1
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Sharma R, Gibb AA, Barnts K, Elrod JW, Puri S. Alternative oxidase promotes high iron tolerance in Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0215723. [PMID: 37929974 PMCID: PMC10714975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02157-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The yeast C. albicans exhibits metabolic flexibility for adaptability to host niches with varying availability of nutrients including essential metals like iron. For example, blood is iron deplete, while the oral cavity and the intestinal lumen are considered iron replete. We show here that C. albicans can tolerate very high levels of environmental iron, despite an increase in high iron-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) that it mitigates with the help of a unique oxidase, known as alternative oxidase (AOX). High iron induces AOX1/2 that limits mitochondrial accumulation of ROS. Genetic elimination of AOX1/2 resulted in diminished virulence during oropharyngeal candidiasis in high iron mice. Since human mitochondria lack AOX protein, it represents a unique target for treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Sharma
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A. Gibb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelcie Barnts
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medicine and Surgery, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sumant Puri
- Oral Microbiome Research Laboratory, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Qin D, Jia XF, Hanna A, Lee J, Pekson R, Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Frangogiannis NG, Kitsis RN. BAK contributes critically to necrosis and infarct generation during reperfused myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:1-12. [PMID: 37709008 PMCID: PMC10841630 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At least seven cell death programs are activated during myocardial infarction (MI), but which are most important in causing heart damage is not understood. Two of these programs are mitochondrial-dependent necrosis and apoptosis. The canonical function of the pro-cell death BCL-2 family proteins BAX and BAK is to mediate permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane during apoptosis allowing apoptogen release. BAX has also been shown to sensitize cells to mitochondrial-dependent necrosis, although the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Genetic deletion of Bax or both Bax and Bak in mice reduces infarct size following reperfused myocardial infarction (MI/R), but the contribution of BAK itself to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis and infarction has not been investigated. In this study, we use Bak-deficient mice and isolated adult cardiomyocytes to delineate the role of BAK in the pathogenesis of infarct generation and post-infarct remodeling during MI/R and non-reperfused MI. Generalized homozygous deletion of Bak reduced infarct size ∼50% in MI/R in vivo, which was attributable primarily to decreases in necrosis. Protection from necrosis was also observed in BAK-deficient isolated cardiomyocytes suggesting that the cardioprotection from BAK loss in vivo is at least partially cardiomyocyte-autonomous. Interestingly, heterozygous Bak deletion, in which the heart still retains ∼28% of wild type BAK levels, reduced infarct size to a similar extent as complete BAK absence. In contrast to MI/R, homozygous Bak deletion did not attenuate acute infarct size or long-term scar size, post-infarct remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, or mortality in non-reperfused MI. We conclude that BAK contributes significantly to cardiomyocyte necrosis and infarct generation during MI/R, while its absence does not appear to impact the pathogenesis of non-reperfused MI. These observations suggest BAK may be a therapeutic target for MI/R and that even partial pharmacological antagonism may provide benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Qin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaotong F Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
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3
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Jadiya P, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Thomas M, Cohen HM, Khaledi S, Garbincius JF, Hildebrand AN, Elrod JW. Genetic ablation of neuronal mitochondrial calcium uptake halts Alzheimer's disease progression. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.11.561889. [PMID: 37904949 PMCID: PMC10614731 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid beta, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal cell death. These phenotypes correlate with and are linked to elevated neuronal intracellular calcium ( i Ca 2+ ) levels. Recently, our group reported that mitochondrial calcium ( m Ca 2+ ) overload, due to loss of m Ca 2+ efflux capacity, contributes to AD development and progression. We also noted proteomic remodeling of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) in sporadic AD brain samples, suggestive of altered m Ca 2+ uptake in AD. Since the mtCU is the primary mechanism for Ca 2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix, inhibition of the mtCU has the potential to reduce or prevent m Ca 2+ overload in AD. Here, we report that neuronal-specific loss of mtCU-dependent m Ca 2+ uptake in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD reduced Aβ and tau-pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Knockdown of Mcu in a cellular model of AD significantly decreased matrix Ca 2+ content, oxidative stress, and cell death. These results suggest that inhibition of neuronal m Ca 2+ uptake is a novel therapeutic target to impede AD progression.
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4
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Garbincius JF, Salik O, Cohen HM, Choya-Foces C, Mangold AS, Makhoul AD, Schmidt AE, Khalil DY, Doolittle JJ, Wilkinson AS, Murray EK, Lazaropoulos MP, Hildebrand AN, Tomar D, Elrod JW. TMEM65 regulates NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.06.561062. [PMID: 37873405 PMCID: PMC10592617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The balance between mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake and efflux regulates ATP production, but if perturbed causes energy starvation or mCa2+ overload and cell death. The mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger, NCLX, is a critical route of mCa2+ efflux in excitable tissues, such as the heart and brain, and animal models support NCLX as a promising therapeutic target to limit pathogenic mCa2+ overload. However, the mechanisms that regulate NCLX activity remain largely unknown. We used proximity biotinylation proteomic screening to identify the NCLX interactome and define novel regulators of NCLX function. Here, we discover the mitochondrial inner membrane protein, TMEM65, as an NCLX-proximal protein that potently enhances sodium (Na+)-dependent mCa2+ efflux. Mechanistically, acute pharmacologic NCLX inhibition or genetic deletion of NCLX ablates the TMEM65-dependent increase in mCa2+ efflux. Further, loss-of-function studies show that TMEM65 is required for Na+-dependent mCa2+ efflux. Co-fractionation and in silico structural modeling of TMEM65 and NCLX suggest these two proteins exist in a common macromolecular complex in which TMEM65 directly stimulates NCLX function. In line with these findings, knockdown of Tmem65 in mice promotes mCa2+ overload in the heart and skeletal muscle and impairs both cardiac and neuromuscular function. We further demonstrate that TMEM65 deletion causes excessive mitochondrial permeability transition, whereas TMEM65 overexpression protects against necrotic cell death during cellular Ca2+ stress. Collectively, our results show that loss of TMEM65 function in excitable tissue disrupts NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux, causing pathogenic mCa2+ overload, cell death and organ-level dysfunction, and that gain of TMEM65 function mitigates these effects. These findings demonstrate the essential role of TMEM65 in regulating NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux and suggest modulation of TMEM65 as a novel strategy for the therapeutic control of mCa2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oniel Salik
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Choya-Foces
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam S. Mangold
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelina D. Makhoul
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna E. Schmidt
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dima Y. Khalil
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua J. Doolittle
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anya S. Wilkinson
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Lazaropoulos
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N. Hildebrand
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Lazaropoulos MP, Elrod JW. Cardiac Fibrosis Mitigated by an Endogenous Negative Regulator of HDAC. Circ Res 2023; 133:252-254. [PMID: 37471486 PMCID: PMC10521147 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Lazaropoulos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Cohen HM, Salik O, Elrod JW. Signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial calcium efflux - a commentary on Rozenfeld et al. "Essential role of the mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger NCLX in mediating PDE2-dependent neuronal survival and learning". Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102764. [PMID: 37271053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) is a critical regulator of neuronal cell death, bioenergetics, and signaling pathways. Although the regulatory machinery governing mCa2+ uptake via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) has been identified and functionally characterized, regulation of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the primary means of mCa2+ efflux, is poorly understood. Rozenfeld et al. report that inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) enhances mCa2+efflux via increased NCLX phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) [1]. The authors demonstrate that enhancing NCLX activity by pharmacologic inhibition of PDE2 improves neuronal survival in response to excitotoxic insult in vitro and enhances cognitive performance. Here we contextualize this discovery within existing literature and provide conjecture to add clarity to the proposed novel regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Oniel Salik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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7
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Cabral-Costa JV, Vicente-Gutiérrez C, Agulla J, Lapresa R, Elrod JW, Almeida Á, Bolaños JP, Kowaltowski AJ. Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger NCLX regulates glycolysis in astrocytes, impacting on cognitive performance. J Neurochem 2023; 165:521-535. [PMID: 36563047 PMCID: PMC10478152 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are strictly controlled by plasma membrane transporters, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, in which Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc), while efflux occurs mainly through the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). RNAseq database repository searches led us to identify the Nclx transcript as highly enriched in astrocytes when compared with neurons. To assess the role of NCLX in mouse primary culture astrocytes, we inhibited its function both pharmacologically or genetically. This resulted in re-shaping of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and a metabolic shift that increased glycolytic flux and lactate secretion in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. Interestingly, in vivo genetic deletion of NCLX in hippocampal astrocytes improved cognitive performance in behavioral tasks, whereas hippocampal neuron-specific deletion of NCLX impaired cognitive performance. These results unveil a role for NCLX as a novel modulator of astrocytic glucose metabolism, impacting on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Cabral-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Tomar D, Thomas M, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Salik O, Jadiya P, Joseph SK, Carpenter AC, Hajnóczky G, Elrod JW. MICU1 regulates mitochondrial cristae structure and function independently of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter channel. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabi8948. [PMID: 37098122 PMCID: PMC10388395 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
MICU1 is a calcium (Ca2+)-binding protein that regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (mtCU) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MICU1 knockout mice display disorganized mitochondrial architecture, a phenotype that is distinct from that of mice with deficiencies in other mtCU subunits and, thus, is likely not explained by changes in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ content. Using proteomic and cellular imaging techniques, we found that MICU1 localized to the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and directly interacted with the MICOS components MIC60 and CHCHD2 independently of the mtCU. We demonstrated that MICU1 was essential for MICOS complex formation and that MICU1 ablation resulted in altered cristae organization, mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and cell death signaling. Together, our results suggest that MICU1 is an intermembrane space Ca2+ sensor that modulates mitochondrial membrane dynamics independently of matrix Ca2+ uptake. This system enables distinct Ca2+ signaling in the mitochondrial matrix and at the intermembrane space to modulate cellular energetics and cell death in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Manfred Thomas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Oniel Salik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Suresh K. Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - April C. Carpenter
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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10
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. MCU gain- and loss-of-function models define the duality of mitochondrial calcium uptake in heart failure. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.17.537222. [PMID: 37131819 PMCID: PMC10153142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) stimulates metabolism to meet acute increases in cardiac energy demand. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake during stress, as in ischemia-reperfusion, initiates permeability transition and cell death. Despite these often-reported acute physiological and pathological effects, a major unresolved controversy is whether mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake and long-term elevation of cardiomyocyte mCa2+ contributes to the heart's adaptation during sustained increases in workload. Objective We tested the hypothesis that mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake contributes to cardiac adaptation and ventricular remodeling during sustained catecholaminergic stress. Methods Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific gain (αMHC-MCM × flox-stop-MCU; MCU-Tg) or loss (αMHC-MCM × Mcufl/fl; Mcu-cKO) of mtCU function received 2-wk catecholamine infusion. Results Cardiac contractility increased after 2d of isoproterenol in control, but not Mcu-cKO mice. Contractility declined and cardiac hypertrophy increased after 1-2-wk of isoproterenol in MCU-Tg mice. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+- and isoproterenol-induced necrosis. However, loss of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator cyclophilin D failed to attenuate contractile dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling, and increased isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte death in MCU-Tg mice. Conclusions mtCU mCa2+ uptake is required for early contractile responses to adrenergic signaling, even those occurring over several days. Under sustained adrenergic load excessive MCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake drives cardiomyocyte dropout, perhaps independent of classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and compromises contractile function. These findings suggest divergent consequences for acute versus sustained mCa2+ loading, and support distinct functional roles for the mPTP in settings of acute mCa2+ overload versus persistent mCa2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Luongo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam S. Mangold
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N. Hildebrand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Li Y, Kubo H, Yu D, Yang Y, Johnson JP, Eaton DM, Berretta RM, Foster M, McKinsey TA, Yu J, Elrod JW, Chen X, Houser SR. Combining three independent pathological stressors induces a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction phenotype. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H443-H460. [PMID: 36763506 PMCID: PMC9988529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined as HF with an ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50% and elevated cardiac diastolic filling pressures. The underlying causes of HFpEF are multifactorial and not well-defined. A transgenic mouse with low levels of cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific inducible Cavβ2a expression (β2a-Tg mice) showed increased cytosolic CM Ca2+, and modest levels of CM hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This study aimed to determine if β2a-Tg mice develop an HFpEF phenotype when challenged with two additional stressors, high-fat diet (HFD) and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, LN). Four-month-old wild-type (WT) and β2a-Tg mice were given either normal chow (WT-N, β2a-N) or HFD and/or l-NAME (WT-HFD, WT-LN, WT-HFD-LN, β2a-HFD, β2a-LN, and β2a-HFD-LN). Some animals were treated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) (hypertrophy regulators) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (β2a-HFD-LN-SAHA). Echocardiography was performed monthly. After 4 mo of treatment, terminal studies were performed including invasive hemodynamics and organs weight measurements. Cardiac tissue was collected. Four months of HFD plus l-NAME treatment did not induce a profound HFpEF phenotype in FVB WT mice. β2a-HFD-LN (3-Hit) mice developed features of HFpEF, including increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, preserved EF, diastolic dysfunction, robust CM hypertrophy, increased M2-macrophage population, and myocardial fibrosis. SAHA reduced the HFpEF phenotype in the 3-Hit mouse model, by attenuating these effects. The 3-Hit mouse model induced a reliable HFpEF phenotype with CM hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and increased M2-macrophage population. This model could be used for identifying and preclinical testing of novel therapeutic strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows that three independent pathological stressors (increased Ca2+ influx, high-fat diet, and l-NAME) together produce a profound HFpEF phenotype. The primary mechanisms include HDAC-dependent-CM hypertrophy, necrosis, increased M2-macrophage population, fibroblast activation, and myocardial fibrosis. A role for HDAC activation in the HFpEF phenotype was shown in studies with SAHA treatment, which prevented the severe HFpEF phenotype. This "3-Hit" mouse model could be helpful in identifying novel therapeutic strategies to treat HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaslyn P Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Foster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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12
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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Li Z, Xia H, Sharp TE, LaPenna KB, Katsouda A, Elrod JW, Pfeilschifter J, Beck KF, Xu S, Xian M, Goodchild TT, Papapetropoulos A, Lefer DJ. Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Heart Failure. Circ Res 2023; 132:154-166. [PMID: 36575984 PMCID: PMC9852013 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide is a critical endogenous signaling molecule that exerts protective effects in the setting of heart failure. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), 1 of 3 hydrogen-sulfide-producing enzyme, is predominantly localized in the vascular endothelium. The interaction between the endothelial CSE-hydrogen sulfide axis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition, an important pathological process contributing to the formation of fibrosis, has yet to be investigated. METHODS Endothelial-cell-specific CSE knockout and Endothelial cell-CSE overexpressing mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction to induce heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Cardiac function, vascular reactivity, and treadmill exercise capacity were measured to determine the severity of heart failure. Histological and gene expression analyses were performed to investigate changes in cardiac fibrosis and the activation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition. RESULTS Endothelial-cell-specific CSE knockout mice exhibited increased endothelial-mesenchymal transition and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in the myocardium, which was associated with increased cardiac fibrosis, impaired cardiac and vascular function, and worsened exercise performance. In contrast, genetic overexpression of CSE in endothelial cells led to increased myocardial nitric oxide, decreased endothelial-mesenchymal transition and cardiac fibrosis, preserved cardiac and endothelial function, and improved exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that endothelial CSE modulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition and ameliorate the severity of pressure-overload-induced heart failure, in part, through nitric oxide-related mechanisms. These data further suggest that endothelium-derived hydrogen sulfide is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Huijing Xia
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Thomas E. Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Antonia Katsouda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Beck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Traci T. Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - David J. Lefer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Gibb AA, Huynh AT, Gaspar RB, Ploesch TL, Lombardi AA, Lorkiewicz PK, Lazaropoulos MP, Bedi K, Arany Z, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Glutamine uptake and catabolism is required for myofibroblast formation and persistence. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:78-89. [PMID: 35988357 PMCID: PMC10486318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling are mediated by resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). In response to injury, fibroblasts activate, differentiating into specialized synthetic and contractile myofibroblasts producing copious extracellular matrix proteins (e.g., collagens). Myofibroblast persistence in chronic diseases, such as HF, leads to progressive cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling. We recently reported that an increase in αKG (alpha-ketoglutarate) bioavailability, which contributes to enhanced αKG-dependent lysine demethylase activity and chromatin remodeling, is required for myofibroblast formation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the substrates and metabolic pathways contributing to αKG biosynthesis and their requirement for myofibroblast formation. METHODS Stable isotope metabolomics identified glutaminolysis as a key metabolic pathway required for αKG biosynthesis and myofibroblast formation, therefore we tested the effects of pharmacologic inhibition (CB-839) or genetic deletion of glutaminase (Gls1-/-) on myofibroblast formation in both murine and human cardiac fibroblasts. We employed immunofluorescence staining, functional gel contraction, western blotting, and bioenergetic assays to determine the myofibroblast phenotype. RESULTS Carbon tracing indicated enhanced glutaminolysis mediating increased αKG abundance. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of glutaminolysis prevented myofibroblast formation indicated by a reduction in αSMA+ cells, collagen gel contraction, collagen abundance, and the bioenergetic response. Inhibition of glutaminolysis also prevented TGFβ-mediated histone demethylation and supplementation with cell-permeable αKG rescued the myofibroblast phenotype. Importantly, inhibition of glutaminolysis was sufficient to prevent myofibroblast formation in CFs isolated from the human failing heart. CONCLUSIONS These results define glutaminolysis as necessary for myofibroblast formation and persistence, providing substantial rationale to evaluate several new therapeutic targets to treat cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Anh T Huynh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ryan B Gaspar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tori L Ploesch
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Alyssa A Lombardi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael P Lazaropoulos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ken Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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15
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Murashige D, Jung JW, Neinast MD, Levin MG, Chu Q, Lambert JP, Garbincius JF, Kim B, Hoshino A, Marti-Pamies I, McDaid KS, Shewale SV, Flam E, Yang S, Roberts E, Li L, Morley MP, Bedi KC, Hyman MC, Frankel DS, Margulies KB, Assoian RK, Elrod JW, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Extra-cardiac BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure and protects from heart failure. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1749-1764.e7. [PMID: 36223763 PMCID: PMC9633425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic activation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is protective in models of heart failure (HF). How protection occurs remains unclear, although a causative block in cardiac BCAA oxidation is widely assumed. Here, we use in vivo isotope infusions to show that cardiac BCAA oxidation in fact increases, rather than decreases, in HF. Moreover, cardiac-specific activation of BCAA oxidation does not protect from HF even though systemic activation does. Lowering plasma and cardiac BCAAs also fails to confer significant protection, suggesting alternative mechanisms of protection. Surprisingly, activation of BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure (BP), a known cardioprotective mechanism. BP lowering occurred independently of nitric oxide and reflected vascular resistance to adrenergic constriction. Mendelian randomization studies revealed that elevated plasma BCAAs portend higher BP in humans. Together, these data indicate that BCAA oxidation lowers vascular resistance, perhaps in part explaining cardioprotection in HF that is not mediated directly in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Murashige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ingrid Marti-Pamies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendra S McDaid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Flam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Hyman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Frankel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Gross S, Hooper R, Tomar D, Armstead AP, Shanas N, Mallu P, Joshi H, Ray S, Chong PL, Astsaturov I, Farma JM, Cai KQ, Chitrala KN, Elrod JW, Zaidi MR, Soboloff J. Suppression of Ca 2+ signaling enhances melanoma progression. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110046. [PMID: 36039850 PMCID: PMC9531303 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in melanoma metastasis is highly controversial. To address this, we here examined UV-dependent metastasis, revealing a critical role for SOCE suppression in melanoma progression. UV-induced cholesterol biosynthesis was critical for UV-induced SOCE suppression and subsequent metastasis, although SOCE suppression alone was both necessary and sufficient for metastasis to occur. Further, SOCE suppression was responsible for UV-dependent differences in gene expression associated with both increased invasion and reduced glucose metabolism. Functional analyses further established that increased glucose uptake leads to a metabolic shift towards biosynthetic pathways critical for melanoma metastasis. Finally, examination of fresh surgically isolated human melanoma explants revealed cholesterol biosynthesis-dependent reduced SOCE. Invasiveness could be reversed with either cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors or pharmacological SOCE potentiation. Collectively, we provide evidence that, contrary to current thinking, Ca2+ signals can block invasive behavior, and suppression of these signals promotes invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Alexander P Armstead
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - No'ad Shanas
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Pranava Mallu
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Hinal Joshi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Suravi Ray
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Parkson Lee‐Gau Chong
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Department of Hematology/OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jeffrey M Farma
- Department of Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Department of Hematology/OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - John W Elrod
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized MedicineThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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17
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Zhang L, Dietsche F, Seitaj B, Rojas-Charry L, Latchman N, Tomar D, Wüst RC, Nickel A, Frauenknecht KB, Schoser B, Schumann S, Schmeisser MJ, Vom Berg J, Buch T, Finger S, Wenzel P, Maack C, Elrod JW, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Methner A. TMBIM5 loss of function alters mitochondrial matrix ion homeostasis and causes a skeletal myopathy. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201478. [PMID: 35715207 PMCID: PMC9206080 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TMBIM5 deficiency reduces mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange. Mutation of the channel pore in mice destabilizes the protein and results in increased embryonic lethality and a skeletal myopathy. Ion fluxes across the inner mitochondrial membrane control mitochondrial volume, energy production, and apoptosis. TMBIM5, a highly conserved protein with homology to putative pH-dependent ion channels, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae architecture, ATP production, and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that overexpressed TMBIM5 can mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake. Under steady-state conditions, loss of TMBIM5 results in increased potassium and reduced proton levels in the mitochondrial matrix caused by attenuated exchange of these ions. To identify the in vivo consequences of TMBIM5 dysfunction, we generated mice carrying a mutation in the channel pore. These mutant mice display increased embryonic or perinatal lethality and a skeletal myopathy which strongly correlates with tissue-specific disruption of cristae architecture, early opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reduced calcium uptake capability, and mitochondrial swelling. Our results demonstrate that TMBIM5 is an essential and important part of the mitochondrial ion transport system machinery with particular importance for embryonic development and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Seitaj
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliana Rojas-Charry
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadina Latchman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rob Ci Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bm Frauenknecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Clinic, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Schmeisser
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Lazaropoulos MP, Reiter A, Gibb AA, Roy R, Elrod JW. Abstract P2050: Acetyl-coa Synthesis Is Required For Chromatin Remodeling In Myofibroblast Differentiation And Persistence. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) features fibrotic remodeling by myofibroblasts, a differentiated fibroblast population responsible for wound repair. Discovering mechanisms of myofibroblast formation and function may yield novel targets to delay or reverse HF. Myofibroblasts metabolically reprogram to mediate transcriptional activation of fibrotic genes through chromatin remodeling. We previously reported that α-ketoglutarate production for histone demethylation is essential for cardiac fibrosis, but metabolic regulation of histone acetylation in fibrosis is unclear. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ACSS2) synthesize acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm and have also been reported to supply substrate for histone acetyltransferases in the nucleus to modify regulatory histone residues. To investigate acetyl-CoA metabolism in myofibroblast formation, we stimulated adult mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with the pro-fibrotic agonist transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and treated cells with pharmacological inhibitors of ACLY and ACSS2. Either ACLY or ACSS2 inhibition sufficiently reverted differentiated myofibroblasts to a non-fibrotic phenotype, even during continuous TGFβ stimulation. Genetic deletion of ACLY in fibroblasts recapitulated these results. Further, ACLY inactivation was sufficient to decrease global histone acetylation. ACLY deletion, specifically in activated myofibroblasts in the adult mouse heart, slowed LV functional decline and remodeling in a model of pressure overload HF. Our data indicate that ACLY and ACSS2 are necessary for myofibroblast differentiation and persistence. We hypothesize that acetyl-CoA synthesis is necessary for histone acetylation required for activation of myofibroblast genes. Ongoing work will determine the molecular mechanisms of both enzymes in chromatin remodeling and in cardiac injury. In summary, acetyl-CoA producing enzymes are attractive clinical targets to reverse cardiac fibrosis.
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19
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Garbincius JF, Luongo T, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Kolmetzky D, Murray E, Hildebrand A, Jadiya P, Roy R, Nwokedi M, Ibetti J, Koch WJ, Elrod JW. Abstract P3053: Mitochondrial Calcium Accumulation Drives The Progression Of Non-ischemic Heart Failure: Integrated Lessons From Genetic Mouse Models. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute mitochondrial calcium (
m
Ca
2+
) uptake stimulates bioenergetics to meet increased ATP demand, but when excessive predisposes to necrotic cell death. A major unresolved controversy is whether chronic alterations in cardiomyocyte
m
Ca
2+
homeostasis contribute to maladaptive remodeling and contractile dysfunction in non-ischemic heart disease. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte
m
Ca
2+
accumulation drives cardiac maladaptation in response to stressors that chronically increase workload and cytosolic Ca
2+
cycling. We subjected mice with adult, cardiomyocyte-specific manipulation of
m
Ca
2+
uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (
Mcu
deletion,
Mcu
-cKO; MCU overexpression, MCU-Tg) or
m
Ca
2+
efflux through the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger, NCLX (NCLX overexpression, NCLX-OE), to chronic pressure or neurohormonal overload. Fractional shortening failed to increase in
Mcu
-cKO mice over the first days of isoproterenol (Iso) infusion. Mortality was increased in
Mcu
-cKO mice over this period, and this effect was recapitulated in NCLX-OE mice infused with angiotensin II + phenylephrine (PE), although contractility did not decline in either case. Hypertrophic responses to chronic stress were attenuated in NCLX-OE but not
Mcu
-cKO hearts, and adenoviral NCLX expression limited mitochondrial metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell growth in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with PE. These data indicate that
m
Ca
2+
accumulation is required for cardiac hypertrophy, but MCU is not. MCU-Tg hearts decompensated towards failure with 1-2 weeks of Iso. Although these hearts exhibited increased cardiomyocyte necrosis, deletion of the mPTP regulator cyclophilin D failed to rescue contractility, suggesting that
m
Ca
2+
overload causes cardiac failure, even independent of permeability transition. Fitting with this view, NCLX-OE attenuated the decline in contractile function that occurred with 12-week pressure overload. We conclude that despite initial adaptive effects, sustained
m
Ca
2+
elevation drives the progression of non-ischemic heart disease triggered by a chronic increase in cardiac workload. Our findings raise concern over proposed therapeutic strategies aiming to augment
m
Ca
2+
accumulation in heart failure.
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20
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Paillard M, Huang KT, Weaver D, Lambert JP, Elrod JW, Hajnóczky G. Altered composition of the mitochondrial Ca 2+uniporter in the failing human heart. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102618. [PMID: 35779476 PMCID: PMC10446164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Yet, there is still limited knowledge on the underlying molecular mechanisms, because human tissue for research is scarce, and data obtained in animal models is not directly applicable to humans. Thus, studies of human heart specimen are of particular relevance. Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling is an emerging topic in HF progression because its regulation is central to the energy supply of the heart contractions as well as to avoiding mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and the ensuing cell death induction. Notably, animal studies have already linked impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ transport to the initiation/progression of HF. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the Ca2+uniporter (mtCU) that consists of the MCU pore under tight control by the Ca2+-sensing MICU1 and MICU2. The MICU1/MCU protein ratio has been validated as a predictor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake phenotype. We here determined for the first time the protein composition of the mtCU in the human heart. The two regulators MICU1 and MICU2, were elevated in the failing human heart versus non-failing controls, while the MCU density was unchanged. Furthermore, the MICU1/MCU ratio was significantly elevated in the failing human hearts, suggesting altered gating of the MCU by MICU1 and MICU2. Based on a small cohort of patients, the decrease in the cardiac contractile function (ejection fraction) seems to correlate with the increase in MICU1/MCU ratio. Our findings therefore indicate a possible role for adaptive/maladaptive changes in the mtCU composition in the initiation/progression of human HF in humans and point to a potential therapeutic target at the level of the MICU1-dependent regulation of the mtCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America; Current address: Laboratoire CarMeN - IRIS Team, INSERM, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, INSA-Lyon, Univ-Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States of America.
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
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21
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Li Z, Xia H, Sharp TE, LaPenna KB, Elrod JW, Casin KM, Liu K, Calvert JW, Chau VQ, Salloum FN, Xu S, Xian M, Nagahara N, Goodchild TT, Lefer DJ. Mitochondrial H 2S Regulates BCAA Catabolism in Heart Failure. Circ Res 2022; 131:222-235. [PMID: 35701874 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts mitochondria-specific actions that include the preservation of oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, and ATP synthesis, while inhibiting cell death. 3-MST (3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) is a mitochondrial H2S-producing enzyme whose functions in the cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of global 3-MST deficiency in the setting of pressure overload-induced heart failure. METHODS Human myocardial samples obtained from patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac surgeries were probed for 3-MST protein expression. 3-MST knockout mice and C57BL/6J wild-type mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction to induce pressure overload heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Cardiac structure and function, vascular reactivity, exercise performance, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis efficiency were assessed. In addition, untargeted metabolomics were utilized to identify key pathways altered by 3-MST deficiency. RESULTS Myocardial 3-MST was significantly reduced in patients with heart failure compared with nonfailing controls. 3-MST KO mice exhibited increased accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in the myocardium, which was associated with reduced mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, exacerbated cardiac and vascular dysfunction, and worsened exercise performance following transverse aortic constriction. Restoring myocardial branched-chain amino acid catabolism with 3,6-dichlorobenzo1[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (BT2) and administration of a potent H2S donor JK-1 ameliorates the detrimental effects of 3-MST deficiency in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 3-MST derived mitochondrial H2S may play a regulatory role in branched-chain amino acid catabolism and mediate critical cardiovascular protection in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
| | - Huijing Xia
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
| | - Kyle B LaPenna
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (J.W.E.)
| | - Kevin M Casin
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (K.M.C., J.W.C.)
| | - Ken Liu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (K.L.)
| | - John W Calvert
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (K.M.C., J.W.C.)
| | - Vinh Q Chau
- VCU Health Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (V.Q.C., F.N.S.)
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- VCU Health Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (V.Q.C., F.N.S.)
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI (S.X., M.X.)
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI (S.X., M.X.)
| | | | - Traci T Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (Z.L., H.X., T.E.S., K.B.L., T.T.G., D.J.L.)
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22
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Gibb AA, Murray EK, Huynh AT, Gaspar RB, Ploesch TL, Bedi K, Lombardi AA, Lorkiewicz PK, Roy R, Arany Z, Kelly DP, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Glutaminolysis is Essential for Myofibroblast Persistence and In Vivo Targeting Reverses Fibrosis and Cardiac Dysfunction in Heart Failure. Circulation 2022; 145:1625-1628. [PMID: 35605036 PMCID: PMC9179236 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Anh T. Huynh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ryan B. Gaspar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Tori L. Ploesch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ken Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Lombardi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K. Lorkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Daniel P. Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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23
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Lazaropoulos MP, Elrod JW. Mitochondria in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling. Curr Opin Physiol 2022; 25:100489. [PMID: 35274068 PMCID: PMC8903307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling is often precipitated by chronic stress or injury inflicted upon the heart during the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria play an important role in the cardiomyocyte response to stress by serving as a signaling hub for changes in cellular energetics, redox balance, contractile function, and cell death. Cardiac remodeling involves alterations to mitochondrial form and function that are either compensatory to maintain contractility or maladaptive, which promotes heart failure progression. In this mini-review, we focus on three mitochondrial processes that contribution to cardiac remodeling: Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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24
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Ali M, Zhang X, LaCanna R, Tomar D, Elrod JW, Tian Y. MICU1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates lung alveolar type 2 cell plasticity and lung regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154447. [PMID: 35050901 PMCID: PMC8876408 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are progenitors for alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Although many factors regulate AT2 cell plasticity, the role of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake in controlling AT2 cells remains unclear. We previously identified that the miR-302 family supports lung epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and less differentiated phenotypes during development. Here, we report that a sustained elevation of miR-302 in adult AT2 cells decreases AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during the Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced lung injury repair. We identified that miR-302 targets and represses the expression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1), which regulates mCa2+ uptake through the mCa2+ uniporter channel by acting as a gatekeeper at low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results reveal a marked increase in MICU1 protein expression and decreased mCa2+ uptake during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in the adult lung. Deletion of Micu1 in AT2 cells reduces AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during steady-state tissue maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after bacterial pneumonia. These studies indicate that mCa2+ uptake is extensively modulated during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation and that MICU1-dependent mCa2+ uniporter channel gating is a prominent mechanism modulating AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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25
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Huang G, Cheng Z, Hildebrand A, Wang C, Cimini M, Roy R, Lucchese AM, Benedict C, Mallaredy V, Magadum A, Joladarashi D, Thej C, Gonzalez C, Trungcao M, Garikipati VNS, Elrod JW, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Diabetes impairs cardioprotective function of endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles via H3K9Ac inhibition. Theranostics 2022; 12:4415-4430. [PMID: 35673580 PMCID: PMC9169353 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic patients results in higher mortality and morbidity. We and others have previously shown that bone marrow-endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote cardiac neovascularization and attenuate ischemic injury. Lately, small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major paracrine effectors mediating the benefits of stem cell therapy. Modest clinical outcomes of autologous cell-based therapies suggest diabetes-induced EPC dysfunction and may also reflect their EV derivatives. Moreover, studies suggest that post-translational histone modifications promote diabetes-induced vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that diabetic EPC-EVs may lose their post-injury cardiac reparative function by modulating histone modification in endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: We collected EVs from the culture medium of EPCs isolated from non-diabetic (db/+) and diabetic (db/db) mice and examined their effects on recipient ECs and cardiomyocytes in vitro, and their reparative function in permanent ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardial ischemic injuries in vivo. Results: Compared to db/+ EPC-EVs, db/db EPC-EVs promoted EC and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and repressed tube-forming capacity of ECs. In vivo, db/db EPC-EVs depressed cardiac function, reduced capillary density, and increased fibrosis compared to db/+ EPC-EV treatments after MI. Moreover, in the I/R MI model, db/+ EPC-EV-mediated acute cardio-protection was lost with db/db EPC-EVs, and db/db EPC-EVs increased immune cell infiltration, infarct area, and plasma cardiac troponin-I. Mechanistically, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) was significantly decreased in cardiac ECs treated with db/db EPC-EVs compared to db/+ EPC-EVs. The H3K9Ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) results further revealed that db/db EPC-EVs reduced H3K9Ac level on angiogenic, cell survival, and proliferative genes in cardiac ECs. We found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), partly restored diabetic EPC-EV-impaired H3K9Ac levels, tube formation and viability of ECs, and enhanced cell survival and proliferative genes, Pdgfd and Sox12, expression. Moreover, we observed that VPA treatment improved db/db EPC-mediated post-MI cardiac repair and functions. Conclusions: Our findings unravel that diabetes impairs EPC-EV reparative function in the ischemic heart, at least partially, through HDACs-mediated H3K9Ac downregulation leading to transcriptional suppression of angiogenic, proliferative and cell survival genes in recipient cardiac ECs. Thus, HDAC inhibitors may potentially be used to restore the function of diabetic EPC and other stem cells for autologous cell therapy applications.
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Schena GJ, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Headrick AL, Yang Y, Koch KA, Kubo H, Eaton D, Johnson J, Berretta R, Mohsin S, Kishore R, McKinsey TA, Elrod JW, Houser SR. Cortical bone stem cell-derived exosomes' therapeutic effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1014-H1029. [PMID: 34623184 PMCID: PMC8793944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Heart failure is a complex syndrome caused by numerous diseases, including severe myocardial infarction (MI). MI occurs after an occlusion of a cardiac artery causing downstream ischemia. MI is followed by cardiac remodeling involving extensive remodeling and fibrosis, which, if the original insult is severe or prolonged, can ultimately progress into heart failure. There is no "cure" for heart failure because therapies to regenerate dead tissue are not yet available. Previous studies have shown that in both post-MI and post-ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models of heart failure, administration of cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) treatment leads to a reduction in scar size and improved cardiac function. Our first study investigated the ability of mouse CBSC-derived exosomes (mCBSC-dEXO) to recapitulate mouse CBSCs (mCBSC) therapeutic effects in a 24-h post-I/R model. This study showed that injection of mCBSCs and mCBSC-dEXOs into the ischemic region of an infarct had a protective effect against I/R injury. mCBSC-dEXOs recapitulated the effects of CBSC treatment post-I/R, indicating exosomes are partly responsible for CBSC's beneficial effects. To examine if exosomes decrease fibrotic activation, adult rat ventricular fibroblasts (ARVFs) and adult human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCFs) were treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) to activate fibrotic signaling before treatment with mCBSC- and human CBSC (hCBSC)-dEXOs. hCBSC-dEXOs caused a 100-fold decrease in human fibroblast activation. To further understand the signaling mechanisms regulating the protective decrease in fibrosis, we performed RNA sequencing on the NHCFs after hCBSC-dEXO treatment. The group treated with both TGFβ and exosomes showed a decrease in small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), known to be involved with ribosome stability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work is noteworthy due to the identification of factors within stem cell-derived exosomes (dEXOs) that alter fibroblast activation through the hereto-unknown mechanism of decreasing small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) signaling within cardiac fibroblasts. The study also shows that the injection of stem cells or a stem-cell-derived exosome therapy at the onset of reperfusion elicits cardioprotection, emphasizing the importance of early treatment in the post-ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) wounded heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana J Schena
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alycia N Hildebrand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaina L Headrick
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith A Koch
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Joseph LC, Reyes MV, Homan EA, Gowen B, Avula UMR, Goulbourne CN, Wan EY, Elrod JW, Morrow JP. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter promotes arrhythmias caused by high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17808. [PMID: 34497331 PMCID: PMC8426388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes increase the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. However, the molecular mechanisms of arrhythmia caused by metabolic abnormalities are not well understood. We hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by high fat diet (HFD) promotes ventricular arrhythmia. Based on our previous work showing that saturated fat causes calcium handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes, we hypothesized that mitochondrial calcium uptake contributes to HFD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and arrhythmic events. For experiments, we used mice with conditional cardiac-specific deletion of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (Mcu), which is required for mitochondrial calcium uptake, and littermate controls. Mice were used for in vivo heart rhythm monitoring, perfused heart experiments, and isolated cardiomyocyte experiments. MCU KO mice are protected from HFD-induced long QT, inducible ventricular tachycardia, and abnormal ventricular repolarization. Abnormal repolarization may be due, at least in part, to a reduction in protein levels of voltage gated potassium channels. Furthermore, isolated cardiomyocytes from MCU KO mice exposed to saturated fat are protected from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormal calcium handling. Activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) corresponds with the increase in arrhythmias in vivo. Additional experiments showed that CaMKII inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by saturated fat. Hearts from transgenic CaMKII inhibitor mice were protected from inducible ventricular tachycardia after HFD. These studies identify mitochondrial dysfunction caused by calcium overload as a key mechanism of arrhythmia during HFD. This work indicates that MCU and CaMKII could be therapeutic targets for arrhythmia caused by metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy C Joseph
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael V Reyes
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edwin A Homan
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Blake Gowen
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Uma Mahesh R Avula
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, PH10-203, 650 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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29
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Murashige D, Jang C, Neinast M, Levin M, Jung JW, Lambert JP, Garbincius J, Kim B, Marti-Pamies I, Flam E, Hoshino A, Yang S, Roberts E, Li L, Assoian RK, Elrod JW, Rabinowitz J, Arany Z. Abstract P388: Extra-cardiac BCAA Catabolism Lowers Blood Pressure And Protects From Heart Failure. Circ Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/res.129.suppl_1.p388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic activation of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is protective in numerous models of heart failure (HF). How this protection occurs has remained unclear, although a causative block in cardiac BCAA oxidation has been proposed. We use here in vivo heavy isotope infusion studies to show that cardiac preference for BCAA oxidation increases, rather than decreases, in multiple models of HF. We use various genetic models to show that cardiac-specific activation of BCAA oxidation does not protect from HF, even though systemic activation of BCAA oxidation does. Lowering plasma and cardiac BCAAs by genetic means is also not sufficient to confer protection comparable to that conferred by pharmacologic activation of BCAA oxidation, suggesting alternative mechanisms of protection. Surprisingly, telemetry and invasive hemodynamic studies showed that pharmacological activation of BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure, a well-established cardioprotective mechanism. The effects on blood pressure occurred independently of nitric oxide (NO), and reflected a vascular resistance to adrenergic constriction. Finally, mendelian randomization studies revealed that elevations in plasma BCAAs portend higher blood pressure in large human cohorts. Together, these data indicate that activation of BCAA oxidation lowers blood pressure and protects from heart failure independently of any direct effects on the heart itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boa Kim
- Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Emily Flam
- UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Gibb AA, Murray EK, Eaton DM, Huynh AT, Tomar D, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Berretta RM, Wallner M, Houser SR, Elrod JW. Molecular Signature of HFpEF: Systems Biology in a Cardiac-Centric Large Animal Model. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:650-672. [PMID: 34466752 PMCID: PMC8385567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study the authors used systems biology to define progressive changes in metabolism and transcription in a large animal model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Transcriptomic analysis of cardiac tissue, 1-month post-banding, revealed loss of electron transport chain components, and this was supported by changes in metabolism and mitochondrial function, altogether signifying alterations in oxidative metabolism. Established HFpEF, 4 months post-banding, resulted in changes in intermediary metabolism with normalized mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic deficiencies were noted in skeletal muscle at early and late phases of disease, suggesting cardiac-derived signaling contributes to peripheral tissue maladaptation in HFpEF. Collectively, these results provide insights into the cellular biology underlying HFpEF progression.
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Key Words
- BCAA, branched chain amino acids
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FC, fold change
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- LA, left atrial
- LAV, left atrial volume
- LV, left ventricle/ventricular
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- RI, retention index
- UPLC, ultraperformance liquid chromatography
- heart failure
- m/z, mass to charge ratio
- metabolomics
- mitochondria
- preserved ejection fraction
- systems biology
- transcriptomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah M. Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anh T. Huynh
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Remus M. Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Steven R. Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr John W. Elrod, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad Street, MERB 949, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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31
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Dietsche F, Zhang L, Elrod JW, Methner A. MICU1 opens the gates to cold-induced death. Cell Calcium 2021; 98:102451. [PMID: 34343855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nakamura et al. recently discovered that the mitochondrial calcium uniporter gatekeeper, MICU1, is required for cold-induced ferroptotic cell death by modulating mitochondrial membrane potential. This function appears to be independent of its Ca2+-sensing ability. Here, we discuss their findings and suggest next steps to define MICU1's role in ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Dietsche
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University. 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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32
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Jadiya P, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34233766 PMCID: PMC8262011 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Zamani P, Proto EA, Wilson N, Fazelinia H, Ding H, Spruce LA, Davila A, Hanff TC, Mazurek JA, Prenner SB, Desjardins B, Margulies KB, Kelly DP, Arany Z, Doulias PT, Elrod JW, Allen ME, McCormack SE, Schur GM, D'Aquilla K, Kumar D, Thakuri D, Prabhakaran K, Langham MC, Poole DC, Seeholzer SH, Reddy R, Ischiropoulos H, Chirinos JA. Multimodality assessment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction skeletal muscle reveals differences in the machinery of energy fuel metabolism. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2698-2712. [PMID: 33991175 PMCID: PMC8318475 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle (SkM) abnormalities may impact exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to quantify differences in SkM oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OxPhos), fibre composition, and the SkM proteome between HFpEF, hypertensive (HTN), and healthy participants. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-nine subjects (20 healthy, 19 HTN, and 20 HFpEF) performed a maximal-effort cardiopulmonary exercise test to define peak oxygen consumption (VO2, peak ), ventilatory threshold (VT), and VO2 efficiency (ratio of total work performed to O2 consumed). SkM OxPhos was assessed using Creatine Chemical-Exchange Saturation Transfer (CrCEST, n = 51), which quantifies unphosphorylated Cr, before and after plantar flexion exercise. The half-time of Cr recovery (t1/2, Cr ) was taken as a metric of in vivo SkM OxPhos. In a subset of subjects (healthy = 13, HTN = 9, and HFpEF = 12), percutaneous biopsy of the vastus lateralis was performed for myofibre typing, mitochondrial morphology, and proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. HFpEF subjects demonstrated lower VO2,peak , VT, and VO2 efficiency than either control group (all P < 0.05). The t1/2, Cr was significantly longer in HFpEF (P = 0.005), indicative of impaired SkM OxPhos, and correlated with cycle ergometry exercise parameters. HFpEF SkM contained fewer Type I myofibres (P = 0.003). Proteomic analyses demonstrated (a) reduced levels of proteins related to OxPhos that correlated with exercise capacity and (b) reduced ERK signalling in HFpEF. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients demonstrate impaired functional capacity and SkM OxPhos. Reductions in the proportions of Type I myofibres, proteins required for OxPhos, and altered phosphorylation signalling in the SkM may contribute to exercise intolerance in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Zamani
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proto
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil Wilson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Davila
- Penn Acute Care Research Collaboration, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas C Hanff
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy A Mazurek
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stuart B Prenner
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benoit Desjardins
- Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kevin D'Aquilla
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deepa Thakuri
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Steven H Seeholzer
- Proteomics Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of
Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of
Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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35
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Saxena R, Saribas S, Jadiya P, Tomar D, Kaminski R, Elrod JW, Safak M. Human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus, agnoprotein targets mitochondrion and modulates its functions. Virology 2021; 553:135-153. [PMID: 33278736 PMCID: PMC7847276 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
JC virus encodes an important regulatory protein, known as Agnoprotein (Agno). We have recently reported Agno's first protein-interactome with its cellular partners revealing that it targets various cellular networks and organelles, including mitochondria. Here, we report further characterization of the functional consequences of its mitochondrial targeting and demonstrated its co-localization with the mitochondrial networks and with the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of Agno and its dimerization domain together play major roles in this targeting. Data also showed alterations in various mitochondrial functions in Agno-positive cells; including a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration rates and ATP production. In contrast, a substantial increase in ROS production and Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondria were also observed. Finally, findings also revealed a significant decrease in viral replication when Agno MTS was deleted, highlighting a role for MTS in the function of Agno during the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Saxena
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sami Saribas
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Mahmut Safak
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is known to stimulate mitochondrial bioenergetics through the modulation of TCA cycle dehydrogenases and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. This is hypothesized to be an essential pathway of energetic control to meet cellular ATP demand. While regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium uptake have been reported, it remains unknown if metabolite flux itself feedsback to regulate mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake. This hypothesis was recently tested by Nemani et al. (Sci. Signal. 2020) where the authors report that TCA cycle substrate flux regulates the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel gatekeeper, mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), gene transcription in an early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) dependent fashion. They posit this is a regulatory feedback mechanism to control ionic homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics with changing fuel availability. Here, we provide a historical overview of mitochondrial calcium exchange and comprehensive appraisal of these results in the context of recent literature and discuss possible regulatory pathways of mCa2+ uptake and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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37
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. Abstract 506: Enhanced Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake During Chronic β-adrenergic Stimulation Causes Maladaptive Remodeling and Impaired Left Ventricular Function Independent of Cyclophilin D-mediated Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) forms the pore of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) and is required for rapid mitochondrial Ca
2+
(
m
Ca
2+
) uptake. MCU is necessary to increase cardiac energetics to fuel an increase in cardiac contractility during acute sympathetic stimulation. However, little is known about how MCU-dependent Ca
2+
flux may contribute to the heart’s adaptations to chronic stress. We therefore compared mice with adult cardiomyocyte (ACM)-specific loss (
Mcu
fl/fl
; Mcu-cKO) or gain (CAG-CAT-MCU; MCU-Tg) of MCU function to examine the role of MCU-dependent
m
Ca
2+
uptake in a model of chronic catecholamine overload.
In vitro
characterization of ACMs confirmed that MCU overexpression enhanced and
Mcu
deletion inhibited acute
m
Ca
2+
uptake. Neither loss nor gain of MCU function altered baseline contractile function
in vivo
. In αMHC-MCM control mice, fractional shortening was transiently increased after 2 days of isoproterenol infusion. This initial increase in contractility was attenuated in MCU-cKO mice. In contrast, MCU-Tg mice exhibited decreased fractional shortening at 7 and 14 days of isoproterenol infusion. This detrimental effect on contractile function was associated with increased LV dilation, HW/BW ratio, and lung edema. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes
in vitro
exhibited increased ROS production and a trend towards increased cell death upon elevation of cytosolic Ca
2+
with ionomycin. These data prompted us to test the hypothesis that isoproterenol-induced contractile dysfunction in MCU-Tg hearts is caused by cardiomyocyte dropout due to
m
Ca
2+
overload and mitochondrial permeability transition. However, genetic deletion of the mPTP component cyclophilin D did not prevent the decline in contractile function, diminish cardiomyocyte death, or attenuate LV remodeling in MCU-Tg animals during chronic isoproterenol infusion. We conclude that although mtCU-dependent
m
Ca
2+
uptake is essential for early energetic adaptations to high adrenergic load, under conditions of chronic adrenergic stress it is maladaptive and predisposes to heart failure. Our data suggest that this maladaptive response occurs via mechanisms independent of cyclophilin D-mediated permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam S Mangold
- Lewis Katz Sch of Medicine at Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma K Murray
- Lewis Katz Sch of Medicine at Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Pooja Jadiya
- Lewis Katz Sch of Medicine at Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- Lewis Katz Sch of Medicine at Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
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38
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast formation is a physiological response to acute injury, such as myocardial infarction, myofibroblast persistence, as occurs in heart failure, contributes to maladaptive remodeling and progressive functional decline. Although traditional pathways of activation, such as TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and AngII (angiotensin II), have been well characterized, less understood are the alterations in mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism that are necessary to initiate and sustain myofibroblast formation and function. In this review, we highlight recent reports detailing the mitochondrial and metabolic mechanisms that contribute to myofibroblast differentiation, persistence, and function with the hope of identifying novel therapeutic targets to treat, and potentially reverse, tissue organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P Lazaropoulos
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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39
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Elrod JW. The debate continues - What is the role of MCU and mitochondrial calcium uptake in the heart? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:163-174. [PMID: 32353353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in 2011, several studies utilizing genetic models have attempted to decipher the role of mitochondrial calcium uptake in cardiac physiology. Confounding results in various mutant mouse models have led to an ongoing debate regarding the function of MCU in the heart. In this review, we evaluate and discuss the totality of evidence for mitochondrial calcium uptake in the cardiac stress response and highlight recent reports that implicate MCU in the control of homeostatic cardiac metabolism and function. This review concludes with a discussion of current gaps in knowledge and remaining experiments to define how MCU contributes to contractile function, cell death, metabolic regulation, and heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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40
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Lambert JP, Murray EK, Elrod JW. MCUB and mitochondrial calcium uptake - modeling, function, and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:163-169. [PMID: 32093523 PMCID: PMC7078044 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1732926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Yellamilli A, Ren Y, McElmurry RT, Lambert JP, Gross P, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Elrod JW, Tolar J, Garry DJ, van Berlo JH. Abcg2-expressing side population cells contribute to cardiomyocyte renewal through fusion. FASEB J 2020; 34:5642-5657. [PMID: 32100368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, identification of endogenous cells and mechanisms that contribute to cardiac regeneration is essential for the development of targeted therapies. The side population (SP) phenotype has been used to enrich for stem cells throughout the body; however, SP cells isolated from the heart have been studied exclusively in cell culture or after transplantation, limiting our understanding of their function in vivo. We generated a new Abcg2-driven lineage-tracing mouse model with efficient labeling of SP cells. Labeled SP cells give rise to terminally differentiated cells in bone marrow and intestines. In the heart, labeled SP cells give rise to lineage-traced cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions with an increase in this contribution following cardiac injury. Instead of differentiating into cardiomyocytes like proposed cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac SP cells fuse with preexisting cardiomyocytes to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Our study is the first to show that fusion between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, identified by the SP phenotype, contribute to endogenous cardiac regeneration by triggering cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry in the adult mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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42
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De La Fuente S, Lambert JP, Nichtova Z, Fernandez Sanz C, Elrod JW, Sheu SS, Csordás G. Spatial Separation of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake and Extrusion for Energy-Efficient Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Heart. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3099-3107.e4. [PMID: 30231993 PMCID: PMC6226263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ elevations enhance ATP production, but uptake must be balanced by efflux to avoid overload. Uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (MCUC), and extrusion is controlled largely by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), both driven electrogenically by the inner membrane potential (ΔΨm). MCUC forms hotspots at the cardiac mitochondria-junctional SR (jSR) association to locally receive Ca2+ signals; however, the distribution of NCLX is unknown. Our fractionation-based assays reveal that extensively jSR-associated mitochondrial segments contain a minor portion of NCLX and lack Na+-dependent Ca2+ extrusion. This pattern is retained upon in vivo NCLX overexpression, suggesting extensive targeting to non-jSR-associated submitochondrial domains and functional relevance. In cells with non-polarized MCUC distribution, upon NCLX overexpression the same given increase in matrix Ca2+ expends more ΔΨm. Thus, cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and extrusion are reciprocally polarized, likely to optimize the energy efficiency of local calcium signaling in the beating heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De La Fuente
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Celia Fernandez Sanz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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43
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Ahmad F, Tomar D, Aryal A C S, Elmoselhi AB, Thomas M, Elrod JW, Tilley DG, Force T. Nicotinamide riboside kinase-2 alleviates ischemia-induced heart failure through P38 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165609. [PMID: 31743747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside kinase-2 (NRK-2), a muscle-specific β1 integrin binding protein, predominantly expresses in skeletal muscle with a trace amount expressed in healthy cardiac tissue. NRK-2 expression dramatically increases in mouse and human ischemic heart however, the specific role of NRK-2 in the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiac diseases is unknown. We employed NRK2 knockout (KO) mice to identify the role of NRK-2 in ischemia-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Following myocardial infarction (MI), or sham surgeries, serial echocardiography was performed in the KO and littermate control mice. Cardiac contractile function rapidly declined and left ventricular interior dimension (LVID) was significantly increased in the ischemic KO vs. control mice at 2 weeks post-MI. An increase in mortality was observed in the KO vs. control group. The KO hearts displayed increased cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure reflected by morphometric analysis. Consistently, histological assessment revealed an extensive and thin scar and dilated LV chamber accompanied with elevated fibrosis in the KOs post-MI. Mechanistically, we observed that loss of NRK-2 enhanced p38α activation following ischemic injury. Consistently, ex vivo studies demonstrated that the gain of NRK-2 function suppresses the p38α as well as fibroblast activation (α-SMA expression) upon TGF-β stimulation, and limits cardiomyocytes death upon hypoxia/re‑oxygenation. Collectively our findings show, for the first time, that NRK-2 plays a critical role in heart failure progression following ischemic injury. NRK-2 deficiency promotes post-MI scar expansion, rapid LV chamber dilatation, cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis possibly due to increased p38α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Ahmad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Smriti Aryal A C
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel B Elmoselhi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manfred Thomas
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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44
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Lombardi AA, Gibb AA, Arif E, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Luongo TS, Jadiya P, Murray EK, Lorkiewicz PK, Hajnóczky G, Murphy E, Arany ZP, Kelly DP, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange links metabolism with the epigenome to control cellular differentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4509. [PMID: 31586055 PMCID: PMC6778142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is crucial for the initial healing response but excessive myofibroblast activation leads to pathological fibrosis. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying myofibroblast formation. Here we report that mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a regulatory mechanism in myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis. We demonstrate that fibrotic signaling alters gating of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) in a MICU1-dependent fashion to reduce mCa2+ uptake and induce coordinated changes in metabolism, i.e., increased glycolysis feeding anabolic pathways and glutaminolysis yielding increased α-ketoglutarate (αKG) bioavailability. mCa2+-dependent metabolic reprogramming leads to the activation of αKG-dependent histone demethylases, enhancing chromatin accessibility in loci specific to the myofibroblast gene program, resulting in differentiation. Our results uncover an important role for the mtCU beyond metabolic regulation and cell death and demonstrate that mCa2+ signaling regulates the epigenome to influence cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Lombardi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Andrew A Gibb
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- Department of Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology, MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zoltan P Arany
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Translational Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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45
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Lambert JP, Luongo TS, Tomar D, Jadiya P, Gao E, Zhang X, Lucchese AM, Kolmetzky DW, Shah NS, Elrod JW. MCUB Regulates the Molecular Composition of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Channel to Limit Mitochondrial Calcium Overload During Stress. Circulation 2019; 140:1720-1733. [PMID: 31533452 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.037968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) is an ≈700-kD multisubunit channel residing in the inner mitochondrial membrane required for mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake. Here, we detail the contribution of MCUB, a paralog of the pore-forming subunit MCU, in mtCU regulation and function and for the first time investigate the relevance of MCUB to cardiac physiology. METHODS We created a stable MCUB knockout cell line (MCUB-/-) using CRISPR-Cas9n technology and generated a cardiac-specific, tamoxifen-inducible MCUB mutant mouse (CAG-CAT-MCUB x MCM; MCUB-Tg) for in vivo assessment of cardiac physiology and response to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Live-cell imaging and high-resolution spectrofluorometery were used to determine intracellular Ca2+ exchange and size-exclusion chromatography; blue native page and immunoprecipitation studies were used to determine the molecular function and impact of MCUB on the high-molecular-weight mtCU complex. RESULTS Using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we show that MCUB expression displaces MCU from the functional mtCU complex and thereby decreases the association of mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 and 2 (MICU1/2) to alter channel gating. These molecular changes decrease MICU1/2-dependent cooperative activation of the mtCU, thereby decreasing mCa2+ uptake. Furthermore, we show that MCUB incorporation into the mtCU is a stress-responsive mechanism to limit mCa2+ overload during cardiac injury. Indeed, overexpression of MCUB is sufficient to decrease infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, MCUB incorporation into the mtCU does come at a cost; acute decreases in mCa2+ uptake impair mitochondrial energetics and contractile function. CONCLUSIONS We detail a new regulatory mechanism to modulate mtCU function and mCa2+ uptake. Our results suggest that MCUB-dependent changes in mtCU stoichiometry are a prominent regulatory mechanism to modulate mCa2+ uptake and cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neil S Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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46
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Jadiya P, Kolmetzky DW, Tomar D, Di Meco A, Lombardi AA, Lambert JP, Luongo TS, Ludtmann MH, Praticò D, Elrod JW. Impaired mitochondrial calcium efflux contributes to disease progression in models of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3885. [PMID: 31467276 PMCID: PMC6715724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in neuronal intracellular calcium (iCa2+) handling may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Metabolic dysfunction and progressive neuronal loss are associated with AD progression, and mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is a key regulator of both of these processes. Here, we report remodeling of the mCa2+ exchange machinery in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with AD. In the 3xTg-AD mouse model impaired mCa2+ efflux capacity precedes neuropathology. Neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene) accelerated memory decline and increased amyloidosis and tau pathology. Further, genetic rescue of neuronal NCLX in 3xTg-AD mice is sufficient to impede AD-associated pathology and memory loss. We show that mCa2+ overload contributes to AD progression by promoting superoxide generation, metabolic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. These results provide a link between the calcium dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction hypotheses of AD and suggest mCa2+ exchange as potential therapeutic target in AD. Dysregulation of intracellular calcium is reported in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors show that loss of the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX – primary route of mitochondrial calcium efflux, precedes neuronal pathology in experimental models and contributes to Alzheimer’s disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Devin W Kolmetzky
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Antonio Di Meco
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Alyssa A Lombardi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Marthe H Ludtmann
- Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, Kings Cross, London, UK
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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47
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Murashige DS, Jang C, Neinast MD, Elrod JW, Kelly DP, Rabinowitz JD, Frankel DS, Arany ZP. Abstract 562: Comprehensive Arteriovenous Metabolomics in the Human Heart. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Despite broad interest in the role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of heart failure, a definitive account of fuel use by the beating human heart
in situ
is lacking. We therefore determined the uptake and release of over 270 metabolites by simultaneous sampling of arterial, coronary sinus, and femoral venous blood in 100 patients.
Methods:
We enrolled 100 patients (60% male, 12% diabetic, age = 63.6 +/- 13.5 years, BMI = 29.75 +/- 6.1, EF = 57.14 +/- 6.48) undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify over 270 metabolites in plasma from coronary sinus, femoral vein, and arterial blood. We also measured O
2
and CO
2
concentration, as well as atrial pressure.
Results:
We detected uptake or release of 77 metabolites by the heart and 136 metabolites across the leg (p <0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg correction). We determined the cardiac extraction of all major fuel sources, including 29 fatty acids, 11 amino acids, lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Several patterns emerge: first, while the leg extracts glucose (FV/A = 0.95, q = 4.7x10-14) and releases lactate (FV/A = 1.11, q = 2.87x10-14), the heart extracts lactate (CS/A = 0.95, q = 3.77x10-9) and neither extracts nor secretes glucose. Second, while the leg releases nearly all fatty acid and amino acid species, the heart consumes most fatty acids and certain non-essential amino acids. Third, extraction of unsaturated acylcarnitines correlates with left atrial pressure (p<0.01). Finally, we find a significant positive correlation between myocardial O2 consumption and extraction of ketones (p < 0.01), but not other major cardiac fuels.
Conclusion:
We present the most comprehensive study to date of metabolite use and secretion by the human heart. We find the heart to be an avid consumer of fatty acids and ketone bodies, but less so of glucose and essential amino acids. Consumption of ketones increases with O2 consumption, suggesting that ketones may be a preferential fuel source under high work loads. Extraction of certain acylcarnitines increases with left atrial pressure, indicating metabolic reprogramming under high filling pressures. In summary, we provide the first comprehensive model of fuel use by the beating human heart in situ.
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48
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Gibb AA, Lombardi AA, Murray EK, Tan Y, Lorkiewicz PK, Huynh AT, Kolmetzky DW, Arany Z, Kelly DP, Margulies KB, Hill BG, Elrod JW. Abstract 517: Glutaminolysis is Required to Initiate Myofibroblast Differentiation and Persistence During Stress. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs in ischemic heart failure, genetic cardiomyopathies, diabetes, and aging. While initially considered reparative, resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activation/differentiation to myofibroblasts provide contractile and integral support; however, persistent activation leads to progressive cardiac dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling. Recent reports implicate acute and/or chronic changes in metabolism as a central driver for many cellular differentiation programs. Indeed, metabolite bioavailability is directly linked to the activity of epigenetic-modifying enzymes implicated in lineage commitment and differentiation. We recently identified αKG-dependent lysine demethylases as key contributors to myofibroblast formation. Here, TGFβ stimulated fibroblasts isolated from adult mouse hearts were subjected to next-gen sequencing methodologies (RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and RRBS-seq) to identify dynamic modifications in chromatin architecture and DNA accessibility at gene loci critical to the myofibroblast gene program. Utilizing unbiased and stable-isotope metabolomics, we correlated chromatin remodeling with a significant decrease in abundance/utilization of s-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor for cytosine and histone methylation. In addition, a significant increase in αKG abundance driven by enhanced glutaminolysis was observed. To investigate the significance of glutaminolysis and enhanced αKG biosynthesis, we treated CFs with a glutaminase inhibitor (CB-839) and evaluated differentiation. Treatment with CB-839 in the presence of TGFβ prevented activation of the fibrotic gene program (RT-qPCR) and myofibroblast formation. Furthermore, following TGFβ-induced differentiation, inhibition of glutaminolysis was sufficient to revert activated myofibroblasts to a quiescent non-fibrotic phenotype, even during sustained stress. Importantly, this phenomenon is reproducible in CFs derived from human HF patients. Collectively, these results suggest a primary role for metabolism in not only initiating differentiation, but also the persistence of myofibroblasts, potentially through epigenetic-dependent gene transcription, providing new therapeutic targets to treat fibrosis.
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49
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Tomar D, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky D, Thomas M, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. Abstract 101: Identification of Novel MICU1 Interactors Independent of the mtCU Complex. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MICU1 is an EF-hand containing mitochondrial protein that gates the mitochondrial Ca
2+
uniporter complex (mtCU) and directly interacts with the pore-forming subunit MCU. Previous studies have shown perinatal lethality and altered mitochondrial architecture in MICU1 knockout (
Micu1
-/-
) mice, phenotypes that are distinct from other knockout models of mtCU components, such as MCU, and thus are likely not explained solely by changes in matrix [Ca
2+
] uptake. Further, our proteomic studies suggest that MICU1 exists in mitochondrial complexes void of MCU. This suggests that MICU1 may have cellular functions independent of mtCU regulation. To discern novel MICU1 molecular interactors we employed a biotinylation-based proteomic approach in
Mcu
-/-
and
Micu1
-/-
cells to detect proteins interacting with MICU1 using fusion protein containing BioID2, a small biotin ligase for proximity-dependent labeling. Expression of MICU1-BioID2 in
Mcu
-/-
cells allowed the identification of mtCU-independent interactors. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), blue native-PAGE, co-immunoprecipitation, live-cell Ca
2+
imaging, confocal and super-resolution imaging methods were used to confirm novel roles for MICU1 in mitochondrial biology. LC-MS analysis of biotinylated proteins after avidin-based purification identified the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) components IMMT, CHCHD2, and CHCHD3 as interacting with MICU1 (MICU1-BioD2 expressed in Micu1
-/-
cells to avoid aberrant expression). These same MICOS components were identified in MCU
-/-
cells, suggesting that MICU1 could be involved in the regulation of MICOS independent of the mtCU. Further, the deletion of CHCHD2 resulted in the loss of MICOS and cristae disorganization without any observable effect on
m
Ca
2+
uptake. RNA sequencing revealed correlative expression changes in MICU1 and MICOS components in response to heart failure progression during transverse aortic constriction and myocardial infarction. These results suggest MICU1 likely serves cellular functions independent of the mtCU and may serve as a key regulator of Ca
2+
-dependent signaling (EF-hands) in other cellular processes that are dysregulated during heart failure.
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50
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Kolmetzky DW, Hildebrand AN, Elrod JW. Abstract 851: NCLX Expression Attenuates Pathological Remodeling in Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy and Non-ischemic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (
m
Ca
2+
) uptake couples acute changes in cardiomyocyte bioenergetic demand to ATP production, but in excess triggers mitochondrial permeability transition and cardiomyocyte necrosis, as occurs during cardiac injury. Despite established roles for
m
Ca
2+
flux in response to acute stress, the role of
m
Ca
2+
signaling in chronic stress is poorly defined. As
m
Ca
2+
regulates the TCA cycle with the potential to affect mitochondrial signaling and/or metabolite pools required for biosynthesis, we reasoned that altered
m
Ca
2+
homeostasis may be an essential mechanism underlying hypertrophic growth and remodeling of the myocardium. Here, we used mice with cardiac-specific overexpression (OE) of the mitochondrial Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger (NCLX), the primary mediator of
m
Ca
2+
efflux in the heart, to test the hypothesis that
m
Ca
2+
signaling contributes to cardiac remodeling during sustained hemodynamic stress. We subjected NCLX OE (TRE-NCLX x α-MHC-tTA) and control (αMHC-tTA) mice to 12-wk transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or 4-wk infusion with angiotensin II + phenylephrine (AngII/PE) as experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy and non-ischemic heart failure. Cardiac function of NCLX OE and control mice was monitored throughout these studies via echocardiography and remodeling was assessed via tissue gravimetrics, histology, and qPCR gene expression analysis. Cardiac NCLX OE preserved ejection fraction, prevented afterload-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuated the induction of both hypertrophic (
Nppa
,
Nppb
,
Acta1
) and fibrotic (
Postn1
,
Spp1
) gene programs in mice subjected to 12-wk TAC. Examination at 2-wk post-TAC revealed attenuated hypertrophy and blunted hypertrophic and fibrotic gene expression in NCLX OE mice. These data indicate that increased capacity for
m
Ca
2+
efflux mitigates TAC-induced remodeling, prior to the development of contractile dysfunction. NCLX OE similarly attenuated atrial hypertrophy and the induction of hypertrophic and fibrotic gene programs in mice infused with AngII/PE. Together, these findings support a critical role for
m
Ca
2+
in driving pathological remodeling in non-ischemic heart disease and point to NCLX as a potent therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John W Elrod
- Lewis Katz Sch of Medicine at Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA
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