1
|
Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan Nanoparticle Based Mucosal Vaccines Delivered Against Infectious Diseases of Poultry and Pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558349. [PMID: 33282847 PMCID: PMC7691491 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease of poultry and pig are major threat to health and cause severe economic loss to the food industry and a global food safety issue. Poultry and pig act as a mixing vessel of zoonotic transmission of disease to humans. Effective mucosal vaccines used in animals could reduce the impact of diseases in food animals. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, and its positive charge makes it a natural mucoadhesive agent. Therefore, since last one-decade chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been in use widely to deliver vaccine antigens in animals through mucosal route. Primary route of entry of most infectious disease pathogen is through oral and nasal routes, and the CS NPs based vaccines delivered through that routes enhance the immunogenicity of encapsulated vaccine antigens by targeting the cargo to mucosal microfold cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Resulting in induction of robust secretory and systemic antibodies and/or cell mediated immune response which provides protection against infections. To date, CS NPs is being widely used for mucosal vaccine delivery in poultry and pigs to control bacterial and viral infections, and tested in several preclinical trials for vaccine delivery in humans. In this review, we highlighted the progress so far made in using CS NPs as a vehicle for mucosal vaccine delivery against infectious and zoonotic diseases of poultry and pigs. Discussed about the need of CS NPs modifications, CS NPs based vaccines induced immune responses and its role in protection, and challenges in vaccination and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu P, Yang L, Yang X, Li T, Graham RI, Wu K, Wilson K. Novel partiti-like viruses are conditional mutualistic symbionts in their normal lepidopteran host, African armyworm, but parasitic in a novel host, Fall armyworm. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008467. [PMID: 32569314 PMCID: PMC7332103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) (e.g. metagenomic and transcriptomic sequencing) have facilitated the discovery of a large number of new insect viruses, but the characterization of these viruses is still in its infancy. Here, we report the discovery, using RNA-seq, of three new partiti-like viruses from African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which are all vertically-transmitted transovarially from mother to offspring with high efficiency. Experimental studies show that the viruses reduce their host's growth rate and reproduction, but enhance their resistance to a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). Via microinjection, these partiti-like viruses were transinfected into a novel host, a newly-invasive crop pest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the Fall armyworm, S. frugiperda. This revealed that in this new host, these viruses appear to be deleterious without any detectable benefit; reducing their new host's reproductive rate and increasing their susceptibility to NPV. Thus, the partiti-like viruses appear to be conditional mutualistic symbionts in their normal host, S. exempta, but parasitic in the novel host, S. frugiperda. Transcriptome analysis of S. exempta and S. frugiperda infected, or not, with the partiti-like viruses indicates that the viruses may regulate pathways related to immunity and reproduction. These findings suggest a possible pest management strategy via the artificial host-shift of novel viruses discovered by NGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Liyu Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Robert I. Graham
- Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adaptation of H9N2 Influenza Viruses to Mammalian Hosts: A Review of Molecular Markers. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050541. [PMID: 32423002 PMCID: PMC7290818 DOI: 10.3390/v12050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of human infections with avian and swine influenza viruses continues to rise, the pandemic risk posed by zoonotic influenza viruses cannot be underestimated. Implementation of global pandemic preparedness efforts has largely focused on H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses; however, the pandemic threat posed by other subtypes of avian influenza viruses, especially the H9 subtype, should not be overlooked. In this review, we summarize the literature pertaining to the emergence, prevalence and risk assessment of H9N2 viruses, and add new molecular analyses of key mammalian adaptation markers in the hemagglutinin and polymerase proteins. Available evidence has demonstrated that H9N2 viruses within the Eurasian lineage continue to evolve, leading to the emergence of viruses with an enhanced receptor binding preference for human-like receptors and heightened polymerase activity in mammalian cells. Furthermore, the increased prevalence of certain mammalian adaptation markers and the enhanced transmissibility of selected viruses in mammalian animal models add to the pandemic risk posed by this virus subtype. Continued surveillance of zoonotic H9N2 influenza viruses, inclusive of close genetic monitoring and phenotypic characterization in animal models, should be included in our pandemic preparedness efforts.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hajam IA, Senevirathne A, Hewawaduge C, Kim J, Lee JH. Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens. Vet Res 2020; 51:37. [PMID: 32143695 PMCID: PMC7060564 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) represent an efficient vaccination tool to deliver immunogenic antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which subsequently stimulate protective immune responses against infectious diseases. Herein, we prepared CNPs encapsulating mRNA molecules followed by surface coating with conserved H9N2 HA2 and M2e influenza proteins. We demonstrated that CNPs efficiently delivered mRNA molecules into APCs and had effectively penetrated the mucosal barrier to reach to the immune initiation sites. To investigate the potential of CNPs delivering influenza antigens to stimulate protective immunity, we intranasally vaccinated chickens with empty CNPs, CNPs delivering HA2 and M2e in both mRNA and protein formats (CNPs + RNA + Pr) or CNPs delivering antigens in protein format only (CNPs + Pr). Our results demonstrated that chickens vaccinated with CNPs + RNA + Pr elicited significantly (p < 0.05) higher systemic IgG, mucosal IgA antibody responses and cellular immune responses compared to the CNPs + Pr vaccinated group. Consequently, upon challenge with either H7N9 or H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs), efficient protection, in the context of viral load and lung pathology, was observed in chickens vaccinated with CNPs + RNA + Pr than CNPs + Pr vaccinated group. In conclusion, we show that HA2 and M2e antigens elicited a broad spectrum of protection against AIVs and incorporation of mRNAs in vaccine formulation is an effective strategy to induce superior immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmed Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamit Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu X, Xiao L, Li L. Research progress on human infection with avian influenza H7N9. Front Med 2020; 14:8-20. [PMID: 31989396 PMCID: PMC7101792 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported, China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9. During the fifth wave, a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged. Meanwhile, the H7N9 virus continues to accumulate mutations, and its affinity for the human respiratory epithelial sialic acid 2–6 receptor has increased. Therefore, a pandemic is still possible. In the past 6 years, we have accumulated rich experience in dealing with H7N9, especially in terms of virus tracing, epidemiological research, key site mutation monitoring, critical disease mechanisms, clinical treatment, and vaccine development. In the research fields above, significant progress has been made to effectively control the spread of the epidemic and reduce the fatality rate. To fully document the research progress concerning H7N9, we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of H7N9, the key gene mutations of the virus, and H7N9 vaccine, thus providing a scientific basis for further monitoring and prevention of H7N9 influenza epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim J, Hajam IA, Lee JH. Human antigen presenting cells stimulated with Salmonella delivered influenza antigens induce cytokine production and proliferation of human CD4 + T cells in vitro. J Immunol Methods 2019; 470:20-26. [PMID: 31028753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the human antigen presenting cells (APCs) can process and present Salmonella expressing H7N9 hemagglutinin (Sal-HA), neuraminidase (Sal-NA) or M2 ectodomain (Sal-M2e) to T cells and subsequently activate CD4+ T cell responses in vitro. In this study, APCs generated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first treated with mitomycin-C, followed by stimulation with Sal-HA, Sal-M2e, Sal-NA or Salmonella alone for 24 h. Subsequently, stimulated APCs were coincubated with untreated PBMCs (1:10) of the same individual for 24 or 72 h and then analysed for cytokine induction and T cell proliferations by qRT-PCR assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Our results demonstrated that APCs stimulated with Sal-HA, Sal-M2e or Sal-NA induced significantly (p < .05) higher CD3+CD4+ T cell proliferations compared to the APCs treated with Salmonella alone. Our data further revealved that APCs treated with Sal-HA induced significantly (p < .05) higher CD3+CD4+ T cell responses compared to the APCs treated with either Sal-M2e or Sal-NA, which both induced almost comparable levels. The T cell proliferation responses were further measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and the results showed that Sal-HA and Sal-M2e stimulated APCs induced significantly (p < .05) higher proliferations in T cells compared to the APCs stimulated with either Sal-NA or Salmonella alone. With respect to cytokine inductions, APCs treated with either Sal-HA or Sal-M2e induced significantly (p < .05) higher mRNA transcription levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-23), Th1 (IFN-γ), Th17 (IL-17 and IL-21) and Th2 (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines in T cells compared to Sal-NA or Salmonella alone treated APCs. In conclusion, we show that Salmonella system can efficiently deliver vaccine antigens to APCs and is, thus, capable to elicit heterologous antigen-specific adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Irshad Ahmed Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng D, Gao F, Zhao C, Ding Y, Cao Y, Yang T, Xu X, Chen Z. Comparative effectiveness of H7N9 vaccines in healthy individuals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:80-90. [PMID: 30148691 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1515454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian H7N9 influenza viruses possess a potential pandemic threat to public health worldwide, and have caused severe infection and high mortality in humans. A series of clinical trials of H7N9 vaccines have been completed. Meta-analyses need to be performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of H7N9 vaccines. METHODS Database research with defined selection criteria was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, etc. Data from randomized clinical trials regarding the immunogenicity and safety of H7N9 vaccines were collected and meta-analyzed. RESULTS For non-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccines, high dose formulations induced limited immunogenicity and increased the risk of local and systemic adverse events, simultaneously. For adjuvanted H7N9 vaccines, on the one hand, ISCOMATRIX, MF59, AS03 and aluminium adjuvants applied in H7N9 vaccines could improve immune responses effectively, and non-aluminium adjuvants had superior performance in saving vaccine dose; on the other hand, aluminium adjuvant had the advantages of safety amongst these adjuvants applied in H7N9 vaccines. CONCLUSION H7N9 influenza vaccines with adjuvant might represent the optimal available option in an influenza pandemic, at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- a Department of Research and Development , Shanghai Institute of Biological Products , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Vascular Disease , Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Disease , Shanghai , China
| | - Feixia Gao
- a Department of Research and Development , Shanghai Institute of Biological Products , Shanghai , China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- b Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Vascular Disease , Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Disease , Shanghai , China
| | - Yahong Ding
- a Department of Research and Development , Shanghai Institute of Biological Products , Shanghai , China
| | - Yemin Cao
- b Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Department of Vascular Disease , Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Disease , Shanghai , China
| | - Tianhan Yang
- a Department of Research and Development , Shanghai Institute of Biological Products , Shanghai , China
| | - Xuesong Xu
- d Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ze Chen
- a Department of Research and Development , Shanghai Institute of Biological Products , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hyoung KJ, Hajam IA, Lee JH. A consensus-hemagglutinin-based vaccine delivered by an attenuated Salmonella mutant protects chickens against heterologous H7N1 influenza virus. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38780-38792. [PMID: 28418904 PMCID: PMC5503571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
H7N3 and H7N7 are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses and have posed a great threat not only for the poultry industry but for the human health as well. H7N9, a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus, is also highly pathogenic to humans, and there is a great concern that these H7 subtypes would acquire the ability to spread efficiently between humans, thereby becoming a pandemic threat. A vaccine candidate covering all the three subtypes must, therefore, be an integral part of any pandemic preparedness plan. To address this need, we constructed a consensus hemagglutinin (HA) sequence of H7N3, H7N7, and H7N9 based on the data available in the NCBI in early 2012-2015. This artificial sequence was then optimized for protein expression before being transformed into an attenuated auxotrophic mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium, JOL1863 strain. Immunizing chickens with JOL1863, delivered intramuscularly, nasally or orally, elicited efficient humoral and cell mediated immune responses, independently of the route of vaccination. Our results also showed that JOL1863 deliver efficient maturation signals to chicken monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) which were characterized by upregulation of costimulatory molecules and higher cytokine induction. Moreover, immunization with JOL1863 in chickens conferred a significant protection against the heterologous LPAI H7N1 virus challenge as indicated by reduced viral sheddings in the cloacal swabs. We conclude that this vaccine, based on a consensus HA, could induce broader spectrum of protection against divergent H7 influenza viruses and thus warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Je Hyoung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Irshad Ahmed Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JH, Hajam IA, Lee JH. Oral immunization with a novel attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium encoding influenza HA, M2e and NA antigens protects chickens against H7N9 infection. Vet Res 2018; 49:12. [PMID: 29391053 PMCID: PMC5796500 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated Salmonella strains constitute a promising technology for the development of efficient protein-based influenza vaccines. H7N9, a low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus, is a major public health concern and currently there are no effective vaccines against this subtype. Herein, we constructed a novel attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain for the delivery and expression of H7N9 hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) or the conserved extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e). We demonstrated that the constructed Salmonella strains exhibited efficient HA, NA and M2e expressions, respectively, and the constructs were safe and immunogenic in chickens. Our results showed that chickens immunized once orally with Salmonella (Sal) mutants encoding HA (Sal-HA), M2e (Sal-M2e) or NA (Sal-NA), administered either alone or in combination, induced both antigen-specific humoral and cell mediated immune (CMI) responses, and protected chickens against the lethal H7N9 challenge. However, chickens immunized with Sal-HA+Sal-M2e+Sal-NA vaccine constructs exhibited efficient mucosal and CMI responses compared to the chickens that received only Sal-HA, Sal-M2e or Sal-M2e+Sal-NA vaccine. Further, chickens immunized with Sal-HA+Sal-M2e+Sal-NA constructs cleared H7N9 infection at a faster rate compared to the chickens that were vaccinated with Sal-HA, Sal-M2e or Sal-M2e+Sal-NA, as indicated by the reduced viral shedding in cloacal swabs of the immunized chickens. We conclude that this vaccination strategy, based on HA, M2e and NA, stimulated efficient induction of immune protection against the lethal H7N9 LPAI virus and, therefore, further studies are warranted to develop this approach as a potential prophylaxis against LPAI viruses affecting poultry birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Irshad Ahmed Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Bruin E, Zhang X, Ke C, Sikkema R, Koopmans M. Serological evidence for exposure to avian influenza viruses within poultry workers in southern China. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:e51-e59. [PMID: 28220658 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The risk of infection with avian influenza viruses for poultry workers is relatively unknown in China, and study results are often biased by the notification of only the severe human cases. Protein microarray was used to detect binding antibodies to 13 different haemagglutinin (HA1-part) antigens of avian influenza A(H5N1), A(H7N7), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) viruses, in serum samples from poultry workers and healthy blood donors collected in the course of 3 years in Guangdong Province, China. Significantly higher antibody titre levels were detected in poultry workers when compared to blood donors for the most recent H5 and H9 strains tested. These differences were most pronounced in younger age groups for antigens from older strains, but were observed in all age groups for the recent H5 and H9 antigens. For the H7 strains tested, only poultry workers from two retail live poultry markets had significantly higher antibody titres compared to blood donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - X Zhang
- Guangdong Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Ke
- Guangdong Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - R Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng D, Chen S, Qu D, Chen J, Wang F, Zhang R, Chen Z. Influenza H7N9 LAH-HBc virus-like particle vaccine with adjuvant protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses. Vaccine 2016; 34:6464-6471. [PMID: 27866773 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The long alpha-helix (LAH) region located in influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) shows conservation among different influenza A strains, which could be used as a candidate target of influenza vaccines. Moreover, the hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) is a carrier for heterologous epitopes in eliciting effective immune responses. We inserted the LAH region of H7N9 influenza virus into the HBc and prepared the LAH-HBc protein, which were capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (VLP), by using E. coli expression system. Intranasal immunization of the LAH-HBc VLP in combination with chitosan adjuvant or CTB∗ adjuvant in mice could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses effectively and provide complete protection against lethal challenge of homologous H7N9 virus or heterologous H3N2 virus, as well as partial protection against lethal challenge of heterologous H1N1 virus. These results provide a proof of concept for LAH-HBc VLP vaccine that would be fast and easy to be produced and might be an ideal candidate as a rapid-response tool against a future influenza pandemic.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Cross Protection
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Shaoheng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Di Qu
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China; Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jones JC, Marathe BM, Lerner C, Kreis L, Gasser R, Pascua PNQ, Najera I, Govorkova EA. A Novel Endonuclease Inhibitor Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Anti-Influenza Virus Activity In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5504-14. [PMID: 27381402 PMCID: PMC4997863 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00888-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are important in preventing and controlling influenza, particularly when vaccines are ineffective or unavailable. A single class of antiviral drugs, the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), is recommended for treating influenza. The limited therapeutic options and the potential risk of antiviral resistance are driving the search for additional small-molecule inhibitors that act on influenza virus proteins. The acid polymerase (PA) of influenza viruses is a promising target for new antivirals because of its essential role in initiating virus transcription. Here, we characterized a novel compound, RO-7, identified as a putative PA endonuclease inhibitor. RO-7 was effective when added before the cessation of genome replication, reduced polymerase activity in cell-free systems, and decreased relative amounts of viral mRNA and genomic RNA during influenza virus infection. RO-7 specifically inhibited the ability of the PA endonuclease domain to cleave a nucleic acid substrate. RO-7 also inhibited influenza A viruses (seasonal and 2009 pandemic H1N1 and seasonal H3N2) and B viruses (Yamagata and Victoria lineages), zoonotic viruses (H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2), and NAI-resistant variants in plaque reduction, yield reduction, and cell viability assays in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with nanomolar to submicromolar 50% effective concentrations (EC50s), low toxicity, and favorable selective indices. RO-7 also inhibited influenza virus replication in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Overall, RO-7 exhibits broad-spectrum activity against influenza A and B viruses in multiple in vitro assays, supporting its further characterization and development as a potential antiviral agent for treating influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bindumadhav M Marathe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Noriel Q Pascua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sha J, Chen X, Ren Y, Chen H, Wu Z, Ying D, Zhang Z, Liu S. Differences in the epidemiology and virology of mild, severe and fatal human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1239-59. [PMID: 26887968 PMCID: PMC7101734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus caused 5-10 % mild and 30.5 % fatal human infections as of December 10, 2015. In order to investigate the reason for the higher rate of fatal outcome of this infection, this study compared the molecular epidemiology and virology of avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses from mild (N = 14), severe (N = 50) and fatal (N = 35) cases, as well as from non-human hosts (N = 73). The epidemiological results showed that the average age of the people in the mild, severe and fatal groups was 27.6, 52 and 62 years old, respectively (p < 0.001). Males accounted for 42.9 % (6/14), 58.0 % (29/50), and 74.3 % (26/35) of cases in the mild, severe and fatal group respectively (p = 0.094). Median days from onset to start of antiviral treatment were 2, 5 and 7 days in the mild, severe and fatal group, respectively (p = 0.002). The median time from onset to discharge/death was 12, 40 and 19 days in the mild, severe and fatal group, respectively (p < 0.001). Analysis of whole genome sequences showed that PB2 (E627K), NA (R294K) and PA (V100A) mutations were markedly associated with an increased fatality rate, while HA (N276D) and PB2 (N559T) mutations were clearly related to mild cases. There were no differences in the genotypes, adaptation to mammalian hosts, and genetic identity between the three types of infection. In conclusion, advanced age and delayed confirmation of diagnosis and antiviral intervention were risk factors for death. Furthermore, PB2 (E627K), NA (R294K) and PA (V100A) mutations might contribute to a fatal outcome in human H7N9 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Senior Cadres, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajin Ren
- Pharmacy Department, The 421 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuqun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ying
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hill AA, Dewé T, Kosmider R, Von Dobschuetz S, Munoz O, Hanna A, Fusaro A, De Nardi M, Howard W, Stevens K, Kelly L, Havelaar A, Stärk K. Modelling the species jump: towards assessing the risk of human infection from novel avian influenzas. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150173. [PMID: 26473042 PMCID: PMC4593676 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The scientific understanding of the driving factors behind zoonotic and pandemic influenzas is hampered by complex interactions between viruses, animal hosts and humans. This complexity makes identifying influenza viruses of high zoonotic or pandemic risk, before they emerge from animal populations, extremely difficult and uncertain. As a first step towards assessing zoonotic risk of influenza, we demonstrate a risk assessment framework to assess the relative likelihood of influenza A viruses, circulating in animal populations, making the species jump into humans. The intention is that such a risk assessment framework could assist decision-makers to compare multiple influenza viruses for zoonotic potential and hence to develop appropriate strain-specific control measures. It also provides a first step towards showing proof of principle for an eventual pandemic risk model. We show that the spatial and temporal epidemiology is as important in assessing the risk of an influenza A species jump as understanding the innate molecular capability of the virus. We also demonstrate data deficiencies that need to be addressed in order to consistently combine both epidemiological and molecular virology data into a risk assessment framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Hill
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
- Author for correspondence: A. A. Hill e-mail:
| | - T. Dewé
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
| | - R. Kosmider
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
| | - S. Von Dobschuetz
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - O. Munoz
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venizie, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Hanna
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
| | - A. Fusaro
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venizie, Padua, Italy
| | - M. De Nardi
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venizie, Padua, Italy
| | - W. Howard
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
| | | | - L. Kelly
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Surrey, UK
| | | | - K. Stärk
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang ZF, He JF, Li XB, Guan WD, Ke CW, Wu SG, Pan SH, Li RF, Kang M, Wu J, Lin JY, Ding GY, Huang JC, Pan WQ, Zhou R, Lin YP, Chen RC, Li YM, Chen L, Xiao WL, Zhang YH, Zhong NS. Epidemiological and viral genome characteristics of the first human H7N9 influenza infection in Guangdong Province, China. J Thorac Dis 2015; 6:1785-93. [PMID: 25589974 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first H7N9 human case in south of China was confirmed in Guangdong Province on August 2013, outside of the typical influenza season. For investigating the H7N9 virus source and transmission in the local community, we analyze the epidemiology and genome features of the virus isolated from the first human infection detected in Guangdong Province. METHODS The data including medical records, exposure history and time line of events for the H7N9 patient and close contacts was collected. Variation and genetic signatures of H7N9 virus in Guangdong was analyzed using ClustalW algorithm and comparison with mutations associated with changes in biological characteristics of the virus. RESULTS The female patient had a history of poultry exposure, and she was transferred from a local primary hospital to an intensive care unit (ICU) upon deterioration. No additional cases were reported. Similar to previous infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, the patient presented with both upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms. Respiratory failure progressed quickly, and the patient recovered 4 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Genome analysis of the virus indicated that the predicted antigen city and internal genes of the virus are similar to previously reported H7N9 viruses. The isolated virus is susceptible to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors but resistant to adamantine. Although this virus contains some unique mutations that were only detected in avian or environment-origin avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses, it is still quite similar to other human H7N9 isolates. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological features and genome of the first H7N9 virus in Guangdong Province are similar to other human H7N9 infections. This virus may have existed in the environment and live poultry locally; therefore, it is important to be alert of the risk of H7N9 re-emergence in China, including emergence outside the typical influenza season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Jian-Feng He
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Wen-Da Guan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Chang-Wen Ke
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Shi-Guan Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Si-Hua Pan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Run-Feng Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Min Kang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Jie Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Jin-Yan Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Guo-Yun Ding
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Huang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Wei-Qi Pan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Yong-Ping Lin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Rong-Chang Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Yi-Min Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Ling Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Wen-Long Xiao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (Guangzhou Medical University), 2 National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China ; 4 Health quarantine (BSL-3) Lab, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China ; 5 Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 6 Huizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huizhou 516001, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu W, Zhang W, Huang X, Clements A, Mengersen K, Tong S. Weather variability and influenza A (H7N9) transmission in Shanghai, China: a Bayesian spatial analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:405-412. [PMID: 25460662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was first found in humans in Shanghai, and infected over 433 patients in China. To date, very little is known about the spatiotemporal variability or environmental drivers of the risk of H7N9 infection. This study explored the spatial and temporal variation of H7N9 infection and assessed the effects of temperature and rainfall on H7N9 incidence. METHODS A Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) model was used to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of the risk of H7N9 infection in Shanghai, by district and fortnight for the period 19th February-14th April 2013. Data on daily laboratory-confirmed H7N9 cases, and weather variability including temperature (°C) and rainfall (mm) were obtained from the Chinese Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention and Chinese Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, respectively, and aggregated by fortnight. RESULTS High spatial variations in the H7N9 risk were mainly observed in the east and centre of Shanghai municipality. H7N9 incidence rate was significantly associated with fortnightly mean temperature (Relative Risk (RR): 1.54; 95% credible interval (CI): 1.22-1.94) and fortnightly mean rainfall (RR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.47-5.56). CONCLUSION There was a substantial variation in the spatiotemporal distribution of H7N9 infection across different districts in Shanghai. Optimal temperature and rainfall may be one of the driving forces for H7N9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- School of Population Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Archie Clements
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Illingworth CJR, Fischer A, Mustonen V. Identifying selection in the within-host evolution of influenza using viral sequence data. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003755. [PMID: 25080215 PMCID: PMC4117419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The within-host evolution of influenza is a vital component of its epidemiology. A question of particular interest is the role that selection plays in shaping the viral population over the course of a single infection. We here describe a method to measure selection acting upon the influenza virus within an individual host, based upon time-resolved genome sequence data from an infection. Analysing sequence data from a transmission study conducted in pigs, describing part of the haemagglutinin gene (HA1) of an influenza virus, we find signatures of non-neutrality in six of a total of sixteen infections. We find evidence for both positive and negative selection acting upon specific alleles, while in three cases, the data suggest the presence of time-dependent selection. In one infection we observe what is potentially a specific immune response against the virus; a non-synonymous mutation in an epitope region of the virus is found to be under initially positive, then strongly negative selection. Crucially, given the lack of homologous recombination in influenza, our method accounts for linkage disequilibrium between nucleotides at different positions in the haemagglutinin gene, allowing for the analysis of populations in which multiple mutations are present at any given time. Our approach offers a new insight into the dynamics of influenza infection, providing a detailed characterisation of the forces that underlie viral evolution. The evolution of the influenza virus is of great importance for human health. Through evolution, current influenza viruses develop the ability to infect people who have been vaccinated against earlier strains. New strains of influenza that infect birds and pigs could evolve to infect and spread between people, causing a global pandemic. The influenza virus lives within a human or animal host, so that viral evolution happens within, or in the spread between, individuals. As such, what happens to the virus during the course of an infection is a question of great interest. We here describe a statistical method that uses viral genome sequence data to measure how evolution affects the influenza virus within a single host. Studying data from infections transmitted between pigs, we find evidence for evolutionary adaptation in six of sixteen animals for which data were available. In one case, an immune response mounted by a pig against the virus is apparent. Our method provides a statistical framework for using sequence data to study viral evolution on very short timescales, enabling new research into within-host viral evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Fischer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|