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Guerrache A, Micheau O. TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand: Non-Apoptotic Signalling. Cells 2024; 13:521. [PMID: 38534365 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2 or TNFSF10) belongs to the TNF superfamily. When bound to its agonistic receptors, TRAIL can induce apoptosis in tumour cells, while sparing healthy cells. Over the last three decades, this tumour selectivity has prompted many studies aiming at evaluating the anti-tumoral potential of TRAIL or its derivatives. Although most of these attempts have failed, so far, novel formulations are still being evaluated. However, emerging evidence indicates that TRAIL can also trigger a non-canonical signal transduction pathway that is likely to be detrimental for its use in oncology. Likewise, an increasing number of studies suggest that in some circumstances TRAIL can induce, via Death receptor 5 (DR5), tumour cell motility, potentially leading to and contributing to tumour metastasis. While the pro-apoptotic signal transduction machinery of TRAIL is well known from a mechanistic point of view, that of the non-canonical pathway is less understood. In this study, we the current state of knowledge of TRAIL non-canonical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Guerrache
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France
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2
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Lebrault E, Oblet C, Kurma K, Levoin N, Jeannet R, Jean M, Vacher P, Legembre P. CD95L concatemers highlight different stoichiometries of CD95-mediated apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350626. [PMID: 37837385 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the stoichiometry of CD95L required to trigger apoptotic and nonapoptotic signals, we generated several CD95L concatemers from dimer to hexamer conjugated via a flexible link (GGGGS)2 . These ligands reveal that although the hexameric structure is the best stoichiometry to trigger cell death, a dimer is sufficient to induce the apoptotic response in CD95-sensitive Jurkat cells. Interestingly, only trimeric and hexameric forms can implement a potent Ca2+ response, suggesting that while CD95 aggregation controls the implementation of the apoptotic signal, both aggregation and conformation are required to implement the Ca2+ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Lebrault
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Oblet
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Keerthi Kurma
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Robin Jeannet
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mickael Jean
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes-UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
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3
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Quijano-Rubio C, Silginer M, Weller M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated abrogation of CD95L/CD95 signaling-induced glioma cell growth and immunosuppression increases survival in murine glioma models. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:299-310. [PMID: 36355258 PMCID: PMC9722998 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumor in adults and is virtually incurable. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Over the last decade, multiple growth-promoting functions have been attributed to CD95, a prototypic death receptor well characterized as an apoptosis mediator upon CD95L engagement. Strategic targeting of non-apoptotic or apoptotic CD95 signaling may hold anti-glioblastoma potential. Due to its antithetic nature, understanding the constitutive role of CD95 signaling in glioblastoma is indispensable. METHODS We abrogated constitutive Cd95 and Cd95l gene expression by CRISPR/Cas9 in murine glioma models and characterized the consequences of gene deletion in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Expression of canonical CD95 but not CD95L was identified in mouse glioma cells in vitro. Instead, a soluble isoform-encoding non-canonical Cd95l transcript variant was detected. In vivo, an upregulation of the membrane-bound canonical CD95L form was revealed. Cd95 or Cd95l gene deletion decreased cell growth in vitro. The growth-supporting role of constitutive CD95 signaling was validated by Cd95 re-transfection, which rescued growth. In vivo, Cd95 or Cd95l gene deletion prolonged survival involving tumor-intrinsic and immunological mechanisms in the SMA-497 model. In the GL-261 model, that expresses no CD95, only CD95L gene deletion prolonged survival, involving a tumor-intrinsic mechanism. CONCLUSION Non-canonical CD95L/CD95 interactions are growth-promoting in murine glioma models, and glioma growth and immunosuppression may be simultaneously counteracted by Cd95l gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Quijano-Rubio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Galli G, Vacher P, Ryffel B, Blanco P, Legembre P. Fas/CD95 Signaling Pathway in Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP)-Sensing Receptors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091438. [PMID: 35563744 PMCID: PMC9105874 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of the initial steps of the CD95-mediated signaling pathways is a field of intense research and a long list of actors has been described in the literature. Nonetheless, the dynamism of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) occurring in the presence or absence of its natural ligand, CD95L, and the cellular distribution where these PPIs take place render it difficult to predict what will be the cellular outcome associated with the receptor engagement. Accordingly, CD95 stimulation can trigger apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or pro-inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Recent data suggest that CD95 can also activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) known to sense damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as DNA debris and dead cells. This activation might contribute to the pro-inflammatory role of CD95 and favor cancer development or severity of chronic inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. Herein, we discuss some of the molecular links that might connect the CD95 signaling to DAMP sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Galli
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, University Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (G.G.); (P.B.)
- Centre National de Référence Maladie Auto-Immune et Systémique Rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- INSERM, CRCTB, U1045, University Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, INEM, UMR7355, University of Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France;
| | - Patrick Blanco
- CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, University Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (G.G.); (P.B.)
- Centre National de Référence Maladie Auto-Immune et Systémique Rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haut-Leveque, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
- Correspondence:
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Choudhury SR, Dutta S, Bhaduri U, Rao MRS. LncRNA Hmrhl regulates expression of cancer related genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia through chromatin association. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab042. [PMID: 34734184 PMCID: PMC8559160 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA has emerged as a key regulator of myriad gene functions. One such lncRNA mrhl, reported by our group, was found to have important role in spermatogenesis and embryonic development in mouse. Recently, its human homolog, Hmrhl was shown to have differential expression in several type of cancers. In the present study, we further characterize molecular features of Hmrhl and gain insight into its functional role in leukemia by gene silencing and transcriptome-based studies. Results indicate its high expression in CML patient samples as well as in K562 cell line. Silencing experiments suggest role of Hmrhl in cell proliferation, migration & invasion. RNA-seq and ChiRP-seq data analysis further revealed its association with important biological processes, including perturbed expression of crucial TFs and cancer-related genes. Among them ZIC1, PDGRFβ and TP53 were identified as regulatory targets, with high possibility of triplex formation by Hmrhl at their promoter site. Further, overexpression of PDGRFβ in Hmrhl silenced cells resulted in rescue effect of cancer associated cellular phenotypes. In addition, we also found TAL-1 to be a potential regulator of Hmrhl expression in K562 cells. Thus, we hypothesize that Hmrhl lncRNA may play a significant role in the pathobiology of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Roy Choudhury
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Sangeeta Dutta
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Utsa Bhaduri
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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Rashid K, Röder C, Goumas F, Egberts JH, Kalthoff H. CD95L Inhibition Impacts Gemcitabine-Mediated Effects and Non-Apoptotic Signaling of TNF-α and TRAIL in Pancreatic Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215458. [PMID: 34771621 PMCID: PMC8582466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential apoptotic functions, the CD95/CD95L system can stimulate survival as well as pro-inflammatory signaling, particularly through the activation of NFκB. This holds true for the TNF/TNFR and the TRAIL/TRAILR systems. Thus, signaling pathways of these three death ligands converge, yet the specific impact of the CD95/CD95L system in this crosstalk has not been well studied. In this study, we show that gemcitabine stimulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6 and IL8, under the influence of the CD95/CD95L system and the pharmacological inhibitor, sCD95Fc, substantially reduced the expression in two PDAC cell lines, PancTuI-luc and A818-4. The stem cell phenotype was reduced when induced upon gemcitabine as well by sCD95Fc. Moreover, TNF-α as well as TRAIL up-regulate the expression of CD95 and CD95L in both cell lines. Conversely, we detected a significant inhibitory effect of sCD95Fc on the expression of both IL8 and IL6 induced upon TNF-α and TRAIL stimulation. In vivo, CD95L inhibition reduced xeno-transplanted recurrent PDAC growth. Thus, our findings indicate that inhibition of CD95 signaling altered the chemotherapeutic effects of gemcitabine, not only by suppressing the pro-inflammatory responses that arose from the CD95L-positive tumor cells but also from the TNF-α and TRAIL signaling in a bi-lateral crosstalk manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rashid
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Freya Goumas
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.G.); (J.-H.E.)
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.G.); (J.-H.E.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, 22297 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (K.R.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-171-9531643
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Kim MS, Choi HS, Wu M, Myung J, Kim EJ, Kim YS, Ro S, Ha SE, Bartlett A, Wei L, Ryu HS, Choi SC, Park WC, Kim KY, Lee MY. Potential Role of PDGFRβ-Associated THBS4 in Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092533. [PMID: 32899998 PMCID: PMC7564555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We found increased levels of THBS4 and PDGFRb in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues of colon cancer patients. The relationship and the cause of the increase in these proteins had to be determined. Therefore, we performed several experiments and confirmed that excessive PDGFRb stimulation induces the THBS4 secretion through the intracellular Ca2+ signaling proteins. Our data show the possibility of post-translational modification of THBS4 by PDGFRb stimulation as there was no significant change in the THBS4 mRNA. Abstract Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of death since it frequently metastasizes to several organs such as the lung or liver. Tumor development is affected by various factors, including a tumor microenvironment, which may be an essential factor that leads to tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, abnormal changes in various growth factors, enzymes, and cytokines can wield a strong influence on cancer. Thrombospondin-4 (THBS4), which is an extracellular matrix protein, also plays essential roles in the tumor microenvironment and mediates angiogenesis by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase and is also a downstream signal of TGFβ, is associated with invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer. We identified that PDGFRβ and THBS4 are overexpressed in tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients, and that PDGF-D expression increased after TGFβ treatment in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1. TGFβ and PDGF-D increased cellular THBS4 protein levels and secretion but did not increase THBS4 mRNA levels. This response was further confirmed by the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) blockade as well as the PDGFRβ blockade. We propose that the PDGFRβ signal leads to a modification of the incomplete form of THBS4 to its complete form through IP3R, STIM1, and Ca2+-signal proteins, which further induces THBS4 secretion. Additionally, we identified that DLD-1 cell-conditioned medium stimulated with PDGF-D promotes adhesion, migration, and proliferation of colon myofibroblast CCD-18co cells, and this effect was intensified in the presence of thrombin. These findings suggest that excessive PDGFRβ signaling due to increased TGFβ and PDGF-D in colorectal tumors leads to over-secretion of THBS4 and proliferative tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Hyun Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - JiYeon Myung
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Eui Joong Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Allison Bartlett
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.R.); (S.E.H.); (A.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Han-Seung Ryu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Suck Chei Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.J.K.); (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.R.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Won Cheol Park
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (W.C.P.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Keun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (W.C.P.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.S.K.); (H.S.C.); (M.W.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9437-6774
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Lafont E. Stress Management: Death Receptor Signalling and Cross-Talks with the Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1113. [PMID: 32365592 PMCID: PMC7281445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout tumour progression, tumour cells are exposed to various intense cellular stress conditions owing to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, to which some cells are remarkably able to adapt. Death Receptor (DR) signalling and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) are two stress responses that both regulate a plethora of outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, migration, cytokine production to the induction of cell death. Both signallings are major modulators of physiological tissue homeostasis and their dysregulation is involved in tumorigenesis and the metastastic process. The molecular determinants of the control between the different cellular outcomes induced by DR signalling and the UPR in tumour cells and their stroma and their consequences on tumorigenesis are starting to be unravelled. Herein, I summarize the main steps of DR signalling in relation to its cellular and pathophysiological roles in cancer. I then highlight how the UPR and DR signalling control common cellular outcomes and also cross-talk, providing potential opportunities to further understand the development of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France;
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
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Guégan JP, Ginestier C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas and metastatic disease: What does not kill you makes you stronger. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:121-131. [PMID: 31176682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is the prototype of death receptors; however, evidence suggests that this receptor mainly implements non-apoptotic signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K that are involved in cell migration, differentiation, survival, and cytokine secretion. At least two different forms of CD95 L exist. The multi-aggregated transmembrane ligand (m-CD95 L) is cleaved by metalloproteases to release a homotrimeric soluble ligand (s-CD95 L). Unlike m-CD95 L, the interaction between s-CD95 L and its receptor CD95 fails to trigger apoptosis, but instead promotes calcium-dependent cell migration, which contributes to the accumulation of inflammatory Th17 cells in damaged organs of lupus patients and favors cancer cell invasiveness. Novel inhibitors targeting the pro-inflammatory roles of CD95/CD95 L may provide attractive therapeutic options for patients with chronic inflammatory disorders or cancer. This review discusses the roles of the CD95/CD95 L pair in cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Philippe Guégan
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France.
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Olsen RS, Dimberg J, Geffers R, Wågsäter D. Possible Role and Therapeutic Target of PDGF-D Signalling in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:99-112. [PMID: 30836770 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1576191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) has been shown to mediate cellular processes of importance in cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression and putative involvement of PDGF-D signaling in colorectal carcinogenesis. PDGF-D was expressed in vascular endothelial cells in tumor and normal tissues. PDGF-D stimulation of cells altered genes of importance in carcinogenic processes. In addition, PDGF-D increased the proliferation rate while imatinib inhibited these effects. PDGF-D and its PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR-β) are expressed in colorectal cancer and blockage of PDGF-D/PDGFR-β signaling using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, might be important in inhibiting tumor-promoting actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Slind Olsen
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Diagnostics , Region Jönköping County , Jönköping , Sweden.,b Division of Drug Research, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Jan Dimberg
- c Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare , Jönköping University , Jönköping , Sweden
| | - Robert Geffers
- d Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- b Division of Drug Research, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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11
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Dostert C, Grusdat M, Letellier E, Brenner D. The TNF Family of Ligands and Receptors: Communication Modules in the Immune System and Beyond. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:115-160. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF) include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular functions. The communication pathways mediated by TNFSF/TNFRSF are essential for numerous developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. TNFSF/TNFRSF members regulate cellular differentiation, survival, and programmed death, but their most critical functions pertain to the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are controlled by TNFSF/TNFRSF members in a manner that is crucial for the coordination of various mechanisms driving either co-stimulation or co-inhibition of the immune response. Dysregulation of these same signaling pathways has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of their tight regulation. Investigation of the control of TNFSF/TNFRSF activities has led to the development of therapeutics with the potential to reduce chronic inflammation or promote anti-tumor immunity. The study of TNFSF/TNFRSF proteins has exploded over the last 30 yr, but there remains a need to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the molecular pathways they mediate to design more effective anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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12
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Zhai Y, Bai J, Wang S, Gao H, Li M, Li C, Gui S, Zhang Y. Analysis of clinical factors and PDGFR-β in predicting prognosis of patients with clival chordoma. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:1429-1437. [PMID: 29303447 DOI: 10.3171/2017.6.jns17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEIn this study, the authors' aim was to research clinical features and prognostic factors in patients harboring clival chordomas and explore the relationship between platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) expression and tumor invasion and prognosis of clival chordoma.METHODSA total of 242 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical information, including extent of resection, Al-Mefty classification, postoperative complications, and postoperative radiotherapy, was reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival time. Immunohistochemical analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were used to measure the expression level of proteins or mRNA. Transwell assaying was performed to measure the invasive ability of the tumor cells.RESULTSAccording to the Al-Mefty classification, there were 37, 112, and 93 type I, II, and III tumors, respectively. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 86 cases (35.5%), subtotal resection (STR) in 63 cases (26.0%), and partial resection (PR) in 93 cases (38.4%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in the GTR group were significantly higher than those in the non-total resection (NTR; i.e., STR and PR) group (p < 0.001). The 5-year PFS and OS rates for patients with type I tumors were significantly higher than those for patients harboring types II and III tumors (p < 0.001). In the NTR group, the median PFS and OS of patients with lower PDGFR-β expression were significantly longer than those of patients with higher PDGFR-β expression. Reduction of PDGFR-β suppressed the invasion ability of cells in vitro. In addition, reduction of PDGFR-β can obviously downregulate the expression levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or phospho-mTOR.CONCLUSIONSExtent of resection, Al-Mefty classification, primary tumor, postoperative radiotherapy, and PDGFR-β expression level are valuable prognostic factors in patients with clival chordomas. PDGFR-β could regulate invasion through the mTOR pathway in clival chordoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhai
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
| | - Jiwei Bai
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
| | - Hua Gao
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
| | - Mingxuan Li
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
| | - Chuzhong Li
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
| | - Songbai Gui
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; and
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13
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Mousavi S, Safaralizadeh R, Hosseinpour-Feizi M, Azimzadeh-Isfanjani A, Hashemzadeh S. Study of cofilin 1 gene expression in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:791-796. [PMID: 30505577 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.05.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Cofilin is a key regulatory protein in the dynamics of actin filaments. Previous studies have shown cofilin 1's major role in cell migration process and its role in tumor cell migration and invasion. Therefore, cofilin 1 may have the potential as a novel diagnostic tumor marker in various cancers. In this study, differential expression of CFL1 in CRC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-tumor tissues was investigated and the diagnostic value of this protein in CRC was evaluated. Methods Synthesized cDNA from extracted RNAs of 30 patients were subjected to qRT-PCR to quantify relative expression of cofilin 1. The relationship between cofilin 1 expression and clinicopathological features of patients were studied too. Results The study showed significant upregulation of cofilin 1 in CRC tissue samples compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue samples (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed higher area under the curve (0.85). There was no significant correlation between cofilin 1 expression levels and clinicopathological features of patients. Conclusions According to the obtained results, cofilin 1 can serve as a candidate for clinically useful diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mousavi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Cao K, Tait SWG. Apoptosis and Cancer: Force Awakens, Phantom Menace, or Both? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 337:135-152. [PMID: 29551159 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death serves as an important tumor suppressor mechanism at multiple steps during cancer progression. Equally, engagement of apoptosis represents a potent therapeutic effector mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of apoptosis in cancer may be more complex than previously thought. Indeed, various studies have found that apoptosis signaling also has oncogenic potential. In this review, we discuss how apoptosis can promote cancer and how these effects might be targeted to optimize apoptosis-inducing anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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15
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Heldin CH, Lennartsson J, Westermark B. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J Intern Med 2018; 283:16-44. [PMID: 28940884 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Guégan JP, Legembre P. Nonapoptotic functions of Fas/CD95 in the immune response. FEBS J 2017; 285:809-827. [PMID: 29032605 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Mutations in this receptor are associated with a loss of apoptotic signaling and have been detected in an autoimmune disorder called autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type Ia, which shares some clinical features with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, deletions and mutations of CD95 have been described in many cancers, which led researchers to initially classify this receptor as a tumor suppressor. More recent data demonstrate that CD95 engagement evokes nonapoptotic signals that promote inflammation and carcinogenesis. Transmembrane CD95L (m-CD95L) can be cleaved by metalloproteases, releasing a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). Soluble and membrane-bound CD95L show different stoichiometry (homotrimer versus multimer of homotrimers, respectively), which differentially affects CD95-mediated signaling through molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review discusses the biological roles of CD95 in light of recent experiments addressing how a death receptor can trigger both apoptotic and nonapoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Guégan
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-COSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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17
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Le Gallo M, Poissonnier A, Blanco P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas, Non-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways, and Kinases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1216. [PMID: 29021794 PMCID: PMC5623854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining new blood vessels that develop during inflammatory disorders or cancers act as doors that either allow or block access to the tumor or inflamed organ. Recent data show that these endothelial cells in cancer tissues and inflamed tissues of lupus patients overexpress CD95L, the biological role of which is a subject of debate. The receptor CD95 (also named Fas or apoptosis antigen 1) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Because mutations of this receptor or its ligand lead to autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cancers, CD95 and CD95L were initially thought to play a role in immune homeostasis and tumor elimination via apoptotic signaling pathways. However, recent data reveal that CD95 also evokes non-apoptotic signals, promotes inflammation, and contributes to carcinogenesis; therefore, it is difficult to dissect its apoptotic effects from its non-apoptotic effects during pathogenesis of disease. CD95L is cleaved by metalloproteases and so exists in two different forms: a transmembrane form and a soluble ligand (s-CD95L). We recently observed that the soluble ligand is overexpressed in serum from patients with triple-negative breast cancer or SLE, in whom it contributes to disease severity by activating non-apoptotic signaling pathways and promoting either metastatic dissemination or accumulation of certain T cell subsets in damaged organs. Here, we discuss the roles of CD95 in modulating immune functions via induction of mainly non-apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Gallo
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Amanda Poissonnier
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR CNRS 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, INSERM U1242 COSS Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes-1, Rennes, France
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18
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Gainullin MR, Zhukov IY, Zhou X, Mo Y, Astakhova L, Ernberg I, Matskova L. Degradation of cofilin is regulated by Cbl, AIP4 and Syk resulting in increased migration of LMP2A positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9012. [PMID: 28827787 PMCID: PMC5567079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of cofilin is directly associated with metastatic activity in many tumors. Here, we studied the role of Latent Membrane Protein 2 A (LMP2A) of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in the accumulation of cofilin observed in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) tumor cells. We used LMP2A transformed NPC cell lines to analyze cofilin expression. We used mutation analysis, ectopic expression and down-regulation of Cbl, AIP4 and Syk in these cell lines to determine the effect of the LMP2A viral protein on cofilin degradation and its role in the assembly of a cofilin degrading protein complex. The LMP2A of EBV was found to interfer with cofilin degradation in NPC cells by accelerating the proteasomal degradation of Cbl and Syk. In line with this, we found significantly higher cofilin expression in NPC tumor samples as compared to the surrounding epithelial tissues. Cofilin, as an actin severing protein, influences cellular plasticity, and facilitates cellular movement in response to oncogenic stimuli. Thus, under relaxed cellular control, cofilin facilitates tumor cell movement and dissemination. Interference with its degradation may enhance the metastatic potential of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat R Gainullin
- Central Research Laboratory, Nizhniy Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhniy Novgorod, Minin Sq. 10/1, 603005, Russia.,Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Nizhniy Novgorod State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarin Av. 23, 603950, Russia
| | - Ilya Yu Zhukov
- Central Research Laboratory, Nizhniy Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhniy Novgorod, Minin Sq. 10/1, 603005, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Nizhniy Novgorod State University, Nizhniy Novgorod, Gagarin Av. 23, 603950, Russia
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lidiia Astakhova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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19
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Szarynska M, Olejniczak A, Wierzbicki P, Kobiela J, Laski D, Sledzinski Z, Adrych K, Guzek M, Kmiec Z. FasR and FasL in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:975-986. [PMID: 28766682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common solid organ cancers prevalent worldwide causing, in spite of advancing therapeutic methodology, high rate of patient mortality, especially due to metastasis development. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory of tumor growth indicates that CSCs within the tumor mass have great capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth. Following the suggestion that Fas signaling can be engaged in apoptosis, tumor maintenance, senescence or DICE (death induced by CD95 or CD95L elimination), the attempts to broaden the knowledge concerning the relationships between CSCs features and FasR/FasL appeared to be necessary. The most important advantage of our study was the simultaneously analysis of CSCs from commonly used CRC lines (HCT116 and HT29) and tumor fragments collected from CRC patients. Moreover, the sphere-promoting expansion of CRC lines brought a specific three-dimensional specific environment for CSC exploration. We further investigated the function of Fas signaling in CRC lines depending on the culture mode as we incubated HCT116 and HT29 cells with anti-FasR agonistic antibodies. It appeared to act in a line-dependent and culture mode-dependent manner and influenced some particular features of CSCs such as spherogenicity, proliferation and phenotype. Additionally, the analysis of mRNA level showed that disease progression is associated with significantly increased expression of FasR and/or FasL. In conclusion, our observation seems to confirm that spherical model of cancer lines is more reliable for some sophisticated analysis because of their greater resemblance to the CSCs from human CRC samples in comparison to commonly used adherent cells, at least according to aspects of their biology analyzed in this study. That can be extended to the resemblance of in vitro sphere forming conditions to the in vivo environment. However, the greatest difference concerns the level of apoptosis, thus, this issue require further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szarynska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Laski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sledzinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystian Adrych
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Guzek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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20
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CD95 ligand induces senescence in mismatch repair-deficient human colon cancer via chronic caspase-mediated induction of DNA damage. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2669. [PMID: 28300842 PMCID: PMC5386578 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD95 is best known for its ability to induce apoptosis via a well-characterized pathway involving caspase-mediated proteolytic events. However, in apoptosis-resistant cell lines of diverse cancer types stimulation of CD95 primarily has pro-tumorigenic effects that affect many of the hallmarks of cancer. For instance, in colon cancer cells with a mutant KRAS gene CD95 primarily promotes invasion and metastasis. In the current study, we further investigated the context dependency of the consequences of CD95 activation in colon cancer. We used a series of patient-derived three-dimensional colon cancer cultures and studied their response to stimulation with CD95 ligand (CD95L). CD95L had a strong inhibitory effect on the clone-forming capacity of five out of nine cultures. In line with previous work, these cultures all had a wild-type KRAS gene and expressed high levels of CD95. Furthermore, the most sensitive cultures were characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) and deficient mismatch repair. The reduced clonogenic growth of MSI-type colonospheres resulting from chronic CD95 stimulation was only partly due to apoptosis as many tumor cells survived treatment, yet were unable to regenerate clones. CD95 stimulation caused an irreversible cell cycle arrest, which was associated with cytokine secretion, similar to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase. In human colon cancer cohorts, CD95 expression was strongly correlated with the recently identified consensus molecular subtype 1 (CMS1), which mainly consists of MSI-high tumors, and with two independent SASP signatures. Mechanistically, CD95-induced senescence was caused by chronic DNA damage via caspase-activated DNAse resulting in p53 activation and p21 expression, with a minor contribution of the SASP. We conclude that induction of senescence is a hitherto unrecognized consequence of high CD95 expression, which appears to be most relevant for CMS1.
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Abstract
CD95 is a plasma membrane receptor that belongs to the TNF receptor family (Itoh and Nagata, J Biol Chem 268(15):10932-10937, 1993; Trauth et al., Science 245(4915):301-305, 1989). Accumulating evidence indicate that this so-called death receptor can also trigger non-apoptotic signaling pathways promoting inflammation and oncogenesis (Barnhart et al., Embo J 23(15):3175-3185, 2004; Chen et al., Nature 465(7297):492-496, 2010; Legembre et al., Cell Cycle 3(10):1235-1239, 2004; Legembre et al., EMBO Rep 5(11):1084-1089, 2004; Malleter et al., Cancer Res 73(22):6711-6721, 2013; Tauzin et al., PLoS Biol 9(6):e1001090, 2011). We and others demonstrated that CD95 implements the PI3K signaling pathway through the formation of a molecular complex designated Motility Inducing Signaling Complex (MISC) contributing to cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation and motility (Malleter et al., Cancer Res 73(22):6711-6721, 2013; Tauzin et al., PLoS Biol 9(6):e1001090, 2011; Kleber et al., Cancer Cell 13(3):235-248, 2008). This chapter describes how to immunoprecipitate CD95 to characterize MISC involved in PI3K activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fouqué
- Centre Eugène Marquis, rue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France
- INSERM ERL440-OSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes-1, 2 av. du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Centre Eugène Marquis, rue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.
- INSERM ERL440-OSS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France.
- Université de Rennes-1, 2 av. du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.
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Siegmund D, Lang I, Wajant H. Cell death-independent activities of the death receptors CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2. FEBS J 2016; 284:1131-1159. [PMID: 27865080 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since their identification more than 20 years ago, the death receptors CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2 have been intensively studied with respect to their cell death-inducing activities. These receptors, however, can also trigger a variety of cell death-independent cellular responses reaching from the activation of proinflammatory gene transcription programs over the stimulation of proliferation and differentiation to induction of cell migration. The cell death-inducing signaling mechanisms of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors are well understood. In contrast, despite the increasing recognition of the biological and pathophysiological relevance of the cell death-independent activities of CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2, the corresponding signaling mechanisms are less understood and give no fully coherent picture. This review is focused on the cell death-independent activities of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors and addresses mainly three questions: (a) how are these receptors linked to noncell death pathways at the molecular level, (b) which factors determine the balance of cell death and cell death-independent activities of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors at the cellular level, and (c) what are the consequences of the cell death-independent functions of these receptors for their role in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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Lipid rafts and raft-mediated supramolecular entities in the regulation of CD95 death receptor apoptotic signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:584-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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The role of CD95 and CD95 ligand in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:549-59. [PMID: 25656654 PMCID: PMC4356349 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and its ligand, CD95L, have long been viewed as a death receptor/death ligand system that mediates apoptosis induction to maintain immune homeostasis. In addition, these molecules are important in the immune elimination of virus-infected cells and cancer cells. CD95L was, therefore, considered to be useful for cancer therapy. However, major side effects have precluded its systemic use. During the last 10 years, it has been recognized that CD95 and CD95L have multiple cancer-relevant nonapoptotic and tumor-promoting activities. CD95 and CD95L were discovered to be critical survival factors for cancer cells, and were found to protect and promote cancer stem cells. We now discuss five different ways in which inhibiting or eliminating CD95L, rather than augmenting, may be beneficial for cancer therapy alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy or immune therapy.
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25
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Fas and TRAIL 'death receptors' as initiators of inflammation: Implications for cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:26-34. [PMID: 25655947 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fas (CD95/APO-1) and TRAIL (CD253, TNFSF10, APO2) are members of a subset of the TNF receptor superfamily known as 'death receptors'. To date, the overwhelming majority of studies on Fas and TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) have explored the role of these receptors as initiators of apoptosis. However, sporadic reports also suggest that engagement of the Fas and TRAIL receptors can lead to other outcomes such as cytokine and chemokine production, cell proliferation, cell migration and differentiation. Indeed, although transformed cells frequently express Fas and TRAIL, most do not undergo apoptosis upon engagement of these receptors and significant effort has been devoted toward exploring how to sensitize such cells to the pro-apoptotic effects of 'death receptor' stimulation. Moreover, the expression of Fas and TRAIL receptors is greatly elevated in many cancer types such as hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma and ovarian cancer, suggesting that such tumors benefit from the expression of these receptors. Furthermore, several studies have shown that tumor proliferation, progression and invasion can be impaired through blocking or downregulation of Fas expression, but the mechanistic basis for these effects is largely unknown. Thus, the characterization of Fas and TRAIL as 'death receptors' is a gross oversimplification, especially in the context of cancer. It is becoming increasingly clear that 'death receptor' engagement can lead to outcomes, other than apoptosis, that become subverted by certain tumors to their benefit. Here we will discuss death-independent outcomes of Fas and TRAIL signaling and their implications for cancer.
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Fouqué A, Debure L, Legembre P. The CD95/CD95L signaling pathway: a role in carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:130-41. [PMID: 24780723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a fundamental process that contributes to tissue homeostasis, immune responses, and development. The receptor CD95, also called Fas, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. Its cognate ligand, CD95L, is implicated in immune homeostasis and immune surveillance, and various lineages of malignant cells exhibit loss-of-function mutations in this pathway; therefore, CD95 was initially classified as a tumor suppressor gene. However, more recent data indicate that in different pathophysiological contexts, this receptor can transmit non-apoptotic signals, promote inflammation, and contribute to carcinogenesis. A comparison with the initial molecular events of the TNF-R signaling pathway leading to non-apoptotic, apoptotic, and necrotic pathways reveals that CD95 is probably using different molecular mechanisms to transmit its non-apoptotic signals (NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K). As discussed in this review, the molecular process by which the receptor switches from an apoptotic function to an inflammatory role is unknown. More importantly, the biological functions of these signals remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fouqué
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
| | - Laure Debure
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Université Rennes-1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; INSERM U1085, IRSET, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer "Death Receptors and Tumor Escape", 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre Eugène Marquis, rue bataille Flandres Dunkerque, Rennes, France.
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Hypoxia After Liver Surgery Imposes an Aggressive Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype on Residual Tumor Cells. Ann Surg 2014; 259:750-9. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318295c160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu Q, Tan Q, Zheng Y, Chen K, Qian C, Li N, Wang Q, Cao X. Blockade of Fas signaling in breast cancer cells suppresses tumor growth and metastasis via disruption of Fas signaling-initiated cancer-related inflammation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11522-11535. [PMID: 24627480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for cancer-related inflammation remain to be fully elucidated. Non-apoptotic functions of Fas signaling have been proposed to play an important role in promoting tumor progression. It has yet to be determined if targeting Fas signaling can control tumor progression through suppression of cancer-related inflammation. In the current study we found that breast cancer cells with constitutive Fas expression were resistant to apoptosis induction by agonistic anti-Fas antibody (Jo2) ligation or Fas ligand cross-linking. Higher expression of Fas in human breast cancer tissue has been significantly correlated with poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. To determine whether blockade of Fas signaling in breast cancer could suppress tumor progression, we prepared an orthotopic xenograft mouse model with mammary cancer cells 4T1 and found that blockade of Fas signaling in 4T1 cancer cells markedly reduced tumor growth, inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, blockade of Fas signaling in cancer cells significantly decreased systemic or local recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in vivo. Furthermore, blockade of Fas signaling markedly reduced IL-6, prostaglandin E2 production from breast cancer cells by impairing p-p38, and activity of the NFκB pathway. In addition, administration of a COX-2 inhibitor and anti-IL-6 antibody significantly reduced MDSC accumulation in vivo. Therefore, blockade of Fas signaling can suppress breast cancer progression by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production and MDSC accumulation, indicating that Fas signaling-initiated cancer-related inflammation in breast cancer cells may be a potential target for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China,.
| | - Qinchun Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Cheng Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, and
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China,; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China, and; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
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Koehler BC, Jäger D, Schulze-Bergkamen H. Targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer: Current strategies and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1923-1934. [PMID: 24587670 PMCID: PMC3934462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evasion from controlled cell death induction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Defects in cell death signaling are a fundamental phenomenon in colorectal cancer. Nearly any non-invasive cancer treatment finally aims to induce cell death. However, apoptosis resistance is the major cause for insufficient therapeutic success and disease relapse in gastrointestinal oncology. Various compounds have been developed and evaluated with the aim to meet with this obstacle by triggering cell death in cancer cells. The aim of this review is to illustrate current approaches and future directions in targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer. The complex signaling network of apoptosis will be demonstrated and the “druggability” of targets will be identified. In detail, proteins regulating mitochondrial cell death in colorectal cancer, such as Bcl-2 and survivin, will be discussed with respect to potential therapeutic exploitation. Death receptor signaling and targeting in colorectal cancer will be outlined. Encouraging clinical trials including cell death based targeted therapies for colorectal cancer are under way and will be demonstrated. Our conceptual understanding of cell death in cancer is rapidly emerging and new types of controlled cellular death have been identified. To meet this progress in cell death research, the implication of autophagy and necroptosis for colorectal carcinogenesis and therapeutic approaches will also be depicted. The main focus of this topic highlight will be on the revelation of the complex cell death concepts in colorectal cancer and the bridging from basic research to clinical use.
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Heldin CH. Targeting the PDGF signaling pathway in tumor treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:97. [PMID: 24359404 PMCID: PMC3878225 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important functions in the regulation of growth and survival of certain cell types during embryonal development and e.g. tissue repair in the adult. Overactivity of PDGF receptor signaling, by overexpression or mutational events, may drive tumor cell growth. In addition, pericytes of the vasculature and fibroblasts and myofibroblasts of the stroma of solid tumors express PDGF receptors, and PDGF stimulation of such cells promotes tumorigenesis. Inhibition of PDGF receptor signaling has proven to useful for the treatment of patients with certain rare tumors. Whether treatment with PDGF/PDGF receptor antagonists will be beneficial for more common malignancies is the subject for ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for life laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Brint E, O’Callaghan G, Houston A. Life in the Fas lane: differential outcomes of Fas signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4085-99. [PMID: 23579628 PMCID: PMC11113183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fas, also known as CD95 or APO-1, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor superfamily. Although best characterized in terms of its apoptotic function, recent studies have identified several other cellular responses emanating from Fas. These responses include migration, invasion, inflammation, and proliferation. In this review, we focus on the diverse cellular outcomes of Fas signaling and the molecular switches identified to date that regulate its pro- and anti-apoptotic functions. Such switches occur at different levels of signal transduction, ranging from the receptor through to cross-talk with other signaling pathways. Factors identified to date including other extracellular signals, proteins recruited to the death-inducing signaling complex, and the availability of different intracellular components of signal transduction pathways. The success of therapeutically targeting Fas will require a better understanding of these pathways, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that determine cellular outcome following receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brint
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace O’Callaghan
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Houston
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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PDGFRB promotes liver metastasis formation of mesenchymal-like colorectal tumor cells. Neoplasia 2013; 15:204-17. [PMID: 23441134 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In epithelial tumors, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) is mainly expressed by stromal cells of mesenchymal origin. Tumor cells may also acquire PDGFRB expression following epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs during metastasis formation. Little is known about PDGFRB signaling in colorectal tumor cells. We studied the relationship between PDGFRB expression, EMT, and metastasis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cohorts by analysis of gene expression profiles. PDGFRB expression in primary CRC was correlated with short disease-free and overall survival. PDGFRB was co-expressed with genes involved in platelet activation, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling, and EMT in three CRC cohorts. PDGFRB was expressed in mesenchymal-like tumor cell lines in vitro and stimulated invasion and liver metastasis formation in mice. Platelets, a major source of PDGF, preferentially bound to tumor cells in a non-activated state. Platelet activation caused robust PDGFRB tyrosine phosphorylation on tumor cells in vitro and in liver sinusoids in vivo. Platelets also release TGFB, which is a potent inducer of EMT. Inhibition of TGFB signaling in tumor cells caused partial reversion of the mesenchymal phenotype and strongly reduced PDGFRB expression and PDGF-stimulated tumor cell invasion. These results suggest that PDGFRB may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of colorectal tumors with mesenchymal properties, most likely downstream of platelet activation and TGFB signaling.
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Schneider-Brachert W, Heigl U, Ehrenschwender M. Membrane trafficking of death receptors: implications on signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14475-503. [PMID: 23852022 PMCID: PMC3742255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptors were initially recognised as potent inducers of apoptotic cell death and soon ambitious attempts were made to exploit selective ignition of controlled cellular suicide as therapeutic strategy in malignant diseases. However, the complexity of death receptor signalling has increased substantially during recent years. Beyond activation of the apoptotic cascade, involvement in a variety of cellular processes including inflammation, proliferation and immune response was recognised. Mechanistically, these findings raised the question how multipurpose receptors can ensure selective activation of a particular pathway. A growing body of evidence points to an elegant spatiotemporal regulation of composition and assembly of the receptor-associated signalling complex. Upon ligand binding, receptor recruitment in specialized membrane compartments, formation of receptor-ligand clusters and internalisation processes constitute key regulatory elements. In this review, we will summarise the current concepts of death receptor trafficking and its implications on receptor-associated signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany; E-Mails: (W.S.-B.); (U.H.)
| | - Ulrike Heigl
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany; E-Mails: (W.S.-B.); (U.H.)
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany; E-Mails: (W.S.-B.); (U.H.)
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Schleich K, Lavrik IN. Mathematical modeling of apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:44. [PMID: 23803157 PMCID: PMC3699383 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which is fundamental to all multicellular organisms. Deregulation of apoptosis leads to a number of severe diseases including cancer. Apoptosis is initiated either by extrinsic signals via stimulation of receptors at the cellular surface or intrinsic signals, such as DNA damage or growth factor withdrawal. Apoptosis has been extensively studied using systems biology which substantially contributed to the understanding of this death signaling network. This review gives an overview of mathematical models of apoptosis and the potential of systems biology to contribute to the development of novel therapies for cancer or other apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Schleich
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Department of Translational Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Martin-Villalba A, Llorens-Bobadilla E, Wollny D. CD95 in cancer: tool or target? Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:329-35. [PMID: 23540716 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD95 (Fas/Apo1) in cancer has been a matter of debate for over 30 years. First discovered as an apoptosis-inducing molecule, CD95 soon emerged as a potential anticancer therapy. Yet accumulating evidence indicates a profound role for CD95 in alternative nonapoptotic signaling pathways that increase tumorigenesis. This fact challenges the initial clinical idea of using CD95 as a 'tumor killer' while setting the stage for clinical studies targeting the nonapoptotic signaling branch of CD95. This review summarizes the findings surrounding manipulation of the CD95 pathway for cancer therapy, considering how one receptor can both promote and prevent cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin-Villalba
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ritsma L, Steller EJA, Beerling E, Loomans CJM, Zomer A, Gerlach C, Vrisekoop N, Seinstra D, van Gurp L, Schafer R, Raats DA, de Graaff A, Schumacher TN, de Koning EJP, Rinkes IHB, Kranenburg O, Rheenen JV. Intravital Microscopy Through an Abdominal Imaging Window Reveals a Pre-Micrometastasis Stage During Liver Metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:158ra145. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hoogwater FJH, Steller EJA, Westendorp BF, Borel Rinkes IHM, Kranenburg O. CD95 signaling in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:189-98. [PMID: 22498253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD95 and its ligand (CD95L) are widely expressed in colorectal tumors, but their role in shaping tumor behavior is unclear. CD95 activation on tumor cells can lead to apoptosis, while CD95L attracts neutrophils, suggesting a function in tumor suppression. However, CD95 can also promote tumorigenesis, at least in part by activating non-apoptotic signaling pathways that stimulate tumor cell proliferation, invasion and survival. In addition, CD95 signaling in stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells has to be taken into account when addressing the function of CD95 and its ligand in colorectal tumor biology. We present a model in which the tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities of CD95/CD95L together determine colorectal tumor behavior. We also discuss how these multiple activities are changing our view of CD95 and CD95L as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of colorectal cancer. We conclude that locking CD95 in apoptosis-mode may be a more promising anti-cancer strategy than simply inhibiting or stimulating CD95.
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