X, Xuan J, de Assis S, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Maternal intake of high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet during pregnancy causes transgenerational increase in mammary cancer risk in mice. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:77. [PMID: 28673325 PMCID: PMC5494892 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and paternal high-fat (HF) diet intake before and/or during pregnancy increases mammary cancer risk in several preclinical models. We studied if maternal consumption of a HF diet that began at a time when the fetal primordial germ cells travel to the genital ridge and start differentiating into germ cells would result in a transgenerational inheritance of increased mammary cancer risk. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6NTac mouse dams were fed either a control AIN93G or isocaloric HF diet composed of corn oil high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids between gestational days 10 and 20. Offspring in subsequent F1-F3 generations were fed only the control diet. RESULTS Mammary tumor incidence induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was significantly higher in F1 (p < 0.016) and F3 generation offspring of HF diet-fed dams (p < 0.040) than in the control offspring. Further, tumor latency was significantly shorter (p < 0.028) and burden higher (p < 0.027) in F1 generation HF offspring, and similar trends were seen in F3 generation HF offspring. RNA sequencing was done on normal mammary glands to identify signaling differences that may predispose to increased breast cancer risk by maternal HF intake. Analysis revealed 1587 and 4423 differentially expressed genes between HF and control offspring in F1 and F3 generations, respectively, of which 48 genes were similarly altered in both generations. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis validated 13 chosen up- and downregulated genes in F3 HF offspring, but only downregulated genes in F1 HF offspring. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified upregulation of Notch signaling as a key alteration in HF offspring. Further, knowledge-fused differential dependency network analysis identified ten node genes that in the HF offspring were uniquely connected to genes linked to increased cancer risk (ANKEF1, IGFBP6, SEMA5B), increased resistance to cancer treatments (SLC26A3), poor prognosis (ID4, JAM3, TBX2), and impaired anticancer immunity (EGR3, ZBP1). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that maternal HF diet intake during pregnancy induces a transgenerational increase in offspring mammary cancer risk in mice. The mechanisms of inheritance in the F3 generation may be different from the F1 generation because significantly more changes were seen in the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen M Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Fabia de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Madisa Macon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Carlos Benitez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bryan Wehrenberg
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jianhua Xuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Sonia de Assis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E407, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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40
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Smith AL, Kousa YA, Kinoshita A, Fodor K, Yang B, Schutte BC. Generation and characterization of a conditional allele of Interferon Regulatory Factor 6. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28481036 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is a critical regulator of differentiation, proliferation, and migration of keratinocytes. Mutations in IRF6 cause two autosomal dominant disorders characterized by cleft lip with or without cleft palate. In addition, DNA variation in IRF6 confers significant risk for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. IRF6 is also implicated in adult onset development and disease processes, including mammary gland development and squamous cell carcinoma. Mice homozygous for a null allele of Irf6 die shortly after birth due to severe skin, limb, and craniofacial defects, thus impeding the study of gene function after birth. To circumvent this, a conditional allele of Irf6 was generated. To validate the functionality of the conditional allele, we used three "deleter" Cre strains: Gdf9-Cre, CAG-Cre, and Ella-Cre. When Cre expression was driven by the Gdf9-Cre or CAG-Cre transgenes, 100% recombination was observed as indicated by DNA genotyping and phenotyping. In contrast, use of the Ella-Cre transgenic line resulted in incomplete recombination, despite expression at the one-cell stage. In sum, we generated a novel tool to delete Irf6 in a tissue specific fashion, allowing for study of gene function past perinatal stages. However, recombination efficiency of this allele was dictated by the Cre-driver used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Smith
- Genetics PhD Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Youssef A Kousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Akira Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kate Fodor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Baoli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa
| | - Brian C Schutte
- Genetics PhD Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Promotes Keratinocyte Differentiation in Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00858-16. [PMID: 28289145 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00858-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the expression of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) transcription factor in oral keratinocytes was stimulated by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Here, we have established that IRF6 promotes the differentiation of oral keratinocytes in response to P. gingivalis This was evidenced by the IRF6-dependent upregulation of specific markers of keratinocyte terminal differentiation (e.g., involucrin [IVL] and keratin 13 [KRT13]), together with additional transcriptional regulators of keratinocyte differentiation, including Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) and Ovo-like zinc finger 1 (OVOL1). We have previously established that the transactivator function of IRF6 is activated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4). Consistently, the silencing of RIPK4 inhibited the stimulation of IVL, KRT13, GRHL3, and OVOL1 gene expression. IRF6 was shown to also regulate the stimulation of transglutaminase-1 (TGM1) gene expression by P. gingivalis, as well as that of small proline-rich proteins (e.g., SPRR1), which are covalently cross-linked by TGM1 to other proteins, including IVL, during cornification. The expression of the tight junction protein occludin (OCLN) was found to also be upregulated in an IRF6-dependent manner. IRF6 was demonstrated to be important for the barrier function of oral keratinocytes; specifically, silencing of IRF6 increased P. gingivalis-induced intercellular permeability and cell invasion. Taken together, our findings potentially position IRF6 as an important mediator of barrier defense against P. gingivalis.
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Dziunycz PJ, Neu J, Lefort K, Djerbi N, Freiberger SN, Iotzova-Weiss G, French LE, Dotto GP, Hofbauer GF. CYFIP1 is directly controlled by NOTCH1 and down-regulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173000. [PMID: 28410392 PMCID: PMC5391925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) represents one of the most common cancers in the general population and is associated with a substantial risk of metastasis. Previous work uncovered the functional role of CYFIP1 in epithelial tumors as an invasion inhibitor. It was down-regulated in some cancers and correlated with the metastatic properties of these malignant cells. We investigated its role and expression mechanisms in SCC. We analyzed the expression of CYFIP1 in patient derived SCC, primary keratinocytes and SCC cell lines, and correlated it to the differentiation and NOTCH1 levels. We analyzed the effects of Notch1 manipulation on CYFIP1 expression and confirmed the biding of Notch1 to the CYFIP1 promoter. CYFIP1 expression was down-regulated in SCC and correlated inversely with histological differentiation of tumors. As keratinocyte differentiation depends on Notch1 signaling, we investigated the influence of Notch1 on CYFIP1 expression. CYFIP1 mRNA was highly increased in human Notch1-overexpressing keratinocytes. Further manipulation of the Notch1 pathway in keratinocytes impacted CYFIP1 levels and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the direct binding of Notch1 to the CYFIP1 promoter. CYFIP1 may be a link between loss of differentiation and invasive potential in malignant keratinocytes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Djerbi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Abstract
The Notch signalling cascade is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has a crucial role in regulating development and homeostasis in various tissues. The cellular processes and events that it controls are diverse, and continued investigation over recent decades has revealed how the role of Notch signalling is multifaceted and highly context dependent. Consistent with the far-reaching impact that Notch has on development and homeostasis, aberrant activity of the pathway is also linked to the initiation and progression of several malignancies, and Notch can in fact be either oncogenic or tumour suppressive depending on the tissue and cellular context. The Notch pathway therefore represents an important target for therapeutic agents designed to treat many types of cancer. In this Review, we focus on the latest developments relating specifically to the tumour-suppressor activity of Notch signalling and discuss the potential mechanisms by which Notch can inhibit carcinogenesis in various tissues. Potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring or augmenting Notch-mediated tumour suppression will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Nowell
- CMU, Department for Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
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44
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Dmello C, Sawant S, Alam H, Gangadaran P, Mogre S, Tiwari R, D’Souza Z, Narkar M, Thorat R, Patil K, Chaukar D, Kane S, Vaidya M. Vimentin regulates differentiation switch via modulation of keratin 14 levels and their expression together correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172559. [PMID: 28225793 PMCID: PMC5321444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein, predominantly expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, although its aberrant expression is seen in many carcinomas during epithelial mesenchymal transition. In cancer, vimentin expression is associated with the transition from a more differentiated epithelial phenotype to a dedifferentiated state. In view of the perceived role of keratins (Ks) as regulators of differentiation in epithelia, it was important to understand whether vimentin modulates differentiation through the reprogramming of keratins, in transformed cells. To address this, vimentin was stably downregulated in oral cancer derived cells. Further, global keratin profiling was performed after high salt keratin extraction. K5/K14 pair was found to be significantly downregulated, both at protein and mRNA levels upon vimentin downregulation. The previous study from our laboratory has shown a role of the K5/K14 pair in proliferation and differentiation of squamous epithelial cells. Vimentin depleted cells showed an increase in the differentiation state, marked by an increase in the levels of differentiation specific markers K1, involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin while its proliferation status remained unchanged. Rescue experiments with the K5/K14 pair overexpressed in vimentin knockdown background resulted in decreased differentiation state. ΔNp63 emerged as one of the indirect targets of vimentin, through which it modulates the expression levels of K5/K14. Further, immunohistochemistry showed a significant correlation between high vimentin-K14 expression and recurrence/poor survival in oral cancer patients. Thus, in conclusion, vimentin regulates the differentiation switch via modulation of K5/K14 expression. Moreover, vimentin-K14 together may prove to be the novel markers for the prognostication of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saie Mogre
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Zinia D’Souza
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Narkar
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Patil
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Kousa YA, Mansour TA, Seada H, Matoo S, Schutte BC. Shared molecular networks in orofacial and neural tube development. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:169-179. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A. Kousa
- Pediatric Residency Program; Children's National Health System; Washington DC
| | - Tamer A. Mansour
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction; University of California; Davis California
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine; Mansoura University; Egypt
| | - Haitham Seada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Computational Optimization and Innovation Laboratory; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
| | - Samaneh Matoo
- Department of Modern Science; Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Branch; Tehran Iran
| | - Brian C. Schutte
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and the Department of Pediatrics and Human Development; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan
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Notch signalling in placental development and gestational diseases. Placenta 2017; 56:65-72. [PMID: 28117145 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Notch signalling upon cell-cell contact of neighbouring cells controls a plethora of cellular processes such as stem cell maintenance, cell lineage determination, cell proliferation, and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pathway also critically regulates these events during placental development and differentiation. Herein, we summarize our present knowledge about Notch signalling in murine and human placentation and discuss its potential role in the pathophysiology of gestational disorders. Studies in mice suggest that Notch controls trophectoderm formation, decidualization, placental branching morphogenesis and endovascular trophoblast invasion. In humans, the particular signalling cascade promotes formation of the extravillous trophoblast lineage and regulates trophoblast proliferation, survival and differentiation. Expression patterns as well as functional analyses indicate distinct roles of Notch receptors in different trophoblast subtypes. Altered effects of Notch signalling have been detected in choriocarcinoma cells, consistent with its role in cancer development and progression. Moreover, deregulation of Notch signalling components were observed in pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. In summary, Notch plays fundamental roles in different developmental processes of the placenta. Abnormal signalling through this pathway could contribute to the pathogenesis of gestational diseases with aberrant placentation and trophoblast function.
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Knatko EV, Praslicka B, Higgins M, Evans A, Purdie KJ, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Ooi A, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Whole-Exome Sequencing Validates a Preclinical Mouse Model for the Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:67-75. [PMID: 27923803 PMCID: PMC5408961 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) are among the most common and highly mutated human malignancies. Solar UV radiation is the major factor in the etiology of cSCC. Whole-exome sequencing of 18 microdissected tumor samples (cases) derived from SKH-1 hairless mice that had been chronically exposed to solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation showed a median point mutation (SNP) rate of 155 per Mb. The majority (78.6%) of the SNPs are C.G>T.A transitions, a characteristic UVR-induced mutational signature. Direct comparison with human cSCC cases showed high overlap in terms of both frequency and type of SNP mutations. Mutations in Trp53 were detected in 15 of 18 (83%) cases, with 20 of 21 SNP mutations located in the protein DNA-binding domain. Strikingly, multiple nonsynonymous SNP mutations in genes encoding Notch family members (Notch1-4) were present in 10 of 18 (55%) cases. The histopathologic spectrum of the mouse cSCC that develops in this model resembles very closely the spectrum of human cSCC. We conclude that the mouse SSUV cSCCs accurately represent the histopathologic and mutational spectra of the most prevalent tumor suppressors of human cSCC, validating the use of this preclinical model for the prevention and treatment of human cSCC. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 67-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Knatko
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon Praslicka
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Evans
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karin J. Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M. Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Notch1 controls development of the extravillous trophoblast lineage in the human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7710-E7719. [PMID: 27849611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612335113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the human placenta and its different epithelial trophoblasts is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Besides fusing into a multinuclear syncytium, the exchange surface between mother and fetus, progenitors develop into extravillous trophoblasts invading the maternal uterus and its spiral arteries. Migration into these vessels promotes remodelling and, as a consequence, adaption of blood flow to the fetal-placental unit. Defects in remodelling and trophoblast differentiation are associated with severe gestational diseases, such as preeclampsia. However, mechanisms controlling human trophoblast development are largely unknown. Herein, we show that Notch1 is one such critical regulator, programming primary trophoblasts into progenitors of the invasive differentiation pathway. At the 12th wk of gestation, Notch1 is exclusively detected in precursors of the extravillous trophoblast lineage, forming cell columns anchored to the uterine stroma. At the 6th wk, Notch1 is additionally expressed in clusters of villous trophoblasts underlying the syncytium, suggesting that the receptor initiates the invasive differentiation program in distal regions of the developing placental epithelium. Manipulation of Notch1 in primary trophoblast models demonstrated that the receptor promotes proliferation and survival of extravillous trophoblast progenitors. Notch1 intracellular domain induced genes associated with stemness of cell columns, myc and VE-cadherin, in Notch1- fusogenic precursors, and bound to the myc promoter and enhancer region at RBPJκ cognate sequences. In contrast, Notch1 repressed syncytialization and expression of TEAD4 and p63, two regulators controlling self-renewal of villous cytotrophoblasts. Our results revealed Notch1 as a key factor promoting development of progenitors of the extravillous trophoblast lineage in the human placenta.
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The role of barrier genes in epidermal malignancy. Oncogene 2016; 35:5705-5712. [PMID: 27041586 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The outermost layer of the mammalian skin, the epidermis, forms a protective barrier against pathogenic microbes and tissue dehydration. This barrier is formed and maintained by complex genetic networks that connect cellular differentiation processes, enzymatic activities and cellular junctions. Disruption in these networks affects the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation resulting in barrier function impairment, epidermal hyperproliferation and in some cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recent studies in wound-induced inflammation-mediated cancers in mice have identified dysregulation of core barrier components as tumor drivers. We therefore propose a hypothesis in which loss of key barrier genes, induce barrier dysfunction, and promote inflammation-driven epidermal hyperplasia and carcinogenesis over time. This emerging vision suggests that under specific genetic circumstances, localized barrier impairment could be considered as a hallmark of initiating lesions in epidermal SCC.
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Fu H, Ma C, Guan W, Cheng W, Feng F, Wang H. Expression of Notch 1 receptor associated with tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1519-23. [PMID: 27042120 PMCID: PMC4801130 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess if the expression of Notch 1 receptor is associated with tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS By searching the electronic medical record system of Xin Hua Hospital, all cases of PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy in the hospital between 2013 and 2014 were retrieved. Then, the cases of patients who had a history of any other malignancy or whose thyroid tumor specimen was not available for assay were rejected. Finally, 68 cases of PTC patients were obtained. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of these patients were studied by immunohistochemistry to learn the expression of Notch 1 receptor. Meanwhile, the clinical data of these patients including sex, age, size of the tumor, presence of node metastasis or distant metastasis, and presence of capsule invasion and tumor multicentricity were collected. Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for measuring statistical differences in categorical variables. All the statistical tests were two-sided. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 19 male and 49 female PTC patients with a mean age of 44.8±13.6 years (range 18-78 years) were studied. Notch 1 receptor expression was found in 15/68 (22%) samples of PTC. The expression of Notch 1 receptor was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.021), distant metastasis (P=0.008), capsule invasion (P=0.001), tumor multicentricity (P=0.018), and age (P=0.033). However, the expression of Notch 1 receptor was not significantly correlated with node metastasis (P=0.096) and sex (P=0.901). CONCLUSION The expression of Notch 1 receptor is associated with tumor aggressiveness in PTC, and may be used as a molecular marker of tumor invasiveness in PTC. PTC patients who show positive expression of Notch 1 receptor may benefit from radioiodine remnant ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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