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Mhmoud NA. Association of Toll-like Receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 Genes Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sudanese Patients. Immunotargets Ther 2023; 12:47-75. [PMID: 37051380 PMCID: PMC10085002 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s404915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are important contributors to the development of a wide range of complex disease. Polymorphisms in genes encoding for toll-like receptors (TLRs) usually influence the efficiency of the immune response to infection and are associated with disease susceptibility and progression. Therefore, we aim to describe the first association between TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Sudanese patients. Methodology Here we performed a case study which included 160 tuberculosis patients and 220 healthy matched controls from Sudan. In the study population, we evaluated the possible association between 86 markers in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to PTB disease in Sudanese population using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results From our results it appeared that in the PTB population the TLR1 (rs5743557, rs4833095, rs5743596), TLR2 (rs5743704, rs5743708, rs3804099), TLR4 (rs4986790, rs4986791), TLR6 (rs5743810), TLR8 (rs3764879, rs3764880), TLR9 (rs352165, rs352167, rs187084) and TLR10 (rs4129009) were significantly more often encountered (p<0.0001) than in the control population and were associated with PTB in the Sudanese population. For the other polymorphisms tested, no association with PTB was found in the population tested. Conclusion The work describes novel mutations in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR8, TLR9 and TLR10 genes and their association with PTB infection in Sudanese population. These results will enhance our ability to determine the risk of developing the disease by targeting specific TLR pathways to reduce the severity of the disease. Future studies are needed in a larger sample to replicate our findings and understand the mechanism of association of TLR polymorphism in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa A Mhmoud
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Correspondence: Najwa A Mhmoud, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan, Fax +249-83-383590, Email
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J. Al –Tamimi B, Al-Mayah QS, Abd-Alwahab HS. Study of HLA-G gene polymorphism and serum level of soluble HLA-G in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIONATURA 2022; 7:1-5. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis affects about one-third of the world population. The incidence of the disease differs significantly among populations living under almost similar conditions, indicating the role of genetic factors. The present study aimed to appraise the impact of HLA-G gene polymorphisms and soluble HLA-G on the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. 48 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other 42 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Both groups evaluated two gene polymorphisms in the HLA-G gene and soluble HLA-G protein. The frequency of Del/Del genotype of rs66554220 (14-bp Ins/Del) polymorphism in patients was 8.33% which was higher than that of controls (2.38%) with a significant difference (crude OR= 9.26, 95%CI=1.06-80.93, p=0.044). Such association remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors, including smoking, family history, socioeconomic status and residence (adjusted OR= 11.83, 95%CI=2.77-50.51, p= 0.01). The median serum level of soluble HLA-G in patients was 34.0 ng/ml (range 6.18-74.25 ng/ml), which was greater than that of controls (median 20 ng/ml, range 312-71.98 ng/ml) with a significant difference. We can conclude that The Del/Del genotype of rs66554220 (14-bp Ins/Del) polymorphism is an independent risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Iraqi population
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HLA-G gene, single nucleotide polymorphism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra J. Al –Tamimi
- Department of Microbiology, College Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon- Iraq
| | - Qasim S. Al-Mayah
- Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad- Iraq
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3
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Chen Y, Peng WH, Lai SF, Luo F, Luo D, Wang BG. Association of gene polymorphisms and environmental factors in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:20-29. [PMID: 32853361 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in China and environmental and genetic factors have an impact on its occurrence and development. We explored the relationship between environmental factors, genetic susceptibility genes and gene-environment interactions and the incidence of TB, as well as their high-risk combination, which can provide a scientific basis for prevention of the disease. METHODS The 242 individuals, which included 82 TB patients, 67 family genetically related patients and 93 healthy controls, all of whom were of the Han population in Guangdong Province. The basic information of subjects was collected, including general conditions, behaviour habits, family environmental factors and blood samples. Two single nucleotides with potential functions (interleukin-10 [IL-10] rs1800896, interferon-γ [IFN-γ] rs2430561) were screened by bioinformatics tools and identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We found that gender, education, TB exposure history, fitness activities, residential areas and indoor hygiene conditions were all associated with the occurrence of TB. In the dominant model, AG+GG of IL-10 and AA of IFN-γ are high-risk genotypes. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis of TB-prone families shows that a combination of male sex, IL-10 AA and AG genotypes and smoking history are elements of high risk for TB infection (prediction accuracy 62.45%, cross-validation consistency 10/10). The MDR analysis of the TB patients group and the healthy control group showed that the combination of low education level, history of TB exposure, and IFN-γ AA genotype represented a higher risk of TB infection (prediction accuracy 80.34%, cross-validation consistency 10/10). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of TB in TB-prone families in the Han population of Guangdong Province is related to environmental factors as well as cytokines IL-10 and IFN-γ. We also found high-risk combinations of genes and environmental factors, providing clues for the timely detection of high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Wen Hui Peng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Shi Feng Lai
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Bao Guo Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Hai Zhu District, Guangzhou City, Guang Dong Province, China
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - 794 CATT 5-8 microsatellite polymorphism and susceptibility of tuberculosis. Infection 2021; 49:457-461. [PMID: 33385298 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genetic determinants associated with tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge, considering the divergent frequencies among populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 polymorphism and susceptibility to TB. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years, with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years. MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were genotyped using sequencing of PCR and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS 126 patients and 119 controls were included. The genotype 5/5 was more frequent among cases (15.1%) than in controls (5.9%) (p = 0.019). Cases had more frequently the allele 5 (29.4%) as compared with controls (19.3%) (p = 0.010). Prevalence of 7/X + 8/X genotypes was not different between cases and controls (p = 0.821). There was no difference between patients with alleles 7 and 8 and those with alleles 5 and 6 (p = 0.608). CONCLUSIONS The genotype 5/5 and the allele 5 of MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were more frequent among TB patients than in controls.
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McHenry ML, Williams SM, Stein CM. Genetics and evolution of tuberculosis pathogenesis: New perspectives and approaches. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 81:104204. [PMID: 31981609 PMCID: PMC7192760 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the most lethal infectious disease globally, but the vast majority of people who are exposed to the primary causative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), do not develop active disease. Most people do, however, show signs of infection that remain throughout their lifetimes. In this review, we develop a framework that describes several possible transitions from pathogen exposure to TB disease and reflect on the genetics studies to address many of these. The evidence strongly supports a human genetic component for both infection and active disease, but many of the existing studies, including some of our own, do not clearly delineate what transition(s) is being explicitly examined. This can make interpretation difficult in terms of why only some people develop active disease. Nonetheless, both linkage peaks and associations with either active disease or latent infection have been identified. For transition to active disease, pathways defined as active TB altered T and B cell signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and T helper cell differentiation are significantly associated. Pathways that affect transition from exposure to infection are less clear-cut, as studies of this phenotype are less common, and a primary response, if it exists, is not yet well defined. Lastly, we discuss the role that interaction between the MTB lineage and human genetics can play in TB disease, especially severity. Severity of TB is at present the only way to study putative co-evolution between MTB and humans as it is impossible in the absence of disease to know the MTB lineage(s) to which an individual has been exposed. In addition, even though severity has been defined in multiple heterogeneous ways, it appears that MTB-human co-evolution may shape pathogenicity. Further analysis of co-evolution, requiring careful analysis of paired samples, may be the best way to completely assess the genetic basis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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6
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Gehlen M, Costa ERD, Rossetti MLR, Silva DR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism and its association with active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234565. [PMID: 32525926 PMCID: PMC7289423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genes associated with susceptibility to TB is a challenge especially due to divergent frequencies among different populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a population of southern Brazil. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years old, diagnosed with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years old. MIF -173 G>C SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. RESULTS 174 patients and 166 controls were included. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls regarding genotype prevalence (p>0.05). Comparing patients with normal genotype (GG) with those with at least one C allele, there was also no statistically significant difference (p = 0.135). Also, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the homozygous for the mutation (CC) with the other patients (GG and CG) (p = 0.864). CONCLUSIONS We did not find association between MIF -173 G>C polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elis Regina Dalla Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/SES), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada a Saúde (Biosaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Correa-Macedo W, Cambri G, Schurr E. The Interplay of Human and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Genomic Variability. Front Genet 2019; 10:865. [PMID: 31620169 PMCID: PMC6759583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium africanum, has plagued humanity for millennia and remains the deadliest infectious disease in the modern world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. africanum can be subdivided phylogenetically into seven lineages exhibiting a low but significant degree of genomic diversity and preferential geographic distributions. Human genetic variability impacts all stages of TB pathogenesis ranging from susceptibility to infection with Mtb, progression of infection to disease, and the development of distinct clinical subtypes. The genetic study of severe childhood TB identified strong inborn single-gene errors revealing crucial pathways of vulnerability to TB. However, the identification of major TB-susceptibility genes on the population level has remained elusive. In particular, the replication of findings from candidate and genome-wide association studies across distinct human populations has proven difficult, thus hampering the characterization of reliable host molecular markers of susceptibility. Among the possible confounding factors of genetic association studies is Mtb genomic variability, which generally was not taken into account by human genetic studies. In support of this possibility, Mtb lineage was found to be a contributing factor to clinical presentation of TB and epidemiological spread of Mtb in exposed populations. The confluence of pathogen and human host genetic variability to TB pathogenesis led to the consideration of a possible coadaptation of Mtb strains and their human hosts, which should reveal itself in significant interaction effects between Mtb strain and TB-susceptibility/resistance alleles. Here, we present some of the most consistent findings of genetic susceptibility factors in human TB and review studies that point to genome-to-genome interaction between humans and Mtb lineages. The limited results available so far suggest that analyses considering joint human–Mtb genomic variability may provide improved power for the discovery of pathogenic drivers of the ongoing TB epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geison Cambri
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Dallmann-Sauer M, Correa-Macedo W, Schurr E. Human genetics of mycobacterial disease. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:523-538. [PMID: 30116885 PMCID: PMC6132723 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacteria characterized by the presence of mycolic acids within their cell walls. Claiming almost 2 million lives every year, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mycobacterial disease and is caused by infection with M. tuberculosis and, in rare cases, by M. bovis or M. africanum. The second and third most common mycobacterial diseases are leprosy and buruli ulcer (BU), respectively. Both diseases affect the skin and can lead to permanent sequelae and deformities. Leprosy is caused by the uncultivable M. leprae while the etiological agent of BU is the environmental bacterium M. ulcerans. After exposure to these mycobacterial species, a majority of individuals will not progress to clinical disease and, among those who do, inter-individual variability in disease manifestation and outcome can be observed. Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases carries a human genetic component and intense efforts have been applied over the past decades to decipher the exact nature of the genetic factors controlling disease susceptibility. While for BU this search was mostly conducted on the basis of candidate genes association studies, genome-wide approaches have been widely applied for TB and leprosy. In this review, we summarize some of the findings achieved by genome-wide linkage, association and transcriptome analyses in TB disease and leprosy and the recent genetic findings for BU susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dallmann-Sauer
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Fine-mapping analysis of a chromosome 2 region linked to resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Uganda reveals potential regulatory variants. Genes Immun 2018; 20:473-483. [PMID: 30100616 PMCID: PMC6374218 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health burden worldwide, and more effective treatment is sorely needed. Consequently, uncovering causes of resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is of special importance for vaccine design. Resistance to Mtb infection can be defined by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test (PTST-) despite living in close and sustained exposure to an active TB case. While susceptibility to Mtb is, in part, genetically determined, relatively little work has been done to uncover genetic factors underlying resistance to Mtb infection. We examined a region on chromosome 2q previously implicated in our genomewide linkage scan by a targeted, high-density association scan for genetic variants enhancing PTST- in two independent Ugandan TB household cohorts (n = 747 and 471). We found association with SNPs in neighboring genes ZEB2 and GTDC1 (peak meta p = 1.9 × 10-5) supported by both samples. Bioinformatic analysis suggests these variants may affect PTST- by regulating the histone deacetylase (HDAC) pathway, supporting previous results from transcriptomic analyses. An apparent protective effect of PTST- against body-mass wasting suggests a link between resistance to Mtb infection and healthy body composition. Our results provide insight into how humans may escape latent Mtb infection despite heavy exposure.
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10
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Palittapongarnpim P, Ajawatanawong P, Viratyosin W, Smittipat N, Disratthakit A, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Yamada N, Nedsuwan S, Imasanguan W, Kantipong P, Chaiyasirinroje B, Wongyai J, Toyo-Oka L, Phelan J, Parkhill J, Clark TG, Hibberd ML, Ruengchai W, Palittapongarnpim P, Juthayothin T, Tongsima S, Tokunaga K. Evidence for Host-Bacterial Co-evolution via Genome Sequence Analysis of 480 Thai Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 1 Isolates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11597. [PMID: 30072734 PMCID: PMC6072702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis presents a global health challenge. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is divided into several lineages, each with a different geographical distribution. M. tuberculosis lineage 1 (L1) is common in the high-burden areas in East Africa and Southeast Asia. Although the founder effect contributes significantly to the phylogeographic profile, co-evolution between the host and M. tuberculosis may also play a role. Here, we reported the genomic analysis of 480 L1 isolates from patients in northern Thailand. The studied bacterial population was genetically diverse, allowing the identification of a total of 18 sublineages distributed into three major clades. The majority of isolates belonged to L1.1 followed by L1.2.1 and L1.2.2. Comparison of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) phylogenetic tree and the clades defined by spoligotyping revealed some monophyletic clades representing EAI2_MNL, EAI2_NTM and EAI6_BGD1 spoligotypes. Our work demonstrates that ambiguity in spoligotype assignment could be partially resolved if the entire DR region is investigated. Using the information to map L1 diversity across Southeast Asia highlighted differences in the dominant strain-types in each individual country, despite extensive interactions between populations over time. This finding supported the hypothesis that there is co-evolution between the bacteria and the host, and have implications for tuberculosis disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, Thailand.
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Pravech Ajawatanawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasna Viratyosin
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nat Smittipat
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Areeya Disratthakit
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Hideki Yanai
- TB-HIV Research Foundation, Chiangrai, Thailand
- Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association (JATA), Kiyose, Japan
| | - Norio Yamada
- Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Supalert Nedsuwan
- Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chiangrai, Thailand
| | - Worarat Imasanguan
- Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chiangrai, Thailand
| | - Pacharee Kantipong
- Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chiangrai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Licht Toyo-Oka
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jody Phelan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Taane G Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Wuthiwat Ruengchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tada Juthayothin
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phahonyothin Road, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hsieh MH, Ou CY, Hsieh WY, Kao HF, Lee SW, Wang JY, Wu LSH. Functional Analysis of Genetic Variations in Surfactant Protein D in Mycobacterial Infection and Their Association With Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1543. [PMID: 30013576 PMCID: PMC6036787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins (SPs)-A and -D are C-type lectins of the collectin family and function in the clearance of infectious particles in the lungs. Some polymorphisms of SPs that give rise to amino acid changes have been found to affect their function. Several SP-A gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with respiratory infection diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between surfactant proteins D (SP-D) polymorphisms and TB is still unclear. To study the associations between SP-D polymorphisms and TB, the correlations of SP-D polymorphisms with TB were examined in a case-control study, which included 364 patients with TB and 177 control subjects. In addition, we cloned two major SP-D exonic polymorphism C92T (rs721917) and A538G (rs2243639) constructs and used these for in vitro assays. The effects of SP-D polymorphisms on agglutination and other interactions with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) were evaluated. In comparison with SP-D 92C (amino acid residue 16, Threonine), our results showed that SP-D 92T (amino acid residue 16, Methionine) had a lower binding ability to M. bovis BCG, a lower capacity to inhibit phagocytosis, lesser aggregation, poorer survival of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected MH-S cells, and less inhibition of intracellular growth of M. bovis BCG. The case-control association study showed that the 92T homozygous genotype was a risk factor for TB. However, a lesser effect was seen for polymorphism A538G. In conclusion, the results of functional and genetic analyses of SP-D variants consistently showed that the SP-D 92T variant increased susceptibility to TB, which further confirmed the role of SP-D in pulmonary innate immunity against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Kao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Lee
- Chest Medicine, General Taoyuan Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Respiratory Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lawrence S H Wu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Jin HS, Lee SI, Park S. Association between ITGB2Genetic Polymorphisms and Tuberculosis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sang-In Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sangjung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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13
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Souza de Lima D, Nunes VCL, Ogusku MM, Sadahiro A, Pontillo A, Alencar BDC. Polymorphisms in SIGLEC1 contribute to susceptibility to pulmonary active tuberculosis possibly through the modulation of IL-1ß. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:313-317. [PMID: 28964857 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-1/CD169 is a sialoadhesin expressed by macrophages thought to function in cell-to-cell interactions. In the lung, the expression of Siglec-1 is specific for alveolar macrophages and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SIGLEC1 have been recently associated with asthma severity. Taking in account the role of alveolar macrophages in the control of M. tuberculosis and the poor literature about the contribution of SIGLEC1 genetics in M. tuberculosis susceptibility and development of pulmonary active TB, selected SNPs in SIGLEC1 were analysed in a case/control cohort from a TB endemic area of Brazil Amazon. Our findings evidenced for the first time the novel association between SIGLEC1 rs3859664 SNP and active pulmonary TB. Intriguingly, carriers of the polymorphism produced less IL-1ß than non-carriers, suggesting the possible involvement of Siglec-1 signalling pathway with inflammasome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhemerson Souza de Lima
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C L Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Ogusku
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aya Sadahiro
- Laboratório Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Cunha Alencar
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular do Sistema Imune, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Kinnear C, Hoal EG, Schurz H, van Helden PD, Möller M. The role of human host genetics in tuberculosis resistance. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:721-737. [PMID: 28703045 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1354700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem: the latest estimate of new incident cases per year is a staggering 10.4 million. Despite this overwhelming number, the majority of the immunocompetent population can control infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The human genome underlies the immune response and contributes to the outcome of TB infection. Areas covered: Investigations of TB resistance in the general population have closely mirrored those of other infectious diseases and initially involved epidemiological observations. Linkage and association studies, including studies of VDR, SLC11A1 and HLA-DRB1 followed. Genome-wide association studies of common variants, not necessarily sufficient for disease, became possible after technological advancements. Other approaches involved the identification of those individuals with rare disease-causing mutations that strongly predispose to TB, epistasis and the role of ethnicity in disease. Despite these efforts, infection outcome, on an individual basis, cannot yet be predicted. Expert commentary: The early identification of future disease progressors is necessary to stem the TB epidemic. Human genetics may contribute to this endeavour and could in future suggest pathways to target for disease prevention. This will however require concerted efforts to establish large, well-phenotyped cohorts from different ethnicities, improved genomic resources and a better understanding of the human genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Kinnear
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Haiko Schurz
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- a SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
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15
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The genetics of susceptibility to tuberculosis: Progress and challenges. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Areeshi MY, Mandal RK, Dar S, Wahid M, Khan MEA, Panda AK, Jawed A, Haque S. P2X71513 A>C Polymorphism Confers Increased Risk of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Meta-analysis of Case-Control Studies. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:450-458. [PMID: 28217002 PMCID: PMC5267471 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160513104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of A1513C (rs3751143) polymorphism of P2X7 gene with the risk of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been extensively analyzed, but no consensus has been achieved. In this study, a meta-analysis was done to assess this precise association. Online web databases, like PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE were searched for pertinent reports showing association of P2X7 A1513C polymorphism with EPTB risk. To assess the strength of this association, we calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A total of eight reports involving 2237controls and 594 EPTB cases were included in this study. Four genetic models, viz. allele (C vs. A: p=0.011; OR= 1.677, 95% CI = 1.125–2.501), homozygous (CC vs. AA: p = 0.053; OR= 2.362, 95% CI = 0.991–5.632), heterozygous (AC vs. AA: p = 0.003; OR= 1.775, 95% CI = 1.209–2.607) and dominant (CC + AC vs. AA: p = 0.005; OR= 1.890, 95% CI = 1.207–2.962) showed significant associations compared with wild type genotypes. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity was also performed and the results suggested that homozygous and heterozygous genotypes were associated significantly with increased susceptibility of EPTB in Asian population. Similarly, heterozygous and dominant models showed increased EPTB risk in Caucasian population. The present meta-analysis suggests that P2X7 A1513C polymorphism may be an important risk factor for EPTB. Also, our sub-group analysis indicates that P2X7 A1513C polymorphism confers increased EPTB risk among Asians and Caucasians. However, future larger studies are needed to provide more precise conclusion and endorse the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia; The University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi - 110095, India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Md Ekhlaque A Khan
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi-835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi-835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
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17
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Xue Y, Bai X, Hu Z, Zhao Z, Zuo Y, Xia Y, Gao W, Chen F. Association of rs4331426 and rs2057178 with Risk of Tuberculosis: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:255-60. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuefei Bai
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanjun Zuo
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuehong Xia
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Weina Gao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Life Sciences School of Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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Nakauchi A, Wong JH, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Yuliwulandari R, Mabuchi A, Liu X, Mushiroda T, Wattanapokayakit S, Miyagawa T, Keicho N, Tokunaga K. Identification of ITPA on chromosome 20 as a susceptibility gene for young-onset tuberculosis. Hum Genome Var 2016; 3:15067. [PMID: 27081565 PMCID: PMC4760120 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a complex disease, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease progression. A previous genome-wide linkage study in Thailand determined that chromosome 20p13-12.3 may contain risk factors for young-onset disease. The present study aimed to identify novel susceptibility genes for young-onset TB within a 1-Mbp target region adjacent to the top-ranking risk marker in Chr.20p13-12.3. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the region in 13 young patients from multi-case families in Thailand. We then selected the functionally interesting single-nucleotide polymorphisms as candidates for subsequent analyses. The detected candidates rs13830 and rs1127354 in ITPA showed an association with young (<45 years old) TB patients. However, there was no association in old (⩾45 years old) patients. These findings confirm that stratifying patients based on age of TB onset can be important for identifying genetic risk factors for TB susceptibility. In addition, in silico expression quantitative trait loci analyses indicated that ITPA expression was associated with rs13830 genotype. This is the first study to use NGS resequencing to gain insight into host genetic factors associated with TB and to report a significant association for ITPA with host susceptibility in young-onset TB. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness of NGS in identifying susceptibility genes in common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nakauchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Hao Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Medical Genetics Center, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health , Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Yuliwulandari
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Genomic Medicine Research Group, YARSI Research Institute, YARSI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akihiko Mabuchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Research Group for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sukanya Wattanapokayakit
- Medical Genetics Center, Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health , Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Taku Miyagawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Keicho
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA) , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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Miller S, Karaoz U, Brodie E, Dunbar S. Solid and Suspension Microarrays for Microbial Diagnostics. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 42:395-431. [PMID: 38620236 PMCID: PMC7172482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in molecular technologies have provided new platforms that are being increasingly adopted for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Among these, microarray methods are particularly well suited for diagnostics as they allow multiplexing, or the ability to test for multiple targets simultaneously from the same specimen. Microarray technologies commonly used for the detection and identification of microbial targets include solid-state microarrays, electronic microarrays and bead suspension microarrays. Microarray methods have been applied to microbial detection, genotyping and antimicrobial resistance gene detection. Microarrays can offer a panel approach to diagnose specific patient presentations, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, and can discriminate isolates by genotype for tracking epidemiology and outbreak investigations. And, as more information has become available on specific genes and pathways involved in antimicrobial resistance, we are beginning to be able to predict susceptibility patterns based on sequence detection for particular organisms. With further advances in automated microarray processing methods and genotype-phenotype prediction algorithms, these tests will become even more useful as an adjunct or replacement for conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing, allowing for more rapid selection of targeted therapy for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Miller
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ulas Karaoz
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Eoin Brodie
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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20
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Diagnostic value of blood gene expression signatures in active tuberculosis in Thais: a pilot study. Genes Immun 2015; 16:253-60. [PMID: 25764116 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem. Routine laboratory tests or newly developed molecular detection are limited to the quality of sputum sample. Here we selected genes specific to TB by a minimum redundancy-maximum relevancy package using publicly available microarray data and determine level of selected genes in blood collected from a Thai TB cohort of 40 active TB patients, 38 healthy controls and 18 previous TB patients using quantitative real-time PCR. FCGR1A, FCGR1B variant 1, FCGR1B variant 2, APOL1, GBP5, PSTPIP2, STAT1, KCNJ15, MAFB and KAZN had significantly higher expression level in active TB individuals as compared with healthy controls and previous TB cases (P<0.01). A mathematical method was applied to calculate TB predictive score, which contains the level of expression of seven genes and this score can identify active TB cases with 82.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity as compared with conventional culture confirmation. In addition, TB predictive scores in active TB patients were reduced to normal after completion of standard short-course therapy, which was mostly in concordant with the disease outcome. These finding suggested that blood gene expression measurement and TB Sick Score could have potential value in terms of diagnosis of TB and anti-TB treatment monitoring.
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Lee SW, Lin CY, Chuang TY, Huang HH, Kao YH, Wu LSH. SNP rs4331426 in 18q11.2 is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis among female Han Taiwanese. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:436-8. [PMID: 25648838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4331426 located in a gene-poor region on chromosome 18q11.2 has been associated with tuberculosis (TB) by genome-wide association studies in Ghana and Gambia. In this study, we analyzed the SNP rs4331426 for its association with the risk of TB in the Taiwanese population. The SNP rs4331426 was genotyped in a case-control design that included 377 Han Taiwanese (200 TB patients and 177 controls) and was associated with TB (marginally significant p = 0.078). An increasingly significant association was observed after adjusting for sex in the logistic regression analysis (p = 0.029). Furthermore, the G carrier (AG genotype) conferred the risk of TB in females (p = 0.011), but not in males. These findings indicate that the SNP rs4331426 associated with TB in the Han Taiwanese population, especially in females. Further investigations on its role and that of the genomic region surrounding it are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Han Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
During infection,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is exposed to a diverse array of microenvironments in the human host, each with its own unique set of redox conditions. Imbalances in the redox environment of the bacillus or the host environment serve as stimuli, which could regulate virulence. The ability of
M. tuberculosis
to evade the host immune response and cause disease is largely owing to the capacity of the mycobacterium to sense changes in its environment, such as host-generated gases, carbon sources, and pathological conditions, and alter its metabolism and redox balance accordingly for survival. In this article we discuss the redox sensors that are, to date, known to be present in
M. tuberculosis
, such as the Dos dormancy regulon, WhiB family, anti-σ factors, and MosR, in addition to the strategies present in the bacillus to neutralize free radicals, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase-peroxidase, thioredoxins, and methionine sulfoxide reductases, among others.
M. tuberculosis
is peculiar in that it appears to have a hierarchy of redox buffers, namely, mycothiol and ergothioneine. We discuss the current knowledge of their biosynthesis, function, and regulation. Ergothioneine is still an enigma, although it appears to have distinct and overlapping functions with mycothiol, which enable it to protect against a wide range of toxic metabolites and free radicals generated by the host. Developing approaches to quantify the intracellular redox status of the mycobacterium will enable us to determine how the redox balance is altered in response to signals and environments that mimic those encountered in the host.
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Khalilullah SA, Harapan H, Hasan NA, Winardi W, Ichsan I, Mulyadi M. Host genome polymorphisms and tuberculosis infection: What we have to say? EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2013; 63:173-185. [PMID: 26966339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiology studies suggest that host genetic factors play important roles in susceptibility, protection and progression of tuberculosis infection. Here we have reviewed the implications of some genetic polymorphisms in pathways related to tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development. Large case-control studies examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes have been performed in tuberculosis patients in some countries. Polymorphisms in natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-10, vitamin D receptor (VDR), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nucleotide oligomerization binding domain 2 (NOD2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and surfactant proteins A (SP-A) have been reviewed. These genes have been variably associated with tuberculosis infection and there is strong evidence indicating that host genetic factors play critical roles in tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Center, School of Medicine Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nabeeh A Hasan
- Research Affiliate, Centre for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA; Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wira Winardi
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Center, School of Medicine Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Institute of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycosis, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mulyadi Mulyadi
- Pulmonology Department, School of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Wang JJ, Xia X, Tang SD, Wang J, Deng XZ, Zhang Y, Yue M. Meta-analysis on the associations of TLR2 gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility among Asian populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75090. [PMID: 24124467 PMCID: PMC3790778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Publications regarding the associations of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) G2258A and T597C polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between TLR2 G2258A and T597C polymorphisms with PTB susceptibility. METHODS A systematic search was performed for published studies on the relationship between TLR2 polymorphisms and PTB susceptibility. Information was gathered from each eligible study, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS 6 eligible studies, totaling 1301 cases and 1217 controls on G2258A genotypes, and 8 studies, totaling 2175 cases and 2069 controls on T597C genotypes, were included in the analysis. TLR2 2258G allele and 2258GG genotype were found to be associated with decreased PTB susceptibility (A vs. G: OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.22-4.12, P<0.001, GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.49-4.87, P = 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, the 2258G allele and 2258GG genotype also exhibited a protective effect of PTB risk in Asians (A vs. G: OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.91-4.55, P<0.001; GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 2.23-5.78, P<0.001), while no associations were observed in Caucasians. No significant associations between T597C polymorphism and PTB were found in the allele model (C vs. T: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.86-1.04, P = 0.28), co-dominant model (CC vs. TT: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.92-1.40, P = 0.25; CT vs. TT: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.80-1.06, P = 0.28), recessive model (CC vs. TT+TC: OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80-1.16, P = 0.69), or dominant model (TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.76-1.15, P = 0.51). The associations of T597C polymorphism with PTB susceptibility, in the ethnic-specific analyses, were still not significant. CONCLUSION TLR2 2258G allele may provide protective effects against PTB susceptibility, particularly among Asians, whereas TLR2 T597C polymorphism might not be associated with PTB susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Xia
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Shai-Di Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Practice, Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhao Deng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Salem S, Gros P. Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infections: IRF8, A New Kid on the Block. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:45-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Di Pietrantonio T, Schurr E. Host-pathogen specificity in tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 783:33-44. [PMID: 23468102 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The host response to mycobacterial infection including tuberculosis depends on genetically controlled host and bacterial factors and their interaction. A largely unknown aspect of this interaction is whether disease results from an additive and independent effect of host and pathogen or from specific host-pathogen combinations. The preferential association of specific mycobacterial strains with specific ethnic groups provided tentative evidence in favor of host-pathogen specificity in tuberculosis and is consistent with the hypothesis of host-mycobacterial co-adaptation. Substantial evidence for specificity has now been provided by animal models and human case-control association studies. These studies indicate that differences in the host response to infection are at least in part due to specific combinations of host genetic factors and genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the infecting mycobacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause worldwide of human mortality attributable to a single infectious agent. Recent studies targeting candidate genes and "case-control" association have revealed numerous polymorphisms implicated in host susceptibility to TB. Here, we review current progress in the understanding of causative polymorphisms in host innate immune genes associated with TB pathogenesis. We discuss genes encoding several types of proteins: macrophage receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR, CD206), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2, CD14, P2X7, and the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR); soluble C-type lectins, such as surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL); phagocyte cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18; chemokines, such as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and CXCL10; and other important innate immune molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier protein 11A1 (SLC11A1). Polymorphisms in these genes have been variably associated with susceptibility to TB among different populations. This apparent variability is probably accounted for by evolutionary selection pressure as a result of long-term host-pathogen interactions in certain regions or populations and, in part, by lack of proper study design and limited knowledge of molecular and functional effects of the implicated genetic variants. Finally, we discuss genomic technologies that hold promise for resolving questions regarding the evolutionary paths of the human genome, functional effects of polymorphisms, and corollary impacts of adaptation on human health, ultimately leading to novel approaches to controlling TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K. Azad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
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Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Mushiroda T, Promphittayarat W, Wattanapokayakit S, Phromjai J, Yuliwulandari R, Wichukchinda N, Yowang A, Yamada N, Kantipong P, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Sawanpanyalert P, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Tokunaga K. Genome-wide association studies of tuberculosis in Asians identify distinct at-risk locus for young tuberculosis. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:363-7. [PMID: 22551897 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most devastating chronic infectious diseases, but the role of host genetics in disease development after infection in this disease remains unidentified. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in Thais and Japanese were carried out and separately analyzed, attempted replication, then, combined by meta-analysis were not yielding any convincing association evidences; these results suggested that moderate to high effect-size genetic risks are not existed for TB per se. Because of failure in replication attempt of the top 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified form meta-analysis data, we empirically split TB cases into young TB case/control data sets (GWAS-T(young)=137/295 and GWAS-J(young)=60/249) and old TB case/control data sets (GWAS-T(old)=300/295 and GWAS-J(old)=123/685), re-analyzed GWAS based on age-stratified data and replicated the significant findings in two independent replication samples (young TB; Rep-T(young)=155/249, Rep-J(young)=41/462 and old TB; Rep-T(old)=212/187, Rep-J(old)=71/619). GWAS and replication studies conducted in young TB identified at-risk locus in 20q12. Although the locus is located in inter-genic region, the nearest genes (HSPEP1-MAFB) from this locus are promising candidates for TB susceptibility. This locus was also associated with anti-TNF responsiveness, drug with increased susceptibility for TB. Moreover, eight SNPs in an old TB meta-analysis and six SNPs in young TB meta-analysis provided replication evidences but did not survive genome-wide significance.These findings suggest that host genetic risks for TB are affected by age at onset of TB, and this approach may accelerate the identification of the major host factors that affect TB in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Medical Genetics Section, National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
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Pan H, Dai Y, Tang S, Wang J. Polymorphisms of NOD2 and the risk of tuberculosis: a validation study in the Chinese population. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:233-40. [PMID: 22212192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of leprosy reported four specific genetic polymorphisms of NOD2 that were associated with susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae in China. Considering the role of NOD2 in innate immune defence, we performed a study in a Chinese population to determine whether the same SNPs of NOD2 that were associated with disease caused by M. leprae were also associated with disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We performed a frequency-matched case-control study in 1043 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 808 unaffected controls. All subjects were >15 years old and were Han Chinese from Jiangsu Province. We extracted DNA from a blood sample from each study participant. SNPs of rs3135499, rs7194886, rs8057341 and rs9302752 in the NOD2 gene were genotyped using a TaqMan-based allelic discrimination system. Using all possible patients with tuberculosis as cases, no significant association was found between the four specific SNPs and the risk of tuberculosis. In a subgroup analysis restricted to cases with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (sputum culture positive), the variant genotype of rs7194886 was significantly associated with an altered risk of tuberculosis. Compared with the CC genotype, individuals carrying the CT/TT genotype of rs7194886 had an increased risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.05-1.72)]. The association was stronger among tobacco smokers and males. By haplotype analysis, rs9302752C-rs7194886T was associated with an increased risk of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (sputum culture positive) (P = 0.039), but it was not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. In summary, genetic polymorphisms of the SNP rs7194886 in the NOD2 gene, which were discovered in the GWAS of leprosy, might also be associated with the pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Third Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, China
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Kobayashi K, Yuliwulandari R, Yanai H, Naka I, Lien LT, Hang NTL, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Tokunaga K. Association of TLR polymorphisms with development of tuberculosis in Indonesian females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 79:190-7. [PMID: 22211722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many candidate genes have been investigated for a possible association with TB. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to play important roles in human innate immune systems. Polymorphisms in and functions of TLRs have been investigated to identify associations with specific infectious diseases, including TB. Here, we examined whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs and genes in TLR signaling were associated with TB susceptibility in Indonesian and Vietnamese populations. A statistically significant association was observed between TB susceptibility in a classified Indonesian female group and rs352139, an SNP located in the intron of TLR9, using the genotype (P = 2.76E-04) and recessive (AA vs AG+GG, P = 2.48E-04, odds ratio = 1.827, 95% confidence interval = 1.321-2.526) models. Meta-analysis of the Indonesian and Vietnamese populations showed that rs352139 was significantly associated with TB in the recessive model. This finding indicated that a TLR9 polymorphism might have an important role in the susceptibility to M. tuberculosis in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobayashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Newport MJ, Finan C. Genome-wide association studies and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:98-107. [PMID: 21436306 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in genomics and the associated technological, statistical and bioinformatics advances have facilitated the successful implementation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) towards understanding the genetic basis of common diseases. Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global burden of disease and there is robust epidemiological evidence that host genetic factors are important determinants of the outcome of interactions between host and pathogen. Indeed, infectious diseases have exerted profound selective pressure on human evolution. However, the application of GWAS to infectious diseases has been relatively limited compared with non-communicable diseases. Here we review GWAS findings for important infectious diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. We highlight some of the pitfalls recognized more generally for GWAS, as well as issues specific to infection, including the role of the pathogen which also has a genome. We also discuss the challenges encountered when studying African populations which are genetically more ancient and more diverse that other populations and disproportionately bear the main global burden of serious infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Newport
- Infectious Diseases and Global Health at Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK.
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Kobayashi K, Yuliwulandari R, Yanai H, Lien LT, Hang NTL, Hijikata M, Keicho N, Tokunaga K. Association of CD209 polymorphisms with tuberculosis in an Indonesian population. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:741-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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[Genetic susceptibility to infections]. Internist (Berl) 2011; 52:1053-4, 1056-8, 1060. [PMID: 21842176 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-011-2858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of infections is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild illness to rapid progression of disease and death. Twin studies first showed an inheritable component of many infections and epidemiological and genetic studies revealed definite gene loci and polymorphisms for most of the clinically relevant infectious diseases. Reliable genetic markers which represent susceptibility or resistance to infections, prognosis of disease and response to treatment are necessary to define risk populations and to plan therapy regimens. Genetic research can also help in identifying target structures for novel therapy strategies and anitimicrobial agents. In this article the genetic background of important infections is reviewed and examples of successful exploitation of genetic findings and translation into practical medicine are given.
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Abstract
Several candidate gene studies have provided evidence for a role of host genetics in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). However, the results of these studies have been very inconsistent, even within a study population. Here, we review the design of these studies from a genetic epidemiological perspective, illustrating important differences in phenotype definition in both cases and controls, consideration of latent M. tuberculosis infection versus active TB disease, population genetic factors such as population substructure and linkage disequilibrium, polymorphism selection, and potential global differences in M. tuberculosis strain. These considerable differences between studies should be accounted for when examining the current literature. Recommendations are made for future studies to further clarify the host genetics of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health issue in the developing world. Lack of knowledge on the etiological mechanisms of TB hinders the development of effective strategies for the treatment or prevention of TB disease. Human genetic study is an indispensable approach to understand the molecular basis of common diseases. Numerous efforts were made to screen the human genome for TB susceptibility by linkage mapping. A large number of candidate-based association studies of TB were conducted to examine the association of predicted functional DNA variations in candidate genes. Recently, the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on TB was reported. The GWAS is a proof-of-principle evidence that justifies the genetic approach to understand TB. Further hypothesis-free efforts on TB research may renovate the traditional idea of TB genetic susceptibility as none of the candidate genes with important roles in containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection was identified of association with active TB, whereas the TB-associated loci in the GWAS harbors no gene with function in MTB infection.
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Ma MJ, Xie LP, Wu SC, Tang F, Li H, Zhang ZS, Yang H, Chen SL, Liu N, Liu W, Cao WC. Toll-like receptors, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in risk of pulmonary tuberculosis and disease severity. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1005-10. [PMID: 20650298 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines play key roles in innate and adaptive immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the functional genetic variations at position 1805 G/T in TLR1, 2258 A/G in TLR2, -857 C/T, and -863 A/C in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as -819 C/T in interleukin-10 (IL-10) confer susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). We performed a hospital-based case-control study using 543 case patients and 544 controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the TT genotype of -857 C/T in TNF-α gene was significantly associated with lower risk of PTB, in comparison with other genotypes (odds ratios [OR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-0.86, p = 0.001). Conversely, the genetic variants of -863 A/C in TNF-α gene was associated with susceptibility to PTB (OR = 2.42%, 95% CI = 1.28-4.59, p = 0.007) and clinical severity of disease (OR = 3.59%, 95% CI = 1.41-9.11, p = 0.007). Our results indicated that the variants in TNF-α gene were associated with susceptibility to PTB and clinical severity of disease, whereas no significance could be inferred from TLRs and IL-10 genes polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-juan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
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Ridruechai C, Mahasirimongkol S, Phromjai J, Yanai H, Nishida N, Matsushita I, Ohashi J, Yamada N, Moolphate S, Summanapan S, Chuchottaworn C, Manosuthi W, Kantipong P, Kanitvittaya S, Sawanpanyalert P, Keicho N, Khusmith S, Tokunaga K. Association analysis of susceptibility candidate region on chromosome 5q31 for tuberculosis. Genes Immun 2010; 11:416-22. [PMID: 20485362 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 5q31 spans the T helper (Th) 2-related cytokine gene cluster, which is potentially important in Th1/Th2 immune responses. The chromosome 5q23.2-31.3 has been recently identified as a region with suggestive evidence of linkage to tuberculosis in the Asian population. With the aim of fine-mapping a putative tuberculosis susceptibility locus, we investigated a family-based association test between the dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within chromosome 5q31 and tuberculosis in 205 Thai trio families. Of these, 75 SNPs located within candidate genes covering SLC22A4, SLC22A5, IRF1, IL5, RAD50, IL13, IL4, KIF3A and SEPT8 were genotyped using the DigiTag2 assay. Association analysis revealed the most significant association with tuberculosis in haplotypes comprising SNPs rs274559, rs274554 and rs274553 of SLC22A5 gene (P(Global)=2.02 x 10(-6)), which remained significant after multiple testing correction. In addition, two haplotypes within the SLC22A4 and KIF3A region were associated with tuberculosis. Haplotypes of SLC22A5 were significantly associated with the expression levels of RAD50 and IL13. The results show that the variants carried by the haplotypes of SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and KIF3A region potentially contribute to tuberculosis susceptibility among the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ridruechai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Möller M, Hoal EG. Current findings, challenges and novel approaches in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:71-83. [PMID: 20206579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for a human genetic component in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is incontrovertible. Quite apart from studies of rare disease events illustrating the importance of key genes in humans and animals, TB at the population level is also influenced by the genetics of the host. Heritability of disease concordance and immune responses to mycobacterial antigens has been clearly shown, and ranges up to 71%. Linkage studies, designed to identify major susceptibility genes in a disease, have produced a number of candidate loci but few, except for regions on chromosome 5p15, 20p and 20q, have been replicated. The region on 5p15 regulates the intensity of the response to the tuberculin skin test, and another locus on 11p14 appears to control resistance to the bacterium. In addition, numerous genes and pathways have been implicated in candidate gene association studies, with validation of polymorphisms in IFNG, NRAMP1, and NOS2A and equivocal results for IL10, CCL2, DC-SIGN, P2RX7, VDR, TLR2, TLR9 and SP110. Other more recently researched candidate genes such as TNFRSF1B remain to be validated, preferably in meta-analyses. New approaches have provided early evidence for the importance of gene-gene interactions in regulating resistance to disease, and also the prospect that applying host genetics in the field of vaccinomics could lead to a more targeted approach in designing interventions to aid the human immune system in combating mycobacteria. Genome-wide association studies and admixture mapping are approaches that remain to be applied to TB, and it is not clear, as is the case with other complex diseases, how much of the heritability of the TB susceptibility phenotype will be determined by multiple genes of small effect versus rare variants with disproportionately large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 19063, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Möller M, de Wit E, Hoal EG. Past, present and future directions in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3-26. [PMID: 19780822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The historical impression that tuberculosis was an inherited disorder has come full circle and substantial evidence now exists of the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to tuberculosis. This evidence has come from several whole-genome linkage scans, and numerous case-control association studies where the candidate genes were derived from the genome screens, animal models and hypotheses pertaining to the disease pathways. Although many of the associated genes have not been validated in all studies, the list of those that have been is growing, and includes NRAMP1, IFNG, NOS2A, MBL, VDR and some TLR. Certain of these genes have consistently been associated with tuberculosis in diverse populations. The future investigation of susceptibility to tuberculosis is almost certain to include genome-wide association studies, admixture mapping and the search for rare variants and epigenetic mechanisms. The genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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