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N'diaye M, Brauner S, Flytzani S, Kular L, Warnecke A, Adzemovic MZ, Piket E, Min JH, Edwards W, Mela F, Choi HY, Magg V, James T, Linden M, Reichardt HM, Daws MR, van Horssen J, Kockum I, Harris RA, Olsson T, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Jagodic M. C-type lectin receptors Mcl and Mincle control development of multiple sclerosis-like neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:838-852. [PMID: 31725411 PMCID: PMC6994148 DOI: 10.1172/jci125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for responses to infections and tissue damage; however, their role in autoimmunity is less clear. Herein we demonstrate that 2 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mcl and Mincle play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Congenic rats expressing lower levels of Mcl and Mincle on myeloid cells exhibited a drastic reduction in EAE incidence. In vivo silencing of Mcl and Mincle or blockade of their endogenous ligand SAP130 revealed that these receptors’ expression in the central nervous system is crucial for T cell recruitment and reactivation into a pathogenic Th17/GM-CSF phenotype. Consistent with this, we uncovered MCL- and MINCLE-expressing cells in brain lesions of MS patients and we further found an upregulation of the MCL/MINCLE signaling pathway and an increased response following MCL/MINCLE stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients. Together, these data support a role for CLRs in autoimmunity and implicate the MCL/MINCLE pathway as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N'diaye
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin-Hong Min
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Will Edwards
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filia Mela
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoi Ying Choi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Magg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Linden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Daws MR, Nakken B, Lobato-Pascual A, Josien R, Dissen E, Fossum S. Dendritic Cell Activating Receptor 1 (DCAR1) Associates With FcεRIγ and Is Expressed by Myeloid Cell Subsets in the Rat. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1060. [PMID: 31134097 PMCID: PMC6522936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell activating receptor-1 (DCAR1) is a cell-surface receptor encoded by the Antigen Presenting Lectin-like gene Complex (APLEC). We generated a mouse monoclonal antibody against rat DCAR1, and used this to characterize receptor expression and function. Rat DCAR1 was expressed on minor subsets of myeloid cells in lymphoid tissue, but was uniformly expressed at a high level by eosinophils, and at a low level by neutrophils. It was expressed by eosinophils in the peritoneal cavity and the lamina propria of the gut, and by subsets of macrophages or dendritic cells at these sites. Polarization of peritoneal macrophages showed that DCAR1 expression was absent on M1 macrophages, and increased on M2 macrophages. DCAR1 could be expressed as a homodimer and its associated with the activating adaptor protein FcεRIγ. This association allowed efficient phagocytosis of antibody-coated beads. Additionally, cross-linking of DCAR1 on the surface of rat eosinophils lead to production of reactive oxygen species. These data show that DCAR1 is an activating receptor. Its expression on M2 macrophages and eosinophils suggests that it may play a role in the immune response to parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Daws
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Nakken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Lobato-Pascual
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Régis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Erik Dissen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Fossum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Toyonaga K, Torigoe S, Motomura Y, Kamichi T, Hayashi JM, Morita YS, Noguchi N, Chuma Y, Kiyohara H, Matsuo K, Tanaka H, Nakagawa Y, Sakuma T, Ohmuraya M, Yamamoto T, Umemura M, Matsuzaki G, Yoshikai Y, Yano I, Miyamoto T, Yamasaki S. C-Type Lectin Receptor DCAR Recognizes Mycobacterial Phosphatidyl-Inositol Mannosides to Promote a Th1 Response during Infection. Immunity 2016; 45:1245-1257. [PMID: 27887882 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl-inositol mannosides (PIM) are glycolipids unique to mycobacteria and other related bacteria that stimulate host immune responses and are implicated in mycobacteria pathogenicity. Here, we found that the FcRγ-coupled C-type lectin receptor DCAR (dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor; gene symbol Clec4b1) is a direct receptor for PIM. Mycobacteria activated reporter cells expressing DCAR, and delipidation of mycobacteria abolished this activity. Acylated PIMs purified from mycobacteria were identified as ligands for DCAR. DCAR was predominantly expressed in small peritoneal macrophages and monocyte-derived inflammatory cells in lungs and spleen. These cells produced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) upon PIM treatment, and absence of DCAR or FcRγ abrogated MCP-1 production. Upon mycobacterial infection, Clec4b1-deficient mice showed reduced numbers of monocyte-derived inflammatory cells at the infection site, impaired IFNγ production by T cells, and an increased bacterial load. Thus, DCAR is a critical receptor for PIM that functions to promote T cell responses against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyonaga
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Motomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takane Kamichi
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jennifer M Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Naoto Noguchi
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yano
- Japan BCG Laboratory, Kiyose 204-0022, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
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Liu M, Wu X, Liu X, He J, Su Y, Guo J, Li Z. Contribution of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) polymorphisms in susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:808-11. [PMID: 26429306 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) has previously shown an association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Caucasians and Han Chinese. This study was aimed to further investigate whether DCIR polymorphisms are novel susceptibility factors for other autoimmune diseases, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). A total of 1502 patients with SLE, 476 patients with primary SS, and 1278 non-related healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2377422 and rs10840759 were genotyped using TaqMan assay. The differences in allelic and genotypic distribution between two groups were assessed using Pearson chi-square test, and logistic regression adjusting for age and sex, respectively. P-value < 0.025 was considered statistically significant by Bonferroni correction. The SNP rs2377422 confers an increased susceptibility risk to both SLE (allele model: P = 7.65 × 10(-4), OR 1.20; genotype recessive model: P = 0.012, OR 1.29), and primary SS (allele model: P = 3.74 × 10(-4), OR 1.31; genotype dominant model: P = 1.62 × 10(-4), OR 2.02). There is no association between rs10840759 and SLE or primary SS. In conclusion, DCIR SNP rs2377422 is a novel genetic susceptibility factor for both SLE and primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing 100044, China
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Dominguez CA, Carlström KE, Zhang XM, Al Nimer F, Lindblom RPF, Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais A, Piehl F. Variability in C-type lectin receptors regulates neuropathic pain-like behavior after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2014; 10:78. [PMID: 25492810 PMCID: PMC4271486 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain is believed to be influenced in part by inflammatory processes. In this study we examined the effect of variability in the C-type lectin gene cluster (Aplec) on the development of neuropathic pain-like behavior after ligation of the L5 spinal nerve in the inbred DA and the congenic Aplec strains, which carries seven C-type lectin genes originating from the PVG strain. RESULTS While both strains displayed neuropathic pain behavior early after injury, the Aplec strain remained sensitive throughout the whole study period. Analyses of several mRNA transcripts revealed that the expression of Interleukin-1β, Substance P and Cathepsin S were more up-regulated in the dorsal part of the spinal cord of Aplec rats compared to DA, indicating a stronger inflammatory response. This notion was supported by flow cytometric analysis revealing increased infiltration of activated macrophages into the spinal cord. In addition, macrophages from the Aplec strain stimulated in vitro displayed higher expression of inflammatory cytokines compared to DA cells. Finally, we bred a recombinant congenic strain (R11R6) comprising only four of the seven Aplec genes, which displayed similar clinical and immune phenotypes as the Aplec strain. CONCLUSION We here for the first time demonstrate that C-type lectins, a family of innate immune receptors with largely unknown functions in the nervous system, are involved in regulation of inflammation and development of neuropathic pain behavior after nerve injury. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to dissect the underlying mechanisms more in detail as well as any possible relevance for human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Dominguez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, CMM L8:05, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lobato-Pascual A, Saether PC, Fossum S, Dissen E, Daws MR. Mincle, the receptor for mycobacterial cord factor, forms a functional receptor complex with MCL and FcεRI-γ. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3167-74. [PMID: 23921530 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Upon receptor activation, the myeloid C-type lectin receptor Mincle signals via the Syk-CARD9-Bcl10-MALT1 pathway. It does so by recruiting the ITAM-bearing FcεRI-γ. The related receptor macrophage C-type Lectin (MCL) has also been shown to be associated with Syk and to be dependent upon this signaling axis. We have previously shown that MCL co-precipitates with FcεRI-γ, but were unable to show a direct association, suggesting that MCL associates with FcεRI-γ via another molecule. Here, we have used rat primary cells and cell lines to investigate this missing link. A combination of flow cytometric and biochemical analysis showed that Mincle and MCL form heteromers on the cell surface. Furthermore, association with MCL and FcεRI-γ increased Mincle expression and enhanced phagocytosis of Ab-coated beads. The results presented in this paper suggest that the Mincle/MCL/FcεRI-γ complex is the functionally optimal form for these C-type lectin receptors on the surface of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lobato-Pascual
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lindblom RPF, Aeinehband S, Parsa R, Ström M, Al Nimer F, Zhang XM, Dominguez CA, Flytzani S, Diez M, Piehl F. Genetic variability in the rat Aplec C-type lectin gene cluster regulates lymphocyte trafficking and motor neuron survival after traumatic nerve root injury. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:60. [PMID: 23656637 PMCID: PMC3661385 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors are important for initiating and shaping immune responses; however, their role in inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system after traumatic injuries is not known. The antigen-presenting lectin-like receptor gene complex (Aplec) contains a few CLEC genes, which differ genetically among inbred rat strains. It was originally thought to be a region that regulates susceptibility to autoimmune arthritis, autoimmune neuroinflammation and infection. METHODS The inbred rat strains DA and PVG differ substantially in degree of spinal cord motor neuron death following ventral root avulsion (VRA), which is a reproducible model of localized nerve root injury. A large F2 (DAxPVG) intercross was bred and genotyped after which global expressional profiling was performed on spinal cords from F2 rats subjected to VRA. A congenic strain, Aplec, created by transferring a small PVG segment containing only seven genes, all C-type lectins, ontoDA background, was used for further experiments together with the parental strains. RESULTS Global expressional profiling of F2 (DAxPVG) spinal cords after VRA and genome-wide eQTL mapping identified a strong cis-regulated difference in the expression of Clec4a3 (Dcir3), a C-type lectin gene that is a part of the Aplec cluster. Second, we demonstrate significantly improved motor neuron survival and also increased T-cell infiltration into the spinal cord of congenic rats carrying Aplec from PVG on DA background compared to the parental DA strain. In vitro studies demonstrate that the Aplec genes are expressed on microglia and upregulated upon inflammatory stimuli. However, there were no differences in expression of general microglial activation markers between Aplec and parental DA rats, suggesting that the Aplec genes are involved in the signaling events rather than the primary activation of microglia occurring upon nerve root injury. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate that a genetic variation in Aplec occurring among inbred strains regulates both survival of axotomized motor neurons and the degree of lymphocyte infiltration. These results demonstrate a hitherto unknown role for CLECs for intercellular communication that occurs after damage to the nervous system, which is relevant for neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard P F Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Unit for Neuroimmunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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A replication study confirms the association of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) polymorphisms with ACPA - negative RA in a large Asian cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41228. [PMID: 22829930 PMCID: PMC3400585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) has been implicated in development of autoimmune disorders in rodent and DCIR polymorphisms were associated with anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPA)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Swedish Caucasians. This study was undertaken to further investigate whether DCIR polymorphisms are also risk factors for the development of RA in four Asian populations originated from China and Malaysia. Methods We genotyped two DCIR SNPs rs2377422 and rs10840759 in Han Chinese population (1,193 cases, 1,278 controls), to assess their association with RA. Subsequently, rs2377422 was further genotyped in three independent cohorts of Malaysian-Chinese subjects (MY_Chinese, 254 cases, 206 controls), Malay subjects (MY_ Malay, 515 cases, 986 controls), and Malaysian-Indian subjects (MY_Indian, 378 cases, 285 controls), to seek confirmation of association in various ethnic groups. Meta-analysis was preformed to evaluate the contribution of rs2377422 polymorphisms to the development of ACPA-negative RA in distinct ethnic groups. Finally, we carried out association analysis of rs2377422 polymorphisms with DCIR mRNA expression levels. Results DCIR rs2377422 was found to be significantly associated with ACPA -negative RA in Han Chinese (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.27–2.90, P = 0.0020). Meta-analysis confirms DCIR rs2377422 as a risk factor for ACPA-negative RA across distinct ethnic groups (ORoverall = 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.30, P = 0.003). The SNP rs2377422 polymorphism showed significant association with DCIR mRNA expression level, i.e. RA-risk CC genotype exhibit a significant increase in the expression of DCIR (P = 0.0023, Kruskal–Wallis). Conclusions Our data provide evidence for association between DCIR rs2377422 and RA in non-Caucasian populations and confirm the influence of DCIR polymorphisms on RA susceptibility, especially on ACPA-negative RA.
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Abdelmagid N, Bereczky-Veress B, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Bergman P, Luhr KM, Bergström T, Sköldenberg B, Piehl F, Olsson T, Diez M. The calcitonin receptor gene is a candidate for regulation of susceptibility to herpes simplex type 1 neuronal infection leading to encephalitis in rat. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002753. [PMID: 22761571 PMCID: PMC3386237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a fatal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) predominantly caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1. Factors regulating the susceptibility to HSE are still largely unknown. To identify host gene(s) regulating HSE susceptibility we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in an intercross between the susceptible DA and the resistant PVG rat. We found one major quantitative trait locus (QTL), Hse1, on rat chromosome 4 (confidence interval 24.3–31 Mb; LOD score 29.5) governing disease susceptibility. Fine mapping of Hse1 using recombinants, haplotype mapping and sequencing, as well as expression analysis of all genes in the interval identified the calcitonin receptor gene (Calcr) as the main candidate, which also is supported by functional studies. Thus, using unbiased genetic approach variability in Calcr was identified as potentially critical for infection and viral spread to the CNS and subsequent HSE development. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a rare, but severe infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1. We have previously characterized a model for HSE in the inbred DA rat which resembles human HSE. Interestingly the inbred PVG rat is completely resistant to the disease and displays reduced or no uptake of viral particles into the peripheral and central nerve compartments respectively. To identify the gene(s) regulating HSE pathogenesis, we crossed the susceptible DA and the resistant PVG.A rats for two generations and infected 239 rats of the F2 (DAxPVG.A) cohort with HSV-1. A genome-wide linkage scan demonstrated one strong quantitative trait locus (QTL), Hse1, on rat chromosome 4 regulating disease susceptibility. Fine mapping, haplotype mapping, sequencing and expression analysis of the genes in the Hse1 interval collectively support the underlying genetic variation to be located in, or adjacent to the calcitonin receptor gene (Calcr). Further support for a role of CalcR in regulating HSV-1 replication and propagation is provided by strain-dependent differences in the calcitonin receptor protein tissue localization and in functional studies. Using an unbiased genetic mapping approach this study identifies Calcr as a candidate for regulating susceptibility to HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abdelmagid
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Finemapping of the arthritis QTL Pia7 reveals co-localization with Oia2 and the APLEC locus. Genes Immun 2010; 11:239-45. [PMID: 20200546 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to determine the effect of the quantitative trait locus Pia7 on arthritis severity. The regulatory locus derived from the arthritis-resistant E3 rat strain was introgressed into the arthritis-susceptibility DA strain through continuous backcrossing. Congenic rats were studied for their susceptibility to experimental arthritis using pristane and adjuvant oil. In addition, cell number and function of various leukocyte populations were analyzed either under naive or stimulated conditions. We found that the minimal congenic fragment of DA.E3-Pia7 rats overlapped with the minimal fragment in DA.PVG-Oia2 congenic rats, which has been positionally cloned to the antigen-presenting lectin-like receptor complex (APLEC) genes. DA.E3-Pia7 congenic rats were protected from both PIA and OIA, but the protection was more pronounced in OIA. In adoptive transfer experiments we observed that the Pia7 locus controlled the priming of arthritogenic T cells and not the effector phase. In addition, Pia7 congenic rats had a significant higher frequency of B cells and granulocytes as well as TNFalpha production after stimulation, indicating a higher activation state of cells of the innate immune system. In conclusion, this study shows that the APLEC locus is a major locus regulating the severity of experimentally induced arthritis in rats.
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