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Zamorano M, Monteagudo JM, González E, Rayo I, Fernández S, Castillo M, Zhou Q, de la Villa P, Zamorano JL. Pupil reflex as a marker of activity and prognosis in heart failure: a longitudinal and prospective study. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38494834 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure (HF) are triggered to maintain adequate cardiac output. Among them, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the main ones and carries a worse prognosis. The pupillary reflex depends on the SNS, and we can evaluate it through pupillometry. The aim of the study was to compare the differences in pupillary reflex between patients with acute HF and controls and to analyse whether these differences in pupillary reflex may offer a new and easy prognostic factor in such patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively and consecutively included 107 patients admitted with decompensated HF. Quantitative pupillometry was performed with the NeuroOptics pupillometry during the first 24 h after admission and prior to discharge. The results were compared with those of a group of 100 healthy volunteers who also underwent pupillometry. The maximum baseline pupil size (MBPS) and the minimum pupil diameter (MPD) were measured. Patients with decompensated HF have a higher MBPS (3.64 ± 0.81) and higher MPD (2.60 ± 0.58) than HF patients at discharge and in the control group (P-value = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Also, HF patients presented an improvement in pupillometric values at discharge [MBPS (3.47 ± 0.79) and MPD (2.51 ± 0.58)] and showed no differences compared with the control group [MBPS (3.34 ± 0.82) and MPD (2.40 ± 0.53)] (P-value = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively). In addition, MBPS provides a good independent predictor of in-hospital and 1 month mortality in patients admitted with HF. Six patients (5.61%) died during hospital admission, and 11 patients (10.2%) died in the first month after discharge. Also, four patients (3.74%) were readmitted within 1 month of discharge. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting in-hospital mortality through MBPS was 0.823. No patient with an MBPS < 3.7 mm died. The ROC curve for predicting combined mortality or readmission within the first month for MBPS was 0.698. CONCLUSIONS Pupillometry may be a new, non-invasive, and simple tool to determine the status of SNS, help in the prognostic stratification of acute HF patients, and improve therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Zamorano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Calle Donante de Sangre, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo González
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rayo
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Castillo
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qiheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Cano-Cano F, Martín-Loro F, Gallardo-Orihuela A, González-Montelongo MDC, Ortuño-Miquel S, Hervás-Corpión I, de la Villa P, Ramón-Marco L, Navarro-Calvo J, Gómez-Jaramillo L, Arroba AI, Valor LM. Retinal dysfunction in Huntington's disease mouse models concurs with local gliosis and microglia activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4176. [PMID: 38378796 PMCID: PMC10879138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene that mainly affects basal ganglia. Although striatal dysfunction has been widely studied in HD mouse models, other brain areas can also be relevant to the pathology. In this sense, we have special interest on the retina as this is the most exposed part of the central nervous system that enable health monitoring of patients using noninvasive techniques. To establish the retina as an appropriate tissue for HD studies, we need to correlate the retinal alterations with those in the inner brain, i.e., striatum. We confirmed the malfunction of the transgenic R6/1 retinas, which underwent a rearrangement of their transcriptome as extensive as in the striatum. Although tissue-enriched genes were downregulated in both areas, a neuroinflammation signature was only clearly induced in the R6/1 retina in which the observed glial activation was reminiscent of the situation in HD patient's brains. The retinal neuroinflammation was confirmed in the slow progressive knock-in zQ175 strain. Overall, these results demonstrated the suitability of the mouse retina as a research model for HD and its associated glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Cano-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Loro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrea Gallardo-Orihuela
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen González-Montelongo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samanta Ortuño-Miquel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Unidad de Bioinformática, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irati Hervás-Corpión
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Programa de Tumores Sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Ramón-Marco
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Diagnostics Building, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Av. Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Navarro-Calvo
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Diagnostics Building, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Av. Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Luis M Valor
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Diagnostics Building, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Av. Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), 03202, Elche, Spain.
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de Laorden EH, Simón D, Milla S, Portela-Lomba M, Mellén M, Sierra J, de la Villa P, Moreno-Flores MT, Iglesias M. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate neuronal regeneration by promoting axon growth and restoring neuronal activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1328261. [PMID: 38188022 PMCID: PMC10766706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1328261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the cornerstone of cellular therapy due to their unique characteristics. Specifically human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) are highlighted for their unique features, including ease to isolate, non-invasive techniques for large scale cell production, significant immunomodulatory capacity, and a high ability to migrate to injuries. Researchers are exploring innovative techniques to overcome the low regenerative capacity of Central Nervous System (CNS) neurons, with one promising avenue being the development of tailored mesenchymal stem cell therapies capable of promoting neural repair and recovery. In this context, we have evaluated hPMSCs as candidates for CNS lesion regeneration using a skillful co-culture model system. Indeed, we have demonstrated the hPMSCs ability to stimulate damaged rat-retina neurons regeneration by promoting axon growth and restoring neuronal activity both under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. With our model we have obtained neuronal regeneration values of 10%-14% and axonal length per neuron rates of 19-26, μm/neuron. To assess whether the regenerative capabilities of hPMSCs are contact-dependent effects or it is mediated through paracrine mechanisms, we carried out transwell co-culture and conditioned medium experiments confirming the role of secreted factors in axonal regeneration. It was found that hPMSCs produce brain derived, neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve-growth factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), involved in the process of neuronal regeneration and restoration of the physiological activity of neurons. In effect, we confirmed the success of our treatment using the patch clamp technique to study ionic currents in individual isolated living cells demonstrating that in our model the regenerated neurons are electrophysiologically active, firing action potentials. The outcomes of our neuronal regeneration studies, combined with the axon-regenerating capabilities exhibited by mesenchymal stem cells derived from the placenta, present a hopeful outlook for the potential therapeutic application of hPMSCs in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira H. de Laorden
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Simón
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Milla
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María Portela-Lomba
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marian Mellén
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sierra
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Flores
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Iglesias
- Facultad de C.C. Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Jimeno D, Lillo C, de la Villa P, Calzada N, Santos E, Fernández-Medarde A. GRF2 Is Crucial for Cone Photoreceptor Viability and Ribbon Synapse Formation in the Mouse Retina. Cells 2023; 12:2574. [PMID: 37947653 PMCID: PMC10650203 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Using constitutive GRF1/2 knockout mice, we showed previously that GRF2 is a key regulator of nuclear migration in retinal cone photoreceptors. To evaluate the functional relevance of that cellular process for two putative targets of the GEF activity of GRF2 (RAC1 and CDC42), here we compared the structural and functional retinal phenotypes resulting from conditional targeting of RAC1 or CDC42 in the cone photoreceptors of constitutive GRF2KO and GRF2WT mice. We observed that single RAC1 disruption did not cause any obvious morphological or physiological changes in the retinas of GRF2WT mice, and did not modify either the phenotypic alterations previously described in the retinal photoreceptor layer of GRF2KO mice. In contrast, the single ablation of CDC42 in the cone photoreceptors of GRF2WT mice resulted in clear alterations of nuclear movement that, unlike those of the GRF2KO retinas, were not accompanied by electrophysiological defects or slow, progressive cone cell degeneration. On the other hand, the concomitant disruption of GRF2 and CDC42 in the cone photoreceptors resulted, somewhat surprisingly, in a normalized pattern of nuclear positioning/movement, similar to that physiologically observed in GRF2WT mice, along with worsened patterns of electrophysiological responses and faster rates of cell death/disappearance than those previously recorded in single GRF2KO cone cells. Interestingly, the increased rates of cone cell apoptosis/death observed in single GRF2KO and double-knockout GRF2KO/CDC42KO retinas correlated with the electron microscopic detection of significant ultrastructural alterations (flattening) of their retinal ribbon synapses that were not otherwise observed at all in single-knockout CDC42KO retinas. Our observations identify GRF2 and CDC42 (but not RAC1) as key regulators of retinal processes controlling cone photoreceptor nuclear positioning and survival, and support the notion of GRF2 loss-of-function mutations as potential drivers of cone retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biologıá Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biologıá Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biologıá Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biologıá Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC–Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Espitia-Arias MD, de la Villa P, Paleo-García V, Germain F, Milla-Navarro S. Oxidative Model of Retinal Neurodegeneration Induced by Sodium Iodate: Morphofunctional Assessment of the Visual Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1594. [PMID: 37627589 PMCID: PMC10451746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been shown to cause severe oxidative stress damage to retinal pigment epithelium cells. This results in the indirect death of photoreceptors, leading to a loss of visual capabilities. The aim of this work is the morphological and functional characterization of the retina and the visual pathway of an animal model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by oxidative stress. Following a single intraperitoneal dose of NaIO3 (65 mg/kg) to C57BL/6J mice with a mutation in the Opn4 gene (Opn4-/-), behavioral and electroretinographic tests were performed up to 42 days after administration, as well as retinal immunohistochemistry at day 57. A near total loss of the pupillary reflex was observed at 3 days, as well as an early deterioration of visual acuity. Behavioral tests showed a late loss of light sensitivity. Full-field electroretinogram recordings displayed a progressive and marked decrease in wave amplitude, disappearing completely at 14 days. A reduction in the amplitude of the visual evoked potentials was observed, but not their total disappearance. Immunohistochemistry showed structural alterations in the outer retinal layers. Our results show that NaIO3 causes severe structural and functional damage to the retina. Therefore, the current model can be presented as a powerful tool for the study of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of retinal pathologies mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Espitia-Arias
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.E.-A.); (P.d.l.V.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.E.-A.); (P.d.l.V.); (V.P.-G.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Paleo-García
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.E.-A.); (P.d.l.V.); (V.P.-G.)
| | - Francisco Germain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.E.-A.); (P.d.l.V.); (V.P.-G.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Milla-Navarro
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.E.-A.); (P.d.l.V.); (V.P.-G.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Liao F, Liu H, Gallego-Ortega A, Germain F, de la Villa P. Role of ON and OFF Visual Pathways in Rod- and Cone-Driven Flicker Responses. Discov Med 2023; 35:553-564. [PMID: 37553309 DOI: 10.24976/discov.med.202335177.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of various retinal neurotransmitters on temporal resolution, particularly, on the Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFF), which has been previously applied in ophthalmic pathophysiologic research. METHODS A binocular physiologic electroretinogram was performed on adult mice. Animals in the control group were injected in the right eye with 1 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Animals in the experimental group were injected in the left eye with 1 μL of PBS and in the right eye with 1 μL of PBS to which different molecules were added: 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB), Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), Bicuculline, Glycine, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). Initially, rod response was recorded and later the cone response. RESULTS APB suppressed the rod-driven, but not the cone-driven flicker response. The other agents severely affected the lower flickering frequency response amplitude, in particular, at 3 Hz. The threshold of CFF was lowered from 50 Hz to 40 Hz after applying APB, Glycine, and HEPES. GABA remarkably enhanced rod-driven and cone-driven flicker response at 3 Hz, whereas Glutamate and GABA/Glutamate only did in rod-driven flicker response. CONCLUSIONS Both ON and OFF visual pathways were implied in cone-driven response, but only the ON visual pathway appears to play a relevant role in rod-driven flicker response. Flicker response seems to be enhanced by horizontal cells both in rod-driven and cone-driven response. In addition, due to the greater sensitivity of the flicker at low frequencies, it is suggested that pathophysiological studies should be carried out at said frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liao
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Germain
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Ramírez-Pardo I, Villarejo-Zori B, Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Sierra-Filardi E, Alonso-Gil S, Mariño G, de la Villa P, Fitze PS, Fuentes JM, García-Escudero R, Ferrington DA, Gomez-Sintes R, Boya P. Ambra1 haploinsufficiency in CD1 mice results in metabolic alterations and exacerbates age-associated retinal degeneration. Autophagy 2023; 19:784-804. [PMID: 35875981 PMCID: PMC9980615 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key process in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The age-dependent decline in retinal autophagy has been associated with photoreceptor degeneration. Retinal dysfunction can also result from damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as the RPE-retina constitutes an important metabolic ecosystem that must be finely tuned to preserve visual function. While studies of mice lacking essential autophagy genes have revealed a predisposition to retinal degeneration, the consequences of a moderate reduction in autophagy, similar to that which occurs during physiological aging, remain unclear. Here, we described a retinal phenotype consistent with accelerated aging in mice carrying a haploinsufficiency for Ambra1, a pro-autophagic gene. These mice showed protein aggregation in the retina and RPE, metabolic underperformance, and premature vision loss. Moreover, Ambra1+/gt mice were more prone to retinal degeneration after RPE stress. These findings indicate that autophagy provides crucial support to RPE-retinal metabolism and protects the retina against stress and physiological aging.Abbreviations : 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1, AMD: age-related macular degeneration;; GCL: ganglion cell layer; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLUL: glutamine synthetase/glutamate-ammonia ligase; HCL: hierarchical clustering; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; LC/GC-MS: liquid chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; MA: middle-aged; MTDR: MitoTracker Deep Red; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; NL: NH4Cl and leupeptin; Nqo: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase; ONL: outer nuclear layer; OPL: outer plexiform layer; OP: oscillatory potentials; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PRKC/PKCα: protein kinase C; POS: photoreceptor outer segment; RGC: retinal ganglion cells; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; SI: sodium iodate; TCA: tricarboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ramírez-Pardo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sierra-Filardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Vision neurophisiology group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Departament of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Nerodegenerative Diseases unit, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raquel Gomez-Sintes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sirés A, Pazo-González M, López-Soriano J, Méndez A, de la Rosa EJ, de la Villa P, Comella JX, Hernández-Sánchez C, Solé M. The Absence of FAIM Leads to a Delay in Dark Adaptation and Hampers Arrestin-1 Translocation upon Light Reception in the Retina. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030487. [PMID: 36766830 PMCID: PMC9914070 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The short and long isoforms of FAIM (FAIM-S and FAIM-L) hold important functions in the central nervous system, and their expression levels are specifically enriched in the retina. We previously described that Faim knockout (KO) mice present structural and molecular alterations in the retina compatible with a neurodegenerative phenotype. Here, we aimed to study Faim KO retinal functions and molecular mechanisms leading to its alterations. Electroretinographic recordings showed that aged Faim KO mice present functional loss of rod photoreceptor and ganglion cells. Additionally, we found a significant delay in dark adaptation from early adult ages. This functional deficit is exacerbated by luminic stress, which also caused histopathological alterations. Interestingly, Faim KO mice present abnormal Arrestin-1 redistribution upon light reception, and we show that Arrestin-1 is ubiquitinated, a process that is abrogated by either FAIM-S or FAIM-L in vitro. Our results suggest that FAIM assists Arrestin-1 light-dependent translocation by a process that likely involves ubiquitination. In the absence of FAIM, this impairment could be the cause of dark adaptation delay and increased light sensitivity. Multiple retinal diseases are linked to deficits in photoresponse termination, and hence, investigating the role of FAIM could shed light onto the underlying mechanisms of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sirés
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mateo Pazo-González
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Soriano
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J. de la Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Joan X. Comella
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Gallego-Ortega A, Norte-Muñoz M, Di Pierdomenico J, Avilés-Trigueros M, de la Villa P, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Vidal-Sanz M. Alpha retinal ganglion cells in pigmented mice retina: number and distribution. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1054849. [PMID: 36530520 PMCID: PMC9751430 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1054849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify and characterize numerically and topographically the population of alpha retinal ganglion cells (αRGCs) and their subtypes, the sustained-response ON-center αRGCs (ONs-αRGCs), which correspond to the type 4 intrinsically photosensitive RGCs (M4-ipRGCs), the transient-response ON-center αRGCs (ONt-αRGCs), the sustained-response OFF-center αRGCs (OFFs-αRGCs), and the transient-response OFF-center αRGCs (OFFt-αRGCs) in the adult pigmented mouse retina.Methods: The αRGC population and its subtypes were studied in flat-mounted retinas and radial sections immunodetected against non-phosphorylated high molecular weight neurofilament subunit (SMI-32) or osteopontin (OPN), two αRGCs pan-markers; Calbindin, expressed in ONs-αRGCs, and amacrines; T-box transcription factor T-brain 2 (Tbr2), a key transcriptional regulator for ipRGC development and maintenance, expressed in ipRGCs and GABA-displaced amacrine cells; OPN4, an anti-melanopsin antibody; or Brn3a and Brn3c, markers of RGCs. The total population of RGCs was counted automatically and αRGCs and its subtypes were counted manually, and color-coded neighborhood maps were used for their topographical representation.Results: The total mean number of αRGCs per retina is 2,252 ± 306 SMI32+αRGCs and 2,315 ± 175 OPN+αRGCs (n = 10), representing 5.08% and 5.22% of the total number of RGCs traced from the optic nerve, respectively. αRGCs are distributed throughout the retina, showing a higher density in the temporal hemiretina. ONs-αRGCs represent ≈36% [841 ± 110 cells (n = 10)] of all αRGCs and are located throughout the retina, with the highest density in the temporal region. ONt-αRGCs represent ≈34% [797 ± 146 cells (n = 10)] of all αRGCs and are mainly located in the central retinal region. OFF-αRGCs represent the remaining 32% of total αRGCs and are divided equally between OFFs-αRGCs and OFFt-αRGCs [363 ± 50 cells (n = 10) and 376 ± 36 cells (n = 10), respectively]. OFFs-αRGCs are mainly located in the supero-temporal peripheral region of the retina and OFFt-αRGCs in the mid-peripheral region of the retina, especially in the infero-temporal region.Conclusions: The combination of specific antibodies is a useful tool to identify and study αRGCs and their subtypes. αRGCs are distributed throughout the retina presenting higher density in the temporal area. The sustained ON and OFF response subtypes are mainly located in the periphery while the transient ON and OFF response subtypes are found in the central regions of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Visual Neurophysiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Valiente-Soriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Vidal-Sanz Francisco Javier Valiente-Soriano
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Vidal-Sanz Francisco Javier Valiente-Soriano
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Paleo V, Milla S, Germain F, de la Villa P. New model of complete retinal degeneration: A good tool for therapeutic essays? Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Paleo
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Biología de Sistemas Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Santiago Milla
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Biología de Sistemas Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Francisco Germain
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Biología de Sistemas Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Biología de Sistemas Alcalá de Henares Spain
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11
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Gomez-Sintes R, Xin Q, Jimenez-Loygorri JI, McCabe M, Diaz A, Garner TP, Cotto-Rios XM, Wu Y, Dong S, Reynolds CA, Patel B, de la Villa P, Macian F, Boya P, Gavathiotis E, Cuervo AM. Targeting retinoic acid receptor alpha-corepressor interaction activates chaperone-mediated autophagy and protects against retinal degeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4220. [PMID: 35864098 PMCID: PMC9304322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy activity, essential in the cellular defense against proteotoxicity, declines with age, and preventing this decline in experimental genetic models has proven beneficial. Here, we have identified the mechanism of action of selective chaperone-mediated autophagy activators previously developed by our group and have leveraged that information to generate orally bioavailable chaperone-mediated autophagy activators with favorable brain exposure. Chaperone-mediated autophagy activating molecules stabilize the interaction between retinoic acid receptor alpha - a known endogenous inhibitor of chaperone-mediated autophagy - and its co-repressor, nuclear receptor corepressor 1, resulting in changes of a discrete subset of the retinoic acid receptor alpha transcriptional program that leads to selective chaperone-mediated autophagy activation. Chaperone-mediated autophagy activators molecules activate this pathway in vivo and ameliorate retinal degeneration in a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model. Our findings reveal a mechanism for pharmacological targeting of chaperone-mediated autophagy activation and suggest a therapeutic strategy for retinal degeneration. Gomez-Sintes et al. have developed small molecules that selectively activate chaperone-mediated autophagy by stabilizing the interaction between retinoic acid receptor alpha and its co-repressor N-CoR1. They demonstrate the protective effect of boosting chaperone-mediated autophagy against retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gomez-Sintes
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Qisheng Xin
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Juan Ignacio Jimenez-Loygorri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Mericka McCabe
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Thomas P Garner
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Xiomaris M Cotto-Rios
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Shuxian Dong
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cara A Reynolds
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department; of System Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, 28801, Spain
| | - Fernando Macian
- Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Institute for Aging Studies of the Department of Medicine of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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12
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Norte-Muñoz M, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, García-Bernal D, Valiente-Soriano FJ, de la Villa P, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Neuroprotection and Axonal Regeneration Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on the Type of Transplant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772223. [PMID: 34805178 PMCID: PMC8600074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has not been as successful as expected in some preclinical studies. Because preclinical research is so diverse, it is difficult to know whether the therapeutic outcome is due to the cell type, the type of transplant or the model of disease. Our aim here was to analyze the effect of the type of transplant on neuroprotection and axonal regeneration, so we tested MSCs from the same niche in the same model of neurodegeneration in the three transplantation settings: xenogeneic, syngeneic and allogeneic. For this, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers or C57/BL6 mice were injected into the vitreous body of C57/BL6 mice (xenograft and syngraft) or BALB/c mice (allograft) right after optic nerve axotomy. As controls, vehicle matched groups were done. Retinal anatomy and function were analyzed in vivo by optical coherence tomography and electroretinogram, respectively. Survival of vision forming (Brn3a+) and non-vision forming (melanopsin+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was assessed at 3, 5 and 90 days after the lesion. Regenerative axons were visualized by cholera toxin β anterograde transport. Our data show that grafted BM-MSCs did not integrate in the retina but formed a mesh on top of the ganglion cell layer. The xenotransplant caused retinal edema, detachment and folding, and a significant decrease of functionality compared to the murine transplants. RGC survival and axonal regeneration were significantly higher in the syngrafted retinas than in the other two groups or vehicle controls. Melanopsin+RGCs, but not Brn3a+RGCs, were also neuroprotected by the xenograft. In conclusion, the type of transplant has an impact on the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs affecting not only neuronal survival but also the host tissue response. Our data indicate that syngrafts may be more beneficial than allografts and, interestingly, that the type of neuron that is rescued also plays a significant role in the successfulness of the cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Norte-Muñoz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Biochemistry, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Valiente-Soriano
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Liu H, Liao F, Blanco R, de la Villa P. Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials (mfVEP) for the Detection of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184165. [PMID: 34575285 PMCID: PMC8465367 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some discrepancies have been observed in the diagnostic efficacy of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) when evaluating visual field defects in glaucoma patients. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic precision of the mfVEP in glaucoma to find its best diagnostic indicator. A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies published up to 1 April 2021 was performed. The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed. Publication bias analysis and heterogeneity tests were performed. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the summary of receiver operating characteristics curve. Six studies with a total of 241 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AUC was 0.98. There was no evidence of publication bias or threshold effect. The pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity of the mfVEP amplitude for detection of visual field defects in all studies was 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios of mfVEP amplitude were 6.56 and 0.08, respectively. The amplitude of mfVEP showed a good diagnostic precision in the prediction of visual field defects. Interocular mfVEP amplitude analysis can be a good diagnostic indicator for visual field study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (H.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Liao
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (H.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Román Blanco
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28005 Madrid, Spain;
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (H.L.); (F.L.)
- Visual Neurophysiology Group-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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14
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Santana-Garrido Á, Reyes-Goya C, Milla-Navarro S, de la Villa P, André H, Vázquez CM, Mate A. Anti-Inflammatory Action of Dietary Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10091993. [PMID: 34574102 PMCID: PMC8466332 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the course of eye diseases, including many vascular retinopathies. Although olive oil is known to have beneficial effects against inflammatory processes, there is no information available on the anti-inflammatory potential of the wild olive tree (namely, acebuche (ACE) for the primitive Spanish lineages). Here we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE oil in the retina of a mouse model of arterial hypertension, which was experimentally induced by administration of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester). The animals were fed supplements of ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO, for comparative purposes). Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and different inflammation-related parameters were measured in the retina and choroid. Besides significant prevention of retinal dysfunction shown in ERG recordings, ACE oil-enriched diet upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers PPARγ, PPARα and IL-10, while reducing that of major proinflammatory biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. This is the first report to highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of an ACE oil-enriched diet against hypertension-related retinal damage. Noteworthy, dietary supplementation with ACE oil yielded better results compared to a reference EVOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Santiago Milla-Navarro
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Valenzuela PL, Martín-Candilejo R, Sánchez-Martínez G, Bouzas Marins JC, de la Villa P, Sillero-Quintana M. Ischemic Preconditioning and Muscle Force Capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2187-2192. [PMID: 30908369 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Valenzuela, PL, Martín-Candilejo, R, Sánchez-Martínez, G, Bouzas Marins, JC, de la Villa, P, and Sillero-Quintana, M. Ischemic preconditioning and muscle force capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2187-2192, 2021-This study analyzed the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on muscle force capabilities. Sixteen male subjects participated in this randomized, crossover, sham-controlled study. They were assigned to either IPC (3 × 5 minutes at 220 mm Hg in both arms with 5-minute rests) or a sham intervention (SHAM) (occlusion pressure set at 10 mm Hg). Forty minutes later, their force capabilities on the bench press exercise were assessed (load-velocity relationship with light, moderate, and heavy loads [30, 50, and 70% body mass, respectively]; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]; and number of repetitions to failure in 3 sets with 60% RM). The skin temperature (Tsk) of the pectoral and biceps muscles was analyzed as a secondary endpoint by means of infrared thermography. A significant decrease in the Tsk of the pectoral and biceps muscles was observed after the intervention (p < 0.01) and before the warm-up (p < 0.05) in IPC, but not in SHAM. However, exercise resulted in a similar Tsk increase in the pectoral muscles in both conditions (p > 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05 for all) were observed between conditions in the mean velocity attained with light (1.11 ± 0.11 and 1.09 ± 0.14 m·s-1, respectively), moderate (0.83 ± 0.14 and 0.83 ± 0.16 m·s-1), nor heavy loads (0.56 ± 0.17 and 0.54 ± 0.16 m·s-1), in 1RM (75.0 ± 18.9 and 73.1 ± 15.0 kg for IPC and SHAM, respectively; p = 0.181), nor in the number of repetitions performed (52 ± 13 and 54 ± 16 repetitions, p = 0.492). In summary, IPC decreased Tsk locally (biceps) and remotely (pectoral). However, it did not alter muscle force capabilities nor the Tsk response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Systems Biology Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalía Martín-Candilejo
- Sports Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF Madrid), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
| | | | - Joao Carlos Bouzas Marins
- Department of Physical Education, Human Performance Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Sports Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF Madrid), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; and
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16
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Sánchez-Cruz A, Méndez AC, Lizasoain I, de la Villa P, de la Rosa EJ, Hernández-Sánchez C. Tlr2 Gene Deletion Delays Retinal Degeneration in Two Genetically Distinct Mouse Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7815. [PMID: 34360582 PMCID: PMC8435220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considered a rare retinal dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the primary cause of hereditary blindness. Given its diverse genetic etiology (>3000 mutations in >60 genes), there is an urgent need for novel treatments that target common features of the disease. TLR2 is a key activator of innate immune response. To examine its role in RP progression we characterized the expression profile of Tlr2 and its adaptor molecules and the consequences of Tlr2 deletion in two genetically distinct models of RP: Pde6brd10/rd10 (rd10) and RhoP23H/+ (P23H/+) mice. In both models, expression levels of Tlr2 and its adaptor molecules increased in parallel with those of the proinflammatory cytokine Il1b. In rd10 mice, deletion of a single Tlr2 allele had no effect on visual function, as evaluated by electroretinography. However, in both RP models, complete elimination of Tlr2 attenuated the loss of visual function and mitigated the loss of photoreceptor cell numbers. In Tlr2 null rd10 mice, we observed decreases in the total number of microglial cells, assessed by flow cytometry, and in the number of microglia infiltrating the photoreceptor layers. Together, these results point to TLR2 as a mutation-independent therapeutic target for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Sánchez-Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (E.J.d.l.R.)
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrea C. Méndez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of System Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J. de la Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (E.J.d.l.R.)
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (E.J.d.l.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM-ISCIII), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Murillo-Cuesta S, Artuch R, Asensio F, de la Villa P, Dierssen M, Enríquez JA, Fillat C, Fourcade S, Ibáñez B, Montoliu L, Oliver E, Pujol A, Salido E, Vallejo M, Varela-Nieto I. The Value of Mouse Models of Rare Diseases: A Spanish Experience. Front Genet 2020; 11:583932. [PMID: 33173540 PMCID: PMC7591746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.583932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial. The combination of respectful management, ethical laws and transparency regarding animal experimentation contributes to improve society’s opinion about biomedical research and positively impacts on research quality, which eventually also benefits patients. Here we present examples of current advances in preclinical research in rare diseases using mouse models, together with our perspective on future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Asensio
- Gregorio Marañón Institute for Health Research (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá (UAH), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Enríquez
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital Health Research Institute (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Anasagasti A, Lara-López A, Milla-Navarro S, Escudero-Arrarás L, Rodríguez-Hidalgo M, Zabaleta N, González Aseguinolaza G, de la Villa P, Ruiz-Ederra J. Inhibition of MicroRNA 6937 Delays Photoreceptor and Vision Loss in a Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100913. [PMID: 32987664 PMCID: PMC7598722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare retinal conditions, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), caused by monogenic mutations in 1 out of more than 250 genes. Despite recent advancements in gene therapy, there is still a lack of an effective treatment for this group of retinal conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression. Control of miRNAs-mediated protein expression has been described as a widely used mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation in many physiological and pathological processes in different organs, including the retina. Our main purpose was to test the hypothesis that modulation of a group of miRNAs can protect photoreceptor cells from death in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. For this, we incorporated modulators of three miRNAs in adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), which were administered through sub-retinal injections. The results obtained indicate that inhibition of the miR-6937-5p slows down the visual deterioration of rd10 mice, reflected by an increased electroretinogram (ERG) wave response under scotopic conditions and significant preservation of the outer nuclear layer thickness. This work contributes to broadening our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying retinitis pigmentosa and supports the development of novel therapeutic approaches for RP based on miRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Anasagasti
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
- Viralgen Vector Core, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Araceli Lara-López
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - Santiago Milla-Navarro
- Visual Neurophysiology, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
| | - Leire Escudero-Arrarás
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, FIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.Z.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Gloria González Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, FIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.Z.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Visual Neurophysiology, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
- RETICS OFTARED, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Ederra
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
- RETICS OFTARED, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006128
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19
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Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, de la Villa P, Hampel H, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101108. [PMID: 32561386 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there is no unanimity, growing evidence supports the value of regular physical exercise to prevent Alzheimer's disease as well as cognitive decline in affected patients. Together with an introductory summary on epidemiological evidence, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential biological mechanisms underlying exercise benefits in this condition. Regular physical exercise has proven to be beneficial for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., reduced vascular flow, diabetes) involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis via increases in exercise-induced metabolic factors (e.g., ketone bodies, lactate) and muscle-derived myokines (cathepsin-B, irisin), which in turn stimulate the production of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Finally, regular exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the brain redox status, thereby ameliorating the pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., amyloid-β deposition). In summary, physical exercise might provide numerous benefits through different pathways that might, in turn, help prevent risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. More evidence is needed, however, based on human studies.
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20
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Domènech EB, Andrés R, López-Iniesta MJ, Mirra S, García-Arroyo R, Milla S, Sava F, Andilla J, Loza-Álvarez P, de la Villa P, Gonzàlez-Duarte R, Marfany G. A New Cerkl Mouse Model Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Shows Progressive Retinal Degeneration and Altered Morphological and Electrophysiological Phenotype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 32658961 PMCID: PMC7425692 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Close to 100 genes cause retinitis pigmentosa, a Mendelian rare disease that affects 1 out of 4000 people worldwide. Mutations in the ceramide kinase-like gene (CERKL) are a prevalent cause of autosomal recessive cause retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy, but the functional role of this gene in the retina has yet to be fully determined. We aimed to generate a mouse model that resembles the phenotypic traits of patients carrying CERKL mutations to undertake functional studies and assay therapeutic approaches. Methods The Cerkl locus has been deleted (around 97 kb of genomic DNA) by gene editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 D10A nickase. Because the deletion of the Cerkl locus is lethal in mice in homozygosis, a double heterozygote mouse model with less than 10% residual Cerkl expression has been generated. The phenotypic alterations of the retina of this new model have been characterized at the morphological and electrophysiological levels. Results This CerklKD/KO model shows retinal degeneration, with a decreased number of cones and progressive photoreceptor loss, poorly stacked photoreceptor outer segment membranes, defective retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis, and altered electrophysiological recordings in aged retinas. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first Cerkl mouse model to mimic many of the phenotypic traits, including the slow but progressive retinal degeneration, shown by human patients carrying CERKL mutations. This useful model will provide unprecedented insights into the retinal molecular pathways altered in these patients and will contribute to the design of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B. Domènech
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. José López-Iniesta
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Mirra
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Arroyo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Milla
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florentina Sava
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO–The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Álvarez
- ICFO–The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Gonzàlez-Duarte
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER/ISCIII, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Plana-Bonamaisó A, López-Begines S, Fernández-Justel D, Junza A, Soler-Tapia A, Andilla J, Loza-Alvarez P, Rosa JL, Miralles E, Casals I, Yanes O, de la Villa P, Buey RM, Méndez A. Post-translational regulation of retinal IMPDH1 in vivo to adjust GTP synthesis to illumination conditions. eLife 2020; 9:56418. [PMID: 32254022 PMCID: PMC7176436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the in vivo regulation of Inosine-5´-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) in the retina. IMPDH1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, impacting the cellular pools of GMP, GDP and GTP. Guanine nucleotide homeostasis is central to photoreceptor cells, where cGMP is the signal transducing molecule in the light response. Mutations in IMPDH1 lead to inherited blindness. We unveil a light-dependent phosphorylation of retinal IMPDH1 at Thr159/Ser160 in the Bateman domain that desensitizes the enzyme to allosteric inhibition by GDP/GTP. When exposed to bright light, living mice increase the rate of GTP and ATP synthesis in their retinas; concomitant with IMPDH1 aggregate formation at the outer segment layer. Inhibiting IMPDH activity in living mice delays rod mass recovery. We unveil a novel mechanism of regulation of IMPDH1 in vivo, important for understanding GTP homeostasis in the retina and the pathogenesis of adRP10 IMPDH1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plana-Bonamaisó
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago López-Begines
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Justel
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Soler-Tapia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Miralles
- Centres Cientifics i Tecnològics (CCiTUB), University of Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Casals
- Centres Cientifics i Tecnològics (CCiTUB), University of Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Physiology Unit, Dept of Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Visual Neurophysiology Group-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben M Buey
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Valenzuela PL, Morales JS, Ruilope LM, de la Villa P, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves functional capacity and muscle strength in people receiving haemodialysis: a systematic review. J Physiother 2020; 66:89-96. [PMID: 32291224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied during haemodialysis sessions improve functional capacity in people with end-stage renal disease? Does NMES used in this way also improve muscle strength, muscle mass/architecture, psychological outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes and biochemical variables? Does it have any adverse effects? DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to 15 October 2019. PARTICIPANTS Patients receiving haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. INTERVENTION NMES administered during haemodialysis sessions versus control. OUTCOMES MEASURES Functional capacity, muscle strength, muscle mass, psychological outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, biochemical variables and adverse events. DATA ANALYSIS Data were meta-analysed where possible and results were expressed as the pooled mean difference between groups with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Eight studies (221 patients) were included in the analysis. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was fair to good. NMES improved functional capacity as assessed by the 6-minute walk distance test (MD 31 m, 95% CI 13 to 49) and peak workload attained in incremental exercise (MD 12.5 W, 95% CI 3.2 to 21.9). NMES increased knee extensor muscle strength (MD 3.5 kg, 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and handgrip strength (MD 2.4 kg, 95% CI 0.4 to 4.4). Muscle mass/architecture was not substantially affected. NMES was estimated to be beneficial for several domains of quality of life in several studies, although most of these estimates were imprecise. No benefits were found for cardiovascular outcomes. The available data did not establish any clear effects on cardiovascular outcomes or biochemical variables (dialysis efficiency, urea and creatinine). No major NMES-related adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS NMES is safe, practical and effective for improving functional capacity and muscle strength in haemodialysis patients. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018107323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier S Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ("imas12"), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; i+HeALTH, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ("imas12"), Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hypertension Unit and Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ("imas12"), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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del Río-Martín A, Pérez-Taboada I, Fernández-Pérez A, Moratalla R, de la Villa P, Vallejo M. Hypomorphic Expression of Pitx3 Disrupts Circadian Clocks and Prevents Metabolic Entrainment of Energy Expenditure. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3678-3692.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pérez de Lara MJ, Avilés-Trigueros M, Guzmán-Aránguez A, Valiente-Soriano FJ, de la Villa P, Vidal-Sanz M, Pintor J. Potential role of P2X7 receptor in neurodegenerative processes in a murine model of glaucoma. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:61-74. [PMID: 31102752 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness, characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The mechanisms that trigger the development of glaucoma remain unknown and have gained significant relevance in the study of this neurodegenerative disease. P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7R) could be involved in the regulation of the synaptic transmission and neuronal death in the retina through different pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular signals underlying glaucomatous retinal injury. The time-course of functional, morphological, and molecular changes in the glaucomatous retina of the DBA/2J mice were investigated. The expression and localization of P2X7R was analysed in relation with retinal markers. Caspase-3, JNK, and p38 were evaluated in control and glaucomatous mice by immunohistochemical and western-blot analysis. Furthermore, electroretinogram recordings (ERG) were performed to assess inner retina dysfunction. Glaucomatous mice exhibited changes in P2X7R expression as long as the pathology progressed. There was P2X7R overexpression in RGCs, the primary injured neurons, which correlated with the loss of function through ERG measurements. All analyzed MAPK and caspase-3 proteins were upregulated in the DBA/2J retinas suggesting a pro-apoptotic cell death. The increase in P2X7Rs presence may contribute, together with other factors, to the changes in retinal functionality and the concomitant death of RGCs. These findings provide evidence of possible intracellular pathways responsible for apoptosis regulation during glaucomatous degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Pérez de Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán-Aránguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Valiente-Soriano
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30120, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Valenzuela PL, Morales JS, Foster C, Lucia A, de la Villa P. Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Surrogate of the Lactate Threshold? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:1293-1298. [PMID: 29745765 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the relationship between functional threshold power (FTP) and the lactate threshold (LT). METHODS A total of 20 male cyclists performed an incremental test in which LT was determined. At least 48 h later, they performed a 20-min time trial, and 95% of the mean power output was defined as FTP. Participants were divided into recreational (peak power output < 4.5 W·kg-1; n = 11) or trained cyclists (peak power output > 4.5 W·kg-1; n = 9) according to their fitness status. RESULTS The FTP (240 [35] W) was overall not significantly different (effect size = 0.20; limits of agreement = -2.4% [11.5%]) from the LT (246 [24] W), and both markers were strongly correlated (r = .95; P < .0001). Accounting for the participants' fitness status, no significant differences were found between FTP and LT (effect size = 0.22; limits of agreement =2.1% [7.8%]) in trained cyclists, but FTP was significantly lower than the LT (P = .0004, effect size = 0.81; limits of agreement =-6.5% [8.3%]) in recreational cyclists. A significant relationship was found between relative peak power output and the bias between FTP and the LT markers (r = .77; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS FTP is a valid field test-based marker for the assessment of endurance fitness. However, caution should be taken when using FTP interchangeably with LT, as the bias between markers seems to depend on the athlete's fitness status. Whereas FTP provides a good estimate of LT in trained cyclists, in recreational cyclists, it may underestimate LT.
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26
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Rubio-Fernández M, Uribe ML, Vicente-Tejedor J, Germain F, Susín-Lara C, Quereda C, Montoliu L, de la Villa P, Martín-Nieto J, Cruces J. Impairment of photoreceptor ribbon synapses in a novel Pomt1 conditional knockout mouse model of dystroglycanopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8543. [PMID: 29867208 PMCID: PMC5986861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) resulting from deficiency of protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1) may cause severe neuromuscular dystrophies with brain and eye anomalies, named dystroglycanopathies. The retinal involvement of these disorders motivated us to generate a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse experiencing a Pomt1 intragenic deletion (exons 3-4) during the development of photoreceptors, mediated by the Cre recombinase expressed from the cone-rod homeobox (Crx) gene promoter. In this mouse, retinal α-DG was unglycosylated and incapable of binding laminin. Retinal POMT1 deficiency caused significant impairments in both electroretinographic recordings and optokinetic reflex in Pomt1 cKO mice, and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the absence of β-DG and of the α-DG-interacting protein, pikachurin, in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). At the ultrastructural level, noticeable alterations were observed in the ribbon synapses established between photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Therefore, O-mannosylation of α-DG in the retina carried out by POMT1 is crucial for the establishment of proper synapses at the OPL and transmission of visual information from cones and rods to their postsynaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rubio-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Luz Uribe
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Vicente-Tejedor
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Germain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Susín-Lara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Quereda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain.,Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús Cruces
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Sánchez-Cruz A, Villarejo-Zori B, Marchena M, Zaldivar-Díez J, Palomo V, Gil C, Lizasoain I, de la Villa P, Martínez A, de la Rosa EJ, Hernández-Sánchez C. Modulation of GSK-3 provides cellular and functional neuroprotection in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:19. [PMID: 29661219 PMCID: PMC5902946 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal neurodegenerative conditions characterized by primary dysfunction and death of photoreceptor cells, resulting in visual loss and, eventually, blindness. To date, no effective therapies have been transferred to clinic. Given the diverse genetic etiology of RP, targeting common cellular and molecular retinal alterations has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Methods Using the Pde6brd10/rd10 mouse model of RP, we investigated the effects of daily intraperitoneal administration of VP3.15, a small-molecule heterocyclic GSK-3 inhibitor. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR and protein expression and phosphorylation by Western blot. Photoreceptor preservation was evaluated by histological analysis and visual function was assessed by electroretinography. Results In rd10 retinas, increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers and reactive gliosis coincided with the early stages of retinal degeneration. Compared with wild-type controls, GSK-3β expression (mRNA and protein) remained unchanged during the retinal degeneration period. However, levels of GSK-3βSer9 and its regulator AktSer473 were increased in rd10 versus wild-type retinas. In vivo administration of VP3.15 reduced photoreceptor cell loss and preserved visual function. This neuroprotective effect was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers. Conclusions These results provide proof of concept of the therapeutic potential of VP3.15 for the treatment of retinal neurodegenerative conditions in general, and RP in particular. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0251-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Sánchez-Cruz
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.,Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marchena
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Zaldivar-Díez
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique J de la Rosa
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Departments of Molecular Biomedicine (3D Lab) and Structural and Chemical Biology (IPSBB Unit), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Ultra-endurance sports have gained popularity over the last years. In this case, a well-trained cyclist completed 503.5 km non-stop (33.3 km.h-1). Speed and power output were reduced during the trial, being the reduction of power attributable to changes in pedal velocity rather than pedal forces. Heart rate (HR) showed an initial cardiovascular drift and progressively decreased independently of power. A decreased HR variability, a marked inflammatory response, signs of muscle damage and alterations of the haematological profile were observed after the trial. These adverse physiological effects were still present 24-48 h after exercise. A reduction in handgrip maximal voluntary contraction was observed immediately after the trial and 24 h later despite these muscles being minimally active during exercise. These findings show the high levels of stress to which the organism is subjected during ultra-endurance exercise even in the case of a trained cyclist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- a Physiology Unit, Systems Biology Department , University of Alcalá , Madrid , Spain.,b Department of Sport and Health , Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carl Foster
- c Department of Exercise and Sport Science , University of Wisconsin-La Crosse , La Crosse , USA
| | - Alejandro Lucía
- d School of Health Sciences , European University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- a Physiology Unit, Systems Biology Department , University of Alcalá , Madrid , Spain
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Blanco R, Martínez-Navarrete G, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Avilés-Trigueros M, Pérez-Rico C, Serrano-Puebla A, Boya P, Fernández E, Vidal-Sanz M, de la Villa P. The S1P1 receptor-selective agonist CYM-5442 protects retinal ganglion cells in endothelin-1 induced retinal ganglion cell loss. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:37-45. [PMID: 28827028 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of using a specific sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P1) receptor agonist, CYM-5442, to slow or block retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced RGC loss. A single intravitreal injection of ET-1 (20pmol/ul), a potent vasoactive peptide that produces retinal vessels vasoconstriction, was used to induce and characterize RGC-specific cell death. CYM-5442 (1 mgr/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for five consecutive days after ET-1-induced RGC loss. The functional extent of RGC loss injury was evaluated with pattern visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroretinography. RGCs and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were assessed in vivo using optical coherence tomography and ex vivo using Brn3a immunohistochemistry in flat-mounted retinas. ET-1 caused significant RGC loss and function loss one week after intravitreal injection. VEP showed preserved visual function after CYM-5442 administration compared to vehicle-treated animals (11.95 ± 0.86 μV vs 3.47 ± 1.20 μV, n = 12) (p < 0.05). RNFL was significantly thicker in the CYM treated-animals compared to the vehicle (93.62 ± 3.22 μm vs 77.72 ± 0.35 μm, n = 12) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Brn3a immunohistochemistry validated this observation, showing significantly higher RGCs numbers in CYM treated rats than in the vehicle group (76,540 ± 303 vs 52,426 ± 1,932 cells/retina, n = 9) (p = 0.05). CYM-5442 administration was associated with significant retinal cleaved caspase-3 deactivation, indicating reduced apoptotic levels. The results of the present study further demonstrate the important role of S1P1 receptor agonists to lessen intravitreal ET-1 induced RGC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Blanco
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Martínez-Navarrete
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Francisco J Valiente-Soriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Biosanitary Research Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Biosanitary Research Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pérez-Rico
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Puebla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Research Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Research Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Murcia and Murcia Institute of Biosanitary Research Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Navarro Brazález B, Torres Lacomba M, de la Villa P, Sánchez Sánchez B, Prieto Gómez V, Asúnsolo Del Barco Á, McLean L. The evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength in women with pelvic floor dysfunction: A reliability and correlation study. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:269-277. [PMID: 28455942 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of this study were: (i) to evaluate the reliability of vaginal palpation, vaginal manometry, vaginal dynamometry; and surface (transperineal) electromyography (sEMG), when evaluating pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and/or activation; and (ii) to determine the associations among PFM strength measured using these assessments. METHODS One hundred and fifty women with pelvic floor disorders participated on one occasion, and 20 women returned for the same investigations by two different raters on 3 different days. At each session, PFM strength was assessed using palpation (both the modified Oxford Grading Scale and the Levator ani testing), manometry, and dynamometry; and PFM activation was assessed using sEMG. RESULTS The interrater reliability of manometry, dynamometry, and sEMG (both root-mean-square [RMS] and integral average) was high (Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient [CCC] = 0.95, 0.93, 0.91, 0.86, respectively), whereas the interrater reliability of both palpation grading scales was low (Cohen's Kappa [k] = 0.27-0.38). The intrarater reliability of manometry (CCC = 0.96), and dynamometry (CCC = 0.96) were high, whereas intrarater reliability of both palpation scales (k = 0.78 for both), and of sEMG (CCC = 0.79 vs 0.80 for RMS vs integral average) was moderate. The Bland-Altman plot showed good inter and intrarater agreement, with little random variability for all instruments. The correlations among palpation, manometry, and dynamometry were moderate (coefficient of determination [r2 ] ranged from 0.52 to 0.75), however, transperineal sEMG amplitude was only weakly correlated with all measures of strength (r2 = 0.23-0.30). CONCLUSIONS Manometry and dynamometry are more reliable tools than vaginal palpation for the assessment of PFM strength in women with pelvic floor disorders, especially when different raters are involved. The different PFM strength measures used clinically are moderately correlated; whereas, PFM activation recorded using transperineal sEMG is only weakly correlated with PFM strength. Results from perineal sEMG should not be interpreted in the context of reporting PFM strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Navarro Brazález
- Physical Therapy in Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Torres Lacomba
- Physical Therapy in Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Physical Therapy in Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez Sánchez
- Physical Therapy in Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Prieto Gómez
- Physical Therapy in Women's Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo Del Barco
- Preventive Medicine and Health Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda McLean
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Contreras L, Ramirez L, Du J, Hurley JB, Satrústegui J, de la Villa P. Deficient glucose and glutamine metabolism in Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12 knockout mice contributes to altered visual function. Mol Vis 2016; 22:1198-1212. [PMID: 27746674 PMCID: PMC5063090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the vision phenotype of mice lacking Aralar/AGC1/Slc25a12, the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier mutated in global cerebral hypomyelination (OMIM 612949). METHODS We tested overnight dark-adapted control and aralar-deficient mice for the standard full electroretinogram (ERG) response. The metabolic stress of dark-adaptation was reduced by 5 min illumination after which the ERG response was monitored in darkness. We used the electrical response to two identical saturating light flashes (paired-flash stimulation) to isolate the inner retina and photoreceptor responses. Retinal morphology was examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry of antibodies against retinal cells, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) labeling. RESULTS Aralar plays a pivotal role in retina metabolism as aralar provides de novo synthesis pathway for glutamine, protects glutamate from oxidation, and is required for efficient glucose oxidative metabolism. Aralar-deficient mice are not blind as their retinas have light-evoked activity. However, we report an approximate 50% decrease in the ERG amplitude response in the light-evoked activity of dark-adapted retinas from aralar-deficient mice, in spite of normal retina histology. The defective response is partly reversed by exposure to a brief illumination period, which lowers the metabolic stress of dark-adaptation. The metabolic stress and ERG alteration takes place primarily in photoreceptors, but the response to two flashes applied in fast succession also revealed an alteration in synaptic transmission consistent with an imbalance of glutamate and an energy deficit in the inner retina neurons. CONCLUSIONS We propose that compromised glucose oxidation and altered glutamine and glutamate metabolism in the absence of aralar are responsible for the phenotype reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Contreras
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, CI.B.E.R. de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ramirez
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James B. Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, CI.B.E.R. de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Izquierdo-Serra M, Bautista-Barrufet A, Trapero A, Garrido-Charles A, Díaz-Tahoces A, Camarero N, Pittolo S, Valbuena S, Pérez-Jiménez A, Gay M, García-Moll A, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Lerma J, de la Villa P, Fernández E, Pericàs MÀ, Llebaria A, Gorostiza P. Optical control of endogenous receptors and cellular excitability using targeted covalent photoswitches. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12221. [PMID: 27436051 PMCID: PMC4961765 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-regulated drugs allow remotely photoswitching biological activity and enable plausible therapies based on small molecules. However, only freely diffusible photochromic ligands have been shown to work directly in endogenous receptors and methods for covalent attachment depend on genetic manipulation. Here we introduce a chemical strategy to covalently conjugate and photoswitch the activity of endogenous proteins and demonstrate its application to the kainate receptor channel GluK1. The approach is based on photoswitchable ligands containing a short-lived, highly reactive anchoring group that is targeted at the protein of interest by ligand affinity. These targeted covalent photoswitches (TCPs) constitute a new class of light-regulated drugs and act as prosthetic molecules that photocontrol the activity of GluK1-expressing neurons, and restore photoresponses in degenerated retina. The modularity of TCPs enables the application to different ligands and opens the way to new therapeutic opportunities. Biological activity can be photoswitched by light-regulated drugs, but so far only diffusible ligands have been shown to work on endogenous receptors. Here the authors develop targeted covalent photoswitches that couple to a protein target by ligand affinity, and demonstrate photocontrol of GluK1-expressing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni Bautista-Barrufet
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ana Trapero
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | | | - Ariadna Díaz-Tahoces
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Nuria Camarero
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Pittolo
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sergio Valbuena
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | | | - Marina Gay
- Institut de Recerca en Biomedicina (IRBB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Miquel À Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona 43007, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Isiegas C, Marinich-Madzarevich JA, Marchena M, Ruiz JM, Cano MJ, de la Villa P, Hernández-Sánchez C, de la Rosa EJ, de Pablo F. Intravitreal Injection of Proinsulin-Loaded Microspheres Delays Photoreceptor Cell Death and Vision Loss in therd10Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 57:3610-8. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Marchena
- Department of System Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of System Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain 43D Lab, Development, Differentiation & Degeneration, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cie
| | - Enrique J. de la Rosa
- 3D Lab, Development, Differentiation & Degeneration, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Flora de Pablo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain 43D Lab, Development, Differentiation & Degeneration, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cie
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Arroba AI, Alcalde-Estevez E, García-Ramírez M, Cazzoni D, de la Villa P, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM, Hernández C, Simó R, Valverde ÁM. Modulation of microglia polarization dynamics during diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1663-74. [PMID: 27267343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Arroba
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Marta García-Ramírez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Cazzoni
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Spain.
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Jimeno D, Gómez C, Calzada N, de la Villa P, Lillo C, Santos E. RASGRF2 controls nuclear migration in postnatal retinal cone photoreceptors. Development 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.136440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jimeno D, Gómez C, Calzada N, de la Villa P, Lillo C, Santos E. RASGRF2 controls nuclear migration in postnatal retinal cone photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:729-42. [PMID: 26743081 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed immunocytochemical analyses comparing wild-type (WT), GRF1-knockout (KO), GRF2-KO and GRF1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mouse retinas uncovered the specific accumulation of misplaced, 'ectopic' cone photoreceptor nuclei in the photoreceptor segment (PS) area of retinas from GRF2-KO and GRF1/2-DKO, but not of WT or GRF1-KO mice. Localization of ectopic nuclei in the PS area of GRF2-depleted retinas occurred postnatally and peaked between postnatal day (P)11 and P15. Mechanistically, the generation of this phenotype involved disruption of the outer limiting membrane and intrusion into the PS layer by cone nuclei displaying significant perinuclear accumulation of signaling molecules known to participate in nuclear migration and cytoskeletal reorganization, such as PAR3, PAR6 and activated, phosphorylated forms of PAK, MLC2 and VASP. Electroretinographic recordings showed specific impairment of cone-mediated retinal function in GRF2-KO and GRF1/2-DKO retinas compared with WT controls. These data identify defective cone nuclear migration as a novel phenotype in mouse retinas lacking GRF2 and support a crucial role of GRF2 in control of the nuclear migration processes required for proper postnatal development and function of retinal cone photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain, Spain
| | | | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC - Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Valenzuela PL, de la Villa P, Ferragut C. Effect of Two Types of Active Recovery on Fatigue and Climbing Performance. J Sports Sci Med 2015; 14:769-775. [PMID: 26664273 PMCID: PMC4657419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Performing intra-session recovery is important in rock climbing due to the multiple efforts that climbers are required to make in competitions, as well as repeated climbing trials that they carry out during training sessions. Active recovery has been shown to be a better option than passive recovery. However, the type of active recovery that should be done and the influence of the type and quantity of muscle mass activated are not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of recovering with easy climbing (CR) or walking (WR) on markers of fatigue and climbing performance. For this purpose, 14 subjects participated in this randomly assigned crossover protocol completing three two-minute climbing trials separated by two minutes of active recovery with the assigned method. Seven days later participants carried out the same protocol with the other recovery method. Blood lactate (La(-)), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate (HR) were analyzed as markers of fatigue and recovery, while meters climbed (MC) and handgrip force (HF) were analyzed for performance. La- values before the last climbing trial (p < 0.05; d = 0.69) and Peak La- values (p < 0.05; d = 0.77) were lower for CR than for WR. Climbers were able to ascend more meters in the set time when following the CR protocol (p < 0.01; d = 0.6), which shows the important role of the active recovery method carried out on climbing performance. There were no differences in HR, HF or RPE between protocols. A more sport-specific recovery protocol, in addition to moving great muscle mass (e.g. lower limbs), seems to enhance recovery and to facilitate lactate removal. For this reason, CR appears to be a more effective active recovery method than WR in sport rock climbing. Key pointsClimbing recovery improved lactate removal in comparison with walking recovery.Subjects were able to climb more meters in a determined time when easy climbing instead of walking during recoveries.Activating both great muscle mass like that of the lower limbs as well as the main fatigue producing muscles (forearms in climbing) seems more effective for recovering than activating just great muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physiology, Biology Systems Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá , Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Physiology, Biology Systems Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá , Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferragut
- Sport and Physical Education Area, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá , Madrid, Spain
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Gómez-Vicente V, Lax P, Fernández-Sánchez L, Rondón N, Esquiva G, Germain F, de la Villa P, Cuenca N. Neuroprotective Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137826. [PMID: 26379056 PMCID: PMC4574963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell degeneration underlies the pathophysiology of diseases affecting the retina and optic nerve. Several studies have previously evidenced the anti-apoptotic properties of the bile constituent, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, in diverse models of photoreceptor degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of systemic administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage in the rat retina using a functional and morphological approach. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid was administered intraperitoneally before and after intravitreal injection of NMDA. Three days after insult, full-field electroretinograms showed reductions in the amplitudes of the positive and negative-scotopic threshold responses, scotopic a- and b-waves and oscillatory potentials. Quantitative morphological evaluation of whole-mount retinas demonstrated a reduction in the density of retinal ganglion cells. Systemic administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuated the functional impairment induced by NMDA, which correlated with a higher retinal ganglion cell density. Our findings sustain the efficacy of tauroursodeoxycholic acid administration in vivo, suggesting it would be a good candidate for the pharmacological treatment of degenerative diseases coursing with retinal ganglion cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Netxibeth Rondón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gema Esquiva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Germain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pérez de Lara MJ, Guzmán-Aránguez A, de la Villa P, Díaz-Hernández JI, Miras-Portugal MT, Pintor J. Increased levels of extracellular ATP in glaucomatous retinas: Possible role of the vesicular nucleotide transporter during the development of the pathology. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1060-70. [PMID: 26392744 PMCID: PMC4558477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study retinal extracellular ATP levels and to assess the changes in the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) expression in a murine model of glaucoma during the development of the disease. METHODS Retinas were obtained from glaucomatous DBA/2J mice at 3, 9, 15, and 22 months together with C57BL/6J mice used as age-matched controls. To study retinal nucleotide release, the retinas were dissected and prepared as flattened whole mounts and stimulated in Ringer buffer with or without 59 mM KCl. To investigate VNUT expression, sections of the mouse retinas were evaluated with immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis using newly developed antibodies against VNUT. All images were examined and photographed under confocal microscopy. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were performed on the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice to analyze the changes in the electrophysiological response; a decrease in the scotopic threshold response was observed in the 15-month-old DBA/2J mice. RESULTS In the 15-month-old control and glaucomatous mice, electrophysiological changes of 42% were observed. In addition, 50% increases in the intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed when the pathology was fully established. The responses in the retinal ATP net release as the pathology progressed varied from 0.32±0.04 pmol/retina (3 months) to 1.10±0.06 pmol/retina (15 months; threefold increase). Concomitantly, VNUT expression was significantly increased during glaucoma progression in the DBA/2J mice (58%) according to the immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results may indicate a possible correlation between retinal dysfunction and increased levels of extracellular ATP and nucleotide transporter. These data support an excitotoxicity role for ATP via P2X7R in glaucoma. This modified cellular environment could contribute to explaining the functional and biochemical alterations observed during the development of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Pérez de Lara
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán-Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departmento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Pérez de Lara MJ, Santano C, Guzmán-Aránguez A, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Avilés-Trigueros M, Vidal-Sanz M, de la Villa P, Pintor J. Assessment of inner retina dysfunction and progressive ganglion cell loss in a mouse model of glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2014; 122:40-9. [PMID: 24631335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The DBA/2J mouse is a model of ocular hypertension and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, the main features of which are iris pigment dispersion (IPD) and iris stromal atrophy (ISA). These animals also experience glaucomatous changes, including an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) beginning at about 9-12 months of age and sectorial RGC death in the retina. The aim of this study was to determine the onset of functional changes exhibited by DBA/2J mice in the inner retina. This was performed by means of electroretinographic recordings (scotopic threshold response, STR) and their correlation with morphological changes (loss of RGCs). To this end, we recorded the scotopic threshold response in control C57BL/6J and in DBA/2J mice at different ages. The RGCs, in both DBA/2J and C57BL/6J animals, were identified at 15 months of age by retrograde tracing with an analogue of fluorogold, hydroxystilbamidine methanesulfonate (OHSt), applied on the superior colliculi. Whole mount retinas were processed to quantify the population of RGCs identified by fluorogold tracing and Brn3a immunodetection, and were counted using image analysis software; an isodensity contour plot was generated for each retina. DBA/2J mice showed a significant reduction in the positive STR (pSTR) amplitudes at 12 months of age, as compared to control C57BL/6J mice of the same age. The pSTR mean amplitude decreased to approximately 27.82% of the values recorded in control mice (p = 0.0058). STR responses decreased in both strains as a result of the natural process of aging, but the decrease was more pronounced in DBA/2J mice. Furthermore, quantification of the total number of RGCs identified by OHSt and Brn3a expression showed a reduced population of RGCs in DBA/2J mice as compared to control mice. Regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the decrease in pSTR and a non-homogeneous reduction in the number of RGCs throughout the retina. Our results indicate the existence of a correlation between retinal function impairment and RGC loss. This functional and morphological analysis allows a reliable assessment of the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Pérez de Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037 Madrid, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - Concepción Santano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán-Aránguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037 Madrid, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - F Javier Valiente-Soriano
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Dept. of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30100 Murcia, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Dept. of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30100 Murcia, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Dept. of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia Institute of Bio-Health Research (IMIB), E-30100 Murcia, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, c/Arcos de Jalón 118, E-28037 Madrid, Spain; Red Española Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Patología Ocular Prevalente y Crónica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, PC, Spain.
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Laguna A, Barallobre MJ, Marchena MÁ, Mateus C, Ramírez E, Martínez-Cue C, Delabar JM, Castelo-Branco M, de la Villa P, Arbonés ML. Triplication of DYRK1A causes retinal structural and functional alterations in Down syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2775-84. [PMID: 23512985 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) results from the triplication of approximately 300 human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes and affects almost all body organs. Children with DS have defects in visual processing that may have a negative impact on their daily life and cognitive development. However, there is little known about the genes and pathogenesis underlying these defects. Here, we show morphometric in vivo data indicating that the neural retina is thicker in DS individuals than in the normal population. A similar thickening specifically affecting the inner part of the retina was also observed in a trisomic model of DS, the Ts65Dn mouse. Increased retinal size and cellularity in this model correlated with abnormal retinal function and resulted from an impaired caspase-9-mediated apoptosis during development. Moreover, we show that mice bearing only one additional copy of Dyrk1a have the same retinal phenotype as Ts65Dn mice and normalization of Dyrk1a gene copy number in Ts65Dn mice completely rescues both, morphological and functional phenotypes. Thus, triplication of Dyrk1a is necessary and sufficient to cause the retinal phenotype described in the trisomic model. Our data demonstrate for the first time the implication of DYRK1A overexpression in a developmental alteration of the central nervous system associated with DS, thereby providing insights into the aetiology of neurosensorial dysfunction in a complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Laguna
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona IBMB-CSIC, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Arroba AI, Revuelta-Cervantes J, Menes L, González-Rodríguez Á, Pardo V, de la Villa P, Burks DJ, Valverde ÁM. Loss of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Increases IGF-I Receptor Tyrosine Phosphorylation but Does Not Rescue Retinal Defects in IRS2-Deficient Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:4215-25. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Arroba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Revuelta-Cervantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Menes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain 3Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Pardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departmento de Fisiología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Deborah J. Burks
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain 3Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain 2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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Villacampa P, Ribera A, Motas S, Ramírez L, García M, de la Villa P, Haurigot V, Bosch F. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-induced chronic gliosis and retinal stress lead to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of retinopathy. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17631-42. [PMID: 23620587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) exerts multiple effects on different retinal cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. Despite the growth factor's extensively described neuroprotective actions, transgenic mice with increased intraocular levels of IGF-I showed progressive impairment of electroretinographic amplitudes up to complete loss of response, with loss of photoreceptors and bipolar, ganglion, and amacrine neurons. Neurodegeneration was preceded by the overexpression of genes related to retinal stress, acute-phase response, and gliosis, suggesting that IGF-I altered normal retinal homeostasis. Indeed, gliosis and microgliosis were present from an early age in transgenic mice, before other alterations occurred, and were accompanied by signs of oxidative stress and impaired glutamate recycling. Older mice also showed overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that, when chronically increased, intraocular IGF-I is responsible for the induction of deleterious cellular processes that can lead to neurodegeneration, and they highlight the importance that this growth factor may have in the pathogenesis of conditions such as ischemic or diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Villacampa
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Germain F, Istillarte M, Gómez-Vicente V, Pérez-Rico C, de la Villa P. Electroretinographical and histological study of mouse retina after optic nerve section: a comparison between wild-type and retinal degeneration 1 mice. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:593-602. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Germain
- Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | - Mirna Istillarte
- Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | - Violeta Gómez-Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular; 3D Lab, Desarrollo; Diferenciación y Degeneración; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; Madrid; Spain
| | - Consuelo Pérez-Rico
- Servicio de Oftalmología; Hospital Príncipe de Asturias; Alcalá de Henares; Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
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Fernández-Sánchez L, Lax P, Isiegas C, Ayuso E, Ruiz JM, de la Villa P, Bosch F, de la Rosa EJ, Cuenca N. Proinsulin slows retinal degeneration and vision loss in the P23H rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:1290-300. [PMID: 23017108 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinsulin has been characterized as a neuroprotective molecule. In this work we assess the therapeutic potential of proinsulin on photoreceptor degeneration, synaptic connectivity, and functional activity of the retina in the transgenic P23H rat, an animal model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). P23H homozygous rats received an intramuscular injection of an adeno-associated viral vector serotype 1 (AAV1) expressing human proinsulin (hPi+) or AAV1-null vector (hPi-) at P20. Levels of hPi in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and visual function was evaluated by electroretinographic (ERG) recording at P30, P60, P90, and P120. Preservation of retinal structure was assessed by immunohistochemistry at P120. Human proinsulin was detected in serum from rats injected with hPi+ at all times tested, with average hPi levels ranging from 1.1 nM (P30) to 1.4 nM (P120). ERG recordings showed an amelioration of vision loss in hPi+ animals. The scotopic b-waves were significantly higher in hPi+ animals than in control rats at P90 and P120. This attenuation of visual deterioration correlated with a delay in photoreceptor degeneration and the preservation of retinal cytoarchitecture. hPi+ animals had 48.7% more photoreceptors than control animals. Presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, as well as the synaptic contacts between photoreceptors and bipolar or horizontal cells, were preserved in hPi+ P23H rats. Furthermore, in hPi+ rat retinas the number of rod bipolar cell bodies was greater than in control rats. Our data demonstrate that hPi expression preserves cone and rod structure and function, together with their contacts with postsynaptic neurons, in the P23H rat. These data strongly support the further development of proinsulin-based therapy to counteract retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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López-del Hoyo N, Fazioli L, López-Begines S, Fernández-Sánchez L, Cuenca N, Llorens J, de la Villa P, Méndez A. Overexpression of guanylate cyclase activating protein 2 in rod photoreceptors in vivo leads to morphological changes at the synaptic ribbon. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42994. [PMID: 22912773 PMCID: PMC3418235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase activating proteins are EF-hand containing proteins that confer calcium sensitivity to retinal guanylate cyclase at the outer segment discs of photoreceptor cells. By making the rate of cGMP synthesis dependent on the free intracellular calcium levels set by illumination, GCAPs play a fundamental role in the recovery of the light response and light adaptation. The main isoforms GCAP1 and GCAP2 also localize to the synaptic terminal, where their function is not known. Based on the reported interaction of GCAP2 with Ribeye, the major component of synaptic ribbons, it was proposed that GCAP2 could mediate the synaptic ribbon dynamic changes that happen in response to light. We here present a thorough ultrastructural analysis of rod synaptic terminals in loss-of-function (GCAP1/GCAP2 double knockout) and gain-of-function (transgenic overexpression) mouse models of GCAP2. Rod synaptic ribbons in GCAPs-/- mice did not differ from wildtype ribbons when mice were raised in constant darkness, indicating that GCAPs are not required for ribbon early assembly or maturation. Transgenic overexpression of GCAP2 in rods led to a shortening of synaptic ribbons, and to a higher than normal percentage of club-shaped and spherical ribbon morphologies. Restoration of GCAP2 expression in the GCAPs-/- background (GCAP2 expression in the absence of endogenous GCAP1) had the striking result of shortening ribbon length to a much higher degree than overexpression of GCAP2 in the wildtype background, as well as reducing the thickness of the outer plexiform layer without affecting the number of rod photoreceptor cells. These results indicate that preservation of the GCAP1 to GCAP2 relative levels is relevant for maintaining the integrity of the synaptic terminal. Our demonstration of GCAP2 immunolocalization at synaptic ribbons at the ultrastructural level would support a role of GCAPs at mediating the effect of light on morphological remodeling changes of synaptic ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucrezia Fazioli
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, University of Barcelona-Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Physiology, University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona-Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Garanto A, Vicente-Tejedor J, Riera M, de la Villa P, Gonzàlez-Duarte R, Blanco R, Marfany G. Targeted knockdown of Cerkl, a retinal dystrophy gene, causes mild affectation of the retinal ganglion cell layer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1258-69. [PMID: 22549043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to approach the function of the retinal dystrophy CERKL gene we generated a novel knockout mouse model by cre-mediated targeted deletion of the Cerkl first exon and proximal promoter. The excised genomic region (2.3kb) encompassed the first Cerkl exon, upstream sequences including the proximal promoter and the initial segment of the first intron. The Cerkl-/- mice were viable and fertile. The targeted Cerkl deletion resulted in a knockdown more than a knockout model, given that alternative promoters (unreported at that time) directed basal expression of Cerkl (35%). In situ hybridizations and immunohistochemistry showed that this remnant expression was moderate in the photoreceptors and weak in the ganglion and inner cell layers. Morphological characterization of the Cerkl-/- retinas did not show any gross structural changes, even at 12 months of age. However, some clear and consistent signals of gliosis and retinal stress were detected by the statistically significant increase of i) the glial fibrillary antigen protein (GFAP) expression, and ii) apoptosis, as detected by TUNEL. Remarkably, consistent non-progressive perturbation (from birth up to 12 months of age) of ganglion cells was supported by the decrease of the Brn3a marker expression as well as the reduced oscillatory potentials in the electroretinographic recordings. In conclusion, the Cerkl-/- knockdown shows a mild retinal phenotype, with increased levels of cellular stress and apoptosis indicators, and clear signs of functional alteration at the ganglion cell layer, but no detectable morphological changes.
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Marchena M, Lara J, Aijón J, Germain F, de la Villa P, Velasco A. The retina of the PCD/PCD mouse as a model of photoreceptor degeneration. A structural and functional study. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:607-17. [PMID: 21824473 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we used the pcd (Purkinje cell degeneration) mutant mouse with a slow temporal progression of photoreceptor degeneration in order to analyze the structural and functional modifications in the neuronal populations of the outer and inner retina. Retinal immunocytochemistry and functional electroretinography were performed on the pcd/pcd mutant mice and control wild type animals of the C57/DBA strain at 45, 90, 180 and 270 post-natal days. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for a series of protein markers: calbindin, calretinin, PKCα, bassoon, synapsin, syntaxin and islet1. Full field electroretinography recordings were performed on control and dystrophic mice. Rod and mixed responses, and oscillatory potentials, were recorded in dark adapted conditions; cone and flicker responses were recorded under light adaptation. Our results show significant structural modifications in the photoreceptor populations and neurons of the inner retina. Changes in cell morphology affect mainly to the bipolar cells, which gradually lose their dendritic tufts. The electroretinography records reveal that in the pcd retinas the rod and cone systems show a reduction in the amplitude of the electrical signals. This decrease progresses slowly with the passage of time, although for the most advanced stage of photoreceptor degeneration considered, 270 post-natal days, it is still possible to record light induced responses. We conclude that pcd mice experience a loss of retinal function in correlation with the loss of photoreceptors with age, and significant changes in retinal synaptic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Marchena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Climent B, Zsiros E, Stankevicius E, de la Villa P, Panyi G, Simonsen U, García-Sacristán A, Rivera L. Intact rat superior mesenteric artery endothelium is an electrical syncytium and expresses strong inward rectifier K+ conductance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:501-7. [PMID: 21679686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypes may change dramatically after isolation and in cell cultures. This study was designed to investigate gap junctions coupling in an integrated intact preparation and to test if K(IR) channels modulate resting membrane conductance in "in situ" endothelial cells (EC), and acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked relaxation of the rat superior mesenteric artery. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Whole cell blind patch recordings of ionic currents from in situ EC, dye-coupling experiments, and functional studies were performed in rat superior mesenteric artery. KEY RESULTS EC were dye-coupled through gap junctions. 18β-glycyrretinic acid (25 μM) decreased outward and inward currents, the 80% decay of time and time constant of the capacitative transients, capacitance, and increased input resistance. Barium chloride (30 μM) decreased resting and ACh-evoked inward currents, the sensitivity of ACh-evoked relaxation, and decreased both the sensitivity and the maximal relaxation to S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine in arteries with, but not in arteries without endothelium. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the EC layer of this large artery is electrically coupled, and that K(IR) channels regulate resting inward conductance, hence suggesting that they are of importance for resting membrane potential in in situ EC. Moreover, EC K(IR) channels are involved in ACh-evoked relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Alarcón-Martínez L, Avilés-Trigueros M, Galindo-Romero C, Valiente-Soriano J, Agudo-Barriuso M, Villa PDL, Villegas-Pérez MP, Vidal-Sanz M. ERG changes in albino and pigmented mice after optic nerve transection. Vision Res 2010; 50:2176-87. [PMID: 20727908 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve transection (ONT) triggers retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. By using this paradigm, we have analyzed for the first time in adult albino and pigmented mice, the effects of ONT in the scotopic threshold response (STR) components (negative and positive) of the full-field electroretinogram. Two weeks after ONT, when in pigmented mice approximately 18% of the RGC population survive, the STR-implicit time decreased and the p and nSTR waves diminished approximately to 40% or 55%, in albino or pigmented, respectively, with respect to the values recorded from the non-operated contralateral eyes. These changes were maintained up to 12 weeks post-ONT, demonstrating that the ERG-STR is a useful parameter to monitor RGC functionality in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcón-Martínez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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