1
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Lembo A, Molinaro A, De Castro C, Berti F, Biagini M. Impact of glycosylation on viral vaccines. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122402. [PMID: 39048237 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prominent modification important for vaccines and its specific pattern depends on several factors that need to be considered when developing a new biopharmaceutical. Tailor-made glycosylation can be exploited to develop more effective and safer vaccines; for this reason, a deep understanding of both glycoengineering strategies and glycans structures and functions is required. In this review we discuss the recent advances concerning glycoprotein expression systems and the explanation of glycans immunomodulation mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight how glycans tune the immunological properties among different vaccines platforms (whole virus, recombinant protein, nucleic acid), also comparing commercially available formulations and describing the state-of-the-art analytical technologies for glycosylation analysis. The whole review stresses the aspect of glycoprotein glycans as a potential tool to overcome nowadays medical needs in vaccine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lembo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Pham NT, Zhang Y, Rakkiyappan R, Manavalan B. HOTGpred: Enhancing human O-linked threonine glycosylation prediction using integrated pretrained protein language model-based features and multi-stage feature selection approach. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108859. [PMID: 39029431 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation is a complex post-translational modification (PTM) in human proteins that plays a critical role in regulating various cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. In contrast to N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation lacks specific sequence features and maintains an unstable core structure. Identifying O-linked threonine glycosylation sites (OTGs) remains challenging, requiring extensive experimental tests. While bioinformatics tools have emerged for predicting OTGs, their reliance on limited conventional features and absence of well-defined feature selection strategies limit their effectiveness. To address these limitations, we introduced HOTGpred (Human O-linked Threonine Glycosylation predictor), employing a multi-stage feature selection process to identify the optimal feature set for accurately identifying OTGs. Initially, we assessed 25 different feature sets derived from various pretrained protein language model (PLM)-based embeddings and conventional feature descriptors using nine classifiers. Subsequently, we integrated the top five embeddings linearly and determined the most effective scoring function for ranking hybrid features, identifying the optimal feature set through a process of sequential forward search. Among the classifiers, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBT)-based model, using the optimal feature set (HOTGpred), achieved 92.03 % accuracy on the training dataset and 88.25 % on the balanced independent dataset. Notably, HOTGpred significantly outperformed the current state-of-the-art methods on both the balanced and imbalanced independent datasets, demonstrating its superior prediction capabilities. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and ablation analyses were conducted to identify the features contributing most significantly to HOTGpred. Finally, we developed an easy-to-navigate web server, accessible at https://balalab-skku.org/HOTGpred/, to support glycobiologists in their research on glycosylation structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Truong Pham
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rajan Rakkiyappan
- Department of Mathematics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chen Q, Tan Z, Tang Y, Fung YME, Chen S, Chen Z, Li X. Comprehensive Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Human Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Extracellular Domain. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39101792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Human programmed cell death protein 1 (hPD-1) is an essential receptor in the immune checkpoint pathway. It has played an important role in cancer therapy. However, not all patients respond positively to the PD-1 antibody treatment, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. PD-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, and its extracellular domain (ECD) is reported to be responsible for interactions and signal transduction. This domain contains 4 N-glycosylation sites and 25 potential O-glycosylation sites, which implicates the importance of glycosylation. The structure of hPD-1 has been intensively studied, but the glycosylation of this protein, especially the glycan on each glycosylation site, has not been comprehensively illustrated. In this study, hPD-1 ECD expressed by human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was analyzed; not only N- and O-glycosylation sites but also the glycans on these sites were comprehensively analyzed using mass spectrometry. In addition, hPD-1 ECD binding to different anti-hPD-1 antibodies was tested, and N-glycans were found functioned differently. All of this glycan information will be beneficial for future PD-1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Chen
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR. China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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4
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Cao X, Ge J, Ma Y, Li H, Han W, Lamont SJ, Sun H. MiR-20a-5p Targeting the TGFBR2 Gene Regulates Inflammatory Response of Chicken Macrophages Infected with Avian Pathogenic E. coli. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2277. [PMID: 39123803 PMCID: PMC11311048 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) causes localized and systemic infections and are a threat to human health. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in inflammation and immune regulation following pathogen invasion. However, the related regulatory mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of chicken microRNA-20a-5p (gga-miR-20a-5p) in host defense against APEC in chickens and the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the expression levels of gga-miR-20a-5p in chicken tissues and cells and observed a significant decrease in expression following APEC infection. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that gga-miR-20a-5p directly targeted transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), specifically by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of TGFBR2. Overexpression of gga-miR-20a-5p markedly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of TGFBR2, whereas inhibition of gga-miR-20a-5p significantly increased expression. Mechanistic investigations revealed that overexpression of gga-miR-20a-5p also attenuated the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8, TNFα, IL6, and IL1β, whereas inhibition of gga-miR-20a-5p had the opposite effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that gga-miR-20a-5p regulates the immune response during APEC infection by targeting TGFBR2, thereby suppressing inflammatory cytokine production. This study provides valuable insights into the role of gga-miR-20a-5p in the host defense against APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiayi Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuyi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225003, China
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Madzharova E, Sabino F, Kalogeropoulos K, Francavilla C, Auf dem Keller U. Substrate O-glycosylation actively regulates extracellular proteolysis. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5128. [PMID: 39074261 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis critically regulates cellular and tissue responses and is often dysregulated in human diseases. The crosstalk between proteolytic processing and other major post-translational modifications (PTMs) is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism to modulate protease activity and maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis. Here, we focus on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated cleavages and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-type of O-glycosylation, two major PTMs of proteins in the extracellular space. We investigated the influence of truncated O-glycan trees, also referred to as Tn antigen, following the inactivation of C1GALT1-specific chaperone 1 (COSMC) on the general and MMP9-specific proteolytic processing in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Quantitative assessment of the proteome and N-terminome using terminal amine isotopic labelling of substrates (TAILS) technology revealed enhanced proteolysis by MMP9 within the extracellular proteomes of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing Tn antigen. In addition, we detected substantial modifications in the proteome and discovered novel ectodomain shedding events regulated by the truncation of O-glycans. These results highlight the critical role of mature O-glycosylation in fine-tuning proteolytic processing and proteome homeostasis by modulating protein susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. These data suggest a complex interplay between proteolysis and O-GalNAc glycosylation, possibly affecting cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeta Madzharova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabio Sabino
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Chiara Francavilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Zhang R, Farshadyeganeh P, Ohkawara B, Nakajima K, Takeda JI, Ito M, Zhang S, Miyasaka Y, Ohno T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Masuda A, Ohno K. Muscle-specific lack of Gfpt1 triggers ER stress to alleviate misfolded protein accumulation. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050768. [PMID: 38903011 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in GFPT1, encoding a key enzyme to synthesize UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), cause congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). We made a knock-in (KI) mouse model carrying a frameshift variant in Gfpt1 exon 9, simulating that found in a patient with CMS. As Gfpt1 exon 9 is exclusively expressed in striated muscles, Gfpt1-KI mice were deficient for Gfpt1 only in skeletal muscles. In Gfpt1-KI mice, (1) UDP-HexNAc, CMP-NeuAc and protein O-GlcNAcylation were reduced in skeletal muscles; (2) aged Gfpt1-KI mice showed poor exercise performance and abnormal neuromuscular junction structures; and (3) markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR) were elevated in skeletal muscles. Denervation-mediated enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in Gfpt1-KI mice facilitated protein folding, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and apoptosis, whereas autophagy was not induced and protein aggregates were markedly increased. Lack of autophagy was accounted for by enhanced degradation of FoxO1 by increased Xbp1-s/u proteins. Similarly, in Gfpt1-silenced C2C12 myotubes, ER stress exacerbated protein aggregates and activated apoptosis, but autophagy was attenuated. In both skeletal muscles in Gfpt1-KI mice and Gfpt1-silenced C2C12 myotubes, maladaptive UPR failed to eliminate protein aggregates and provoked apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchen Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Paniz Farshadyeganeh
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Takeda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8775, Japan
| | - Akio Masuda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
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7
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Lebbad M, Grüttner J, Beser J, Lizana V, Dea-Ayuela MA, Oropeza-Moe M, Carmena D, Stensvold CR. Complete sequencing of the Cryptosporidium suis gp60 gene reveals a novel type of tandem repeats-Implications for surveillance. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105614. [PMID: 38844191 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious enteric disease caused by species (some of them zoonotic) of the genus Cryptosporidium that in many countries are under surveillance. Typing assays critical to the surveillance of cryptosporidiosis typically involve characterization of Cryptosporidium glycoprotein 60 genes (gp60). Here, we characterized the gp60 of Cryptosporidium suis from two samples-a human and a porcine faecal sample-based on which a preliminary typing scheme was developed. A conspicuous feature of the C. suis gp60 was a novel type of tandem repeats located in the 5' end of the gene and that took up 777/1635 bp (48%) of the gene. The C. suis gp60 lacked the classical poly-serine repeats (TCA/TCG/TCT), which is usually subject to major genetic variation, and the length of the tandem repeat made a typing assay incorporating this region based on Sanger sequencing practically unfeasible. We therefore designed a typing assay based on the post-repeat region only and applied it to C. suis-positive samples from suid hosts from Norway, Denmark, and Spain. We were able to distinguish three different subtypes; XXVa-1, XXVa-2, and XXVa-3. Subtype XXVa-1 had a wider geographic distribution than the other subtypes and was also observed in the human sample. We think that the present data will inform future strategies to develop a C. suis typing assay that could be even more informative by including a greater part of the gene, including the tandem repeat region, e.g., by the use of long-read next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lebbad
- Sjöbjörnsvägen, (formerly at the Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Grüttner
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jessica Beser
- Department of Microbiology, Unit of Parasitology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Victor Lizana
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación y Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain; Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marianne Oropeza-Moe
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain; CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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8
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Acharya S, Troell HA, Billingsley RL, Lawrence KS, McKirgan DS, Alkharouf NW, Klink VP. Glycine max polygalacturonase inhibiting protein 11 (GmPGIP11) functions in the root to suppress Heterodera glycines parasitism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108755. [PMID: 38875777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen-secreted polygalacturonases (PGs) alter plant cell wall structure by cleaving the α-(1 → 4) linkages between D-galacturonic acid residues in homogalacturonan (HG), macerating the cell wall, facilitating infection. Plant PG inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) disengage pathogen PGs, impairing infection. The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, obligate root parasite produces secretions, generating a multinucleate nurse cell called a syncytium, a byproduct of the merged cytoplasm of 200-250 root cells, occurring through cell wall maceration. The common cytoplasmic pool, surrounded by an intact plasma membrane, provides a source from which H. glycines derives nourishment but without killing the parasitized cell during a susceptible reaction. The syncytium is also the site of a naturally-occurring defense response that happens in specific G. max genotypes. Transcriptomic analyses of RNA isolated from the syncytium undergoing the process of defense have identified that one of the 11 G. max PGIPs, GmPGIP11, is expressed during defense. Functional transgenic analyses show roots undergoing GmPGIP11 overexpression (OE) experience an increase in its relative transcript abundance (RTA) as compared to the ribosomal protein 21 (GmRPS21) control, leading to a decrease in H. glycines parasitism as compared to the overexpression control. The GmPGIP11 undergoing RNAi experiences a decrease in its RTA as compared to the GmRPS21 control with transgenic roots experiencing an increase in H. glycines parasitism as compared to the RNAi control. Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI) components are shown to influence GmPGIP11 expression while numerous agricultural crops are shown to have homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Acharya
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA; USDA-ARS-NEA-BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004, Room 122, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hallie A Troell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Rebecca L Billingsley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Kathy S Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 209 Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Daniel S McKirgan
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Nadim W Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Vincent P Klink
- USDA-ARS-NEA-BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004, Room 122, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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9
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Zhai K, Dong J, Zeng J, Cheng P, Wu X, Han W, Chen Y, Qiu Z, Zhou Y, Pu J, Jiang T, Du X. Global antigenic landscape and vaccine recommendation strategy for low pathogenic avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses. J Infect 2024; 89:106199. [PMID: 38901571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The sustained circulation of H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) poses a significant threat for contributing to a new pandemic. Given the temporal and spatial uncertainty in the antigenicity of H9N2 AIVs, the immune protection efficiency of vaccines remains challenging. By developing an antigenicity prediction method for H9N2 AIVs, named PREDAC-H9, the global antigenic landscape of H9N2 AIVs was mapped. PREDAC-H9 utilizes the XGBoost model with 14 well-designed features. The XGBoost model was built and evaluated to predict the antigenic relationship between any two viruses with high values of 81.1 %, 81.4 %, 81.3 %, 81.1 %, and 89.4 % in accuracy, precision, recall, F1 value, and area under curve (AUC), respectively. Then the antigenic correlation network (ACnet) was constructed based on the predicted antigenic relationship for H9N2 AIVs from 1966 to 2022, and ten major antigenic clusters were identified. Of these, four novel clusters were generated in China in the past decade, demonstrating the unique complex situation there. To help tackle this situation, we applied PREDAC-H9 to calculate the cluster-transition determining sites and screen out virus strains with the high cross-protective spectrum, thus providing an in silico reference for vaccine recommendation. The proposed model will reduce the clinical monitoring workload and provide a useful tool for surveillance and control of H9N2 AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Jinze Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Peiwen Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Wenjie Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Zekai Qiu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; Department of Molecular and Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69047, Germany
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Juan Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbes & Biosecurity, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, PR China.
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10
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Adame M, Vázquez H, Juárez-López D, Corzo G, Amezcua M, López D, González Z, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Morales-Martínez A, Villegas E. Expression and characterization of scFv-6009FV in Pichia pastoris with improved ability to neutralize the neurotoxin Cn2 from Centruroides noxius. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133461. [PMID: 38945343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Small single-chain variable fragments (scFv) are promising biomolecules to inhibit and neutralize toxins and to act as antivenoms. In this work, we aimed to produce a functional scFv-6009FV in the yeast Pichia pastoris, which inhibits the pure Cn2 neurotoxin and the whole venom of Centruroides noxius. We were able to achieve yields of up to 31.6 ± 2 mg/L in flasks. Furthermore, the protein showed a structure of 6.1 % α-helix, 49.1 % β-sheet, and 44.8 % of random coil by CD. Mass spectrometry confirmed the amino acid sequence and showed no glycosylation profile for this molecule. Purified scFv-6009FV allowed us to develop anti-scFvs in rabbits, which were then used in affinity columns to purify other scFvs. Determination of its half-maximal inhibitory concentration value (IC50) was 40 % better than the scFvs produced by E. coli as a control. Finally, we found that scFv-6009FV was able to inhibit ex vivo the pure Cn2 toxin and the whole venom from C. noxius in murine rescue experiments. These results demonstrated that under the conditions assayed here, P. pastoris is suited to produce scFv-6009FV that, compared to scFvs produced by E. coli, maintains the characteristics of an antibody and neutralizes the Cn2 toxin more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Adame
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Hilda Vázquez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniel Juárez-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mónica Amezcua
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniela López
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Zuriel González
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Adriana Morales-Martínez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elba Villegas
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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11
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Costa GCA, Ribeiro ICT, Giunchetti RC, Gontijo NF, Sant'Anna MRV, Pereira MH, Pessoa GCD, Koerich LB, Oliveira F, Valenzuela JG, Fujiwara RT, Bartholomeu DC, Araujo RN. Gut membrane proteins as candidate antigens for immunization of mice against the tick Amblyomma sculptum. Vaccine 2024:126141. [PMID: 39033080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Amblyomma sculptum is widely distributed in Brazil and is the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of the Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). Tick gut proteins play an essential role in blood feeding, digestion, and protection of gut epithelium. Therefore, many of these were investigated as potential vaccine targets for tick-control strategies. The present study aimed to select transcripts corresponding to putative immunogenic proteins in the A. sculptum gut epithelial membrane, produce recombinant proteins and evaluate them as antigens against A. sculptum infestations. Three gut proteins - AsMucin, AsAPP, and AsLAMP - and a chimeric protein (rAsChimera) based on 22 peptides containing putative B cell epitopes from seven different gut proteins were evaluated as anti-A. sculptum antigens. Mice immunizations revealed that all recombinant targets elicited humoral response with significantly increased IgG levels compared to controls. For rAsChimera, IgG levels remained significantly higher than controls up to 75 days after the end of the immunization. Challenge trials revealed that vaccination with the chimeric protein was the most effective against A. sculptum, inducing 100 % nymph mortality and reaching 80.8 % efficacy against females. The other three proteins did not induce relevant protection, as AsAPP had only 26.6 % efficacy, whereas AsMucin and AsLAMP induced no protection. These data indicate that targeting gut protein immunogenic regions may be an effective strategy for a vaccine formulation againstA. sculptum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C A Costa
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela C T Ribeiro
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo C Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte,Brazil
| | - Nelder F Gontijo
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio R V Sant'Anna
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grasielle C D Pessoa
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Koerich
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniella C Bartholomeu
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Araujo
- Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Zaman S, Lengerer B, Van Lindt J, Saenen I, Russo G, Bossaer L, Carpentier S, Tompa P, Flammang P, Roelants K. Recurrent evolution of adhesive defence systems in amphibians by parallel shifts in gene expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5612. [PMID: 38987280 PMCID: PMC11237159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural selection can drive organisms to strikingly similar adaptive solutions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms often remain unknown. Several amphibians have independently evolved highly adhesive skin secretions (glues) that support a highly effective antipredator defence mechanism. Here we demonstrate that the glue of the Madagascan tomato frog, Dyscophus guineti, relies on two interacting proteins: a highly derived member of a widespread glycoprotein family and a galectin. Identification of homologous proteins in other amphibians reveals that these proteins attained a function in skin long before glues evolved. Yet, major elevations in their expression, besides structural changes in the glycoprotein (increasing its structural disorder and glycosylation), caused the independent rise of glues in at least two frog lineages. Besides providing a model for the chemical functioning of animal adhesive secretions, our findings highlight how recruiting ancient molecular templates may facilitate the recurrent evolution of functional innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Zaman
- Ecology, Evolution & Genetics Research Group (bDIV), Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birgit Lengerer
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- Evolutionary and Developmental Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joris Van Lindt
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB-VUB and Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Indra Saenen
- Ecology, Evolution & Genetics Research Group (bDIV), Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB-VUB and Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Bossaer
- Ecology, Evolution & Genetics Research Group (bDIV), Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Proteomics Core - SyBioMa, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 - 03.313, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Tompa
- Center for Structural Biology, VIB-VUB and Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kim Roelants
- Ecology, Evolution & Genetics Research Group (bDIV), Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Chongsaritsinsuk J, Rangel-Angarita V, Mahoney KE, Lucas TM, Enny OM, Katemauswa M, Malaker SA. Quantification and site-specific analysis of co-occupied N- and O-glycopeptides. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.602348. [PMID: 39005468 PMCID: PMC11245114 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.602348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a complex post-translational modification that is generally classified as N- or O-linked. Site-specific analysis of glycopeptides is accomplished with a variety of fragmentation methods, depending on the type of glycosylation being investigated and the instrumentation available. For instance, collisional dissociation methods are frequently used for N-glycoproteomic analysis with the assumption that one N-sequon exists per tryptic peptide. Alternatively, electron-based methods are indispensable for O-glycosite localization. However, the presence of simultaneously N- and O-glycosylated peptides could suggest the necessity of electron-based fragmentation methods for N-glycoproteomics, which is not commonly performed. Thus, we quantified the prevalence of N- and O-glycopeptides in mucins and other glycoproteins. A much higher frequency of co-occupancy within mucins was detected whereas only a negligible occurrence occurred within non-mucin glycoproteins. This was demonstrated from analyses of recombinant and/or purified proteins, as well as more complex samples. Where co-occupancy occurred, O-glycosites were frequently localized to the Ser/Thr within the N-sequon. Additionally, we found that O-glycans in close proximity to the occupied Asn were predominantly unelaborated core 1 structures, while those further away were more extended. Overall, we demonstrate electron-based methods are required for robust site-specific analysis of mucins, wherein co-occupancy is more prevalent. Conversely, collisional methods are generally sufficient for analyses of other types of glycoproteins.
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14
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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, Linton YM. Novel clades of tick-borne pathogenic nairoviruses in Europe. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 121:105593. [PMID: 38636618 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Orthonairovirus genus (family Nairoviridae) include many tick-borne viruses of significant human and animal health impact, with several recently-documented pathogenic viruses lacking sufficient epidemiological information. We screened 215 adult ticks of seven species collected in Bulgaria, Georgia, Latvia and Poland for orthonairoviruses, followed by nanopore sequencing (NS) for genome characterization. Initial generic amplification revealed Sulina virus (SULV, Orthonairovirus sulinaense), for which an updated amplification assay was used, revealing an overall prevalence of 2.7% in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Latvia. Three complete and additional partial SULV genomes were generated, that consistently formed a separate, distinct clade with further intragroup divergence in the maximum likelihood analyses. Comparisons with previously described viruses from Romania exhibited similar genome topologies, albeit with divergent motifs and cleavage sites on the glycoprotein precursor. Preliminary evidence of recombination involving the S segment was documented, in addition to variations in predicted viral glycoproteins. Generic screening further identified Tacheng tick virus 1 (TCTV1, Orthonairovirus tachengense), with documented human infections, in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Poland, with a prevalence of 0.9%. Subsequent NS and assembly provided the first complete TCTV1 genome outside of China, where it was originally described. Phylogenetic analysis of virus genome segments revealed TCTV1-Poland as a discrete taxon within the TCTV1 cluster in the Orthonairovirus genus, representing a geographically segregated clade. Comparable genome topology with TCTV1 from China was observed, aside from minor variations in the M segment. Similar to SULV, TCTV1 exhibited several mismatches on previously described screening primer binding sites, likely to prevent amplification. These findings indicate presence of novel TCTV1 and SULV clades in Eastern Europe, confirming the expansion of orthonairoviruses with pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Nataliya Vaydayko
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
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15
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Carruthers ER, Grimsey NL. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptor orthologues; in vitro function and perspectives for preclinical to clinical translation. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2247-2269. [PMID: 37349984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists are in development as therapeutic agents, including for immune modulation and pain relief. Despite promising results in rodent preclinical studies, efficacy in human clinical trials has been marginal to date. Fundamental differences in ligand engagement and signalling responses between the human CB2 receptor and preclinical model species orthologues may contribute to mismatches in functional outcomes. This is a tangible possibility for the CB2 receptor in that there is a relatively large degree of primary amino acid sequence divergence between human and rodent. Here, we summarise CB2 receptor gene and protein structure, assess comparative molecular pharmacology between CB2 receptor orthologues, and review the current status of preclinical to clinical translation for drugs targeted at the CB2 receptor, focusing on comparisons between human, mouse and rat receptors. We hope that raising wider awareness of, and proposing strategies to address, this additional challenge in drug development will assist in ongoing efforts toward successful therapeutic translation of drugs targeted at the CB2 receptor. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Carruthers
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Kantaputra P, Panichkul W, Sillapasorn P, Adisornkanj P, Kitsadayurach P, Kaewgaya M, Intachai W, Olsen B, Ngamphiw C, Leethanakul C, Jatooratthawichot P, Ketudat Cairns JR, Tongsima S. LRP4 mutations, dental anomalies, and oral exostoses. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:432-441. [PMID: 38013205 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to generate a normal set of teeth, fine-tuning of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required, in which WNT ligands bind to their inhibitors or WNT inhibitors bind to their co-receptors. Lrp4 regulates the number of teeth and their morphology by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a Wnt/β-catenin activator or inhibitor, depending on its interactions with the partner proteins, such as Sostdc1 and Dkk1. AIM To investigate genetic etiologies of dental anomalies involving LRP4 in a Thai cohort of 250 children and adults with dental anomalies. DESIGN Oral and radiographic examinations and whole exome sequencing were performed for every patient. RESULTS Two novel (p.Leu1356Arg and p.Ala1702Gly) and three recurrent (p.Arg263His, p.Gly1314Ser, and p.Asn1385Ser) rare variants in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4: MIM 604270) were identified in 11 patients. Oral exostoses were observed in five patients. CONCLUSION Antagonism of Bmp signaling by Sostdc1 requires the presence of Lrp4. Mice lacking Lrp4 have been demonstrated to have alteration of Wnt-Bmp-Shh signaling and an abnormal number of incisors. Therefore, the LRP4 mutations found in our patients may disrupt Wnt-Bmp-Shh signaling, thereby resulting in dental anomalies and oral exostoses. Root maldevelopment in the patients suggests an important role of LRP4 in root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Dental Department, Sawang Daen Din Crown Prince Hospital, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | | | - Massupa Kaewgaya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peeranat Jatooratthawichot
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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17
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Pumchan A, Proespraiwong P, Sawatdichaikul O, Phurahong T, Hirono I, Unajak S. Computational design of novel chimeric multiepitope vaccine against bacterial and viral disease in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14048. [PMID: 38890454 PMCID: PMC11189486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regarding several infectious diseases in fish, multiple vaccinations are not favorable. The chimeric multiepitope vaccine (CMEV) harboring several antigens for multi-disease prevention would enhance vaccine efficiency in terms of multiple disease prevention. Herein, the immunogens of tilapia's seven pathogens including E. tarda, F. columnare, F. noatunensis, S. iniae, S. agalactiae, A. hydrophila, and TiLV were used for CMEV design. After shuffling and annotating the B-cell epitopes, 5,040 CMEV primary protein structures were obtained. Secondary and tertiary protein structures were predicted by AlphaFold2 creating 25,200 CMEV. Proper amino acid alignment in the secondary structures was achieved by the Ramachandran plot. In silico determination of physiochemical and other properties including allergenicity, antigenicity, glycosylation, and conformational B-cell epitopes were determined. The selected CMEV (OSLM0467, OSLM2629, and OSLM4294) showed a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 70 kDa, with feasible sites of N- and O-glycosylation, and a number of potentially conformational B-cell epitope residues. Molecular docking, codon optimization, and in-silico cloning were tested to evaluate the possibility of protein expression. Those CMEVs will further elucidate in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the efficacy and specific immune response. This research will highlight the new era of vaccines designed based on in silico structural vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansaya Pumchan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kasetsart Vaccines and Bio-Product Innovation Centre, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Porranee Proespraiwong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kasetsart Vaccines and Bio-Product Innovation Centre, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orathai Sawatdichaikul
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thararat Phurahong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kasetsart Vaccines and Bio-Product Innovation Centre, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-KU, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Kasetsart Vaccines and Bio-Product Innovation Centre, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
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18
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Bagdonaite I, Abdurahman S, Mirandola M, Pasqual D, Frank M, Narimatsu Y, Joshi HJ, Vakhrushev SY, Salata C, Mirazimi A, Wandall HH. Targeting host O-linked glycan biosynthesis affects Ebola virus replication efficiency and reveals differential GalNAc-T acceptor site preferences on the Ebola virus glycoprotein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0052424. [PMID: 38757972 PMCID: PMC11237518 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00524-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) is one of the most heavily O-glycosylated viral glycoproteins, yet we still lack a fundamental understanding of the structure of its large O-glycosylated mucin-like domain and to what degree the host O-glycosylation capacity influences EBOV replication. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 47 O-glycosites on EBOV GP and found similar glycosylation signatures on virus-like particle- and cell lysate-derived GP. Furthermore, we performed quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on proteins produced in wild-type HEK293 cells and cell lines ablated for the three key initiators of O-linked glycosylation, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. The data show that 12 out of the 47 O-glycosylated sites were regulated, predominantly by GalNAc-T1. Using the glycoengineered cell lines for authentic EBOV propagation, we demonstrate the importance of O-linked glycan initiation and elongation for the production of viral particles and the titers of progeny virus. The mapped O-glycan positions and structures allowed to generate molecular dynamics simulations probing the largely unknown spatial arrangements of the mucin-like domain. The data highlight targeting GALNT1 or C1GALT1C1 as a possible way to modulate O-glycan density on EBOV GP for novel vaccine designs and tailored intervention approaches.IMPORTANCEEbola virus glycoprotein acquires its extensive glycan shield in the host cell, where it is decorated with N-linked glycans and mucin-type O-linked glycans. The latter is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases that have different preferences for optimal peptide substrates resulting in a spectrum of both very selective and redundant substrates for each isoform. In this work, we map the exact locations of O-glycans on Ebola virus glycoprotein and identify subsets of sites preferentially initiated by one of the three key isoforms of GalNAc-Ts, demonstrating that each enzyme contributes to the glycan shield integrity. We further show that altering host O-glycosylation capacity has detrimental effects on Ebola virus replication, with both isoform-specific initiation and elongation playing a role. The combined structural and functional data highlight glycoengineered cell lines as useful tools for investigating molecular mechanisms imposed by specific glycans and for steering the immune responses in future vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mattia Mirandola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Pasqual
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Kim SB, Mun BR, Kim SY, Elangovan M, Park EJ, Choi WS, Park WJ. Therapeutic effects of a novel synthetic α-secretase. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1383905. [PMID: 38912519 PMCID: PMC11191342 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1383905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical studies have further proven that elimination of Aβ can be a viable therapeutic option. In the current study, we conceptualized a fusion membrane protein, referred to as synthetic α-secretase (SAS), that can cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ specifically at the α-site. In mammalian cells, SAS indeed cleaved APP and Aβ at the α-site. Overexpression of SAS in the hippocampus was achieved by direct injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) that expresses SAS (AAV9-SAS) into the bilateral ventricles of mouse brains. SAS enhanced the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP, thus reducing the levels of soluble Aβ and plaques in the 5xFAD mice. In addition, SAS significantly attenuated the cognitive deficits in 5xFAD mice, as demonstrated by novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Unlike other Aβ-cleaving proteases, SAS has highly strict substrate specificity. We propose that SAS can be an efficient modality to eliminate excessive Aβ from diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Mun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthukumar Elangovan
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Euy Jun Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Fló M, Pellizza L, Durán R, Alvarez B, Fernández C. The monodomain Kunitz protein EgKU-7 from the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is a high-affinity trypsin inhibitor with two interaction sites. Biochem J 2024; 481:717-739. [PMID: 38752933 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Typical Kunitz proteins (I2 family of the MEROPS database, Kunitz-A family) are metazoan competitive inhibitors of serine peptidases that form tight complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry, mimicking substrates. The cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the dog tapeworm causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock, encodes an expanded family of monodomain Kunitz proteins, some of which are secreted to the dog host interface. The Kunitz protein EgKU-7 contains, in addition to the Kunitz domain with the anti-peptidase loop comprising a critical arginine, a C-terminal extension of ∼20 amino acids. Kinetic, electrophoretic, and mass spectrometry studies using EgKU-7, a C-terminally truncated variant, and a mutant in which the critical arginine was substituted by alanine, show that EgKU-7 is a tight inhibitor of bovine and canine trypsins with the unusual property of possessing two instead of one site of interaction with the peptidases. One site resides in the anti-peptidase loop and is partially hydrolyzed by bovine but not canine trypsins, suggesting specificity for the target enzymes. The other site is located in the C-terminal extension. This extension can be hydrolyzed in a particular arginine by cationic bovine and canine trypsins but not by anionic canine trypsin. This is the first time to our knowledge that a monodomain Kunitz-A protein is reported to have two interaction sites with its target. Considering that putative orthologs of EgKU-7 are present in other cestodes, our finding unveils a novel piece in the repertoire of peptidase-inhibitor interactions and adds new notes to the evolutionary host-parasite concerto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Fló
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Pellizza
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Fernández
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Suzuki H, Tawara M, Hirayama A, Goto N, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of an Anti-CD44v4 Monoclonal Antibody (C 44Mab-108) Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:85-89. [PMID: 38507669 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and possesses various isoforms which are largely classified into CD44 standard (CD44s) and CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms. Some variant-encoded regions play critical roles in tumor progression. However, the function of CD44 variant 4 (CD44v4)-encoded region has not been fully understood. Using peptide immunization, we developed an anti-CD44v4 monoclonal antibody, C44Mab-108, which is useful for flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In this study, we determined the critical epitope of C44Mab-108 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used the alanine (or glycine)-substituted peptides of the CD44v4-encoded region (amino acids 271-290 of human CD44v3-10) and found that C44Mab-108 did not recognize the alanine-substituted peptides of D280A and W281A. Furthermore, these peptides could not inhibit the recognition of C44Mab-108 in flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the critical binding epitope of C44Mab-108 includes Asp280 and Trp281 of CD44v3-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuki Tawara
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Hirayama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nohara Goto
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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22
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McDonald B, Schmidt MHH. Structure, function, and recombinant production of EGFL7. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2023-0358. [PMID: 38805373 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The secreted factor Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) is involved in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as neurogenesis. Importantly, EGFL7 is also implicated in various pathological conditions, including tumor angiogenesis in human cancers. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which EGFL7 regulates and promotes blood vessel formation is of clear practical importance. One principle means by which EGFL7's function is investigated is via the expression and purification of the recombinant protein. This mini-review describes three methods used to produce recombinant EGFL7 protein. First, a brief overview of EGFL7's genetics, structure, and function is provided. This is followed by an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of three common expression systems used in the production of recombinant EGFL7; (i) Escherichia coli (E. coli), (ii) human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or other mammalian cells, and (iii) a baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression system. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression currently has the advantages of producing active recombinant EGFL7 in the native conformation with the presence of acceptable posttranslational modifications, while providing sufficient yield and stability for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Hollander EE, Flock RE, McDevitt JC, Vostrejs WP, Campbell SL, Orlen MI, Kemp SB, Kahn BM, Wellen KE, Kim IK, Stanger BZ. N-glycosylation by Mgat5 imposes a targetable constraint on immune-mediated tumor clearance. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178804. [PMID: 38912584 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulated glycosylation of the proteome has widespread effects on biological processes that cancer cells can exploit. Expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (encoded by Mgat5 or GnT-V), which catalyzes the addition of β1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine to form complex N-glycans, has been linked to tumor growth and metastasis across tumor types. Using a panel of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clonal cell lines that recapitulate the immune heterogeneity of PDAC, we found that Mgat5 is required for tumor growth in vivo but not in vitro. Loss of Mgat5 results in tumor clearance that is dependent on T cells and dendritic cells, with NK cells playing an early role. Analysis of extrinsic cell death pathways revealed Mgat5-deficient cells have increased sensitivity to cell death mediated by the TNF superfamily, a property that was shared with other non-PDAC Mgat5-deficient cell lines. Finally, Mgat5 knockout in an immunotherapy-resistant PDAC line significantly decreased tumor growth and increased survival upon immune checkpoint blockade. These findings demonstrate a role for N-glycosylation in regulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to T cell killing through classical cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hollander
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jayne C McDevitt
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William P Vostrejs
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margo I Orlen
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha B Kemp
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin M Kahn
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Department of Medicine and
- Abramson Cancer Center and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Kellman BP, Mariethoz J, Zhang Y, Shaul S, Alteri M, Sandoval D, Jeffris M, Armingol E, Bao B, Lisacek F, Bojar D, Lewis NE. Decoding glycosylation potential from protein structure across human glycoproteins with a multi-view recurrent neural network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594334. [PMID: 38798633 PMCID: PMC11118808 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is described as a non-templated biosynthesis. Yet, the template-free premise is antithetical to the observation that different N-glycans are consistently placed at specific sites. It has been proposed that glycosite-proximal protein structures could constrain glycosylation and explain the observed microheterogeneity. Using site-specific glycosylation data, we trained a hybrid neural network to parse glycosites (recurrent neural network) and match them to feasible N-glycosylation events (graph neural network). From glycosite-flanking sequences, the algorithm predicts most human N-glycosylation events documented in the GlyConnect database and proposed structures corresponding to observed monosaccharide composition of the glycans at these sites. The algorithm also recapitulated glycosylation in Enhanced Aromatic Sequons, SARS-CoV-2 spike, and IgG3 variants, thus demonstrating the ability of the algorithm to predict both glycan structure and abundance. Thus, protein structure constrains glycosylation, and the neural network enables predictive in silico glycosylation of uncharacterized or novel protein sequences and genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Kellman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Augment Biologics, La Jolla, CA 92092
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien Mariethoz
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sigal Shaul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mia Alteri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Sandoval
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mia Jeffris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erick Armingol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bokan Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frederique Lisacek
- Proteome Informatics Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland
- Computer Science Department & Section of Biology, University of Geneva, route de Drize 7, CH-1227, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bojar
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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25
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Xiao D, Xiong M, Wang X, Lyu M, Sun H, Cui Y, Chen C, Jiang Z, Sun F. Regulation of the Function and Expression of EpCAM. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1129. [PMID: 38791091 PMCID: PMC11117676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single transmembrane protein on the cell surface. Given its strong expression on epithelial cells and epithelial cell-derived tumors, EpCAM has been identified as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and a target for cancer therapy. As a cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM has a crystal structure that indicates that it forms a cis-dimer first and then probably a trans-tetramer to mediate intercellular adhesion. Through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments are also able to regulate multiple signaling pathways, Wnt signaling in particular. Although great progress has been made, increasingly more findings have revealed the context-specific expression and function patterns of EpCAM and their regulation processes, which necessitates further studies to determine the structure, function, and expression of EpCAM under both physiological and pathological conditions, broadening its application in basic and translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mengqing Lyu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Hanxiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yeting Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Fan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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26
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Wang S, Ran W, Sun L, Fan Q, Zhao Y, Wang B, Yang J, He Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Chuchuay A, You Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen YQ, Yuan Y, Zhao J, Mao Y. Sequential glycosylations at the multibasic cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regulate viral activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4162. [PMID: 38755139 PMCID: PMC11099032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The multibasic furin cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary of the spike protein is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 and plays a crucial role in viral infection. However, the mechanism underlying furin activation and its regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that GalNAc-T3 and T7 jointly initiate clustered O-glycosylations in the furin cleavage site of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which inhibit furin processing, suppress the incorporation of the spike protein into virus-like-particles and affect viral infection. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the assembly of the spike protein into virus-like particles relies on interactions between the furin-cleaved spike protein and the membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a possible mechanism for furin activation. Interestingly, mutations in the spike protein of the alpha and delta variants of the virus confer resistance against glycosylation by GalNAc-T3 and T7. In the omicron variant, additional mutations reverse this resistance, making the spike protein susceptible to glycosylation in vitro and sensitive to GalNAc-T3 and T7 expression in human lung cells. Our findings highlight the role of glycosylation as a defense mechanism employed by host cells against SARS-CoV-2 and shed light on the evolutionary interplay between the host and the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchi Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Foshan, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luoyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arpaporn Chuchuay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yang Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Huang WC, Wu HT, Yang PW, Li CJ, Huang YS, Chang H, Chen YJ. A 35-gene mutation profile predicts the therapeutic outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2287-2299. [PMID: 38859831 PMCID: PMC11162661 DOI: 10.62347/qciu7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis without radical resection. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by esophagectomy is widely used for treating locally advanced esophageal cancer in the thorax. The study aimed to assess mutation profiles and their correlation with therapeutic outcomes in patients diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients with ESCC who underwent NACRT. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) utilizing intensity-modulated radiation therapy alongside concurrent chemotherapy with a cisplatin-based regimen. A 35-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel detecting 402 genetic variants was used, which has been proven predictive in ESCC patients who received definitive chemoradiation. The 35-gene mutation profiles were analyzed in pre-treatment biopsies. The results reveled there were variants correlated with pathological complete remission or partial response, overall survival, and progression-free survival. A combination of p.Pro1319Ser and p.Arg2159Gly mutations in the MUC17 gene demonstrated an adverse impact on pathological response (OR [95% CI] = 7.00 (3.07-15.94), P < 0.001). Additionally, the variants located in the MUC17, MUC4, and MYH4 genes exhibited notably effects on tumor recurrence or mortality. Patients harboring either the MUC17 p.Thr2702Val or MUC4 p.Thr3355Ser mutation displayed a more than four-fold increased risk for disease recurrence or mortality. We concluded that specific mutations correlated to the pathological complete response in ESCC receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation can be identified through the utilization of 35-gene expression profiles. Further investigation into the pathophysiological roles of MUC17 and MUC4 mutations in ESCC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical CollegeNew Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tai Wu
- Lihpao Life Science Co., Ltd.Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Joint Commission of Precision MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Jung Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hang Chang
- Taiwan Joint Commission of Precision MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology Medicine, MacKay Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
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28
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Romeo F, Spetter MJ, Pereyra SB, Morán PE, González Altamiranda EA, Louge Uriarte EL, Odeón AC, Pérez SE, Verna AE. Whole Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Isolated from Bovine Abortions. Viruses 2024; 16:739. [PMID: 38793621 PMCID: PMC11125609 DOI: 10.3390/v16050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoGHV4) is a member of the Gammaherspivirinae subfamily, Rhadinovirus genus. Its natural host is the bovine, and it is prevalent among the global cattle population. Although the complete genome of BoGHV4 has been successfully sequenced, the functions of most of its genes remain unknown. Currently, only six strains of BoGHV4, all belonging to Genotype 1, have been sequenced. This is the first report of the nearly complete genome of Argentinean BoGHV4 strains isolated from clinical cases of abortion, representing the first BoGHV4 Genotype 2 and 3 genomes described in the literature. Both Argentinean isolates presented the highest nt p-distance values, indicating a greater level of divergence. Overall, the considerable diversity observed in the complete genomes and open reading frames underscores the distinctiveness of both Argentinean isolates compared to the existing BoGHV4 genomes. These findings support previous studies that categorized the Argentinean BoGHV4 strains 07-435 and 10-154 as Genotypes 3 and 2, respectively. The inclusion of these sequences represents a significant expansion to the currently limited pool of BoGHV4 genomes while providing an important basis to increase the knowledge of local isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Romeo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Maximiliano Joaquín Spetter
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Beatriz Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Pedro Edgardo Morán
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Analía González Altamiranda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Enrique Leopoldo Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Anselmo Carlos Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elizabeth Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
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29
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Moumbeket Yifomnjou MH, Monamele GC, Modiyinji AF, Njankouo-Ripa M, Onana B, Njouom R. Genetic Diversity of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus during COVID-19 Pandemic in Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2020-2021. Microorganisms 2024; 12:952. [PMID: 38792782 PMCID: PMC11123827 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe infections of the lower respiratory system, affecting individuals of all ages. This study investigated the genetic variability of HRSV during the COVID-19 outbreak in Yaoundé; nasopharyngeal samples positive for HRSV were collected from different age groups between July 2020 and October 2021. A semi-nested RT-PCR was performed on the second hypervariable region of the G gene of detected HRSV, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic assessment. Throughout the study, 40 (37.7%) of the 106 HRSV-positive samples successfully underwent G-gene amplification. HRSV A and HRSV B co-circulated at rates of 47.5% and 52.5%, respectively. HRSV A clustered in the GA2.3.5 genetic lineage (ON1) and HRSV B clustered in the GB5.0.5a genetic lineage (BA9). Differences in circulating genotypes were observed between pre- and post-pandemic years for HRSV A. Predictions revealed potential N-glycosylation sites at positions 237-318 of HRSV A and positions 228-232-294 of HRSV B. This study reports the molecular epidemiology of HRSV in Cameroon during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the exclusive co-circulation of two genetic lineages. These findings highlight the importance of implementing comprehensive molecular surveillance to prevent the unexpected emergence of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïse Henri Moumbeket Yifomnjou
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon; (M.H.M.Y.); (G.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (M.N.-R.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Gwladys Chavely Monamele
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon; (M.H.M.Y.); (G.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (M.N.-R.)
| | - Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon; (M.H.M.Y.); (G.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (M.N.-R.)
| | - Mohamadou Njankouo-Ripa
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon; (M.H.M.Y.); (G.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (M.N.-R.)
| | - Boyomo Onana
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, 451 Rue 2005, Yaoundé P.O. Box 1274, Cameroon; (M.H.M.Y.); (G.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (M.N.-R.)
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30
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Mortazavi B, Molaei A, Fard NA. Multi-epitopevaccines, from design to expression; an in silico approach. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110804. [PMID: 38658216 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of vaccines against a wide range of infectious diseases and pathogens often relies on multi-epitope strategies that can effectively stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity. Immunoinformatics tools play a pivotal role in designing such vaccines, enhancing immune response potential, and minimizing the risk of failure. This review presents a comprehensive overview of practical tools for epitope prediction and the associated immune responses. These immunoinformatics tools facilitate the selection of epitopes based on parameters such as antigenicity, absence of toxic and allergenic sequences, secondary and tertiary structures, sequence conservation, and population coverage. The chosen epitopes can be tailored for B-cells or T-cells, both of which require further assessments covered in this study. We offer a range of suitable linkers that effectively separate cytotoxic T lymphocyte and helper T lymphocyte epitopes while preserving their functionality. Additionally, we identify various adjuvants for specific purposes. We delve into the evaluation of MHC-epitope interactions, MHC clusters, and the simulation of final constructs through molecular docking techniques. We provide diverse linkers and adjuvants optimized for epitope functions to bolster immune responses through epitope attachment. By leveraging these comprehensive tools, the development of multi-epitope vaccines holds the promise of robust immunity and a significant reduction in experimental costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mortazavi
- Department of systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najaf Allahyari Fard
- Department of systems Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Lampson BL, Ramίrez AS, Baro M, He L, Hegde M, Koduri V, Pfaff JL, Hanna RE, Kowal J, Shirole NH, He Y, Doench JG, Contessa JN, Locher KP, Kaelin WG. Positive selection CRISPR screens reveal a druggable pocket in an oligosaccharyltransferase required for inflammatory signaling to NF-κB. Cell 2024; 187:2209-2223.e16. [PMID: 38670073 PMCID: PMC11149550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays roles in various diseases. Many inflammatory signals, such as circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), activate NF-κB via specific receptors. Using whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screens of LPS-treated cells that express an NF-κB-driven suicide gene, we discovered that the LPS receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is specifically dependent on the oligosaccharyltransferase complex OST-A for N-glycosylation and cell-surface localization. The tool compound NGI-1 inhibits OST complexes in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanism remained unknown. We did a CRISPR base-editor screen for NGI-1-resistant variants of STT3A, the catalytic subunit of OST-A. These variants, in conjunction with cryoelectron microscopy studies, revealed that NGI-1 binds the catalytic site of STT3A, where it traps a molecule of the donor substrate dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc3, suggesting an uncompetitive inhibition mechanism. Our results provide a rationale for and an initial step toward the development of STT3A-specific inhibitors and illustrate the power of contemporaneous base-editor and structural studies to define drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Lampson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana S Ramίrez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mudra Hegde
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vidyasagar Koduri
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jamie L Pfaff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruth E Hanna
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nitin H Shirole
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yanfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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32
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Kang T, Budhraja R, Kim J, Joshi N, Garapati K, Pandey A. Global O-glycoproteome enrichment and analysis enabled by a combinatorial enzymatic workflow. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100744. [PMID: 38582075 PMCID: PMC11046030 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of site-specific protein O-glycosylation is hindered by the absence of a consensus O-glycosylation motif, the diversity of O-glycan structures, and the lack of a universal enzyme that cleaves attached O-glycans. Here, we report the development of a robust O-glycoproteomic workflow for analyzing complex biological samples by combining four different strategies: removal of N-glycans, complementary digestion using O-glycoprotease (IMPa) with/without another protease, glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometry with fragmentation of glycopeptides using stepped collision energy. Using this workflow, we cataloged 474 O-glycopeptides on 189 O-glycosites derived from 79 O-glycoproteins from human plasma. These data revealed O-glycosylation of several abundant proteins that have not been previously reported. Because many of the proteins that contained unannotated O-glycosylation sites have been extensively studied, we wished to confirm glycosylation at these sites in a targeted fashion. Thus, we analyzed selected purified proteins (kininogen-1, fetuin-A, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein E, and plasminogen) in independent experiments and validated the previously unknown O-glycosites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinyong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neha Joshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kishore Garapati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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33
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Hunter C, Derksen T, Makhsous S, Doll M, Perez SR, Scott NE, Willis LM. Site-specific immobilization of the endosialidase reveals QSOX2 is a novel polysialylated protein. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae026. [PMID: 38489772 PMCID: PMC11031136 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues that is of fundamental biological interest due to its pivotal roles in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems in healthy human adults. PolySia is also dysregulated in several chronic diseases, including cancers and mental health disorders. However, the mechanisms underpinning polySia biology in health and disease remain largely unknown. The polySia-specific hydrolase, endoneuraminidase NF (EndoN), and the catalytically inactive polySia lectin EndoNDM, have been extensively used for studying polySia. However, EndoN is heat stable and remains associated with cells after washing. When studying polySia in systems with multiple polysialylated species, the residual EndoN that cannot be removed confounds data interpretation. We developed a strategy for site-specific immobilization of EndoN on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. We showed that immobilizing EndoN allows for effective removal of the enzyme from samples, while retaining hydrolase activity. We used the same strategy to immobilize the polySia lectin EndoNDM, which enabled the enrichment of polysialylated proteins from complex mixtures such as serum for their identification via mass spectrometry. We used this methodology to identify a novel polysialylated protein, QSOX2, which is secreted from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This method of site-specific immobilization can be utilized for other enzymes and lectins to yield insight into glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tahlia Derksen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sogand Makhsous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Matt Doll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Rodriguez Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Willis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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34
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O’Riordan N, Jurić V, O’Neill SK, Roche AP, Young PW. A Yeast Modular Cloning (MoClo) Toolkit Expansion for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Secretion and Surface Display in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1246-1258. [PMID: 38483353 PMCID: PMC11036508 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive host for the expression of secreted proteins in a biotechnology context. Unfortunately, many heterologous proteins fail to enter, or efficiently progress through, the secretory pathway, resulting in poor yields. Similarly, yeast surface display has become a widely used technique in protein engineering but achieving sufficient levels of surface expression of recombinant proteins is often challenging. Signal peptides (SPs) and translational fusion partners (TFPs) can be used to direct heterologous proteins through the yeast secretory pathway, however, selection of the optimal secretion promoting sequence is largely a process of trial and error. The yeast modular cloning (MoClo) toolkit utilizes type IIS restriction enzymes to facilitate an efficient assembly of expression vectors from standardized parts. We have expanded this toolkit to enable the efficient incorporation of a panel of 16 well-characterized SPs and TFPs and five surface display anchor proteins into S. cerevisiae expression cassettes. The secretion promoting signals are validated by using five different proteins of interest. Comparison of intracellular and secreted protein levels reveals the optimal secretion promoting sequence for each individual protein. Large, protein of interest-specific variations in secretion efficiency are observed. SP sequences are also used with the five surface display anchors, and the combination of SP and anchor protein proves critical for efficient surface display. These observations highlight the value of the described panel of MoClo compatible parts to allow facile screening of SPs and TFPs and anchor proteins for optimal secretion and/or surface display of a given protein of interest in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola
M. O’Riordan
- School
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University
College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Vanja Jurić
- School
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University
College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- AMBER
Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Sarah K. O’Neill
- School
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University
College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Aoife P. Roche
- School
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University
College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Paul W. Young
- School
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University
College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- AMBER
Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
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35
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Hernández-Benítez LJ, Ramírez-Rodríguez MA, Hernández-Santoyo A, Rodríguez-Romero A. A trimeric glycosylated GH45 cellulase from the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) exhibits endo and exoactivity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301604. [PMID: 38635649 PMCID: PMC11025796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) represents North America's most important aquaculture species. Its hepatopancreas is rich in cellulases and other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, which provide it the remarkable ability to digest cellulose-rich macroalgae; nevertheless, its cellulolytic systems are poorly explored. This manuscript describes some functional and structural properties of an endogenous trimeric glycosylated endoglucanase from H. rufescens. The purified enzyme showed a molecular mass of 23.4 kDa determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, which behaved as a homotrimer in gel filtration chromatography and zymograms. According to the periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining, detecting sugar moieties in SDS-PAGE gel confirmed that abalone cellulase is a glycoprotein. Hydrolysis of cello-oligosaccharides and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranosides confirmed its endo/exoactivity. A maximum enzyme activity toward 0.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose of 53.9 ± 1.0 U/mg was achieved at 45°C and pH 6.0. We elucidated the abalone cellulase primary structure using proteases and mass spectrometry methods. Based on these results and using a bioinformatic approach, we identified the gene encoding this enzyme and deduced its full-length amino acid sequence; the mature protein comprised 177 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 19.1 kDa and, according to sequence similarity, it was classified into the glycosyl-hydrolase family 45 subfamily B. An AlphaFold theoretical model and docking simulations with cellopentaose confirmed that abalone cellulase is a β-sheet rich protein, as also observed by circular dichroism experiments, with conserved catalytic residues: Asp26, Asn109, and Asp134. Interestingly, the AlphaFold-Multimer analysis indicated a trimeric assembly for abalone cellulase, which supported our experimental findings. The discovery and characterization of these enzymes may contribute to developing efficient cellulose bioconversion processes for biofuels and sustainable bioproducts.
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Trischitta V, Antonucci A, Adamski J, Prehn C, Menzaghi C, Marucci A, Di Paola R. GALNT2 expression is associated with glucose control and serum metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02280-7. [PMID: 38627282 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Aim of this study was to investigate in type 2 diabetes whether expression level of GALNT2, a positive modulator of insulin sensitivity, is associated with a metabolic signature. METHODS Five different metabolite families, including acylcarnitines, aminoacids, biogenic amines, phospholipids and sphingolipids were investigated in fasting serum of 70 patients with type 2 diabetes, by targeted metabolomics. GALNT2 expression levels were measured in peripheral white blood cells by RT-PCR. The association between GALNT2 expression and serum metabolites was assessed using false discovery rate followed by stepwise selection and, finally, multivariate model including several clinical parameters as confounders. The association between GALNT2 expression and the same clinical parameters was also investigated. RESULTS GALNT2 expression was independently correlated with HbA1c levels (P value = 0.0052), a finding that is the likely consequence of the role of GALNT2 on insulin sensitivity. GALNT2 expression was also independently associated with serum levels of the aminoacid glycine (P value = 0.014) and two biogenic amines phenylethylamine (P value = 0.0065) and taurine (P value = 0.0011). The association of GALNT2 expression with HbA1c was not mediated by these three metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in type 2 diabetes the expression of GALNT2 is associated with several serum metabolites. This association needs to be further investigated to understand in depth its role in mediating the effect of GALNT2 on insulin sensitivity, glucose control and other clinical features in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
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Farrag MA, Aziz IM, Alsaleh AN, Almajhdi FN. Human bocavirus in Saudi Arabia: Molecular epidemiology and Co-infections among children with acute respiratory tract infections during 2014-2016. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28350. [PMID: 38560213 PMCID: PMC10981067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections due to a variety of viruses continue to threaten the human population worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Among the responsible viruses, Human Bocavirus (HBoV), a novel discovered virus, causes respiratory tract and gastroenteritis disorders in young children. In Saudi Arabia, data regarding virus molecular epidemiology and evolution and its implication in respiratory tract infection are scarce. In the current study, genetic diversity and circulation pattern of HBoV-1 among hospitalized children due to acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) during two consecutive years were charted. We found that 3.44% (2014/2015) and 11.25% (2015/2016) of children hospitalized due to ARTI were infected by HBoV-1. We have shown that HBoV was detected year-round without a marked seasonal peak. HBoV-1 also was co-detected with one or multiple other respiratory viruses. The multisequence analysis showed high sequence identity (∼99%) (few point mutation sites) between strains of each genotype and high sequence variation (∼79%) between HBoV-1 and the other 3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of the study's isolates in the HBoV-1 subclade. Our data reveal that genetically conserved HBoV-1 was circulating among admitted children during the course of the study. Further epidemiological and molecular characterization of multiple HBoV-1 strains for different years and from all regions of Saudi Arabia are required to understand and monitor the virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farrag
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma N. Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N. Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pedram K, Shon DJ, Tender GS, Mantuano NR, Northey JJ, Metcalf KJ, Wisnovsky SP, Riley NM, Forcina GC, Malaker SA, Kuo A, George BM, Miller CL, Casey KM, Vilches-Moure JG, Ferracane MJ, Weaver VM, Läubli H, Bertozzi CR. Design of a mucin-selective protease for targeted degradation of cancer-associated mucins. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:597-607. [PMID: 37537499 PMCID: PMC11018308 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging strategy for the elimination of classically undruggable proteins. Here, to expand the landscape of targetable substrates, we designed degraders that achieve substrate selectivity via recognition of a discrete peptide and glycan motif and achieve cell-type selectivity via antigen-driven cell-surface binding. We applied this approach to mucins, O-glycosylated proteins that drive cancer progression through biophysical and immunological mechanisms. Engineering of a bacterial mucin-selective protease yielded a variant for fusion to a cancer antigen-binding nanobody. The resulting conjugate selectively degraded mucins on cancer cells, promoted cell death in culture models of mucin-driven growth and survival, and reduced tumor growth in mouse models of breast cancer progression. This work establishes a blueprint for the development of biologics that degrade specific protein glycoforms on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - D Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Tender
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalia R Mantuano
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason J Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Metcalf
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon P Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni C Forcina
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angel Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Uceda AB, Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Adrover M. An overview on glycation: molecular mechanisms, impact on proteins, pathogenesis, and inhibition. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:189-218. [PMID: 38737201 PMCID: PMC11078917 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of a heterogeneous set of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final outcome of a non-enzymatic process that occurs in vivo on long-life biomolecules. This process, known as glycation, starts with the reaction between reducing sugars, or their autoxidation products, with the amino groups of proteins, DNA, or lipids, thus gaining relevance under hyperglycemic conditions. Once AGEs are formed, they might affect the biological function of the biomacromolecule and, therefore, induce the development of pathophysiological events. In fact, the accumulation of AGEs has been pointed as a triggering factor of obesity, diabetes-related diseases, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, or chronic renal failure, among others. Given the deleterious consequences of glycation, evolution has designed endogenous mechanisms to undo glycation or to prevent it. In addition, many exogenous molecules have also emerged as powerful glycation inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview on what glycation is. It starts by explaining the similarities and differences between glycation and glycosylation. Then, it describes in detail the molecular mechanism underlying glycation reactions, and the bio-molecular targets with higher propensity to be glycated. Next, it discusses the precise effects of glycation on protein structure, function, and aggregation, and how computational chemistry has provided insights on these aspects. Finally, it reports the most prevalent diseases induced by glycation, and the endogenous mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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Dedavid E Silva LA, Parizi LF, Molossi FA, Driemeier D, da Silva Vaz Junior I. Rhipicephalus microplus thyropin-like protein: Structural and immunologic analyzes. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110136. [PMID: 38290194 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tick saliva has a pivotal function in parasitism. It has pharmacological and immunomodulatory properties, with several proteins reported in its composition. Thyroglobulin type-1 domain protease inhibitor (thyropin)-like proteins are found in tick saliva, but their function, properties and structures are poorly characterized. It has been reported that thyropins are capable of inhibiting cysteine peptidases present in antigen-presenting cells. To elucidate the role of thyropin-like proteins in ticks, we conducted in silico analysis and cloned an open reading frame from a thyropin-like protein found in Rhipicephalus microplus. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed, followed by immunological characterization and a vaccine trial against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in rabbits. Several differences are observed between thyropin-like proteins from hard and soft ticks, especially the number of thyroglobulin domains and predicted glycosylation pattern. Thyropin-like proteins also differ between postriata and metastriata ticks, the latter having a coil-domain at the C-terminal region and high number of predicted glycosylation sites. Overall, the data suggested divergence in thyropin-like proteins functions among ticks. The recombinant thyropin-like protein is immunogenic and the antibodies against it are able to recognize the native protein in tick saliva and tissues. While the recombinant protein does not elicit a protective response against R. sanguineus infestation, its characterization paves the way for further investigations aimed at determining the precise function of this protein in tick physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Andre Dedavid E Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Parizi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciéli Adriane Molossi
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil.
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41
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Torres de Oliveira C, Alexandrino de Assis M, Lourenço Franco Cairo JP, Damasio A, Guimarães Pereira GA, Mazutti MA, de Oliveira D. Functional characterization and structural insights of three cutinases from the ascomycete Fusarium verticillioides. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106415. [PMID: 38104791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cutinases are serine esterases that belong to the α/β hydrolases superfamily. The natural substrates for these enzymes are cutin and suberin, components of the plant cuticle, the first barrier in the defense system against pathogen invasion. It is well-reported that plant pathogens produce cutinases to facilitate infection. Fusarium verticillioides, one important corn pathogens, is an ascomycete upon which its cutinases are poorly explored. Consequently, the objective of this study was to perform the biochemical characterization of three precursor cutinases (FvCut1, FvCut2, and FvCut3) from F. verticillioides and to obtain structural insights about them. The cutinases were produced in Escherichia coli and purified. FvCut1, FvCut2, and FvCut3 presented optimal temperatures of 20, 40, and 35 °C, and optimal pH of 9, 7, and 8, respectively. Some chemicals stimulated the enzymatic activity. The kinetic parameters revealed that FvCut1 has higher catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) in the p-nitrophenyl-butyrate (p-NPB) substrate. Nevertheless, the enzymes were not able to hydrolyze polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Furthermore, the three-dimensional models of these enzymes showed structural differences among them, mainly FvCut1, which presented a narrower opening cleft to access the catalytic site. Therefore, our study contributes to exploring the diversity of fungal cutinases and their potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Torres de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Michelle Alexandrino de Assis
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Failayev H, Ganoth A, Tsfadia Y. Molecular insights on the coronavirus MERS-CoV interaction with the CD26 receptor. Virus Res 2024; 342:199330. [PMID: 38272241 PMCID: PMC10862065 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory disease with high fatality rates, caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus initiates infection by binding to the CD26 receptor (also known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 or DPP4) via its spike protein. Although the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the complex between RBD and the extracellular domain of CD26 have been studied using X-ray crystallography, conflicting studies exist regarding the importance of certain amino acids outside the resolved RBD-CD26 complex interaction interface. To gain atomic-level knowledge of the RBD-CD26 complex, we employed computational simulations to study the complex's dynamic behavior as it evolves from its crystal structure to a conformation stable in solution. Our study revealed previously unidentified interaction regions and interacting amino acids within the complex, determined a novel comprehensive RBD-binding domain of CD26, and by that expanded the current understanding of its structure. Additionally, we examined the impact of a single amino acid substitution, E513A, on the complex's stability. We discovered that this substitution disrupts the complex through an allosteric domino-like mechanism that affects other residues. Since MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus, we evaluated its potential risk of human infection via animals, and suggest a low likelihood for possible infection by cats or dogs. The molecular structural information gleaned from our insights into the RBD-CD26 complex pre-dissociative states may be proved useful not only from a mechanistic view but also in assessing inter-species transmission and in developing anti-MERS-CoV antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Failayev
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Assaf Ganoth
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), P.O. Box 167, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yossi Tsfadia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Wang X, Slater A, Lee SC, Harrison N, Pollock NL, Bakker SE, Navarro S, Nieswandt B, Dafforn TR, García Á, Watson SP, Tomlinson MG. Purification and characterisation of the platelet-activating GPVI/FcRγ complex in SMALPs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109944. [PMID: 38395124 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The collagen/fibrin(ogen) receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), is a platelet activating receptor and a promising anti-thrombotic drug target. However, while agonist-induced GPVI clustering on platelet membranes has been shown to be essential for its activation, it is unknown if GPVI dimerisation represents a unique conformation for ligand binding. Current GPVI structures all contain only the two immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains in the GPVI extracellular region, so lacking the mucin-like stalk, transmembrane, cytoplasmic tail of GPVI and its associated Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) homodimer signalling chain, and provide contradictory insights into the mechanisms of GPVI dimerisation. Here, we utilised styrene maleic-acid lipid particles (SMALPs) to extract GPVI in complex with its two associated FcRγ chains from transfected HEK-293T cells, together with the adjacent lipid bilayer, then purified and characterised the GPVI/FcRγ-containing SMALPs, to enable structural insights into the full-length GPVI/FcRγ complex. Using size exclusion chromatography followed by a native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method, SMA-PAGE, we revealed multiple sizes of the purified GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs, suggesting the potential existence of GPVI oligomers. Importantly, GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs were functional as they could bind collagen. Mono-dispersed GPVI/FcRγ SMALPs could be observed under negative stain electron microscopy. These results pave the way for the future investigation of GPVI stoichiometry and structure, while also validating SMALPs as a promising tool for the investigation of human membrane protein interactions, stoichiometry and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Sarah C Lee
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neale Harrison
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Naomi L Pollock
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Saskia E Bakker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Stefano Navarro
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Tim R Dafforn
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ángel García
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), The Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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Liu HZ, Song XQ, Zhang H. Sugar-coated bullets: Unveiling the enigmatic mystery 'sweet arsenal' in osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27624. [PMID: 38496870 PMCID: PMC10944269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification process where sugar molecules (glycans) are covalently linked to proteins, lipids, or other biomolecules. In this highly regulated and complex process, a series of enzymes are involved in adding, modifying, or removing sugar residues. This process plays a pivotal role in various biological functions, influencing the structure, stability, and functionality of the modified molecules. Glycosylation is essential in numerous biological processes, including cell adhesion, signal transduction, immune response, and biomolecular recognition. Dysregulation of glycosylation is associated with various diseases. Glycation, a post-translational modification characterized by the non-enzymatic attachment of sugar molecules to proteins, has also emerged as a crucial factor in various diseases. This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted role of glycation in disease pathogenesis, with a specific focus on its implications in osteoarthritis (OA). Glycosylation and glycation alterations wield a profound influence on OA pathogenesis, intertwining with disease onset and progression. Diverse studies underscore the multifaceted role of aberrant glycosylation in OA, particularly emphasizing its intricate relationship with joint tissue degradation and inflammatory cascades. Distinct glycosylation patterns, including N-glycans and O-glycans, showcase correlations with inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and cellular senescence pathways, amplifying the degenerative processes within cartilage. Furthermore, the impact of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation in OA pathophysiology unveils critical insights into glycosylation-driven chondrocyte behavior and extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings illuminate potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers, signaling a promising avenue for targeted interventions in OA management. In this comprehensive review, we aim to thoroughly examine the significant impact of glycosylation or AGEs in OA and explore its varied effects on other related conditions, such as liver-related diseases, immune system disorders, and cancers, among others. By emphasizing glycosylation's role beyond OA and its implications in other diseases, we uncover insights that extend beyond the immediate focus on OA, potentially revealing novel perspectives for diagnosing and treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-qiu Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Freitas R, Miranda A, Ferreira D, Relvas-Santos M, Castro F, Ferreira E, Gaiteiro C, Soares J, Cotton S, Gonçalves M, Eiras M, Santos B, Palmeira C, Correia MP, Oliveira MJ, Sarmento B, Peixoto A, Santos LL, Silva AMN, Ferreira JA. A multivalent CD44 glycoconjugate vaccine candidate for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 367:540-556. [PMID: 38301927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer presents a high mortality rate due to ineffective treatments and tumour relapse with progression. Cancer vaccines hold tremendous potential due to their capability to eradicate tumour and prevent relapse. In this study, we present a novel glycovaccine for precise targeting and immunotherapy of aggressive solid tumours that overexpress CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) carrying immature Tn and sialyl-Tn (sTn) O-glycans. We describe an enzymatic method and an enrichment strategy to generate libraries of well-characterized cancer-specific CD44s-Tn and/or sTn glycoproteoforms, which mimic the heterogeneity found in tumours. We conjugated CD44-Tn-derived glycopeptides with carrier proteins making them more immunogenic, with further demonstration of the importance of this conjugation to overcome the glycopeptides' intrinsic toxicity. We have optimized the glycopeptide-protein maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry to avoid undesirable cross-linking between carrier proteins and CD44s glycopeptides. The resulting glycovaccines candidates were well-tolerated in vivo, inducing both humoral and cellular immunity, including immunological memory. The generated antibodies exhibited specific reactivity against synthetic CD44s-Tn glycopeptides, CD44s-Tn glycoengineered cells, and human tumours. In summary, we present a promising prototype of a cancer glycovaccine for future therapeutical pre-clinical efficacy validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Janine Soares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Eiras
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M N Silva
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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Roy R. Cancer cells and viruses share common glycoepitopes: exciting opportunities toward combined treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1292588. [PMID: 38495885 PMCID: PMC10940920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1292588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins and glycolipids have long been recognized as one the major hallmarks of cancer cells that has led to numerous glycoconjugate vaccine attempts. These abnormal glycosylation profiles mostly originate from the lack of key glycosyltransferases activities, mutations, over expressions, or modifications of the requisite chaperone for functional folding. Due to their relative structural simplicity, O-linked glycans of the altered mucin family of glycoproteins have been particularly attractive in the design of tumor associated carbohydrate-based vaccines. Several such glycoconjugate vaccine formulations have generated potent monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies useful as diagnostic and immunotherapies in the fight against cancer. Paradoxically, glycoproteins related to enveloped viruses also express analogous N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns. However, due to the fact that viruses are not equipped with the appropriate glycosyl enzyme machinery, they need to hijack that of the infected host cells. Although the resulting N-linked glycans are very similar to those of normal cells, some of their O-linked glycan patterns often share the common structural simplicity to those identified on tumor cells. Consequently, given that both cancer cells and viral glycoproteins share both common N- and O-linked glycoepitopes, glycoconjugate vaccines could be highly attractive to generate potent immune responses to target both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Pentari C, Zerva A, Kosinas C, Karampa P, Puchart V, Dimarogona M, Topakas E. The role of CE16 exo-deacetylases in hemicellulolytic enzyme mixtures revealed by the biochemical and structural study of the novel TtCE16B esterase. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121667. [PMID: 38171682 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl esterases belonging to the carbohydrate esterase family 16 (CE16) is a growing group of enzymes, with exceptional diversity regarding substrate specificity and regioselectivity. However, further insight into the CE16 specificity is required for their efficient biotechnological exploitation. In this work, exo-deacetylase TtCE16B from Thermothelomyces thermophila was heterologously expressed and biochemically characterized. The esterase targets positions O-3 and O-4 of singly and doubly acetylated non-reducing-end xylopyranosyl residues, provided the presence of a free vicinal hydroxyl group at position O-4 and O-3, respectively. Crystal structure of TtCE16B, the first representative among the CE16 enzymes, in apo- and product-bound form, allowed the identification of residues forming the catalytic triad and oxyanion hole, as well as the structural elements related to the enzyme preference for oligomers. The role of TtCE16B in hemicellulose degradation was investigated on acetylated xylan from birchwood and pre-treated beechwood biomass. TtCE16B exhibited complementary activity to commercially available OCE6 acetylxylan esterase. Moreover, it showed synergistic effects with SrXyl43 β-xylosidase. Overall, supplementation of xylan-targeting enzymatic mixtures with both TtCE16B and OCE6 esterases led to a 3-fold or 4-fold increase in xylose release, when using TmXyn10 and TtXyn30A xylanases respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pentari
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kosinas
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Karampa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vladimír Puchart
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Dimarogona
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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48
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Güney G, Cedden D, Hänniger S, Hegedus DD, Heckel DG, Toprak U. Peritrophins are involved in the defense against Bacillus thuringiensis and nucleopolyhedrovirus formulations in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 166:104073. [PMID: 38215915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (or peritrophic membrane, PM) is present in most insects where it acts as a barrier to mechanical insults and pathogens, as well as a facilitator of digestive processes. The PM is formed by the binding of structural PM proteins, referred to as peritrophins, to chitin fibrils and spans the entire midgut in lepidopterans. To investigate the role of peritrophins in a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, namely the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis), we generated Insect Intestinal Mucin (IIM-) and non-mucin Peritrophin (PER-) mutant strains via CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. Both strains exhibited deformed PMs and retarded developmental rates. Bioassays conducted with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) formulations showed that both the IIM- and PER- mutant larvae were more susceptible to these bioinsecticides compared to the wild-type (WT) larvae with intact PM. Interestingly, the provision of chitin-binding agent Calcofluor (CF) in the diet lowered the toxicity of Bt formulations in both WT and IIM- larvae and the protective effect of CF was significantly lower in PER- larvae. This suggested that the interaction of CF with PER is responsible for Bt resistance mediated by CF. In contrast, the provision of CF caused increased susceptibility to SpliNPV in both mutants and WT larvae. The study showed the importance of peritrophins in the defense against pathogens in S. littoralis and revealed novel insights into CF-mediated resistance to Cry toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Güney
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany; Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doga Cedden
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liu Q, Adhikari E, Lester DK, Fang B, Johnson JO, Tian Y, Mockabee-Macias AT, Izumi V, Guzman KM, White MG, Koomen JM, Wargo JA, Messina JL, Qi J, Lau EK. Androgen drives melanoma invasiveness and metastatic spread by inducing tumorigenic fucosylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1148. [PMID: 38326303 PMCID: PMC10850104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma incidence and mortality rates are historically higher for men than women. Although emerging studies have highlighted tumorigenic roles for the male sex hormone androgen and its receptor (AR) in melanoma, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these sex-associated discrepancies are poorly defined. Here, we delineate a previously undisclosed mechanism by which androgen-activated AR transcriptionally upregulates fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) expression, which drives melanoma invasiveness by interfering with adherens junctions (AJs). Global phosphoproteomic and fucoproteomic profiling, coupled with in vitro and in vivo functional validation, further reveal that AR-induced FUT4 fucosylates L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which is required for FUT4-increased metastatic capacity. Tumor microarray and gene expression analyses demonstrate that AR-FUT4-L1CAM-AJs signaling correlates with pathological staging in melanoma patients. By delineating key androgen-triggered signaling that enhances metastatic aggressiveness, our findings help explain sex-associated clinical outcome disparities and highlight AR/FUT4 and its effectors as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma Adhikari
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel K Lester
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph O Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrea T Mockabee-Macias
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Izumi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M Guzman
- Analytic Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jane L Messina
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric K Lau
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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50
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Shobade SO, Zabotina OA, Nilsen-Hamilton M. Plant root associated chitinases: structures and functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1344142. [PMID: 38362446 PMCID: PMC10867124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1344142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chitinases degrade chitin, a linear homopolymer of β-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues found in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods. They are secreted by the roots into the rhizosphere, a complex and dynamic environment where intense nutrient exchange occurs between plants and microbes. Here we modeled, expressed, purified, and characterized Zea mays and Oryza sativa root chitinases, and the chitinase of a symbiotic bacterium, Chitinophaga oryzae 1303 for their activities with chitin, di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides and Aspergillus niger, with the goal of determining their role(s) in the rhizosphere and better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions. We show that Zea mays basic endochitinase (ZmChi19A) and Oryza sativa chitinase (OsChi19A) are from the GH19 chitinase family. The Chitinophaga oryzae 1303 chitinase (CspCh18A) belongs to the GH18 family. The three enzymes have similar apparent K M values of (20-40 µM) for the substrate 4-MU-GlcNAc3. They vary in their pH and temperature optima with OsChi19A activity optimal between pH 5-7 and 30-40°C while ZmChi19A and CspCh18A activities were optimal at pH 7-9 and 50-60°C. Modeling and site-directed mutation of ZmChi19A identified the catalytic cleft and the active residues E147 and E169 strategically positioned at ~8.6Å from each other in the folded protein. Cleavage of 4-MU-GlcNAc3 was unaffected by the absence of the CBD but diminished in the absence of the flexible C-terminal domain. However, unlike for the soluble substrate, the CBD and the newly identified flexible C-terminal domain were vital for inhibiting Aspergillus niger growth. The results are consistent with the involvement of the plant chitinases in defense against pathogens like fungi that have chitin exoskeletons. In summary, we have characterized the functional features and structural domains necessary for the activity of two plant root chitinases that are believed to be involved in plant defense and a bacterial chitinase that, along with the plant chitinases, may participate in nutrient recycling in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Shobade
- Ames National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Ames National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Ames National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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