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Balderas E, Lee SHJ, Rai NK, Mollinedo DM, Duron HE, Chaudhuri D. Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38713090 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is regulated by mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) in health and disease. In physiological states, Ca2+ enters via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and rapidly enhances NADH and ATP production. However, maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis is critical: insufficient Ca2+ impairs stress adaptation, and Ca2+ overload can trigger cell death. In this review, we delve into recent insights further defining the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation. Our focus is on how such regulation affects cardiac function in health and disease, including heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion, arrhythmias, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, mitochondrial cardiomyopathies, Barth syndrome, and Friedreich's ataxia. Several themes emerge from recent data. First, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation is critical for fuel substrate selection, metabolite import, and matching of ATP supply to demand. Second, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates both the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the balance between its pro- and antioxidant effects is key to how it contributes to physiological and pathological states. Third, Ca2+ exerts localized effects on the electron transport chain (ETC), not through traditional allosteric mechanisms but rather indirectly. These effects hinge on specific transporters, such as the uniporter or the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and may not be noticeable acutely, contributing differently to phenotypes depending on whether Ca2+ transporters are acutely or chronically modified. Perturbations in these novel relationships during disease states may either serve as compensatory mechanisms or exacerbate impairments in oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of cardiac diseases characterized by contractile failure or arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sandra H J Lee
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Neeraj K Rai
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - David M Mollinedo
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Hannah E Duron
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Dipayan Chaudhuri
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Kadier T, Zhang YG, Jing YX, Weng ZY, Liao SS, Luo J, Ding K, Cao C, Chen R, Meng QT. MCU inhibition protects against intestinal ischemia‒reperfusion by inhibiting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:111-124. [PMID: 38763207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia‒reperfusion (IIR) injury is a common complication of surgery, but clear molecular insights and valuable therapeutic targets are lacking. Mitochondrial calcium overload is an early sign of various diseases and is considered a vital factor in ischemia‒reperfusion injury. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, is the primary mediator of calcium ion entry into the mitochondria. However, the specific mechanism of MCU in IIR injury remains to be clarified. In this study, we generated an IIR model using C57BL/6 mice and Caco-2 cells and found increases in the calcium levels and MCU expression following IIR injury. The specific inhibition of MCU markedly attenuated IIR injury. Moreover, MCU knockdown alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Mechanistically, MCU knockdown substantially reduced the translocation of Drp1 and thus its binding to Fis1 receptors, resulting in decreased mitochondrial fission. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that MCU is a novel upstream regulator of Drp1 in ischemia‒reperfusion and represents a predictive and therapeutic target for IIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulanisa Kadier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi-Guo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Yi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shi-Shi Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Vecellio Reane D, Serna JDC, Raffaello A. Unravelling the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: regulation, tissue specificity, and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102907. [PMID: 38788256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling acts a pleiotropic message within the cell that is decoded by the mitochondria through a sophisticated ion channel known as the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling is crucial for coordinating cell activation with energy production. Conversely, in pathological scenarios, it can determine the fine balance between cell survival and death. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling. This began with the elucidation of the MCU channel components and extended to the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its activity. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests molecular mechanisms allowing tissue-specific modulation of the MCU complex, tailoring channel activity to the specific needs of different tissues or cell types. This review aims to explore the latest evidence elucidating the regulation of the MCU complex, the molecular factors controlling the tissue-specific properties of the channel, and the physiological and pathological implications of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vecellio Reane
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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Colussi DM, Stathopulos PB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter: Balancing tumourigenic and anti-tumourigenic responses. J Physiol 2024; 602:3315-3339. [PMID: 38857425 DOI: 10.1113/jp285515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased malignancy and poor treatability associated with solid tumour cancers have commonly been attributed to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (mtCU) is the predominant mode of Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix. The main components of mtCU are the pore-forming mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) subunit, MCU dominant-negative beta (MCUb) subunit, essential MCU regulator (EMRE) and the gatekeeping mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 and 2 (MICU1 and MICU2) proteins. In this review, we describe mtCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ dysregulation in solid tumour cancer types, finding enhanced mtCU activity observed in colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. By contrast, decreased mtCU activity is associated with melanoma, whereas the nature of mtCU dysregulation remains unclear in glioblastoma. Furthermore, we show that numerous polymorphisms associated with cancer may alter phosphorylation sites on the pore forming MCU and MCUb subunits, which cluster at interfaces with EMRE. We highlight downstream/upstream biomolecular modulators of MCU and MCUb that alter mtCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and may be used as biomarkers or to aid in the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Additionally, we provide an overview of the current small molecule inhibitors of mtCU that interact with the Asp residue of the critical Asp-Ile-Met-Glu motif or through other allosteric regulatory mechanisms to block Ca2+ permeation. Finally, we describe the relationship between MCU- and MCUb-mediating microRNAs and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that should be considered in the discovery of new treatment approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Ghosh Dastidar R, Banerjee S, Lal PB, Ghosh Dastidar S. Multifaceted Roles of AFG3L2, a Mitochondrial ATPase in Relation to Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3788-3808. [PMID: 38012514 PMCID: PMC11236935 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AFG3L2 is a zinc metalloprotease and an ATPase localized in an inner mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial quality control of several nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Mutations in AFG3L2 lead to diseases like slow progressive ataxia, which is a neurological disorder. This review delineates the cellular functions of AFG3L2 and its dysfunction that leads to major clinical outcomes, which include spinocerebellar ataxia type 28, spastic ataxia type 5, and optic atrophy type 12. It summarizes all relevant AFG3L2 mutations associated with the clinical outcomes to understand the detailed mechanisms attributable to its structure-related multifaceted roles in proteostasis and quality control. We face early diagnostic challenges of ataxia and optic neuropathy due to asymptomatic parents and variable clinical manifestations due to heterozygosity/homozygosity of AFG3L2 mutations. This review intends to promote AFG3L2 as a putative prognostic or diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Madhava Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Saradindu Banerjee
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Madhava Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Piyush Behari Lal
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Madhava Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Madhava Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Roman B, Mastoor Y, Sun J, Villanueva HC, Hinojosa G, Springer D, Liu JC, Murphy E. MICU3 Regulates Mitochondrial Calcium and Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2024; 135:26-40. [PMID: 38747181 PMCID: PMC11189743 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) uptake by mitochondria occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter exists as a complex, regulated by 3 MICU (mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake) proteins localized in the intermembrane space: MICU1, MICU2, and MICU3. Although MICU3 is present in the heart, its role is largely unknown. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a mouse with global deletion of MICU3 and an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) to overexpress MICU3 in wild-type mice. We examined the role of MICU3 in regulating mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) in ex vivo hearts using an optical method following adrenergic stimulation in perfused hearts loaded with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorophore. Additionally, we studied how deletion and overexpression of MICU3, respectively, impact cardiac function in vivo by echocardiography and the molecular composition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex via Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and Blue native-PAGE analysis. Finally, we measured MICU3 expression in failing human hearts. RESULTS MICU3 knock out hearts and cardiomyocytes exhibited a significantly smaller increase in [Ca2+]m than wild-type hearts following acute isoproterenol infusion. In contrast, heart with overexpression of MICU3 exhibited an enhanced increase in [Ca2+]m compared with control hearts. Echocardiography analysis showed no significant difference in cardiac function in knock out MICU3 mice relative to wild-type mice at baseline. However, mice with overexpression of MICU3 exhibited significantly reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with control mice. We observed a significant increase in the ratio of heart weight to tibia length in hearts with overexpression of MICU3 compared with controls, consistent with hypertrophy. We also found a significant decrease in MICU3 protein and expression in failing human hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased and decreased expression of MICU3 enhances and reduces, respectively, the uptake of [Ca2+]m in the heart. We conclude that MICU3 plays an important role in regulating [Ca2+]m physiologically, and overexpression of MICU3 is sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy, making MICU3 a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roman
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yusuf Mastoor
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junhui Sun
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hector Chapoy Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Julia C. Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Bertero E, Popoiu TA, Maack C. Mitochondrial calcium in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01060-2. [PMID: 38890208 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signals play a central role in cardiac homeostasis and disease. In the healthy heart, mitochondrial Ca2+ levels modulate the rate of oxidative metabolism to match the rate of adenosine triphosphate consumption in the cytosol. During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, pathologically high levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which releases solutes and small proteins from the matrix, causing mitochondrial swelling and ultimately leading to cell death. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to tune mitochondrial Ca2+ handling by regulating the activity of the main Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways, i.e., the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and sodium/Ca2+ exchanger, represent promising therapeutic strategies to protect the heart from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Xu P, Swain S, Novorolsky RJ, Garcia E, Huang Z, Snutch TP, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS, Renden RB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off-target effects. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38779706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure-like behaviours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated. KEY RESULTS Ru265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high-amplitude events, recapitulating seizure-like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265-induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Noble M, Colussi DM, Junop M, Stathopulos PB. The MCU and MCUb amino-terminal domains tightly interact: mechanisms for low conductance assembly of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. iScience 2024; 27:109699. [PMID: 38706857 PMCID: PMC11068563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) complex is regulated via integration of the MCU dominant negative beta subunit (MCUb), a low conductance paralog of the main MCU pore forming protein. The MCU amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) also modulates channel function through cation binding to the MCU regulating acidic patch (MRAP). MCU and MCUb have high sequence similarities, yet the structural and functional roles of MCUb-NTD remain unknown. Here, we report that MCUb-NTD exhibits α-helix/β-sheet structure with a high thermal stability, dependent on protein concentration. Remarkably, MCU- and MCUb-NTDs heteromerically interact with ∼nM affinity, increasing secondary structure and stability and structurally perturbing MRAP. Further, we demonstrate MCU and MCUb co-localization is suppressed upon NTD deletion concomitant with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Collectively, our data show that MCU:MCUb NTD tight interactions are promoted by enhanced regular structure and stability, augmenting MCU:MCUb co-localization, lowering mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and implicating an MRAP-sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Danielle M. Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Murray Junop
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
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Huo J, Molkentin JD. MCU genetically altered mice suggest how mitochondrial Ca 2+ regulates metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00088-2. [PMID: 38688781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a major impact on total body metabolism and obesity, and is characterized by dynamic regulation of substrate utilization. While it is accepted that acute increases in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ increase carbohydrate usage to augment ATP production, recent studies in mice with deleted genes for components of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex have suggested a more complicated regulatory scenario. Indeed, mice with a deleted Mcu gene in muscle, which lack acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, have greater fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and less adiposity. By contrast, mice deleted for the inhibitory Mcub gene in skeletal muscle, which have greater acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, antithetically display reduced FAO and progressive obesity. In this review we discuss the emerging concept that dynamic fluxing of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ regulates metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Sasaki H, Nakagawa I, Furuta T, Yokoyama S, Morisaki Y, Saito Y, Nakase H. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) is Involved in an Ischemic Postconditioning Effect Against Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Injury in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:32. [PMID: 38568450 PMCID: PMC10991049 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is known to be neuroprotective against ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. One of the key processes in PostC is the opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mito-KATP) channel and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, triggering the release of calcium ions from mitochondria through low-conductance opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is known as a highly sensitive transporter for the uptake of Ca2+ present on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The MCU has attracted attention as a new target for treatment in diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic stroke. We considered that the MCU may be involved in PostC and trigger its mechanisms. This research used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from C57BL mice and measured changes in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), intracellular Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents under inhibition of MCU by ruthenium red 265 (Ru265) in PostC. Inhibition of MCU increased the occurrence of sEPSCs (p = 0.014), NMDAR currents (p < 0.001), intracellular Ca2+ concentration (p < 0.001), and dead cells (p < 0.001) significantly after reperfusion, reflecting removal of the neuroprotective effects in PostC. Moreover, mitochondrial depolarization in PostC with Ru265 was weakened, compared to PostC (p = 0.004). These results suggest that MCU affects mitochondrial depolarization in PostC to suppress NMDAR over-activation and prevent elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yudai Morisaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Zhang LY, Hu YY, Liu XY, Wang XY, Li SC, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Role of Astrocytic Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2270-2282. [PMID: 37870679 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity rate of ischemic stroke is increasing annually with the growing aging population in China. Astrocytes are ubiquitous glial cells in the brain and play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism. Increasing evidence shows that the impairment or loss of astrocytes contributes to neuronal dysfunction during cerebral ischemic injury. The mitochondrion is increasingly recognized as a key player in regulating astrocyte function. Changes in astrocytic mitochondrial function appear to be closely linked to the homeostasis imbalance defects in glutamate metabolism, Ca2+ regulation, fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and copper regulation. Here, we discuss the role of astrocytic mitochondria in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic injury and their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Bround MJ, Abay E, Huo J, Havens JR, York AJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. MCU-independent Ca 2+ uptake mediates mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload and necrotic cell death in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6751. [PMID: 38514795 PMCID: PMC10957967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload can mediate mitochondria-dependent cell death, a major contributor to several human diseases. Indeed, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is driven by dysfunctional Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma that causes mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, organelle rupture, and muscle necrosis. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex is the primary characterized mechanism for acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. One strategy for preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is deletion of the Mcu gene, the pore forming subunit of the MCU-complex. Conversely, enhanced MCU-complex Ca2+ uptake is achieved by deleting the inhibitory Mcub gene. Here we show that myofiber-specific Mcu deletion was not protective in a mouse model of Duchenne MD. Specifically, Mcu gene deletion did not reduce muscle histopathology, did not improve muscle function, and did not prevent mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Moreover, myofiber specific Mcub gene deletion did not augment Duchenne MD muscle pathology. Interestingly, we observed MCU-independent Ca2+ uptake in dystrophic mitochondria that was sufficient to drive mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) activation and skeletal muscle necrosis, and this same type of activity was observed in heart, liver, and brain mitochondria. These results demonstrate that mitochondria possess an uncharacterized MCU-independent Ca2+ uptake mechanism that is sufficient to drive MPTP-dependent necrosis in MD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Eaman Abay
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Julian R Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Allen J York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 7020, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
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14
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Paredes F, Navarro-Marquez M, Quiroga C, Jiménez-Gallegos D, Yeligar SM, Parra V, Müller M, Chiong M, Quest AFG, San Martin A, Lavandero S. HERPUD1 governs tumor cell mitochondrial function via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated calcium signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:24-34. [PMID: 38043868 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial function is crucial for cellular metabolic adaptation in tumor cells. Ca2+-initiated signaling maintains mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ATP synthesis, influencing critical cellular processes in cancer development. Previous studies by our group have shown that the homocysteine-inducible ER Protein with Ubiquitin-Like Domain 1 (HERPUD1) regulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3) levels and intracellular Ca2+ signals in tumor cells. This study explores the role of HERPUD1 in regulating mitochondrial function and tumor cell migration by controlling ITPR3-dependent Ca2+ signals. We found HERPUD1 levels correlated with mitochondrial function in tumor cells, with HERPUD1 deficiency leading to enhanced mitochondrial activity. HERPUD1 knockdown increased intracellular Ca2+ release and mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, which was prevented using the ITPR3 antagonist xestospongin C or the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Furthermore, HERPUD1 expression reduced tumor cell migration by controlling ITPR3-mediated Ca2+ signals. HERPUD1-deficient cells exhibited increased migratory capacity, which was attenuated by treatment with xestospongin C or BAPTA-AM. Additionally, HERPUD1 deficiency led to reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of paxillin and FAK proteins, which are associated with enhanced cell migration. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of HERPUD1 in regulating mitochondrial function and cell migration by controlling intracellular Ca2+ signals mediated by ITPR3. Understanding the interplay between HERPUD1 and mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and other pathologies involving altered energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Paredes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mario Navarro-Marquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Division de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danica Jiménez-Gallegos
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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15
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Luo S, Wang D, Zhang Z. Post-translational modification and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1329554. [PMID: 38273938 PMCID: PMC10808367 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1329554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with currently no cure. Most PD cases are sporadic, and about 5-10% of PD cases present a monogenic inheritance pattern. Mutations in more than 20 genes are associated with genetic forms of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a prominent player in PD pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow rapid switching of protein functions and therefore impact various cellular functions including those related to mitochondria. Among the PD-associated genes, Parkin, PINK1, and LRRK2 encode enzymes that directly involved in catalyzing PTM modifications of target proteins, while others like α-synuclein, FBXO7, HTRA2, VPS35, CHCHD2, and DJ-1, undergo substantial PTM modification, subsequently altering mitochondrial functions. Here, we summarize recent findings on major PTMs associated with PD-related proteins, as enzymes or substrates, that are shown to regulate important mitochondrial functions and discuss their involvement in PD pathogenesis. We will further highlight the significance of PTM-regulated mitochondrial functions in understanding PD etiology. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential for developing important biomarkers for PD through extensive research into PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Luo
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danling Wang
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province and Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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D’Angelo D, Vecellio Reane D, Raffaello A. Neither too much nor too little: mitochondrial calcium concentration as a balance between physiological and pathological conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1336416. [PMID: 38148906 PMCID: PMC10749936 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1336416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ions serve as pleiotropic second messengers in the cell, regulating several cellular processes. Mitochondria play a fundamental role in Ca2+ homeostasis since mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitCa2+) is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism and cell death. MitCa2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUc) localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). MitCa2+ uptake stimulates the activity of three key enzymes of the Krebs cycle, thereby modulating ATP production and promoting oxidative metabolism. As Paracelsus stated, "Dosis sola facit venenum,"in pathological conditions, mitCa2+ overload triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), enabling the release of apoptotic factors and ultimately leading to cell death. Excessive mitCa2+ accumulation is also associated with a pathological increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this article, we review the precise regulation and the effectors of mitCa2+ in physiopathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Vecellio Reane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Myology Center (CIR-Myo), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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17
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Bulthuis EP, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, de Potter B, Hoogstraten S, Wezendonk LHT, Tutakhel OAZ, Wintjes LT, van den Heuvel B, Willems PHGM, Kamsteeg EJ, Gozalbo MER, Sallevelt SCEH, Koudijs SM, Nicolai J, de Bie CI, Hoogendijk JE, Koopman WJH, Rodenburg RJ. SMDT1 variants impair EMRE-mediated mitochondrial calcium uptake in patients with muscle involvement. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166808. [PMID: 37454773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic calcium (Ca2+) is a key messenger in signal transduction and its mitochondrial uptake plays an important role in cell physiology. This uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), which is regulated by EMRE (essential MCU regulator) encoded by the SMDT1 (single-pass membrane protein with aspartate rich tail 1) gene. This work presents the genetic, clinical and cellular characterization of two patients harbouring SMDT1 variants and presenting with muscle problems. Analysis of patient fibroblasts and complementation experiments demonstrated that these variants lead to absence of EMRE protein, induce MCU subcomplex formation and impair mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. However, the activity of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, as well as routine/ATP-linked respiration were not affected. We hypothesize that the muscle-related symptoms in the SMDT1 patients result from aberrant mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan de Potter
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Hoogstraten
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne H T Wezendonk
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Omar A Z Tutakhel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Estela Rubio Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Nicolai
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I de Bie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Hoogendijk
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Huo J, Prasad V, Grimes KM, Vanhoutte D, Blair NS, Lin SC, Bround MJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. MCUb is an inducible regulator of calcium-dependent mitochondrial metabolism and substrate utilization in muscle. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113465. [PMID: 37976157 PMCID: PMC10842842 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria use the electron transport chain to generate high-energy phosphate from oxidative phosphorylation, a process also regulated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and Ca2+ levels. Here, we show that MCUb, an inhibitor of MCU-mediated Ca2+ influx, is induced by caloric restriction, where it increases mitochondrial fatty acid utilization. To mimic the fasted state with reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, we generated genetically altered mice with skeletal muscle-specific MCUb expression that showed greater fatty acid usage, less fat accumulation, and lower body weight. In contrast, mice lacking Mcub in skeletal muscle showed increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, increased muscle malonyl coenzyme A (CoA), reduced fatty acid utilization, glucose intolerance, and increased adiposity. Mechanistically, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) overexpression in muscle of Mcub-deleted mice abolished altered substrate preference. Thus, MCUb is an inducible control point in regulating skeletal muscle mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and substrate utilization that impacts total metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - N Scott Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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19
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Pain P, Spinelli F, Gherardi G. Mitochondrial Cation Signalling in the Control of Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16724. [PMID: 38069047 PMCID: PMC10706693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the bioenergetic organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and have also been found to be associated with inflammation. They are necessary to induce and maintain innate and adaptive immune cell responses, acting as signalling platforms and mediators in effector responses. These organelles are also known to play a pivotal role in cation homeostasis as well, which regulates the inflammatory responses through the modulation of these cation channels. In particular, this review focuses on mitochondrial Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in the regulation of inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this review aims to understand the interplay of these inflammation inducers and pathophysiological conditions. In detail, we discuss some examples of chronic inflammation such as lung, bowel, and metabolic inflammatory diseases caused by a persistent activation of the innate immune response due to a dysregulation of mitochondrial cation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.P.); (F.S.)
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20
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Zhao BH, Ruze A, Zhao L, Li QL, Tang J, Xiefukaiti N, Gai MT, Deng AX, Shan XF, Gao XM. The role and mechanisms of microvascular damage in the ischemic myocardium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:341. [PMID: 37898977 PMCID: PMC11073328 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial ischemic injury, the most effective clinical intervention is timely restoration of blood perfusion to ischemic but viable myocardium to reduce irreversible myocardial necrosis, limit infarct size, and prevent cardiac insufficiency. However, reperfusion itself may exacerbate cell death and myocardial injury, a process commonly referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which primarily involves cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and is characterized by myocardial stunning, microvascular damage (MVD), reperfusion arrhythmia, and lethal reperfusion injury. MVD caused by I/R has been a neglected problem compared to myocardial injury. Clinically, the incidence of microvascular angina and/or no-reflow due to ineffective coronary perfusion accounts for 5-50% in patients after acute revascularization. MVD limiting drug diffusion into injured myocardium, is strongly associated with the development of heart failure. CMECs account for > 60% of the cardiac cellular components, and their role in myocardial I/R injury cannot be ignored. There are many studies on microvascular obstruction, but few studies on microvascular leakage, which may be mainly due to the lack of corresponding detection methods. In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations, related mechanisms of MVD during myocardial I/R, laboratory and clinical examination means, as well as the research progress on potential therapies for MVD in recent years. Better understanding the characteristics and risk factors of MVD in patients after hemodynamic reconstruction is of great significance for managing MVD, preventing heart failure and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Amanguli Ruze
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Nilupaer Xiefukaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Min-Tao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - An-Xia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China.
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21
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Jadiya P, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Thomas M, Cohen HM, Khaledi S, Garbincius JF, Hildebrand AN, Elrod JW. Genetic ablation of neuronal mitochondrial calcium uptake halts Alzheimer's disease progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561889. [PMID: 37904949 PMCID: PMC10614731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid beta, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal cell death. These phenotypes correlate with and are linked to elevated neuronal intracellular calcium ( i Ca 2+ ) levels. Recently, our group reported that mitochondrial calcium ( m Ca 2+ ) overload, due to loss of m Ca 2+ efflux capacity, contributes to AD development and progression. We also noted proteomic remodeling of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) in sporadic AD brain samples, suggestive of altered m Ca 2+ uptake in AD. Since the mtCU is the primary mechanism for Ca 2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibition of the mtCU has the potential to reduce or prevent m Ca 2+ overload in AD. Here, we report that neuronal-specific loss of mtCU-dependent m Ca 2+ uptake in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD reduced Aβ and tau-pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Knockdown of Mcu in a cellular model of AD significantly decreased matrix Ca 2+ content, oxidative stress, and cell death. These results suggest that inhibition of neuronal m Ca 2+ uptake is a novel therapeutic target to impede AD progression.
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22
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Bahlouli L, Miotto MC, Weninger G, Marks AR. Mitochondrial Calcium Overload Plays a Causal Role in Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1409. [PMID: 37759809 PMCID: PMC10527470 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious global health challenge, affecting more than 6.2 million people in the United States and is projected to reach over 8 million by 2030. Independent of etiology, failing hearts share common features, including defective calcium (Ca2+) handling, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and oxidative stress. In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ not only regulates excitation-contraction coupling, but also mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress signaling, thereby controlling the function and actual destiny of the cell. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of increased mitochondrial Ca2+ influx is an ongoing challenge in order to identify novel therapeutic targets to alleviate the burden of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in heart failure and the potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Laith Bahlouli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Marco C. Miotto
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Gunnar Weninger
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; (L.B.); (M.C.M.); (G.W.); (A.R.M.)
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23
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Bround MJ, Havens JR, York AJ, Sargent MA, Karch J, Molkentin JD. ANT-dependent MPTP underlies necrotic myofiber death in muscular dystrophy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2767. [PMID: 37624892 PMCID: PMC10456852 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and several degenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophy (MD). MD is a family of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle necrosis and premature death. It has been proposed that the MPTP has two molecular components, the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins and an unknown component that requires the chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) to activate. This model was examined in vivo by deleting the gene encoding ANT1 (Slc25a4) or CypD (Ppif) in a δ-sarcoglycan (Sgcd) gene-deleted mouse model of MD, revealing that dystrophic mice lacking Slc25a4 were partially protected from cell death and MD pathology. Dystrophic mice lacking both Slc25a4 and Ppif together were almost completely protected from necrotic cell death and MD disease. This study provides direct evidence that ANT1 and CypD are required MPTP components governing in vivo cell death, suggesting a previously unrecognized therapeutic approach in MD and other necrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julian R. Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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24
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D’Angelo D, Rizzuto R. The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU): Molecular Identity and Role in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1304. [PMID: 37759703 PMCID: PMC10526485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions act as a second messenger, regulating several cell functions. Mitochondria are critical organelles for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. Mitochondrial calcium (mtCa2+) uptake is ensured by the presence in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, a macromolecular structure composed of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. MtCa2+ uptake plays a crucial role in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and cell death. A lot of evidence demonstrates that the dysregulation of mtCa2+ homeostasis can have serious pathological outcomes. In this review, we briefly discuss the molecular structure and the function of the MCU complex and then we focus our attention on human diseases in which a dysfunction in mtCa2+ has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- National Center on Gene Therapy and RNA-Based Drugs, 35131 Padua, Italy
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25
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Kumari A, Nguyen DM, Garg V. Patch-clamp technique to study mitochondrial membrane biophysics. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313347. [PMID: 37347216 PMCID: PMC10287547 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles crucial for oxidative phosphorylation, enabling efficient ATP synthesis by eukaryotic cells. Both of the membranes, the highly selective inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and a relatively porous outer membrane (OMM), harbor a number of integral membrane proteins that help in the transport of biological molecules. These transporters are especially enriched in the IMM, where they help maintain transmembrane gradients for H+, K+, Ca2+, PO43-, and metabolites like ADP/ATP, citrate, etc. Impaired activity of these transporters can affect the efficiency of energy-transducing processes and can alter cellular redox state, leading to activation of cell-death pathways or metabolic syndromes in vivo. Although several methodologies are available to study ion flux through membrane proteins, the patch-clamp technique remains the gold standard for quantitatively analyzing electrogenic ion exchange across membranes. Direct patch-clamp recordings of mitoplasts (mitochondria devoid of outer membrane) in different modes, such as whole-mitoplast or excised-patch mode, allow researchers the opportunity to study the biophysics of mitochondrial transporters in the native membrane, in real time, in isolation from other fluxes or confounding factors due to changes in ion gradients, pH, or mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ). Here, we summarize the use of patch clamp to investigate several membrane proteins of mitochondria. We demonstrate how this technique can be reliably applied to record whole-mitoplast Ca2+ currents mediated via mitochondrial calcium uniporter or H+ currents mediated by uncoupling protein 1 and discuss critical considerations while recording currents from these small vesicles of the IMM (mitoplast diameter = 2-5 µm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Kumari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dung M. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Garg
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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27
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Polina I, Mishra J, Cypress MW, Landherr M, Valkov N, Chaput I, Nieto B, Mende U, Zhang P, Jhun BS, O-Uchi J. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) variants form plasma-membrane channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551242. [PMID: 37577584 PMCID: PMC10418069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
MCU is widely recognized as a responsible gene for encoding a pore-forming subunit of highly mitochondrial-specific and Ca 2+ -selective channel, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex (mtCUC). Here, we report a novel short variant derived from the MCU gene (termed MCU-S) which lacks mitochondria-targeted sequence and forms a Ca 2+ - permeable channel outside of mitochondria. MCU-S was ubiquitously expressed in all cell-types/tissues, with particularly high expression in human platelets. MCU-S formed Ca 2+ channels at the plasma membrane, which exhibited similar channel properties to those observed in mtCUC. MCU-S channels at the plasma membrane served as an additional Ca 2+ influx pathway for platelet activation. Our finding is completely distinct from the originally reported MCU gene function and provides novel insights into the molecular basis of MCU variant-dependent cellular Ca 2+ handling.
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28
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Li C, Sun J, Zhang X, Zhou M, Gan X. Implications of MCU complex in metabolic diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23046. [PMID: 37389546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are considered the primary culprit for physical and mental health of individuals. Although the diagnosis of these diseases is relatively easy, more effective and convenient potent drugs are still being explored. Ca2+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane is a vital intracellular messenger that regulates energy metabolism and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in cell death. Mitochondria rely on a selective mitochondrial Ca2+ unidirectional transport complex (MCU complex) in their inner membrane for Ca2+ uptake. We found that the channel contains several subunits and undergoes dramatic transformations in various pathological processes, especially in metabolic diseases. In this way, we believe that the MCU complex becomes a target with significant potential for these diseases. However, there is no review linking the two factors, thus hindering the possibility of new drug production. Here, we highlight the connection between MCU complex-related Ca2+ transport and the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, adding understanding and insight at the molecular level to provide new insights for targeting MCU to reverse metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Chapoy Villanueva H, Sung JH, Stevens JA, Zhang MJ, Nelson PM, Denduluri LS, Feng F, O'Connell TD, Townsend D, Liu JC. Distinct effects of cardiac mitochondrial calcium uniporter inactivation via EMRE deletion in the short and long term. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 181:33-45. [PMID: 37230379 PMCID: PMC10524693 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transport of Ca2+ into mitochondria is thought to stimulate the production of ATP, a critical process in the heart's fight or flight response, but excess Ca2+ can trigger cell death. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex is the primary route of Ca2+ transport into mitochondria, in which the channel-forming protein MCU and the regulatory protein EMRE are essential for activity. In previous studies, chronic Mcu or Emre deletion differed from acute cardiac Mcu deletion in response to adrenergic stimulation and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, despite equivalent inactivation of rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. To explore this discrepancy between chronic and acute loss of uniporter activity, we compared short-term and long-term Emre deletion using a novel conditional cardiac-specific, tamoxifen-inducible mouse model. After short-term Emre deletion (3 weeks post-tamoxifen) in adult mice, cardiac mitochondria were unable to take up Ca2+, had lower basal mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and displayed attenuated Ca2+-induced ATP production and mPTP opening. Moreover, short-term EMRE loss blunted cardiac response to adrenergic stimulation and improved maintenance of cardiac function in an ex vivo I/R model. We then tested whether the long-term absence of EMRE (3 months post-tamoxifen) in adulthood would lead to distinct outcomes. After long-term Emre deletion, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and function, as well as cardiac response to adrenergic stimulation, were similarly impaired as in short-term deletion. Interestingly, however, protection from I/R injury was lost in the long-term. These data suggest that several months without uniporter function are insufficient to restore bioenergetic response but are sufficient to restore susceptibility to I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Chapoy Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jae Hwi Sung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jackie A Stevens
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael J Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peyton M Nelson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lalitha S Denduluri
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - DeWayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia C Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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30
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Liu Z, Liang W, Zhu Q, Cheng X, Qian R, Gao Y. PSRC1 Regulated by DNA Methylation Is a Novel Target for LGG Immunotherapy. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:516-528. [PMID: 37326762 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Proline and serine-rich coiled-coil 1 (PSRC1) has been reported to function as an oncogene in several cancers by regulating mitosis, while there are few reports on the role of PSRC1 in lower-grade glioma (LGG). Thus, this study collected 22 samples and 1126 samples from our institution and several databases, respectively, to explore the function of PSRC1 in LGG. First, the analysis of clinical characteristics showed that PSRC1 was always highly expressed in more malignant clinical characteristics of LGG, such as higher WHO grade, recurrence type, and IDH wild type. Second, the prognosis analysis revealed that the high expression of PSRC1 was an independent risk factor contributing to the shorter overall survival of LGG patients. Third, the analysis of DNA methylation showed that the expression of PSRC1 was associated with its 8 DNA methylation sites, overall negatively regulated by its DNA methylation level in LGG. Fourth, the analysis of immune correlation revealed that the expression of PSRC1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of 6 immune cells and the expression of 4 well-known immune checkpoints in LGG, respectively. Finally, co-expression analysis and KEGG analysis showed the 10 genes most related to PSRC1 and the signaling pathways involved by PSRC1 in LGG, respectively, such as MAPK signaling pathway and focal adhesion. In conclusion, this study identified the pathogenic role of PSRC1 in the pathological progression of LGG, expanding the molecular understanding of PSRC1, and provided a biomarker and potential immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenjia Liang
- People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, , Microbiome Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- Henan University School of Clinical Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Microbiome Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, , Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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31
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Chan C, Yuan CC, McCoy JG, Ward PS, Grabarek Z. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter transports Ca 2+ via a ligand-relay mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.17.545435. [PMID: 37398228 PMCID: PMC10312793 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.17.545435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) is a multicomponent Ca 2+ -specific channel that imparts mitochondria with the capacity to sense the cytosolic calcium signals. The metazoan mtCU comprises the pore-forming subunit MCU and the essential regulator EMRE, arranged in a tetrameric channel complex, and the Ca 2+ sensing peripheral proteins MICU1-3. The mechanism of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake by mtCU and its regulation is poorly understood. Our analysis of MCU structure and sequence conservation, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, mutagenesis, and functional studies, led us to conclude that the Ca 2+ conductance of MCU is driven by a ligand-relay mechanism, which depends on stochastic structural fluctuations in the conserved DxxE sequence. In the tetrameric structure of MCU, the four glutamate side chains of DxxE (the E-ring) chelate Ca 2+ directly in a high-affinity complex (site 1), which blocks the channel. The four glutamates can also switch to a hydrogen bond-mediated interaction with an incoming hydrated Ca 2+ transiently sequestered within the D-ring of DxxE (site 2), thus releasing the Ca 2+ bound at site 1. This process depends critically on the structural flexibility of DxxE imparted by the adjacent invariant Pro residue. Our results suggest that the activity of the uniporter can be regulated through the modulation of local structural dynamics. A preliminary account of this work was presented at the 67 th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society in San Diego, CA, February 18-22, 2023.
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De Mario A, D'Angelo D, Zanotti G, Raffaello A, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex–A play in five acts. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102720. [PMID: 37001308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitCa2+) uptake controls both intraorganellar and cytosolic functions. Within the organelle, [Ca2+] increases regulate the activity of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, thus sustaining oxidative metabolism and ATP production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated as side products of oxygen consumption. At the same time, mitochondria act as buffers of cytosolic Ca2+ (cytCa2+) increases, thus regulating Ca2+-dependent cellular processes. In pathological conditions, mitCa2+ overload triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the release of apoptotic cofactors. MitCa2+ uptake occurs in response of local [Ca2+] increases in sites of proximity between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria and is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), a highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Both channel and regulatory subunits form the MCU complex (MCUC). Cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and crystal structures revealed the correct assembly of MCUC and the function of critical residues for the regulation of Ca2+ conductance.
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Ashok D, Papanicolaou K, Sidor A, Wang M, Solhjoo S, Liu T, O'Rourke B. Mitochondrial membrane potential instability on reperfusion after ischemia does not depend on mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104708. [PMID: 37061004 PMCID: PMC10206190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologic Ca2+ entry via the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) participates in energetic adaption to workload but may also contribute to cell death during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The MCU has been identified as the primary mode of Ca2+ import into mitochondria. Several groups have tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ import via MCU is detrimental during I/R injury using genetically-engineered mouse models, yet the results from these studies are inconclusive. Furthermore, mitochondria exhibit unstable or oscillatory membrane potentials (ΔΨm) when subjected to stress, such as during I/R, but it is unclear if the primary trigger is an excess influx of mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, or other factors. Here, we critically examine whether MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during I/R is involved in ΔΨm instability, or sustained mitochondrial depolarization, during reperfusion by acutely knocking out MCU in neonatal mouse ventricular myocyte (NMVM) monolayers subjected to simulated I/R. Unexpectedly, we find that MCU knockout does not significantly alter mCa2+ import during I/R, nor does it affect ΔΨm recovery during reperfusion. In contrast, blocking the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (mNCE) suppressed the mCa2+ increase during Ischemia but did not affect ΔΨm recovery or the frequency of ΔΨm oscillations during reperfusion, indicating that mitochondrial ΔΨm instability on reperfusion is not triggered by mCa2+. Interestingly, inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport or supplementation with antioxidants stabilized I/R-induced ΔΨm oscillations. The findings are consistent with mCa2+ overload being mediated by reverse-mode mNCE activity and supporting ROS-induced ROS release as the primary trigger of ΔΨm instability during reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Ashok
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyriakos Papanicolaou
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Wang
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Soroosh Solhjoo
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Tanwar J, Ahuja K, Sharma A, Sehgal P, Ranjan G, Sultan F, Priya A, Venkatesan M, Yenamandra VK, Singh A, Madesh M, Sivasubbu S, Motiani RK. Mitochondrial calcium signaling mediated transcriptional regulation of keratin filaments is a critical determinant of melanogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542250. [PMID: 37292659 PMCID: PMC10245956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles that regulate several physiological functions. Many mitochondria-controlled processes are driven by mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling. However, role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in melanosome biology remains unknown. Here, we show that pigmentation requires mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In vitro gain and loss of function studies demonstrated that Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) is crucial for melanogenesis while the MCU rheostats, MCUb and MICU1 negatively control melanogenesis. Zebrafish and mouse models showed that MCU plays a vital role in pigmentation in vivo. Mechanistically, MCU controls activation of transcription factor NFAT2 to induce expression of three keratins (keratin 5, 7 and 8), which we report as positive regulators of melanogenesis. Interestingly, keratin 5 in turn modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake thereby this signaling module acts as a negative feedback loop that fine-tunes both mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and melanogenesis. Mitoxantrone, an FDA approved drug that inhibits MCU, decreases physiological melanogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrates a critical role for mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in vertebrate pigmentation and reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting MCU for clinical management of pigmentary disorders. Given the centrality of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and keratin filaments in cellular physiology, this feedback loop may be functional in a variety of other pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Kriti Ahuja
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Paras Sehgal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Gyan Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Farina Sultan
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Anshu Priya
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yenamandra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-121001, Delhi-NCR, India
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Moon DO. Calcium's Role in Orchestrating Cancer Apoptosis: Mitochondrial-Centric Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108982. [PMID: 37240331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an essential intracellular messenger that plays a vital role in controlling a broad range of cellular processes, including apoptosis. This review offers an in-depth analysis of calcium's multifaceted role in apoptosis regulation, focusing on the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. We will explore calcium's impact on apoptosis through its effects on different cellular compartments, such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and discuss the connection between calcium homeostasis and ER stress. Additionally, we will highlight the interplay between calcium and various proteins, including calpains, calmodulin, and Bcl-2 family members, and the role of calcium in regulating caspase activation and pro-apoptotic factor release. By investigating the complex relationship between calcium and apoptosis, this review aims to deepen our comprehension of the fundamental processes, and pinpointing possible treatment options for illnesses associated with imbalanced cell death is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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38
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Szabo I, Szewczyk A. Mitochondrial Ion Channels. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:229-254. [PMID: 37159294 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-092622-094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in multiple cellular tasks, such as ATP synthesis, metabolism, metabolite and ion transport, regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, signaling, and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. The majority of the correct functioning of mitochondria is based on the large electrochemical proton gradient, whose component, the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, is strictly controlled by ion transport through mitochondrial membranes. Consequently, mitochondrial function is critically dependent on ion homeostasis, the disturbance of which leads to abnormal cell functions. Therefore, the discovery of mitochondrial ion channels influencing ion permeability through the membrane has defined a new dimension of the function of ion channels in different cell types, mainly linked to the important tasks that mitochondrial ion channels perform in cell life and death. This review summarizes studies on animal mitochondrial ion channels with special focus on their biophysical properties, molecular identity, and regulation. Additionally, the potential of mitochondrial ion channels as therapeutic targets for several diseases is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
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Tomar D, Thomas M, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Salik O, Jadiya P, Joseph SK, Carpenter AC, Hajnóczky G, Elrod JW. MICU1 regulates mitochondrial cristae structure and function independently of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter channel. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabi8948. [PMID: 37098122 PMCID: PMC10388395 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
MICU1 is a calcium (Ca2+)-binding protein that regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (mtCU) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MICU1 knockout mice display disorganized mitochondrial architecture, a phenotype that is distinct from that of mice with deficiencies in other mtCU subunits and, thus, is likely not explained by changes in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ content. Using proteomic and cellular imaging techniques, we found that MICU1 localized to the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and directly interacted with the MICOS components MIC60 and CHCHD2 independently of the mtCU. We demonstrated that MICU1 was essential for MICOS complex formation and that MICU1 ablation resulted in altered cristae organization, mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and cell death signaling. Together, our results suggest that MICU1 is an intermembrane space Ca2+ sensor that modulates mitochondrial membrane dynamics independently of matrix Ca2+ uptake. This system enables distinct Ca2+ signaling in the mitochondrial matrix and at the intermembrane space to modulate cellular energetics and cell death in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Manfred Thomas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Oniel Salik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Suresh K. Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - April C. Carpenter
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. MCU gain- and loss-of-function models define the duality of mitochondrial calcium uptake in heart failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537222. [PMID: 37131819 PMCID: PMC10153142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) stimulates metabolism to meet acute increases in cardiac energy demand. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake during stress, as in ischemia-reperfusion, initiates permeability transition and cell death. Despite these often-reported acute physiological and pathological effects, a major unresolved controversy is whether mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake and long-term elevation of cardiomyocyte mCa2+ contributes to the heart's adaptation during sustained increases in workload. Objective We tested the hypothesis that mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake contributes to cardiac adaptation and ventricular remodeling during sustained catecholaminergic stress. Methods Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific gain (αMHC-MCM × flox-stop-MCU; MCU-Tg) or loss (αMHC-MCM × Mcufl/fl; Mcu-cKO) of mtCU function received 2-wk catecholamine infusion. Results Cardiac contractility increased after 2d of isoproterenol in control, but not Mcu-cKO mice. Contractility declined and cardiac hypertrophy increased after 1-2-wk of isoproterenol in MCU-Tg mice. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+- and isoproterenol-induced necrosis. However, loss of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator cyclophilin D failed to attenuate contractile dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling, and increased isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte death in MCU-Tg mice. Conclusions mtCU mCa2+ uptake is required for early contractile responses to adrenergic signaling, even those occurring over several days. Under sustained adrenergic load excessive MCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake drives cardiomyocyte dropout, perhaps independent of classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and compromises contractile function. These findings suggest divergent consequences for acute versus sustained mCa2+ loading, and support distinct functional roles for the mPTP in settings of acute mCa2+ overload versus persistent mCa2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Luongo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam S. Mangold
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N. Hildebrand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lozano O, Marcos P, Salazar-Ramirez FDJ, Lázaro-Alfaro AF, Sobrevia L, García-Rivas G. Targeting the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex in cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13946. [PMID: 36751976 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, share in common mitochondrial dysfunction, in specific a dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. In particular, Ca2+ uptake regulates the mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and cell death. Therefore, modulating the activity of the MCU complex to regulate Ca2+ uptake, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVDs. Here, the role and implications of the MCU complex in CVDs are presented, followed by a review of the evidence for MCU complex modulation, genetically and pharmacologically. While most approaches have aimed within the MCU complex for the modulation of the Ca2+ pore channel, the MCU subunit, its intra- and extra- mitochondrial implications, including Ca2+ dynamics, oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, and its repercussions in the cardiac function, highlight that targeting the MCU complex has the translational potential for novel CVDs therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lozano
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Patricio Marcos
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Salazar-Ramirez
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Anay F Lázaro-Alfaro
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Center of Functional Medicine, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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Xu H, Yu W, Sun M, Bi Y, Wu NN, Zhou Y, Yang Q, Zhang M, Ge J, Zhang Y, Ren J. Syntaxin17 contributes to obesity cardiomyopathy through promoting mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload in a Parkin-MCUb-dependent manner. Metabolism 2023; 143:155551. [PMID: 36948287 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncorrected obesity is accompanied by unfavorable structural and functional changes in the heart, known as obesity cardiomyopathy. Recent evidence has revealed a crucial role for mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in obesity-induced cardiac complication. Syntaxin 17 (STX17) serves as a scaffolding molecule localized on MAMs although its role in obesity heart complication remains elusive. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study examined the role of STX17 in MAMs and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in HFD-induced obesity cardiomyopathy using tamoxifen-induced cardiac-specific STX17 knockout (STX17cko) and STX17 overexpression mice using intravenously delivered recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9-cTNT-STX17). RESULTS STX17 levels were significantly elevated in plasma from obese patients and heart tissues of HFD-fed mice. Our data revealed that cardiac STX17 knockout alleviated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in obese hearts without eliciting any notable effect itself, while STX17 overexpression aggravated cardiac dysfunction in obese mice. STX17 deletion and STX17 overexpression annihilated and aggravated, respectively, HFD-induced oxidative stress (O2- production) and mitochondrial injury in the heart. Furthermore, STX17 transfection facilitated obesity-induced MAMs formation in cardiomyocytes and evoked excess mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, dependent upon interaction with mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter dominant negative β (MCUb) through Habc domain. Our data also suggested that STX17 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of MCUb through the E3 ligase parkin in the face of palmitate challenging. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results identified a novel role for STX17 in facilitating obesity-induced MAMs formation, and subsequently mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial O2- accumulation, lipid peroxidation, resulting in cardiac impairment. Our findings denoted therapeutic promises of targeting STX17 in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a cell signaling hub: lessons from astrocyte function. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:63-75. [PMID: 36636961 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a heterogenous population of macroglial cells spread throughout the central nervous system with diverse functions, expression signatures, and intricate morphologies. Their subcellular compartments contain a distinct range of mitochondria, with functional microdomains exhibiting widespread activities, such as controlling local metabolism and Ca2+ signaling. Ca2+ is an ion of utmost importance, both physiologically and pathologically, and participates in critical central nervous system processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuron-astrocyte integration, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial physiology and metabolism. The mitochondrial Ca2+ handling system is formed by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUc), which mediates Ca2+ influx, and the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), responsible for most mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux, as well as additional components, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). Over the last decades, mitochondrial Ca2+ handling has been shown to be key for brain homeostasis, acting centrally in physiopathological processes such as astrogliosis, astrocyte-neuron activity integration, energy metabolism control, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the mitochondrial Ca2+ handling system molecular composition, highlighting its impact on astrocytic homeostasis.
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Wang J, Yang S, Li H, Shen H, Lu X, Li X, Chen G. Downregulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake family 3 attenuates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114302. [PMID: 36549422 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one type of stroke with a high incidence and mortality. Mitochondria provide energy for various life processes and regulate calcium-mediated signaling pathways by taking up calcium ions from cytoplasm. Mitochondrial calcium uptake family 3 (MICU3) is a tissue-specific enhancer of mitochondrial calcium uptake. The effects and mechanisms of MICU3 in ICH are unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of MICU3 in ICH in rats and neuronal models. First, we constructed ICH model both in vivo and in vitro and observed increased expression of MICU3. Then lentivirus was transduced to knock down MICU3. We observed that knockdown of MICU3 significantly reduced mitochondrial uptake of calcium in primary neurons. Moreover, the downregulation of MICU3 attenuated cell apoptosis and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recovery of neurobehavioral and cognitive function also benefited from downregulation of MICU3. The findings demonstrated that MICU3 played an important role in cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function, and promoted rehabilitation of neurobehavior. In conclusion, MICU3 is expected to be a molecular marker and a potential therapeutic target for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaocheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
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Li Y, Ouyang Q, Chen W, Liu K, Zhang B, Yao J, Zhang S, Ding J, Cong M, Xu A. An iron-dependent form of non-canonical ferroptosis induced by labile iron. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:516-527. [PMID: 36515861 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently identified iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation. Here, we report a novel iron-dependent form of ferroptosis induced by labile iron and investigate the mechanism underlying this process. We find that labile iron-induced ferroptosis is distinct from canonical ferroptosis and is linked to the mitochondrial pathway. Specifically, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter mediates the ferroptosis induced by labile iron. Interestingly, cells undergoing labile iron-induced ferroptosis exhibit cytoplasmic features of oncosis and nuclear features of apoptosis. Furthermore, labile iron-induced ferroptosis involves a unique set of genes. Finally, labile iron-induced ferroptosis was observed in liver subjected to acute iron overload in vivo. Our study reveals a novel form of ferroptosis that may be implicated in diseases caused by acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Li
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingyi Yao
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junying Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Anjian Xu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Liu C, Li H, Duan W, Duan Y, Yu Q, Zhang T, Sun Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu S. MCU Upregulation Overactivates Mitophagy by Promoting VDAC1 Dimerization and Ubiquitination in the Hepatotoxicity of Cadmium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203869. [PMID: 36642847 PMCID: PMC9982555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a high-risk pathogenic toxin for hepatic diseases. Excessive mitophagy is a hallmark in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a key regulator for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Here, Cd exposure upregulated MCU expression and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake are found. MCU inhibition through siRNA or by Ru360 significantly attenuates Cd-induced excessive mitophagy, thereby rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and increases hepatocyte viability. Heterozygous MCU knockout mice exhibit improved liver function, ameliorated pathological damage, less mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy after Cd exposure. Mechanistically, Cd upregulates MCU expression through phosphorylation activation of cAMP-response element binding protein at Ser133(CREBS133 ) and subsequent binding of MCU promoter at the TGAGGTCT, ACGTCA, and CTCCGTGATGTA regions, leading to increased MCU gene transcription. The upregulated MCU intensively interacts with voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1), enhances its dimerization and ubiquitination, resulting in excessive mitophagy. This study reveals a novel mechanism, through which Cd upregulates MCU to enhance mitophagy and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Juan Li
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Xia Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Yu Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Pei Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- School of Public HealthNanjing Medical University211166NanjingP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Sheng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Cheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
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Walters GC, Usachev YM. Mitochondrial calcium cycling in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094356. [PMID: 36760367 PMCID: PMC9902777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In neurons, Ca2+ buffering is particularly important as it helps to shape Ca2+ signals and to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent functions including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, gene expression, and neuronal toxicity. Over the past decade, identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and other molecular components of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has provided insight into the roles that mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation plays in neuronal function in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the many roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms in normal neuronal function and highlight new insights into the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms that drive mitochondrial dysfunction in neurologic diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also consider how targeting Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Walters
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Ion Channels of the Sarcolemma and Intracellular Organelles in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Role in the Dysregulation of Ion Homeostasis and a Possible Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032229. [PMID: 36768550 PMCID: PMC9917149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein and a properly functioning dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) in muscle cells. DAPC components act as molecular scaffolds coordinating the assembly of various signaling molecules including ion channels. DMD shows a significant change in the functioning of the ion channels of the sarcolemma and intracellular organelles and, above all, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria regulating ion homeostasis, which is necessary for the correct excitation and relaxation of muscles. This review is devoted to the analysis of current data on changes in the structure, functioning, and regulation of the activity of ion channels in striated muscles in DMD and their contribution to the disruption of muscle function and the development of pathology. We note the prospects of therapy based on targeting the channels of the sarcolemma and organelles for the correction and alleviation of pathology, and the problems that arise in the interpretation of data obtained on model dystrophin-deficient objects.
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50
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Pan D, Xu L, Shi D, Guo M. Knowledge mapping of mitochondrial calcium uniporter from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107328. [PMID: 36744031 PMCID: PMC9895098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Calcium uptake research has a long history. However, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein was first discovered in 2011. As investigations of mitochondrial calcium uniporter represent a new research hotspot, a comprehensive and objective perspective of the field is lacking. Hence, this bibliometric analysis aimed to provide the current study status and trends related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter research in the past decade. Methods: Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We quantified and visualized information regarding annual publications, journals, cocited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and cocited authors by using CiteSpace 5.8. R3 and VOSviewer. In addition, we analysed the citation and keyword bursts related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter studies. Results: From 2011 to 2022, 1,030 articles were published by 5,050 authors from 1,145 affiliations and 62 countries or regions. The country with the most published articles was the United States. The institution with the most published articles was the University of Padua. Rosario Rizzuto published the most articles and was also the most cocited author. Cell Calcium published the largest number of articles, whereas Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most cocitations. The top 5 keywords related to pathological processes were oxidative stress, cell death, permeability transition, apoptosis, and metabolism. MICU1, calcium, ryanodine receptor, ATP synthase and cyclophilin D were the top 5 keywords related to molecules. Conclusion: mitochondrial calcium uniporter research has grown stably over the last decade. Current studies focus on the structure of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex and its regulatory effect on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in different diseases has been explored. Current studies mostly involve investigations of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Our analysis provides guidance and new insights into further mitochondrial calcium uniporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
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