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Aygün FB, Tellioğlu HT, Kadayıfcılar S. Impact of Solar Eclipses on Vision: Insights from Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Analysis. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:988-995. [PMID: 38738532 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2352014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solar retinopathy, resulting from solar eclipse exposure, poses risks to visual health. This study explores acute and chronic phase findings using clinical examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) with a focus on longitudinal assessment. METHODS Seven eyes with a history of unprotected solar eclipse exposure were included. Clinical examination, fundus photography, OCT, and OCT-A imaging were performed at initial assessment, as well as at one-month and six-month follow-up intervals. Data analysis included descriptive statistics. RESULTS The cases, exposed without protection, underwent assessments, revealing variable visual acuity, outer retinal layer, and Henle fiber layer changes during follow-up. Regression of hyperreflectivity within the outer retinal and Henle fiber layers was observed over time in all eyes, although persistent microdefects within the outer retinal layer were noted in specific cases. OCT-A imaging revealed a larger foveal avascular zone, which persisted over a six-month period in select cases. Additionally, affected eyes exhibited a decrease in superficial vascular density, with subsequent improvement noted during the six-month period. CONCLUSION Solar retinopathy can result in visual impairment, accompanied by alterations observed in the Henle fiber layer using OCT. Additionally, OCT-A findings indicate possible vascular involvement. This study underscores the significance of adopting protective measures during solar eclipses and emphasizes the value of employing longitudinal multimodal imaging techniques to comprehend the pathophysiology of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Bezci Aygün
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Kadayıfcılar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Brandhorst E, Xu L, Klimezak M, Goegan B, Hong H, Hammes HP, Specht A, Cambridge S. In Vivo Optogenetic Manipulation of Transgene Expression in Retinal Neurovasculature. JACS AU 2024; 4:2818-2825. [PMID: 39211617 PMCID: PMC11350597 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The retina is prone to developing pathological neovascularization, a leading cause of blindness in humans. Because excess neovascularization does not affect the entire retina, global inhibition treatment of angiogenesis critically interferes with healthy, unaffected retinal tissue. We therefore established an in vivo photoactivated gene expression paradigm which would allow light-mediated targeting of antiangiogenic genetic treatment only to affected retinal regions. We synthesized a "caged" (i.e., reversibly inhibited) photosensitive 4-hydroxytamoxifen analog. Molecular docking analyses validated its reduced transcriptional activity. Caged 4-hydroxytamoxifen was intravitreally injected into mice harboring the inducible Cre/lox system, with CreERT2 being expressed via the Tie2 promoter in the neurovasculature. Subsequent in vivo irradiation of eyes significantly induced retinal expression of a Cre-dependent transgene in retinal blood vessels. Using GFAP-CreERT2 mice, successful photoactivation was also achieved in eyes and also in ex vivo brain slices for validation of the approach. This highlights the possibility of light-mediated gene therapies specific for the retina, a key first step in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brandhorst
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Liang Xu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Maxime Klimezak
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique, Equipe Nanoparticule Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastien Goegan
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique, Equipe Nanoparticule Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique, Equipe Nanoparticule Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sidney Cambridge
- Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Anatomy II, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University Potsdam, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
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Domínguez-Valdés T, Bonnin-Arias C, Alvarez-Peregrina C, Galvez BG, Sanchez-Tena MA, Germain F, de la Villa P, Sánchez-Ramos C. Violet Light Effects on the Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythm and the Visual System. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:433-445. [PMID: 39189196 PMCID: PMC11348119 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rooms illuminated by "black light" (<400 nm wavelength) has become popular, but there is not enough scientific evidence to support its implementation. This study aims to assess the effects of violet light (392 nm) on the circadian rest-activity rhythm and the visual system through animal experimentation. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Five groups of four mice were exposed to different white light, violet light, and dark periods, and their circadian rhythm was analyzed by measuring the circadian period using rest-activity cycles. Electroretinographic recordings and structural analysis of the retina were also performed on experimental animals. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that mice present normal circadian activity during exposure to violet light, taking rest not only under white light but under violet lighting periods. However, mice suffered a decrease in electrical retinal response after exposure to violet light as measured by electroretinography. Nevertheless, no structural changes were observed in the retinas of the animals under different lighting conditions. CONCLUSIONS Violet light elicits circadian rest-activity rhythm in mice but alters their visual function, although no structural changes are observed after short periods of violet light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Domínguez-Valdés
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (T.D.-V.); (C.B.-A.); (C.A.-P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Cristina Bonnin-Arias
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (T.D.-V.); (C.B.-A.); (C.A.-P.); (C.S.-R.)
- Vision and Ophthalmology Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (T.D.-V.); (C.B.-A.); (C.A.-P.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Beatriz G. Galvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Sanchez-Tena
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (T.D.-V.); (C.B.-A.); (C.A.-P.); (C.S.-R.)
- ISEC LISBOA-Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Germain
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.G.); (P.d.l.V.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.G.); (P.d.l.V.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sánchez-Ramos
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (T.D.-V.); (C.B.-A.); (C.A.-P.); (C.S.-R.)
- Vision and Ophthalmology Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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Kwon Y, Munsoor J, Kaufmann M, Zheng M, Smirnov AI, Han Z. Polydopamine Nanoparticles as Mimicking RPE Melanin for the Protection of Retinal Cells Against Blue Light-Induced Phototoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400230. [PMID: 38816934 PMCID: PMC11304300 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of the eyes to blue light can induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, potentially leading to pathological damage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While the melanin in RPE cells absorbs blue light and prevents ROS accumulation, the loss and dysfunction of RPE melanin due to age-related changes may contribute to photooxidation toxicity. Herein, a novel approach utilizing a polydopamine-replenishing strategy via a single-dose intravitreal (IVT) injection is presented to protect retinal cells against blue light-induced phototoxicity. To investigate the effects of overexposure to blue light on retinal cells, a blue light exposure Nrf2-deficient mouse model is created, which is susceptible to light-induced retinal lesions. After blue light irradiation, retina degeneration and an overproduction of ROS are observed. The polydopamine-replenishing strategy demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining retinal structural integrity and preventing retina degeneration by reducing ROS production in retinal cells and limiting the phototoxicity of blue light exposure. These findings highlight the potential of polydopamine as a simple and effective replenishment for providing photoprotection against high-energy blue light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Su Kwon
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Julie Munsoor
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Mary Kaufmann
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of ChemistryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Zongchao Han
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering & Molecular PharmaceuticsEshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
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Xiong Y, Liao Y, Zhou W, Sun Y, Zhu M, Wang X. Effectiveness of low-level red light for controlling progression of Myopia in children and adolescents. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 49:104267. [PMID: 39009205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level red light (LRL) in controlling the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 at the Xuzhou First People's Hospital. A total of 73 children and adolescents with myopia, between the ages of 6 and 14, and meeting the inclusion criteria, were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group wore single vision spectacles with LRL intervention, while the control group wore single vision spectacles alone. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured for the participants. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. To compare the changes in SER and AL between groups, we utilized the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model. RESULTS The experimental group was composed of 36 individuals, while the control group had 37. The mean age of the participants was 8.9 ± 2.0 years. No statistically significant distinctions in SER, AL and SFCT were observed between the two groups at baseline (P > 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the experimental group's increase in SER (-0.01D; 95 % CI: -0.09, 0.06) was higher than that of the control group (-0.41D; 95 % CI: -0.51, -0.32), with a significance level of P < 0.001. Furthermore, the changes over time revealed significant differences between the two groups (Wald χ2group×time: 31.576, P < 0.001). The experimental group's AL increase (-0.02 mm; 95 % CI: -0.07, 0.03) was less than the control group's (0.22 mm; 95 % CI: 0.19, 0.25) (P < 0.001), with a significant difference over time between them (wald χ2group×time: 62.305, P < 0.001). SFCT change after 6 months in the experimental group was significantly greater (29.19 μm; 95 % CI: 18.48, 39.91) compared to that of the control group (-6.59 μm; 95 % CI: -14.28, 1.09) (P < 0.001). No adverse events were observed, and there was no evidence of fundus structural damage on OCT imaging. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that low-level red light can effectively control myopia progression in children and adolescents within 6 months. No adverse reactions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ya Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; First School of Clinical Medicine of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang CX, Fan B, Chi J, Li YL, Jiao Q, Zhang ZY, Li GY. Differences between long- and short-wavelength light-induced retinal damage and the role of PARP-1 in retinal injury induced by blue light. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109946. [PMID: 38815794 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy uses light of different wavelengths to treat various retinal degeneration diseases, but the potential damage to the retina caused by long-term light irradiation is still unclear. This study were designed to detect the difference between long- and short-wavelength light (650-nm red light and 450-nm blue light, 2.55 mW/cm2, reference intensity in PBM)-induced injury. In addition, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the differences in retinal light damage induced by different irradiation protocols (short periods of repeated irradiation and a long period of constant irradiation). Furthermore, the protective role of PARP-1 inhibition on the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced injury was confirmed by a gene knockdown technique or a specific inhibitor through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the susceptibility to retinal damage caused by irradiation with long- and short-wavelength light is different. Shorter wavelength lights, such as blue light, induce more severe retinal damage, while the retina exhibits better resistance to longer wavelength lights, such as red light. In addition, repeated irradiation for short periods induces less retinal damage than constant exposure over a long period. PARP-1 plays a critical role in the molecular mechanism of blue light-induced damage in photoreceptors and retina, and inhibiting PARP-1 can significantly protect the retina against blue light damage. This study lays an experimental foundation for assessing the safety of phototherapy products and for developing target drugs to protect the retina from light damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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Liu X, Huang K, Zhang F, Huang G, Wang L, Wu G, Ren H, Yang G, Lin Z. Multifunctional nano-in-micro delivery systems for targeted therapy in fundus neovascularization diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:354. [PMID: 38902775 PMCID: PMC11191225 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundus neovascularization diseases are a series of blinding eye diseases that seriously impair vision worldwide. Currently, the means of treating these diseases in clinical practice are continuously evolving and have rapidly revolutionized treatment opinions. However, key issues such as inadequate treatment effectiveness, high rates of recurrence, and poor patient compliance still need to be urgently addressed. Multifunctional nanomedicine can specifically respond to both endogenous and exogenous microenvironments, effectively deliver drugs to specific targets and participate in activities such as biological imaging and the detection of small molecules. Nano-in-micro (NIM) delivery systems such as metal, metal oxide and up-conversion nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, and carbon materials, have shown certain advantages in overcoming the presence of physiological barriers within the eyeball and are widely used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Few studies, however, have evaluated the efficacy of NIM delivery systems in treating fundus neovascular diseases (FNDs). The present study describes the main clinical treatment strategies and the adverse events associated with the treatment of FNDs with NIM delivery systems and summarizes the anatomical obstacles that must be overcome. In this review, we wish to highlight the principle of intraocular microenvironment normalization, aiming to provide a more rational approach for designing new NIM delivery systems to treat specific FNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Fuxiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ge Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guiyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhiqing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Brodzka S, Baszyński J, Rektor K, Hołderna-Bona K, Stanek E, Kurhaluk N, Tkaczenko H, Malukiewicz G, Woźniak A, Kamiński P. Immunogenetic and Environmental Factors in Age-Related Macular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6567. [PMID: 38928273 PMCID: PMC11203563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic disease, which often develops in older people, but this is not the rule. AMD pathogenesis changes include the anatomical and functional complex. As a result of damage, it occurs, in the retina and macula, among other areas. These changes may lead to partial or total loss of vision. This disease can occur in two clinical forms, i.e., dry (progression is slowly and gradually) and exudative (wet, progression is acute and severe), which usually started as dry form. A coexistence of both forms is possible. AMD etiology is not fully understood. Extensive genetic studies have shown that this disease is multifactorial and that genetic determinants, along with environmental and metabolic-functional factors, are important risk factors. This article reviews the impact of heavy metals, macro- and microelements, and genetic factors on the development of AMD. We present the current state of knowledge about the influence of environmental factors and genetic determinants on the progression of AMD in the confrontation with our own research conducted on the Polish population from Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Regions. Our research is concentrated on showing how polluted environments of large agglomerations affects the development of AMD. In addition to confirming heavy metal accumulation, the growth of risk of acute phase factors and polymorphism in the genetic material in AMD development, it will also help in the detection of new markers of this disease. This will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of AMD and will help to establish prevention and early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Brodzka
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Baszyński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Rektor
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Karolina Hołderna-Bona
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emilia Stanek
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Halina Tkaczenko
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Grażyna Malukiewicz
- Department of Eye Diseases, University Hospital No. 1, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Division of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.B.); (J.B.); (K.H.-B.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland;
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Wong KY, Wong MS, Liu J. Nanozymes for Treating Ocular Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401309. [PMID: 38738646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes, characterized by their nanoscale size and enzyme-like catalytic activities, exhibit diverse therapeutic potentials, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-angiogenic effects. These properties make them highly valuable in nanomedicine, particularly ocular therapy, bypassing the need for systemic delivery. Nanozymes show significant promise in tackling multi-factored ocular diseases, particularly those influenced by oxidation and inflammation, like dry eye disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Their small size, coupled with their ease of modification and integration into soft materials, facilitates the effective penetration of ocular barriers, thereby enabling targeted or prolonged therapy within the eye. This review is dedicated to exploring ocular diseases that are intricately linked to oxidation and inflammation, shedding light on the role of nanozymes in managing these conditions. Additionally, recent studies elucidating advanced applications of nanozymes in ocular therapeutics, along with their integration with soft materials for disease management, are discussed. Finally, this review outlines directions for future investigations aimed at bridging the gap between nanozyme research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17 W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
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10
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Jourieh M. Solar retinopathy: A literature review. Oman J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:173-180. [PMID: 39132123 PMCID: PMC11309525 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar retinopathy (SR) refers to retinal injury that results from unprotected excessive exposure to light. It has been associated with direct sungazing, sunbathing, laser pointers, and welding arc exposure. Symptoms are typically bilateral and are characterized by asymmetric decreased vision, central or paracentral scotoma, photophobia, metamorphopsia, and headache. In most cases, recovery occurs spontaneously with no specific treatment within weeks to 6 months after exposure. However, few cases have been reported in the literature using steroids in acute SR because of their anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this review is to present an update about this entity, describing the pathogenesis, risk factors, and diagnostic methods, with focus on management and outcomes of SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jourieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Faura G, Studenovska H, Sekac D, Ellederova Z, Petrovski G, Eide L. The Effects of the Coating and Aging of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Membranes on In Vitro Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:966. [PMID: 38790928 PMCID: PMC11117638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most frequent cause of blindness in developed countries. The replacement of dysfunctional human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells by the transplantation of in vitro-cultivated hRPE cells to the affected area emerges as a feasible strategy for regenerative therapy. Synthetic biomimetic membranes arise as powerful hRPE cell carriers, but as biodegradability is a requirement, it also poses a challenge due to its limited durability. hRPE cells exhibit several characteristics that putatively respond to the type of membrane carrier, and they can be used as biomarkers to evaluate and further optimize such membranes. Here, we analyze the pigmentation, transepithelial resistance, genome integrity, and maturation markers of hRPE cells plated on commercial polycarbonate (PC) versus in-house electrospun polylactide-based (PLA) membranes, both enabling separate apical/basolateral compartments. Our results show that PLA is superior to PC-based membranes for the cultivation of hRPEs, and the BEST1/RPE65 maturation markers emerge as the best biomarkers for addressing the quality of hRPE cultivated in vitro. The stability of the cultures was observed to be affected by PLA aging, which is an effect that could be partially palliated by the coating of the PLA membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Faura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - David Sekac
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (Z.E.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Ellederova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (Z.E.)
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- UKLO Network, University St. Kliment Ohridski, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Carozza G, Zerti D, Tisi A, Ciancaglini M, Maccarrone M, Maccarone R. An overview of retinal light damage models for preclinical studies on age-related macular degeneration: identifying molecular hallmarks and therapeutic targets. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:303-330. [PMID: 38153807 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive and irreversible retinal degeneration, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Due to the complexity and to the multiple features of the disease, many efforts have been made to develop animal models which faithfully reproduce the overall AMD hallmarks or that are able to mimic the different AMD stages. In this context, light damage (LD) rodent models of AMD represent a suitable and reliable approach to mimic the different AMD forms (dry, wet and geographic atrophy) while maintaining the time-dependent progression of the disease. In this review, we comprehensively reported how the LD paradigms reproduce the main features of human AMD. We discuss the capability of these models to broaden the knowledge in AMD research, with a focus on the mechanisms and the molecular hallmarks underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We also critically revise the remaining challenges and future directions for the use of LD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Darin Zerti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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13
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Otsuka Y, Imamura K, Oishi A, Asakawa K, Kondo T, Nakai R, Suga M, Inoue I, Sagara Y, Tsukita K, Teranaka K, Nishimura Y, Watanabe A, Umeyama K, Okushima N, Mitani K, Nagashima H, Kawakami K, Muguruma K, Tsujikawa A, Inoue H. Phototoxicity avoidance is a potential therapeutic approach for retinal dystrophy caused by EYS dysfunction. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174179. [PMID: 38646933 PMCID: PMC11141876 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are progressive diseases leading to vision loss. Mutation in the eyes shut homolog (EYS) gene is one of the most frequent causes of IRD. However, the mechanism of photoreceptor cell degeneration by mutant EYS has not been fully elucidated. Here, we generated retinal organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with EYS-associated retinal dystrophy (EYS-RD). In photoreceptor cells of RD organoids, both EYS and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 7 (GRK7), one of the proteins handling phototoxicity, were not in the outer segment, where they are physiologically present. Furthermore, photoreceptor cells in RD organoids were vulnerable to light stimuli, and especially to blue light. Mislocalization of GRK7, which was also observed in eys-knockout zebrafish, was reversed by delivering control EYS into photoreceptor cells of RD organoids. These findings suggest that avoiding phototoxicity would be a potential therapeutic approach for EYS-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Otsuka
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Imamura
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Asakawa
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risako Nakai
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Suga
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukako Sagara
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Teranaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nanako Okushima
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohnosuke Mitani
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Keiko Muguruma
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Hernández-Bule ML, Naharro-Rodríguez J, Bacci S, Fernández-Guarino M. Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4483. [PMID: 38674067 PMCID: PMC11049838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a procedure that uses light to modulate cellular functions and biological processes. Over the past decades, PBM has gained considerable attention for its potential in various medical applications due to its non-invasive nature and minimal side effects. We conducted a narrative review including articles about photobiomodulation, LED light therapy or low-level laser therapy and their applications on dermatology published over the last 6 years, encompassing research studies, clinical trials, and technological developments. This review highlights the mechanisms of action underlying PBM, including the interaction with cellular chromophores and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The evidence from clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in clinical practice is summarized with a special emphasis on dermatology. Furthermore, advancements in PBM technology, such as novel light sources and treatment protocols, are discussed in the context of optimizing therapeutic outcomes and improving patient care. This narrative review underscores the promising role of PBM as a non-invasive therapeutic approach with broad clinical applicability. Despite the need for further research to develop standard protocols, PBM holds great potential for addressing a wide range of medical conditions and enhancing patient outcomes in modern healthcare practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Bacci
- Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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15
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Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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16
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Du X, Butler AG, Chen HY. Cell-cell interaction in the pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332944. [PMID: 38500685 PMCID: PMC10944940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina is part of the central nervous system specialized for vision. Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders that lead to progressive vision impairment or blindness. Although each disorder is rare, IRD accumulatively cause blindness in up to 5.5 million individuals worldwide. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanisms of IRD are not fully understood and there are limited treatment options available. Most IRD are caused by degeneration of light-sensitive photoreceptors. Genetic mutations that abrogate the structure and/or function of photoreceptors lead to visual impairment followed by blindness caused by loss of photoreceptors. In healthy retina, photoreceptors structurally and functionally interact with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller glia (MG) to maintain retinal homeostasis. Multiple IRD with photoreceptor degeneration as a major phenotype are caused by mutations of RPE- and/or MG-associated genes. Recent studies also reveal compromised MG and RPE caused by mutations in ubiquitously expressed ciliary genes. Therefore, photoreceptor degeneration could be a direct consequence of gene mutations and/or could be secondary to the dysfunction of their interaction partners in the retina. This review summarizes the mechanisms of photoreceptor-RPE/MG interaction in supporting retinal functions and discusses how the disruption of these processes could lead to photoreceptor degeneration, with an aim to provide a unique perspective of IRD pathogenesis and treatment paradigm. We will first describe the biology of retina and IRD and then discuss the interaction between photoreceptors and MG/RPE as well as their implications in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will summarize the recent advances in IRD therapeutics targeting MG and/or RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Y. Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Keshet Y, Weseley PE, Ceisler EJ, Ngo WK, Salcedo A, Walia J, Spaide RF. THE EVOLUTION Of FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE AFTER SHORT EXPOSURE TO HIGH-POWERED HANDHELD LASER POINTER. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:177-180. [PMID: 36730459 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of a full-thickness macular hole after exposure to an extremely powerful handheld laser pointer. METHODS A 14-year-old boy with a laser-induced full-thickness macular hole was evaluated 1 month after a momentary exposure to a 5,000 mW blue laser pointer. Imaging modalities including fundus color, autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, acquired both at our clinic and by the referring physician soon after the injury, are used to describe the clinical evolution of the case. RESULTS Soon after the injury, an intensely white, circular opacification of the retina approximately 400 μm in diameter was seen in the fovea. Early spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images showed full-thickness hyperreflectivity, likely representing tissue necrosis. One month later, a full-thickness macular hole and eradication of the retinal pigment epithelium at its base were evident in the fundus color, autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. CONCLUSION High-power laser pointers have become easily available online. The presenting findings after exposure to such high-power devices are distinct from those reported after exposure to weaker laser pointers. Although long exposure to weaker lasers typically produces extensive, calligraphic figures and yellow placoid lesions involving only the outer retina, in our case, a very brief exposure led to focal full-thickness injury of the fovea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yariv Keshet
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York; and New York University Langone, New York, New York
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18
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Mattam S, Thomas RH, Akansha EO, Jathanna JS, Poojary RR, Sarpangala S, Jose J, Theruveethi N. Influence of white-light-emitting diodes on primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1L5PNs) and remodeling by blue-light-blocking lenses. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:118. [PMID: 38416231 PMCID: PMC10901925 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Studies have explored the consequences of excessive exposure to white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the retina. Hence, we aimed to assess the implications of such exposure on structural alterations of the visual cortex, learning and memory, and amelioration by blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs). Eight-week-old Wistar rats (n = 24) were used for the experiment and divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group) as control, white LED light exposure (LE), BBL Crizal Prevencia-1 (CP), and DuraVision Blue-2 (DB). Animals in the exposure group were exposed to white LED directly for 28 days (12:12-h light/dark cycle), whereas animals in the BBL groups were exposed to similar light with BBLs attached to the LEDs. Post-exposure, a Morris water maze was performed for memory retention, followed by structural analysis of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex. We observed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the functional test on day 1 and day 2 of training in the LE group. Structural analysis of Golgi-Cox-stained visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons showed significant alterations in the apical and basal branching points (p < 0.001) and basal intersection points (p < 0.001) in the LE group. Post hoc analysis revealed significant changes between (p < 0.001) LE and CP and (p < 0.001) CP and DB groups. Constant and cumulative exposure to white LEDs presented with structural and functional alterations in the visual cortex, which are partly remodeled by BBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmitha Mattam
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Sankara College of Optometry, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - R Huban Thomas
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Elizebeth O Akansha
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, USA
| | - Judith S Jathanna
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Radhika R Poojary
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shailaja Sarpangala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Judy Jose
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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19
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Desmettre T, Baillif S, Mathis T, Gatinel D, Mainster M. [Blue light and intraocular lenses (IOLs): Beliefs and realities]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104043. [PMID: 38241770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The first intraocular lenses (IOLs) used for cataract surgery transmitted both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light to the retina. Colorless UV-blocking IOLs were introduced and rapidly adopted in the 1980s. Yellow-tinted blue-blocking (also known as blue-filtering) IOLs were marketed in the early 1990s. Blue-blocking IOLs were intended to simulate age-related crystalline lens yellowing to reduce the cyanopsia that some patients experienced after cataract surgery. When blue-filtering IOLs were introduced in North America, however, blue-blocking chromophores were advocated as a way to protect patients from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) despite the lack of evidence that normal environmental light exposure causes AMD. The "blue light hazard" is a term that describes the experimental finding that acute, abnormally intense light exposures are potentially more phototoxic to the retina when short rather than long wavelengths are used. Thus, in brief exposures to intense light sources such as welding arcs, ultraviolet radiation is more hazardous than blue light, which is more hazardous than longer wavelength green or red light. International commissions have cautioned that the blue light hazard does not apply to normal indoor or outdoor light exposures. Nonetheless, the hazard is used for commercial purposes to suggest misleadingly that ambient environmental light can cause acute retinal phototoxicity and increase the risk of AMD. Very large epidemiological studies show that blue-blocking IOLs do not reduce the risk or progression of AMD. Additionally, blue-filtering IOLs or spectacles cannot decrease glare disability, because they decrease image and glare illuminance in the same proportion. Blue light is essential for older adults' scotopic photoreception needed to reduce the risk of nighttime falling and related injuries. It is also critical for circadian photoreception that is essential for good health, sleep and cognitive performance. Unfortunately, age-related pupillary miosis, retinal rod and ganglion cell photoreceptor degeneration and decreased outdoor activity all reduce the amount of healthful blue light available to older adults. Blue-restricting IOLs further reduce the available blue light at a time when older adults need it most. Patients and ophthalmologists are exposed to hypothesis-based advertisements for blue-filtering optical devices that suppress short wavelength light critical for vision in dim lighting and for good physical and mental health. Spectacle and intraocular lens selections should be based on scientific fact, not conjecture. Ideal IOLs should improve photoreception rather than limit it permanently. Practice efficiency, surgical convenience and physician-manufacturer relationships may eliminate a patient's opportunity to choose between colorless blue-transmitting IOLs and yellow-tinted, blue-restricting IOLs. Cataract surgeons ultimately determine whether their patients have the opportunity to make an informed choice about their future photoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desmettre
- Centre de rétine médicale, 187, rue de Menin, 59520 Marquette-Lez-Lille, France.
| | - S Baillif
- Département d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pasteur, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - T Mathis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - D Gatinel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, fondation A.-de-Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75940 Paris cedex 19, France
| | - M Mainster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Prairie Village, Kansas, États-Unis
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20
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Bao H, Hackshaw KV, Castellvi SDL, Wu Y, Gonzalez CM, Nuguri SM, Yao S, Goetzman CM, Schultz ZD, Yu L, Aziz R, Osuna-Diaz MM, Sebastian KR, Giusti MM, Rodriguez-Saona L. Early Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics. Biomedicines 2024; 12:133. [PMID: 38255238 PMCID: PMC10813180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic muscle pain disorder that shares several clinical features with other related rheumatologic disorders. This study investigates the feasibility of using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a fingerprinting approach to diagnose FM and other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), and chronic low back pain (CLBP). Blood samples were obtained on protein saver cards from FM (n = 83), non-FM (n = 54), and healthy (NC, n = 9) subjects. A semi-permeable membrane filtration method was used to obtain low-molecular-weight fraction (LMF) serum of the blood samples. SERS measurement conditions were standardized to enhance the LMF signal. An OPLS-DA algorithm created using the spectral region 750 to 1720 cm-1 enabled the classification of the spectra into their corresponding FM and non-FM classes (Rcv > 0.99) with 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The OPLS-DA regression plot indicated that spectral regions associated with amino acids were responsible for discrimination patterns and can be potentially used as spectral biomarkers to differentiate FM and other rheumatic diseases. This exploratory work suggests that the AuNP SERS method in combination with OPLS-DA analysis has great potential for the label-free diagnosis of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haona Bao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Kevin V. Hackshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Silvia de Lamo Castellvi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yalan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Celeste Matos Gonzalez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Shreya Madhav Nuguri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chelsea M. Goetzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.M.G.); (Z.D.S.)
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Jackson, SC 29831, USA
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.M.G.); (Z.D.S.)
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Rija Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.A.); (M.M.O.-D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Michelle M. Osuna-Diaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.A.); (M.M.O.-D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Katherine R. Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; (R.A.); (M.M.O.-D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Monica M. Giusti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.B.); (S.d.L.C.); (Y.W.); (C.M.G.); (S.M.N.); (S.Y.); (M.M.G.); (L.R.-S.)
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Vasudevan S, Samuels IS, Park PSH. Gpr75 knockout mice display age-dependent cone photoreceptor cell loss. J Neurochem 2023; 167:538-555. [PMID: 37840219 PMCID: PMC10777681 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
GPR75 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor for which there is currently limited information and its function in physiology and disease is only recently beginning to emerge. This orphan receptor is expressed in the retina but its function in the eye is unknown. The earliest studies on GPR75 were conducted in the retina, where the receptor was first identified and cloned and mutations in the receptor were identified as a possible contributor to retinal degenerative disease. Despite these sporadic reports, the function of GPR75 in the retina and in retinal disease has yet to be explored. To assess whether GPR75 has a functional role in the retina, the retina of Gpr75 knockout mice was characterized. Knockout mice displayed a mild progressive retinal degeneration, which was accompanied by oxidative stress. The degeneration was because of the loss of both M-cone and S-cone photoreceptor cells. Housing mice under constant dark conditions reduced oxidative stress but did not prevent cone photoreceptor cell loss, indicating that oxidative stress is not a primary cause of the observed retinal degeneration. Studies here demonstrate an important role for GPR75 in maintaining the health of cone photoreceptor cells and that Gpr75 knockout mice can be used as a model to study cone photoreceptor cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Vasudevan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ivy S. Samuels
- Research Service, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S.-H. Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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Eom Y, Koh E, Lee DH, Lee SJ, Nam DH. Comparison of patient experiences and clinical outcomes between an illuminated chopper and a conventional chopper under a surgical microscope. J Cataract Refract Surg 2023; 49:1036-1042. [PMID: 37440456 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare patient experiences and cooperation and the clinical outcomes illuminated chopper vs conventional chopper during cataract surgery. SETTING 4 tertiary institutions in Korea. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, paired-eye, controlled pilot study. METHODS 152 eyes of 76 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgeries were enrolled in this study. The surgical method was randomly assigned to each patient's eye (1 eye using the illuminated chopper with a light source and the other using the conventional chopper under the microscope light). Patient suffering scores (the degree of strong light perception, glare, inability to fixate, anxiety, discomfort, and fear) from 0 to 10 (10 being the most severe level); cooperation score from 0 to 3 (3 being the best cooperation); operating time; and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) preoperatively and postoperatively were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The mean patient suffering score of all 6 parameters in the iChopper group was significantly smaller than those in the control group (all P < .05). The mean patient cooperation score of the iChopper group (2.3 ± 0.8) was significantly greater than that of the control (1.6 ± 0.9; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the mean operating time and corneal ECD at each visit between the groups, albeit the mean corneal ECD was significantly decreased from baseline to 1 month after cataract surgery in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Phacoemulsification using the illuminated chopper provides less glare and anxiety and better cooperation during cataract surgery without increasing the operating time and damaging corneal endothelium compared with the conventional chopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Eom
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (Eom); Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (Eom); Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Eom); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia (Koh); Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea (D.H. Lee); Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.J. Lee); Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea (Nam)
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23
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Srinivasan S, Tripathi AB, Suryakumar R. Evolution of operating microscopes and development of 3D visualization systems for intraocular surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2023; 49:988-995. [PMID: 37144641 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high-resolution, heads-up, 3D visualization microscopy systems has provided new technical and visualization options for ophthalmic surgeons. In this review, we explore the evolution of microscope technologies, the science behind modern 3D visualization microscopy systems, and the practical benefits (as well as disadvantages) that these systems provide over conventional microscopes for intraocular surgical practice. Overall, modern 3D visualization systems reduce the requirements for artificial illumination and provide enhanced visualization and resolution of ocular structures, improving ergonomics, and facilitating a superior educational experience. Even when considering their disadvantages, such as those related to technical feasibility, 3D visualization systems have an overall positive benefit/risk ratio. It is hoped these systems will be adopted into routine clinical practice, pending further clinical evidence on the benefits they may provide on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Srinivasan
- From the University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, Scotland, United Kingdom (Srinivasan); University of West of Scotland, Ayr, Scotland, United Kingdom (Srinivasan); Alcon Research LLC, Fort Worth, Texas (Tripathi, Suryakumar)
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24
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Singh S, Keller PR, Busija L, McMillan P, Makrai E, Lawrenson JG, Hull CC, Downie LE. Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 8:CD013244. [PMID: 37593770 PMCID: PMC10436683 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013244.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Blue-light filtering', or 'blue-light blocking', spectacle lenses filter ultraviolet radiation and varying portions of short-wavelength visible light from reaching the eye. Various blue-light filtering lenses are commercially available. Some claims exist that they can improve visual performance with digital device use, provide retinal protection, and promote sleep quality. We investigated clinical trial evidence for these suggested effects, and considered any potential adverse effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of blue-light filtering lenses compared with non-blue-light filtering lenses, for improving visual performance, providing macular protection, and improving sleep quality in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; containing the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; 2022, Issue 3); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; LILACS; the ISRCTN registry; ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP, with no date or language restrictions. We last searched the electronic databases on 22 March 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), involving adult participants, where blue-light filtering spectacle lenses were compared with non-blue-light filtering spectacle lenses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Primary outcomes were the change in visual fatigue score and critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF), as continuous outcomes, between baseline and one month of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, discomfort glare, proportion of eyes with a pathological macular finding, colour discrimination, proportion of participants with reduced daytime alertness, serum melatonin levels, subjective sleep quality, and patient satisfaction with their visual performance. We evaluated findings related to ocular and systemic adverse effects. We followed standard Cochrane methods for data extraction and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1 (RoB 1) tool. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We included 17 RCTs, with sample sizes ranging from five to 156 participants, and intervention follow-up periods from less than one day to five weeks. About half of included trials used a parallel-arm design; the rest adopted a cross-over design. A variety of participant characteristics was represented across the studies, ranging from healthy adults to individuals with mental health and sleep disorders. None of the studies had a low risk of bias in all seven Cochrane RoB 1 domains. We judged 65% of studies to have a high risk of bias due to outcome assessors not being masked (detection bias) and 59% to be at high risk of bias of performance bias as participants and personnel were not masked. Thirty-five per cent of studies were pre-registered on a trial registry. We did not perform meta-analyses for any of the outcome measures, due to lack of available quantitative data, heterogenous study populations, and differences in intervention follow-up periods. There may be no difference in subjective visual fatigue scores with blue-light filtering lenses compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses, at less than one week of follow-up (low-certainty evidence). One RCT reported no difference between intervention arms (mean difference (MD) 9.76 units (indicating worse symptoms), 95% confidence interval (CI) -33.95 to 53.47; 120 participants). Further, two studies (46 participants, combined) that measured visual fatigue scores reported no significant difference between intervention arms. There may be little to no difference in CFF with blue-light filtering lenses compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses, measured at less than one day of follow-up (low-certainty evidence). One study reported no significant difference between intervention arms (MD - 1.13 Hz lower (indicating poorer performance), 95% CI - 3.00 to 0.74; 120 participants). Another study reported a less negative change in CFF (indicating less visual fatigue) with high- compared to low-blue-light filtering and no blue-light filtering lenses. Compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses, there is probably little or no effect with blue-light filtering lenses on visual performance (BCVA) (MD 0.00 logMAR units, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.02; 1 study, 156 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and unknown effects on daytime alertness (2 RCTs, 42 participants; very low-certainty evidence); uncertainty in these effects was due to lack of available data and the small number of studies reporting these outcomes. We do not know if blue-light filtering spectacle lenses are equivalent or superior to non-blue-light filtering spectacle lenses with respect to sleep quality (very low-certainty evidence). Inconsistent findings were evident across six RCTs (148 participants); three studies reported a significant improvement in sleep scores with blue-light filtering lenses compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses, and the other three studies reported no significant difference between intervention arms. We noted differences in the populations across studies and a lack of quantitative data. Device-related adverse effects were not consistently reported (9 RCTs, 333 participants; low-certainty evidence). Nine studies reported on adverse events related to study interventions; three studies described the occurrence of such events. Reported adverse events related to blue-light filtering lenses were infrequent, but included increased depressive symptoms, headache, discomfort wearing the glasses, and lower mood. Adverse events associated with non-blue-light filtering lenses were occasional hyperthymia, and discomfort wearing the spectacles. We were unable to determine whether blue-light filtering lenses affect contrast sensitivity, colour discrimination, discomfort glare, macular health, serum melatonin levels or overall patient visual satisfaction, compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses, as none of the studies evaluated these outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found that blue-light filtering spectacle lenses may not attenuate symptoms of eye strain with computer use, over a short-term follow-up period, compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses. Further, this review found no clinically meaningful difference in changes to CFF with blue-light filtering lenses compared to non-blue-light filtering lenses. Based on the current best available evidence, there is probably little or no effect of blue-light filtering lenses on BCVA compared with non-blue-light filtering lenses. Potential effects on sleep quality were also indeterminate, with included trials reporting mixed outcomes among heterogeneous study populations. There was no evidence from RCT publications relating to the outcomes of contrast sensitivity, colour discrimination, discomfort glare, macular health, serum melatonin levels, or overall patient visual satisfaction. Future high-quality randomised trials are required to define more clearly the effects of blue-light filtering lenses on visual performance, macular health and sleep, in adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Keller
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ljoudmila Busija
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick McMillan
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eve Makrai
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John G Lawrenson
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher C Hull
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Eom S, Lee SY, Park JT, Choi I. Alveoli-Like Multifunctional Scaffolds for Optical and Electrochemical In Situ Monitoring of Cellular Responses from Type II Pneumocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301395. [PMID: 37246281 PMCID: PMC10427368 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While breathing, alveoli are exposed to external irritants, which contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. Therefore, in situ monitoring of alveolar responses to stimuli of toxicants under in vivo environments is important to understand lung disease. For this purpose, 3D cell cultures are recently employed for examining cellular responses of pulmonary systems exposed to irritants; however, most of them have used ex situ assays requiring cell lysis and fluorescent labeling. Here, an alveoli-like multifunctional scaffold is demonstrated for optical and electrochemical monitoring of cellular responses of pneumocytes. Porous foam with dimensions like the alveoli structure is used as a backbone for the scaffold, wherein electroactive metal-organic framework crystals, optically active gold nanoparticles, and biocompatible hyaluronic acid are integrated. The fabricated multifunctional scaffold allows for label-free detection and real-time monitoring of oxidative stress released in pneumocytes under toxic-conditions via redox-active amperometry and nanospectroscopy. Moreover, cellular behavior can be statistically classified based on fingerprint Raman signals collected from the cells on the scaffold. The developed scaffold is expected to serve as a promising platform to investigate cellular responses and disease pathogenesis, owing to its versatility in monitoring electrical and optical signals from cells in situ in the 3D microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyeon Eom
- Department of Life ScienceUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life ScienceUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
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Li YL, Zhang TZ, Han LK, He C, Pan YR, Fan B, Li GY. The AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy plays a crucial role in protecting photoreceptor from photooxidative injury. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112735. [PMID: 37302156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive light exposure can potentially cause irreversible damage to the various photoreceptor cells, and this aspect has been considered as an important factor leading to the progression of the different retinal diseases. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are crucial intracellular signaling hubs involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, cellular growth and autophagy. A number of previous studies have indicated that either AMPK activation or mTOR inhibition can promote autophagy in most cases. In the current study, we have established an in vitro as well as in vivo photooxidation-damaged photoreceptor model and investigated the possible influence of visible light exposure in the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. We have also explored the potential regulatory effects of AMPK/mTOR on light-induced autophagy and protection achieved by suppressing autophagy in photooxidation-damaged photoreceptors. We observed that light exposure led to a significant activation of mTOR and autophagy in the photoreceptor cells. However, intriguingly, AMPK activation or mTOR inhibition significantly inhibited rather than promoting autophagy, which was termed as AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy. In addition, either indirectly suppressing autophagy by AMPK activation/ mTOR inhibition or directly blocking autophagy with an inhibitor exerted a significant protective effect on the photoreceptor cells against the photooxidative damage. Neuroprotective effects caused by the AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy were also verified with a retinal light injured mouse model in vivo. Overall, our findings demonstrated that AMPK / mTOR pathway could inhibit autophagy through AMPK-dependent inhibition of autophagy to significantly protect the photoreceptors from photooxidative injury, which may aid to further develop novel targeted retinal neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Tian-Zi Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li-Kun Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chang He
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yi-Ran Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China.
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China.
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27
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Kim DJ, Kim DG, Park KH. THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEADS-UP VITRECTOMY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPIC VITRECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE. Retina 2023; 43:1010-1018. [PMID: 36763981 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of 3D heads-up display (3D-HUD) vitrectomy compared with conventional microscopy (CM) vitrectomy in epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. METHODS Epiretinal membrane removal with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was performed using a 3D-HUD or CM system. The mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and in central macular thickness (CMT) and postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS Baseline demographics were comparable except for the follow-up period. Both BCVA and CMT improved at the final visit (all P < 0.05). The ERM recurrence and dissociated optic nerve fiber layer (DONFL) rates were lower in the 3D group (both P < 0.05). conventional microscopic vitrectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 12.86, P = 0.02) and absence of ILM peeling (OR = 45.25, P < 0.05) were associated with ERM recurrence. In the DONFL, CM vitrectomy (OR = 1.98, <0.05) and combined phacovitrectomy (OR = 2.33, P = 0.03) were analyzed as risk factors for DONFL. CONCLUSION The improvement in BCVA and CMT in ERM surgery using a 3D-HUD is comparable with that of CM vitrectomy, with a significantly low rate of ERM recurrence and DONFL occurrence. Therefore, 3D vitrectomy might have an advantage for ERM surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Geun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; and
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Wang C, Sun Y, Huang S, Wei Z, Tan J, Wu C, Chen Q, Zhang X. Self-Immolative Photosensitizers for Self-Reported Cancer Phototheranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers to precise target and change fluorescence upon light illumination could accurately self-report where and when the photosensitizers work, enabling us to visualize the therapeutic process and precisely regulate treatment outcomes, which is the unremitting pursuit of precision and personalized medicine. Here, we report self-immolative photosensitizers by adopting a strategy of light-manipulated oxidative cleavage of C═C bonds that can generate a burst of reactive oxygen species, to cleave to release self-reported red-emitting products and trigger nonapoptotic cell oncosis. Strong electron-withdrawing groups are found to effectively suppress the C═C bond cleavage and phototoxicity via studying the structure-activity relationship, allowing us to elaborate NG1-NG5 that could temporarily inactivate the photosensitizer and quench the fluorescence by different glutathione (GSH)-responsive groups. Thereinto, NG2 with 2-cyano-4-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl group displays excellent GSH responsiveness than the other four. Surprisingly, NG2 shows better reactivity with GSH in weakly acidic condition, which inspires the application in weakly acidic tumor microenvironment where GSH elevates. To this end, we further synthesize NG-cRGD by anchoring integrin αvβ3 binding cyclic pentapeptide (cRGD) for tumor targeting. In A549 xenografted tumor mice, NG-cRGD successfully deprotects to restore near-infrared fluorescence because of elevated GSH in tumor site, which is subsequently cleaved upon light irradiation releasing red-emitting products to report photosensitizer working, while effectively ablating tumors via triggered oncosis. The advanced self-immolative organic photosensitizer may accelerate the development of self-reported phototheranostics in future precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Shaojuan Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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Jiang PY, Li ZP, Ye WL, Hong Y, Dai C, Huang X, Xi SQ, Lu J, Cui DJ, Cao Y, Xu F, Pan JW. Long range 3D imaging through atmospheric obscurants using array-based single-photon LiDAR. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16054-16066. [PMID: 37157692 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has emerged as a strong candidate technology for active imaging applications. In particular, the single-photon sensitivity and picosecond timing resolution permits high-precision three-dimensional (3D) imaging capability through atmospheric obscurants including fog, haze and smoke. Here we demonstrate an array-based single-photon LiDAR system, which is capable of performing 3D imaging in atmospheric obscurant over long ranges. By adopting the optical optimization of system and the photon-efficient imaging algorithm, we acquire depth and intensity images through dense fog equivalent to 2.74 attenuation lengths at distances of 13.4 km and 20.0 km. Furthermore, we demonstrate real-time 3D imaging for moving targets at 20 frames per second in mist weather conditions over 10.5 km. The results indicate great potential for practical applications of vehicle navigation and target recognition in challenging weather.
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Ding J, Lu J, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Song B, Wu Y, Shi H, Chu B, Wang H, He Y. Camouflage Nanoparticles Enable in Situ Bioluminescence-Driven Optogenetic Therapy of Retinoblastoma. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7750-7764. [PMID: 37022677 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic therapy has emerged as a promising technique for the treatment of ocular diseases; however, most optogenetic tools rely on external blue light to activate the photoswitch, whose relatively strong phototoxicity may induce retinal damage. Herein, we present the demonstration of camouflage nanoparticle-based vectors for in situ bioluminescence-driven optogenetic therapy of retinoblastoma. In biomimetic vectors, the photoreceptor CRY2 and its interacting partner CIB1 plasmid are camouflaged with folic acid ligands and luciferase NanoLuc-modified macrophage membranes. To conduct proof-of-concept research, this study employs a mouse model of retinoblastoma. In comparison to external blue light irradiation, the developed system enables an in situ bioluminescence-activated apoptotic pathway to inhibit tumor growth with greater therapeutic efficacy, resulting in a significant reduction in ocular tumor size. Furthermore, unlike external blue light irradiation, which causes retinal damage and corneal neovascularization, the camouflage nanoparticle-based optogenetic system maintains retinal structural integrity while avoiding corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ding
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Song
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoliang Shi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Binbin Chu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Houyu Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yao He
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Durmus Ece BS. Macular burn secondary to diode laser epilation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 58:e95-e97. [PMID: 36029828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention-A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:755-788. [PMID: 36808601 PMCID: PMC9938358 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to blue light has seriously increased in our environment since the arrival of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and, in recent years, the proliferation of digital devices rich in blue light. This raises some questions about its potential deleterious effects on eye health. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the ocular effects of blue light and to discuss the efficiency of methods of protection and prevention against potential blue light-induced ocular injury. METHODS The search of relevant English articles was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022. RESULTS Blue light exposure provokes photochemical reactions in most eye tissues, in particular the cornea, the lens, and the retina. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that certain exposures to blue light (depending on the wavelength or intensity) can cause temporary or permanent damage to some structures of the eye, especially the retina. However, currently, there is no evidence that screen use and LEDs in normal use are deleterious to the human retina. Regarding protection, there is currently no evidence of a beneficial effect of blue blocking lenses for the prevention of eye diseases, in particular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In humans, macular pigments (composed of lutein and zeaxanthin) represent a natural protection by filtering blue light, and can be increased through increased intake from foods or food supplements. These nutrients are associated with lower risk for AMD and cataract. Antioxidants such as vitamins C, E, or zinc might also contribute to the prevention of photochemical ocular damage by preventing oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Currently, there is no evidence that LEDs in normal use at domestic intensity levels or in screen devices are retinotoxic to the human eye. However, the potential toxicity of long-term cumulative exposure and the dose-response effect are currently unknown.
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Foveal photoreceptor disruption in ocular diseases: An optical coherence tomography-based differential diagnosis. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00046-2. [PMID: 36934831 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Fovea centralis, located at the center of the macula, is packed with cone photoreceptors and is responsible for central visual acuity. Isolated foveal photoreceptor disruption may occur in a variety of hereditary, degenerative, traumatic, and toxic chorioretinal diseases. These have been known previously by multiple synonyms including macular microhole, foveal spot, and outer foveal microdefects. A common clinical feature underlying these conditions is the presence of apparently normal fovea or subtle hypopigmented lesion at the foveal or juxtafoveal area. A detailed history along with high-resolution optical coherence tomography is often helpful to derive a conclusive diagnosis in majority of these cases. Focal photoreceptor disruption usually involves loss or rarefaction of ellipsoid/interdigitation zone, either in isolation or associated with external limiting membrane or retinal pigment epithelium disruption in the fovea. Vitreomacular interface (VMI) disorders including vitreomacular traction, posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal membrane, and impending macular hole possibly remain the most common cause. Retinal dystrophies such as cone dystrophy, occult macular dystrophy, and achromatopsia may present with diminution of vision and normal appearing fundus in a younger age group. Other causes include photic retinopathy (e.g., from a history of sun gazing, or laser pointer exposure), blunt trauma, drug exposure (e.g., poppers maculopathy or tamoxifen retinopathy), and acute retinal pigment epitheliopathy (ARPE). Visual prognosis depends on the underlying etiology with complete recovery common in the subset of patients with VMI, and ARPE, whereas persistent outer retinal defects are the rule in other conditions. We discuss the differential diagnoses that lead to isolated foveal photoreceptor defects. Identifying and understanding the underlying disease processes that cause foveal photoreceptor disruption may help predict visual prognosis.
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Eom Y, Lee YJ, Song JS, Kim HM, Nam DH. Effect of surgical microscope and illuminated chopper on anterior chamber temperature. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36690966 PMCID: PMC9869552 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of the light intensity of the surgical microscope and illuminated chopper on the anterior chamber temperature. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS A model eye (Kitaro WetLab System; FCI Ophthalmics, Pembroke, MA, USA) was used in this experimental study. The illuminance of a surgical microscope (Leica M300; Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and illuminated chopper (iChopper NAM-25 GB; Oculight, Korea) with a light source (iVision; Oculight) was measured using an illuminometer. In addition, the temperature in the anterior chamber of the model eye filled with balanced salt solution when using the surgical microscope with a light intensity from level 1 to level 6 and the illuminated chopper at 99% light intensity was measured for 10 min. RESULTS The anterior chamber temperature was increased by 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.4 ℃ when using the surgical microscope at level 3 (10050 lux), 4 (16490 lux), 5 (24900 lux), and 6 (32500 lux), respectively, for 10 min. The illuminated chopper at 99% light intensity (14893 lux) positioned in the anterior chamber increased the anterior chamber temperature by 0.2° C after 10 min, which was equal to the increase in the temperature caused by the surgical microscope at level 3. CONCLUSION The photothermal effect of the illuminated chopper directly positioned in the anterior chamber appeared to be similar to that of a microscope with similar illuminance. Therefore, the illuminated chopper is safe in terms of anterior chamber temperature changes in cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsub Eom
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355 Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Clinic Building B, 1365B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Young Joo Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355 Republic of Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Myung Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Heun Nam
- grid.411652.5Department of Ophthalmology, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, 21, Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565 Republic of Korea
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Theruveethi N, Joshi MB, Jathanna JS, Valiathan M, Kabekkodu SP, Bhandarkar M, Thomas RH, Thangarajan R, Bhat SS, Surendran S. Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010081. [PMID: 36677006 PMCID: PMC9861686 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to understand the repercussions of LED radiation on vitreous metabolites. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group). Three experimental groups of rats were exposed to either blue, white, or yellow LED light for 90 days (12:12 light-dark cycle routine) with uniform illumination (450−500 lux). Standard lab settings were used to maintain control rats. Vitreous fluids were subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). PLS-DA analysis indicated significant the separation of m metabolites among groups, suggesting that LED exposure induces metabolic reprogramming in the vitreous. Amino acids and their modifications showed significant alterations among groups which included D-alanine, D-serine (p < 0.05), lysine (p < 0.001), aspartate (p = 0.0068), glutathione (p = 0.0263), taurine (p = 0.007), and hypotaurine. In chronic light exposure, the self-protective or reworking system could be depleted, which may decrease the ability to compensate for the defending mechanism. This might fail to maintain the metabolomic structural integrity of the vitreous metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Judith S. Jathanna
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Manna Valiathan
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Manasa Bhandarkar
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - R. Huban Thomas
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Rajesh Thangarajan
- Department of Anatomy, International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Shailaja S. Bhat
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sudarshan Surendran
- American University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Coolidge P.O. Box 1451, Antigua and Barbuda
- Correspondence:
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Pacwa A, Machowicz J, Akhtar S, Rodak P, Liu X, Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Lewin-Kowalik J, Amadio M, Smedowski A. Deficiency of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL1/HuR leads to the failure of endogenous and exogenous neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1131356. [PMID: 36874215 PMCID: PMC9982123 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction ELAVL1/HuR is a keystone regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, including stress response and homeostasis maintenance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hur silencing on the age-related degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which potentially describes the efficiency of endogenous neuroprotection mechanisms, as well as to assess the exogenous neuroprotection capacity of hur-silenced RGC in the rat glaucoma model. Methods The study consisted of in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro, we used rat B-35 cells to investigate, whether AAV-shRNA-HuR delivery affects survival and oxidative stress markers under temperature and excitotoxic insults. In vivo approach consisted of two different settings. In first one, 35 eight-week-old rats received intravitreal injection of AAV-shRNA-HuR or AAV-shRNA scramble control. Animals underwent electroretinography tests and were sacrificed 2, 4 or 6 months after injection. Retinas and optic nerves were collected and processed for immunostainings, electron microscopy and stereology. For the second approach, animals received similar gene constructs. To induce chronic glaucoma, 8 weeks after AAV injection, unilateral episcleral vein cauterization was performed. Animals from each group received intravitreal injection of metallothionein II. Animals underwent electroretinography tests and were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Retinas and optic nerves were collected and processed for immunostainings, electron microscopy and stereology. Results Silencing of hur induced apoptosis and increased oxidative stress markers in B-35 cells. Additionally, shRNA treatment impaired the cellular stress response to temperature and excitotoxic insults. In vivo, RGC count was decreased by 39% in shRNA-HuR group 6 months after injection, when compared to shRNA scramble control group. In neuroprotection study, the average loss of RGCs was 35% in animals with glaucoma treated with metallothionein and shRNA-HuR and 11.4% in animals with glaucoma treated with metallothionein and the scramble control shRNA. An alteration in HuR cellular content resulted in diminished photopic negative responses in the electroretinogram. Conclusions Based on our findings, we conclude that HuR is essential for the survival and efficient neuroprotection of RGC and that the induced alteration in HuR content accelerates both the age-related and glaucoma-induced decline in RGC number and function, further confirming HuR's key role in maintaining cell homeostasis and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pacwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Machowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Piotr Rodak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marita Pietrucha-Dutczak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, The University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
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Zhang CX, Lou Y, Chi J, Bao XL, Fan B, Li GY. Considerations for the Use of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Retinal Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121811. [PMID: 36551239 PMCID: PMC9775242 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to the beneficial effect produced from low-energy light irradiation on target cells or tissues. Increasing evidence in the literature suggests that PBM plays a positive role in the treatment of retinal diseases. However, there is great variation in the light sources and illumination parameters used in different studies, resulting in significantly different conclusions regarding PBM's therapeutic effects. In addition, the mechanism by which PBM improves retinal function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a narrative review of the published literature on PBM for treating retinal diseases and summarized the key illumination parameters used in PBM. Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of PBM at the retinal cellular level with the goal of providing evidence for the improved utilization of PBM in the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (G.-Y.L.)
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130042, China
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (G.-Y.L.)
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Changes in retinal vessel and retinal layer thickness after cross-linking in keratoconus via swept-source OCT angiography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:3919-3925. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhang C, Xu L, Endo M, Kahyo T, Kikushima K, Horikawa M, Murakami M, Waliullah A, Hasan M, Sakamoto T, Takahashi Y, Aramaki S, Ozawa T, Setou M. Blue light alters cellular lipidome—Light-induced lipidomic changes can be modulated by optogenetically engineered cPLA2α. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Akansha EO, Bui BV, Ganeshrao SB, Bakthavatchalam P, Gopalakrishnan S, Mattam S, Poojary RR, Jathanna JS, Jose J, Theruveethi NN. Blue-Light-Blocking Lenses Ameliorate Structural Alterations in the Rodent Hippocampus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12922. [PMID: 36232222 PMCID: PMC9564388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that prolonged blue-light exposure can impact vision; however, less is known about its impact on non-visual higher-order functions in the brain, such as learning and memory. Blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs) claim to reduce these potential impacts. Hence, we assessed structural and functional hippocampal alterations following blue-light exposure and the protective efficacy of BBLs. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 6 in each group) normal control (NC), blue-light exposure (LE), and blue-light with BBLs (Crizal Prevencia, CP and DuraVision Blue, DB) groups. After 28 days of light exposure (12:12 light: dark cycle), rats were trained for the Morris water maze memory retention test, and brain tissues were sectioned for hippocampal neuronal analysis using Golgi and Cresyl violet stains. The memory retention test was significantly delayed (p < 0.05) in LE compared with DB groups on day 1 of training. Comparison of Golgi-stained neurons showed significant structural alterations, particularly in the basal dendrites of hippocampal neurons in the LE group, with BBLs significantly mitigating these structural changes (p < 0.05). Comparison of Cresyl-violet-stained neurons revealed significantly (p < 0.001) increased degenerated hippocampal neurons in LE rats, with fewer degenerated neurons in the CP lens group for CA1 neurons (p < 0.05), and for both CP and DB groups (p < 0.05) for CA3 neurons. Thus, in addition to documented effects on visual centers, high-level blue-light exposure also results in degeneration in hippocampal neurons with associated behavioral deficits. These changes can be partially ameliorated with blue-light-blocking lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizebeth O. Akansha
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shonraj B. Ganeshrao
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- INSOFE Education, upGrad-INSOFE, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sivakumar Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Susmitha Mattam
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Radhika R. Poojary
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Judith S. Jathanna
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Judy Jose
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan N. Theruveethi
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
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PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6881322. [PMID: 36124087 PMCID: PMC9482536 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology have resulted in increasing concerns over the safety of eye exposure to light illumination, since prolonged exposure to intensive visible light, especially to short-wavelength light in the visible spectrum, can cause photochemical damage to the retina through a photooxidation-triggered cascade reaction. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the ribozyme responsible for repairing DNA damage. When damage to DNA occurs, including nicks and breaks, PARP-1 is rapidly activated, synthesizing a large amount of PAR and recruiting other nuclear factors to repair the damaged DNA. However, retinal photochemical damage may lead to the overactivation of PARP-1, triggering PARP-dependent cell death, including parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy. In this review, we retrieved targeted articles with the keywords such as “PARP-1,” “photoreceptor,” “retinal light damage,” and “photooxidation” from databases and summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal photooxidation, PARP activation, and DNA repair to clarify the key regulatory role of PARP-1 in retinal light injury and to determine whether PARP-1 may be a potential marker in response to retinal photooxidation. The highly sensitive detection of PARP-1 activity may facilitate early evaluation of the effects of light on the retina, which will provide an evidentiary basis for the future assessment of the safety of light illumination from optoelectronic products and medical devices.
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Sharma P, Ramachandran R. Retina regeneration: lessons from vertebrates. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac012. [PMID: 38596712 PMCID: PMC10913848 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, vertebrates such as fishes and frogs exhibit remarkable tissue regeneration including the central nervous system. Retina being part of the central nervous system has attracted the interest of several research groups to explore its regenerative ability in different vertebrate models including mice. Fishes and frogs completely restore the size, shape and tissue structure of an injured retina. Several studies have unraveled molecular mechanisms underlying retina regeneration. In teleosts, soon after injury, the Müller glial cells of the retina reprogram to form a proliferating population of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells capable of differentiating into various neural cell types and Müller glia. In amphibians, the transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium and differentiation of ciliary marginal zone cells contribute to retina regeneration. In chicks and mice, supplementation with external growth factors or genetic modifications cause a partial regenerative response in the damaged retina. The initiation of retina regeneration is achieved through sequential orchestration of gene expression through controlled modulations in the genetic and epigenetic landscape of the progenitor cells. Several developmental biology pathways are turned on during the Müller glia reprogramming, retinal pigment epithelium transdifferentiation and ciliary marginal zone differentiation. Further, several tumorigenic pathways and gene expression events also contribute to the complete regeneration cascade of events. In this review, we address the various retinal injury paradigms and subsequent gene expression events governed in different vertebrate species. Further, we compared how vertebrates such as teleost fishes and amphibians can achieve excellent regenerative responses in the retina compared with their mammalian counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Manauli PO, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
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McLeod AR, Burton JA, Mackey CA, Ramachandran R. An assessment of ambient noise and other environmental variables in a nonhuman primate housing facility. Lab Anim (NY) 2022; 51:219-226. [PMID: 35896636 PMCID: PMC9511702 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic noise and other environmental variables represent potential confounds for animal research. Of relevance to auditory research, sustained high levels of ambient noise may modify hearing sensitivity and decrease well-being among laboratory animals. The present study was conducted to assess environmental conditions in an animal facility that houses nonhuman primates used for auditory research at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Sound levels, vibration, temperature, humidity and luminance were recorded using an environmental monitoring device placed inside of an empty cage in a macaque housing room. Recordings lasted 1 week each, at three different locations within the room. Vibration, temperature, humidity and luminance all varied within recommended levels for nonhuman primates, with one exception of low luminance levels in the bottom cage location. Sound levels at each cage location were characterized by a low baseline of 58-62 dB sound pressure level, with transient peaks up to 109 dB sound pressure level. Sound levels differed significantly across locations, but only by about 1.5 dB. The transient peaks beyond recommended sound levels reflected a very low noise dose, but exceeded startle-inducing levels, which could elicit stress responses. Based on these findings, ambient noise levels in the housing rooms in this primate facility are within acceptable levels and unlikely to contribute to hearing deficits in the nonhuman primates. Our results establish normative values for environmental conditions in a primate facility, can be used to inform best practices for nonhuman primate research and care, and form a baseline for future studies of aging and chronic noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. McLeod
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jane A. Burton
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chase A. Mackey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ramnarayan Ramachandran
- Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Price RB, Labrie D, Sullivan B, Sliney DH. The potential 'Blue Light Hazard' from LED Headlamps. J Dent 2022; 125:104226. [PMID: 35872222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dental personnel use light-emitting diode (LED) headlamps for hours every day. The potential retinal 'blue light hazard' from these white light headlamps is unknown. METHODS The spectral radiant powers received from direct and indirect viewing of an electronic tablet, an LED curing light, a halogen headlamp, and 6 brands of LED headlamps were measured using integrating spheres attached to fiberoptic spectroradiometers. The spectral radiant powers were measured both directly and indirectly at a 35 cm distance, and the maximum daily exposure times (tMAX) were calculated. RESULTS The headlamps emitted very different radiant powers, emission spectra, and color temperatures (K). The total powers emitted at zero distance ranged from 47 mW from the halogen headlamp to 378 mW from the most powerful LED headlamp. The color temperatures from the headlamps ranged from 3098 K to 7253 K. The tMAX exposure times in an 8-hour day when the headlamps were viewed directly at a distance of 35 cm were: 810 s from the halogen headlamp, 53 to 220 s from the LED headlamps, and 62 s from the LED curing light. Light from the LED headlamps that was reflected back from a white reference tile 35 cm away did not exceed the maximum permissible exposure time for healthy adults. Using a blue dental dam increased the amount of reflected blue light, but tMAX was still greater than 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS White light LED headlamps emit very different spectra, and they all increase the retinal 'blue light hazard' compared to a halogen source. When the headlamps were viewed directly at a distance of 35 cm, the 'blue light hazard' from some headlamps was greater than from an LED curing light. Depending on the headlamp brand, tMAX could be reached after only 53s. The light from the LED headlamps that was reflected back from a white surface that was 35 cm away did not exceed the maximum permissible ocular exposure limits for healthy adults. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reflected white light from dental headlamps does not pose a blue light hazard for healthy adults. Direct viewing may be hazardous, but the hazard can be prevented by using the appropriate blue-light-blocking glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Price
- Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Daniel Labrie
- Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Braden Sullivan
- Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David H Sliney
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Peynshaert K, Vanluchene H, De Clerck K, Minnaert AK, Verhoeven M, Gouspillou N, Bostan N, Hisatomi T, Accou G, Sauvage F, Braeckmans K, De Smedt S, Remaut K. ICG-mediated photodisruption of the inner limiting membrane enhances retinal drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 349:315-326. [PMID: 35803327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many groundbreaking therapies for the treatment of blindness require delivery of biologics or cells to the inner retina by intravitreal injection. Unfortunately, the advancement of these therapies is greatly hampered by delivery difficulties where obstruction of the therapeutics at the inner limiting membrane (ILM) represents the dominant bottleneck. In this proof-of-principle study, we explore an innovative light-based approach to locally ablate the ILM in a minimally invasive and highly controlled manner, thus making the ILM more permeable for therapeutics. More specifically, we demonstrate that pulsed laser irradiation of ILM-bound indocyanine green (ICG), a clinically applied ILM dye, results in the formation of vapor nanobubbles which can disrupt the bovine ILM as well as the extraordinary thick human ILM. We have observed that this photodisruption allows for highly successful retinal delivery of model nanoparticles which are otherwise blocked by the intact ILM. Strikingly, this treatment is furthermore able of enhancing the efficacy of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles within the bovine retina by a factor of 5. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for a light-based approach to overcome the ILM which has the potential to improve the efficacy of all retinal therapies hampered by this delivery barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Peynshaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Vanluchene
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat De Clerck
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An-Katrien Minnaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Morgane Verhoeven
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie Gouspillou
- University of Lille, Departement of Physics, Building P5, Avenue Jean Perrin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nezahat Bostan
- Biobank Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Geraldine Accou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Lindner M, Gilhooley MJ, Hughes S, Hankins MW. Optogenetics for visual restoration: From proof of principle to translational challenges. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101089. [PMID: 35691861 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative retinal disorders are a diverse family of diseases commonly leading to irreversible photoreceptor death, while leaving the inner retina relatively intact. Over recent years, innovative gene replacement therapies aiming to halt the progression of certain inherited retinal disorders have made their way into clinics. By rendering surviving retinal neurons light sensitive optogenetic gene therapy now offers a feasible treatment option that can restore lost vision, even in late disease stages and widely independent of the underlying cause of degeneration. Since proof-of-concept almost fifteen years ago, this field has rapidly evolved and a detailed first report on a treated patient has recently been published. In this article, we provide a review of optogenetic approaches for vision restoration. We discuss the currently available optogenetic tools and their relative advantages and disadvantages. Possible cellular targets will be discussed and we will address the question how retinal remodelling may affect the choice of the target and to what extent it may limit the outcomes of optogenetic vision restoration. Finally, we will analyse the evidence for and against optogenetic tool mediated toxicity and will discuss the challenges associated with clinical translation of this promising therapeutic concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lindner
- The Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Jules Thorn SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Philipps University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Gilhooley
- The Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Jules Thorn SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom; The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Hughes
- The Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Jules Thorn SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Hankins
- The Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Jules Thorn SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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The Molecular Mechanism of Retina Light Injury Focusing on Damage from Short Wavelength Light. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8482149. [PMID: 35498134 PMCID: PMC9042598 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8482149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural visible light is an electromagnetic wave composed of a spectrum of monochromatic wavelengths, each with a characteristic color. Photons are the basic units of light, and their wavelength correlates to the energy of light; short-wavelength photons carry high energy. The retina is a fragile neuronal tissue that senses light and generates visual signals conducted to the brain. However, excessive and intensive light exposure will cause retinal light damage. Within the visible spectrum, short-wavelength light, such as blue light, carries higher energy, and thus the retinal injury, is more significant when exposed to these wavelengths. The damage mechanism triggered by different short-wavelength light varies due to photons carrying different energy and being absorbed by different photosensitive molecules in the retinal neurons. However, photooxidation might be a common molecular step to initiate cell death. Herein, we summarize the historical understanding of light, the key molecular steps related to retinal light injury, and the death pathways of photoreceptors to further decipher the molecular mechanism of retinal light injury and explore potential neuroprotective strategies.
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Browne AW, Deyneka E, Ceccarelli F, To JK, Chen S, Tang J, Vu AN, Baldi PF. Deep learning to enable color vision in the dark. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265185. [PMID: 35385502 PMCID: PMC8985995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans perceive light in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). Some night vision systems use infrared light that is not perceptible to humans and the images rendered are transposed to a digital display presenting a monochromatic image in the visible spectrum. We sought to develop an imaging algorithm powered by optimized deep learning architectures whereby infrared spectral illumination of a scene could be used to predict a visible spectrum rendering of the scene as if it were perceived by a human with visible spectrum light. This would make it possible to digitally render a visible spectrum scene to humans when they are otherwise in complete “darkness” and only illuminated with infrared light. To achieve this goal, we used a monochromatic camera sensitive to visible and near infrared light to acquire an image dataset of printed images of faces under multispectral illumination spanning standard visible red (604 nm), green (529 nm) and blue (447 nm) as well as infrared wavelengths (718, 777, and 807 nm). We then optimized a convolutional neural network with a U-Net-like architecture to predict visible spectrum images from only near-infrared images. This study serves as a first step towards predicting human visible spectrum scenes from imperceptible near-infrared illumination. Further work can profoundly contribute to a variety of applications including night vision and studies of biological samples sensitive to visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Browne
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AWB); (PFB)
| | - Ekaterina Deyneka
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Francesco Ceccarelli
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Josiah K. To
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jianing Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Anderson N. Vu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Pierre F. Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AWB); (PFB)
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Advances in Ophthalmic Optogenetics: Approaches and Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020269. [PMID: 35204770 PMCID: PMC8961521 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in optogenetics hold promise for vision restoration in degenerative eye diseases. Optogenetics refers to techniques that use light to control the cellular activity of targeted cells. Although optogenetics is a relatively new technology, multiple therapeutic options are already being explored in pre-clinical and phase I/II clinical trials with the aim of developing novel, safe, and effective treatments for major blinding eye diseases, such as glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa. Optogenetic approaches to visual restoration are primarily aimed at replacing lost or dysfunctional photoreceptors by inserting light-sensitive proteins into downstream retinal neurons that have no intrinsic light sensitivity. Such approaches are attractive because they are agnostic to the genetic causes of retinal degeneration, which raises hopes that all forms of retinal dystrophic and degenerative diseases could become treatable. Optogenetic strategies can also have a far-reaching impact on translational research by serving as important tools to study the pathogenesis of retinal degeneration and to identify clinically relevant therapeutic targets. For example, the CRY-CIBN optogenetic system has been recently applied to animal models of glaucoma, suggesting a potential role of OCRL in the regulation of intraocular pressure in trabecular meshwork. As optogenetic strategies are being intensely investigated, it appears crucial to consider the opportunities and challenges such therapies may offer. Here, we review the more recent promising optogenetic molecules, vectors, and applications of optogenetics for the treatment of retinal degeneration and glaucoma. We also summarize the preliminary results of ongoing clinical trials for visual restoration.
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Liu Z, Chauhan A. Gold nanoparticles-loaded contact lenses for laser protection and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) dry eye treatment. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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