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Costa-Verdera H, Unzu C, Valeri E, Adriouch S, González Aseguinolaza G, Mingozzi F, Kajaste-Rudnitski A. Understanding and Tackling Immune Responses to Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:836-852. [PMID: 37672519 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical experience in adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-based gene therapies is expanding, the necessity to better understand and control the host immune responses is also increasing. Immunogenicity of AAV vectors in humans has been linked to several limitations of the platform, including lack of efficacy due to antibody-mediated neutralization, tissue inflammation, loss of transgene expression, and in some cases, complement activation and acute toxicities. Nevertheless, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of immune responses to AAV gene therapies, further hampered by the failure of preclinical animal models to recapitulate clinical findings. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge regarding immune responses, spanning from innate immunity to humoral and adaptive responses, triggered by AAV vectors and how they can be mitigated for safer, durable, and more effective gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Costa-Verdera
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Unzu
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Erika Valeri
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Gloria González Aseguinolaza
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L., Pamplona, Spain; and
| | | | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCSS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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González Aseguinolaza G, Izeta A, Martin Molina F. Spanish Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1425-1426. [PMID: 34935450 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.29190.gga] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria González Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Cima-Universidad de Navarra, Vivet Therapeutics SL, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin Molina
- Genomic Medicine Department, Genómica e Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Centro Pfizer - Universidad de Granada - Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
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Anasagasti A, Lara-López A, Milla-Navarro S, Escudero-Arrarás L, Rodríguez-Hidalgo M, Zabaleta N, González Aseguinolaza G, de la Villa P, Ruiz-Ederra J. Inhibition of MicroRNA 6937 Delays Photoreceptor and Vision Loss in a Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100913. [PMID: 32987664 PMCID: PMC7598722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare retinal conditions, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), caused by monogenic mutations in 1 out of more than 250 genes. Despite recent advancements in gene therapy, there is still a lack of an effective treatment for this group of retinal conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expression. Control of miRNAs-mediated protein expression has been described as a widely used mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation in many physiological and pathological processes in different organs, including the retina. Our main purpose was to test the hypothesis that modulation of a group of miRNAs can protect photoreceptor cells from death in the rd10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. For this, we incorporated modulators of three miRNAs in adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), which were administered through sub-retinal injections. The results obtained indicate that inhibition of the miR-6937-5p slows down the visual deterioration of rd10 mice, reflected by an increased electroretinogram (ERG) wave response under scotopic conditions and significant preservation of the outer nuclear layer thickness. This work contributes to broadening our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying retinitis pigmentosa and supports the development of novel therapeutic approaches for RP based on miRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Anasagasti
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
- Viralgen Vector Core, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Araceli Lara-López
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - Santiago Milla-Navarro
- Visual Neurophysiology, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
| | - Leire Escudero-Arrarás
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, FIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.Z.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Gloria González Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, FIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.Z.); (G.G.A.)
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Visual Neurophysiology, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, 28801 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
- RETICS OFTARED, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Ederra
- Sensorial Neurodegeneration Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.A.); (A.L.-L.); (L.E.-A.); (M.R.-H.)
- RETICS OFTARED, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006128
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Ferrage F, Dutta K, Nistal-Villán E, Patel JR, Sánchez-Aparicio MT, De Ioannes P, Buku A, Aseguinolaza GG, García-Sastre A, Aggarwal AK. Structure and dynamics of the second CARD of human RIG-I provide mechanistic insights into regulation of RIG-I activation. Structure 2012; 20:2048-61. [PMID: 23063562 PMCID: PMC3625992 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I is a cytosolic sensor of viral RNA, comprised of two N-terminal CARDs followed by helicase and C-terminal regulatory domains (helicase-CTD). Viral RNA binds to the helicase-CTD and "exposes" the CARDs for downstream signaling. The role of the second CARD (CARD2) is essential as RIG-I activation requires dephosphorylation of Thr170 followed by ubiquitination at Lys172. Here, we present the solution structure and dynamics of human RIG-I CARD2. Surprisingly, we find that Thr170 is mostly buried. Parallel studies on the phosphomimetic T170E mutant suggest that the loss of function upon Thr170 phosphorylation is likely associated with changes in the CARD1-CARD2 interface that may prevent Lys172 ubiquitination and/or binding to free K63-linked polyubiquitin. We also demonstrate a strong interaction between CARD2 and the helicase-CTD, and show that mutations at the interface result in constitutive activation of RIG-I. Collectively, our data suggests a close interplay between phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and activation of human RIG-I, all mediated by CARD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Ferrage
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR 7203 CNRS-UPMC-ENS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kaushik Dutta
- New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villán
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology
- Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angeliki Buku
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gloria González Aseguinolaza
- Department of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Centro de Investigación Medica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aneel K. Aggarwal
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Nistal-Villán E, Hu J, Aseguinolaza GG, Garcı´a-Sastre A, Wetmur J. PS3-10 A common retinoic inducible Gene I (RIG-I) polymorphism in amino acid 7 is responsible for a differential interferon beta induction probably due to differences in RIG-I ubiquitination. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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