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Carvalho LML, Jorge AADL, Bertola DR, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C. A Comprehensive Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:313-337. [PMID: 38277088 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Syndromic obesity refers to obesity occurring with additional clinical findings, such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present a narrative review regarding the genetic etiology, clinical description, and molecular diagnosis of syndromic obesity, which is a rare condition with high phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. The following syndromes are presented in this review: Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Alström, Smith-Magenis, Cohen, Temple, 1p36 deletion, 16p11.2 microdeletion, Kleefstra, SIM1-related, Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, WAGRO, Carpenter, MORM, and MYT1L-related syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: There are three main groups of mechanisms for syndromic obesity: imprinting, transcriptional activity regulation, and cellular cilia function. For molecular diagnostic, methods of genome-wide investigation should be prioritized over sequencing of panels of syndromic obesity genes. In addition, we present novel syndromic conditions that need further delineation, but evidences suggest they have a higher frequency of obesity. The etiology of syndromic obesity tends to be linked to disrupted neurodevelopment (central) and is associated with a diversity of genes and biological pathways. In the genetic investigation of individuals with syndromic obesity, the possibility that the etiology of the syndromic condition is independent of obesity should be considered. The accurate genetic diagnosis impacts medical management, treatment, and prognosis, and allows proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machado Lara Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Genetic Endocrinology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (LIM/25), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Genetics Unit of Instituto da Criança, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Boeri S, Scala M, Madia F, Perucco F, Vozzi D, Capra V, Zara F, Nobili L, Mancardi MM. MYT1L variant inherited by a mosaic father in a case of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Epileptic Disord 2023; 25:874-879. [PMID: 37518898 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The MYT1L gene plays a critical role in brain development, promoting the differentiation and proliferation of cells, important for the formation of brain connections. MYT1L is also involved in regulating the development of the hypothalamus, which is a crucial actor in weight regulation. Genetic variants in the MYT1L are associated with a range of developmental disorders, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, facial dysmorphisms, and epilepsy. The specific role of MYT1L in epilepsy remains elusive and no patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) have been described so far. In this study, we report a patient with DEE presenting with severe refractory epilepsy, obesity, and behavioral abnormalities. Exome sequencing led to the identification of the heterozygous variant NM_001303052.2: c.1717G>A, p.(Gly573Arg) (chr2-1910340-C-T; GRCh38.p14) in the MYT1L gene. This variant was found to be inherited by the father, who was a mosaic and did not suffer from any neuropsychiatric disorders. Our observations expand the molecular and phenotype spectrum of MYT1L-related disorders, suggesting that affected individuals may present with severe epileptic phenotype leading to neurocognitive deterioration. Furthermore, we show that mosaic parents may not display the disease phenotype, with relevant implications for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boeri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Epicare Network for Rare Disease, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Perucco
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Epicare Network for Rare Disease, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Vozzi
- Genomics Facility, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Epicare Network for Rare Disease, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Epicare Network for Rare Disease, Genoa, Italy
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Schaukowitch K, Janas JA, Wernig M. Insights and applications of direct neuronal reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102128. [PMID: 37862835 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming converts somatic cells of a defined lineage into induced neuronal cells without going through a pluripotent intermediate. This approach not only provides access to the otherwise largely inaccessible cells of the brain for neuronal disease modeling, but also holds great promise for ultimately enabling neuronal cell replacement without the use of transplantation. To improve efficiency and specificity of direct neuronal reprogramming, much of the current efforts aim to understand the mechanisms that safeguard cell identities and how the reprogramming cells overcome the barriers resisting fate changes. Here, we review recent discoveries into the mechanisms by which the donor cell program is silenced, and new cell identities are established. We also discuss advancements that have been made toward fine-tuning the output of these reprogramming systems to generate specific types of neuronal cells. Finally, we highlight the benefit of using direct neuronal reprogramming to study age-related disorders and the potential of in vivo direct reprogramming in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schaukowitch
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justyna A Janas
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Yip S, Calli K, Qiao Y, Trost B, Scherer SW, Lewis MES. Complex Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Patient with a Novel De Novo Heterozygous MYT1L Variant. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2122. [PMID: 38136944 PMCID: PMC10742566 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of complex neurodevelopmental features seen in many different forms due to variable causes. Highly impactful ASD-susceptibility genes are involved in pathways associated with brain development, chromatin remodeling, and transcription regulation. In this study, we investigate a proband with complex ASD. Whole genome sequencing revealed a novel de novo missense mutation of a highly conserved amino acid residue (NP_001289981.1:p.His516Gln; chr2:1917275; hg38) in the MYT1L neural transcription factor gene. In combination with in silico analysis on gene effect and pathogenicity, we described the proband's phenotype and made comparisons with previously reported cases to explore the spectrum of clinical features in MYT1L single nucleotide variant (SNV) cases. The phenotype-genotype correlation showed a high degree of clinical similarity with previously reported cases of missense variants in MYT1L, indicating MYT1L as the causal gene for the observed phenotype in our proband. The variant was also predicted to be damaging according to multiple in silico pathogenicity predicting tools. This study expands the clinical description of SNVs on the MYT1L gene and provides insight into its contribution to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Yip
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; (S.Y.); (K.C.); (Y.Q.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Kristina Calli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; (S.Y.); (K.C.); (Y.Q.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- Autism Spectrum Interdisciplinary Research (ASPIRE) Program, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Ying Qiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; (S.Y.); (K.C.); (Y.Q.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- Autism Spectrum Interdisciplinary Research (ASPIRE) Program, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Brett Trost
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (B.T.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (B.T.); (S.W.S.)
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - M. E. Suzanne Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada; (S.Y.); (K.C.); (Y.Q.)
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- Autism Spectrum Interdisciplinary Research (ASPIRE) Program, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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5
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Im C, Neupane A, Baedke JL, Delaney A, Dixon SB, Chow EJ, Mostoufi-Moab S, Richard MA, Gramatges MM, Lupo PJ, Sharafeldin N, Bhatia S, Armstrong GT, Hudson MM, Ness KK, Robison LL, Yasui Y, Wilson CL, Sapkota Y. Trans-ancestral genetic study of diabetes mellitus risk in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort and the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.02.23290868. [PMID: 37333357 PMCID: PMC10274964 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.23290868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is an established late effect of treatment for childhood cancer. Leveraging detailed cancer treatment and whole-genome sequencing data among survivors of childhood cancer of European (EUR) and African (AFR) genetic ancestry in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (N=3,676; 304 cases), five novel diabetes mellitus (DM) risk loci were identified with independent trans-/within-ancestry replication, including in 5,965 survivors of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Among these, common risk variants at 5p15.2 ( LINC02112 ), 2p25.3 ( MYT1L ), and 19p12 ( ZNF492 ) modified alkylating agent-related risks across ancestry groups, but AFR survivors with risk alleles experienced disproportionately greater risk of DM (AFR, variant ORs: 3.95-17.81; EUR, variant ORs: 2.37-3.32). Novel risk locus XNDC1N was identified in the first genome-wide DM rare variant burden association analysis in survivors (OR=8.65, 95% CI: 3.02-24.74, P=8.1×10 -6 ). Lastly, a general-population 338-variant multi-ancestry T2D polygenic risk score was informative for DM risk in AFR survivors, and showed elevated DM odds after alkylating agent exposures (quintiles: combined OR EUR =8.43, P=1.1×10 -8 ; OR AFR =13.85, P=0.033). This study supports future precision diabetes surveillance/survivorship care for all childhood cancer survivors, including those with AFR ancestry.
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Weigel B, Tegethoff JF, Grieder SD, Lim B, Nagarajan B, Liu YC, Truberg J, Papageorgiou D, Adrian-Segarra JM, Schmidt LK, Kaspar J, Poisel E, Heinzelmann E, Saraswat M, Christ M, Arnold C, Ibarra IL, Campos J, Krijgsveld J, Monyer H, Zaugg JB, Acuna C, Mall M. MYT1L haploinsufficiency in human neurons and mice causes autism-associated phenotypes that can be reversed by genetic and pharmacologic intervention. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2122-2135. [PMID: 36782060 PMCID: PMC10575775 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
MYT1L is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated transcription factor that is expressed in virtually all neurons throughout life. How MYT1L mutations cause neurological phenotypes and whether they can be targeted remains enigmatic. Here, we examine the effects of MYT1L deficiency in human neurons and mice. Mutant mice exhibit neurodevelopmental delays with thinner cortices, behavioural phenotypes, and gene expression changes that resemble those of ASD patients. MYT1L target genes, including WNT and NOTCH, are activated upon MYT1L depletion and their chemical inhibition can rescue delayed neurogenesis in vitro. MYT1L deficiency also causes upregulation of the main cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A, and neuronal hyperactivity, which could be restored by shRNA-mediated knockdown of SCN5A or MYT1L overexpression in postmitotic neurons. Acute application of the sodium channel blocker, lamotrigine, also rescued electrophysiological defects in vitro and behaviour phenotypes in vivo. Hence, MYT1L mutation causes both developmental and postmitotic neurological defects. However, acute intervention can normalise resulting electrophysiological and behavioural phenotypes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Weigel
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana F Tegethoff
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah D Grieder
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bryce Lim
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bhuvaneswari Nagarajan
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yu-Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jule Truberg
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitris Papageorgiou
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan M Adrian-Segarra
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura K Schmidt
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina Kaspar
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eric Poisel
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisa Heinzelmann
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manu Saraswat
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marleen Christ
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Arnold
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio L Ibarra
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joaquin Campos
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Acuna
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Mall
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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Ramírez V, González-Palacios P, Baca MA, González-Domenech PJ, Fernández-Cabezas M, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Rodrigo L, Rivas A. Effect of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in obesity and neurodevelopment: The genetic and microbiota link. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158219. [PMID: 36007653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence highlights the importance of the genetic component in obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID)), given that these diseases have reported an elevated heritability. Additionally, environmental stressors, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been classified as obesogens, neuroendocrine disruptors, and microbiota disrupting chemicals (MDCs). For this reason, the importance of this work lies in examining two possible biological mechanistic pathways linking obesity and neurodevelopmental/behavioural disorders: EDCs - gene and EDCs - microbiota interactions. First, we summarise the shared mechanisms of action of EDCs and the common genetic profile in the bidirectional link between obesity and neurodevelopment. In relation to interaction models, evidence from the reviewed studies reveals significant interactions between pesticides/heavy metals and gene polymorphisms of detoxifying and neurotransmission systems and metal homeostasis on cognitive development, ASD and ADHD symptomatology. Nonetheless, available literature about obesity is quite limited. Importantly, EDCs have been found to induce gut microbiota changes through gut-brain-microbiota axis conferring susceptibility to obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders. In view of the lack of studies assessing the impact of EDCs - gene interactions and EDCs - mediated dysbiosis jointly in obesity and neurodevelopment, we support considering genetics, EDCs exposure, and microbiota as interactive factors rather than individual contributors to the risk for developing obesity and neurodevelopmental disabilities at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Palacios
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Fernández-Cabezas
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
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8
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Suntharesan J, Apperley L, Senniappan S. 45,X male - rare case of unbalanced translocation of Y chromosome to chromosome 2 presenting with developmental delay, learning difficulty and obesity. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022; 2022:22-0320. [PMID: 36515368 PMCID: PMC9716403 DOI: 10.1530/edm-22-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary A male phenotype accompanied by a 45,X karyotype is rare. It may occur due to Y chromosomal translocation or insertion to X/autosome. Clinical presentation may vary depending on the presence of the Y chromosomal locus and the degree of loss of autosome material. 45,X males can present with short stature and Turner syndrome phenotype due to haploinsufficiency of genes which are normally expressed in both X and Y chromosomes. The presence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene leads to the differentiation of bipotential gonads to testis. Most individuals go through puberty normally, but some may need pubertal induction for delayed puberty. Rarely some can have a pubertal arrest. The risk of gonadoblastoma is minimal in these individuals due to functioning testicular tissue. The azoospermia factor (AZF) region is found on the long arm of the Yq chromosome and is needed for spermatogenesis. In a 45,X male with unbalanced translocation of Y chromosome, spermatogenesis can be affected due to the lack of AZF leading to Sertoli cell-only syndrome. This will have an implication on fertility in adult life. We present a 14-year-old boy with developmental delay, learning difficulties and subtle dysmorphic features who was diagnosed with 45,X,der(2)t(Y:2)(?:p25). Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis revealed translocation of SRY (Yp11.3) to the terminal part of the short arm of chromosome 2 resulting in the deletion of most of the Y chromosome (Yp11.2-q12) and part of chromosome 2(2p25.3). This is the first case where SRY translocation to chromosome 2 presents with the above clinical presentation. Learning points 45,X karyotype is rare in male. It may occur due to SRY translocation or an insertion to X/autosome. SRY gene translocation to chromosome 2 has been not reported in the literature. Clinical presentation can be varied due to degree of loss of chromosomal material. Due to loss of AZF region found on the long arm of the Yq, spermatogenesis can be affected. Loss of 2p25 leads to learning difficulty and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jananie Suntharesan
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Apperley
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Kim S, Oh H, Choi SH, Yoo YE, Noh YW, Cho Y, Im GH, Lee C, Oh Y, Yang E, Kim G, Chung WS, Kim H, Kang H, Bae Y, Kim SG, Kim E. Postnatal age-differential ASD-like transcriptomic, synaptic, and behavioral deficits in Myt1l-mutant mice. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111398. [PMID: 36130507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin transcription factor 1 like (Myt1l), a zinc-finger transcription factor, promotes neuronal differentiation and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. However, it remains unclear whether Myt1l promotes neuronal differentiation in vivo and its deficiency in mice leads to disease-related phenotypes. Here, we report that Myt1l-heterozygous mutant (Myt1l-HT) mice display postnatal age-differential ASD-related phenotypes: newborn Myt1l-HT mice, with strong Myt1l expression, show ASD-like transcriptomic changes involving decreased synaptic gene expression and prefrontal excitatory synaptic transmission and altered righting reflex. Juvenile Myt1l-HT mice, with markedly decreased Myt1l expression, display reverse ASD-like transcriptomes, increased prefrontal excitatory transmission, and largely normal behaviors. Adult Myt1l-HT mice show ASD-like transcriptomes involving astrocytic and microglial gene upregulation, increased prefrontal inhibitory transmission, and behavioral deficits. Therefore, Myt1l haploinsufficiency leads to ASD-related phenotypes in newborn mice, which are temporarily normalized in juveniles but re-appear in adults, pointing to continuing phenotypic changes long after a marked decrease of Myt1l expression in juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongbin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyoseon Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Han Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young Woo Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yisul Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Geun Ho Im
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yusang Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yongchul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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10
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Hu C, He L, Li H, Ding Y, Zhang K, Li D, Zhu G, Wu B, Xu X, Xu Q. Clinical Targeted Panel Sequencing Analysis in Clinical Evaluation of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061010. [PMID: 35741772 PMCID: PMC9222325 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder in which genetics play a major role. Molecular diagnosis may lead to a more accurate prognosis, improved clinical management, and potential treatment of the condition. Both copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide variations (SNVs) have been reported to contribute to the genetic etiology of ASD. The effectiveness and validity of clinical targeted panel sequencing (CTPS) designed to analyze both CNVs and SNVs can be evaluated in different ASD cohorts. CTPS was performed on 573 patients with the diagnosis of ASD. Medical records of positive CTPS cases were further reviewed and analyzed. Additional medical examinations were performed for a group of selective cases. Positive molecular findings were confirmed by orthogonal methods. The overall positive rate was 19.16% (109/569) in our cohort. About 13.89% (79/569) and 4.40% (25/569) of cases had SNVs only and CNVs only findings, respectively, while 0.9% (5/569) of cases had both SNV and CNV findings. For cases with SNVs findings, the SHANK3 gene has the greatest number of reportable variants, followed by gene MYT1L. Patients with MYT1L variants share common and specific clinical characteristics. We found a child with compound heterozygous SLC26A4 variants had an enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome and autistic phenotype. Our results showed that CTPS is an effective molecular diagnostic tool for ASD. Thorough clinical and genetic evaluation of ASD can lead to more accurate diagnosis and better management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Linlin He
- Pediatric Department, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China;
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Yanhua Ding
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Dongyun Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Pediatric Department, Binzhou Peoples’ Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China;
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Clinical Genetic Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China;
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (C.H.); (H.L.); (Y.D.); (K.Z.); (D.L.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wöhr M, Fong WM, Janas JA, Mall M, Thome C, Vangipuram M, Meng L, Südhof TC, Wernig M. Myt1l haploinsufficiency leads to obesity and multifaceted behavioral alterations in mice. Mol Autism 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35538503 PMCID: PMC9087967 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zinc finger domain containing transcription factor Myt1l is tightly associated with neuronal identity and is the only transcription factor known that is both neuron-specific and expressed in all neuronal subtypes. We identified Myt1l as a powerful reprogramming factor that, in combination with the proneural bHLH factor Ascl1, could induce neuronal fate in fibroblasts. Molecularly, we found it to repress many non-neuronal gene programs, explaining its supportive role to induce and safeguard neuronal identity in combination with proneural bHLH transcriptional activators. Moreover, human genetics studies found MYT1L mutations to cause intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder often coupled with obesity. METHODS Here, we generated and characterized Myt1l-deficient mice. A comprehensive, longitudinal behavioral phenotyping approach was applied. RESULTS Myt1l was necessary for survival beyond 24 h but not for overall histological brain organization. Myt1l heterozygous mice became increasingly overweight and exhibited multifaceted behavioral alterations. In mouse pups, Myt1l haploinsufficiency caused mild alterations in early socio-affective communication through ultrasonic vocalizations. In adulthood, Myt1l heterozygous mice displayed hyperactivity due to impaired habituation learning. Motor performance was reduced in Myt1l heterozygous mice despite intact motor learning, possibly due to muscular hypotonia. While anxiety-related behavior was reduced, acoustic startle reactivity was enhanced, in line with higher sensitivity to loud sound. Finally, Myt1l haploinsufficiency had a negative impact on contextual fear memory retrieval, while cued fear memory retrieval appeared to be intact. LIMITATIONS In future studies, additional phenotypes might be identified and a detailed characterization of direct reciprocal social interaction behavior might help to reveal effects of Myt1l haploinsufficiency on social behavior in juvenile and adult mice. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral alterations in Myt1l haploinsufficient mice recapitulate several clinical phenotypes observed in humans carrying heterozygous MYT1L mutations and thus serve as an informative model of the human MYT1L syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wöhr
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wendy M. Fong
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Justyna A. Janas
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Moritz Mall
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Present Address: Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,Present Address: HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Present Address: Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Thome
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Madhuri Vangipuram
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Lingjun Meng
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Departments of Pathology and Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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12
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Tabolacci E, Pomponi MG, Remondini L, Pietrobono R, Orteschi D, Nobile V, Pucci C, Musto E, Pane M, Mercuri EM, Neri G, Genuardi M, Chiurazzi P, Zollino M. Co-Occurrence of Fragile X Syndrome with a Second Genetic Condition: Three Independent Cases of Double Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121909. [PMID: 34946857 PMCID: PMC8701878 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and autism caused by the instability of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in exon 1 of the FMR1 gene. The co-occurrence of FXS with other genetic disorders has only been occasionally reported. Here, we describe three independent cases of FXS co-segregation with three different genetic conditions, consisting of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), PPP2R5D--related neurodevelopmental disorder, and 2p25.3 deletion. The co-occurrence of DMD and FXS has been reported only once in a young boy, while in an independent family two affected boys were described, the elder diagnosed with FXS and the younger with DMD. This represents the second case in which both conditions coexist in a 5-year-old boy, inherited from his heterozygous mother. The next double diagnosis had never been reported before: through exome sequencing, a girl with FXS who was of 7 years of age with macrocephaly and severe psychomotor delay was found to carry a de novo variant in the PPP2R5D gene. Finally, a maternally inherited 2p25.3 deletion associated with a decreased level of the MYT1L transcript, only in the patient, was observed in a 33-year-old FXS male with severe seizures compared to his mother and two sex- and age-matched controls. All of these patients represent very rare instances of genetic conditions with clinical features that can be modified by FXS and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Tabolacci
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maria Grazia Pomponi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
| | - Laura Remondini
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
| | - Roberta Pietrobono
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
| | - Daniela Orteschi
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
| | - Veronica Nobile
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Pucci
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elisa Musto
- Sezione di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.P.); (E.M.M.)
- Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Sezione di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.P.); (E.M.M.)
- Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio M. Mercuri
- Sezione di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (M.P.); (E.M.M.)
- Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
| | - Pietro Chiurazzi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-30154606
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.N.); (C.P.); (G.N.); (M.G.); (M.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.P.); (L.R.); (R.P.); (D.O.)
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13
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Coursimault J, Guerrot AM, Morrow MM, Schramm C, Zamora FM, Shanmugham A, Liu S, Zou F, Bilan F, Le Guyader G, Bruel AL, Denommé-Pichon AS, Faivre L, Tran Mau-Them F, Tessarech M, Colin E, El Chehadeh S, Gérard B, Schaefer E, Cogne B, Isidor B, Nizon M, Doummar D, Valence S, Héron D, Keren B, Mignot C, Coutton C, Devillard F, Alaix AS, Amiel J, Colleaux L, Munnich A, Poirier K, Rio M, Rondeau S, Barcia G, Callewaert B, Dheedene A, Kumps C, Vergult S, Menten B, Chung WK, Hernan R, Larson A, Nori K, Stewart S, Wheless J, Kresge C, Pletcher BA, Caumes R, Smol T, Sigaudy S, Coubes C, Helm M, Smith R, Morrison J, Wheeler PG, Kritzer A, Jouret G, Afenjar A, Deleuze JF, Olaso R, Boland A, Poitou C, Frebourg T, Houdayer C, Saugier-Veber P, Nicolas G, Lecoquierre F. MYT1L-associated neurodevelopmental disorder: description of 40 new cases and literature review of clinical and molecular aspects. Hum Genet 2021; 141:65-80. [PMID: 34748075 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of the myelin transcription factor-1 like (MYT1L) gene include heterozygous missense, truncating variants and 2p25.3 microdeletions and cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM#616,521). Despite enrichment in de novo mutations in several developmental disorders and autism studies, the data on clinical characteristics and genotype-phenotype correlations are scarce, with only 22 patients with single nucleotide pathogenic variants reported. We aimed to further characterize this disorder at both the clinical and molecular levels by gathering a large series of patients with MYT1L-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. We collected genetic information on 40 unreported patients with likely pathogenic/pathogenic MYT1L variants and performed a comprehensive review of published data (total = 62 patients). We confirm that the main phenotypic features of the MYT1L-related disorder are developmental delay with language delay (95%), intellectual disability (ID, 70%), overweight or obesity (58%), behavioral disorders (98%) and epilepsy (23%). We highlight novel clinical characteristics, such as learning disabilities without ID (30%) and feeding difficulties during infancy (18%). We further describe the varied dysmorphic features (67%) and present the changes in weight over time of 27 patients. We show that patients harboring highly clustered missense variants in the 2-3-ZNF domains are not clinically distinguishable from patients with truncating variants. We provide an updated overview of clinical and genetic data of the MYT1L-associated neurodevelopmental disorder, hence improving diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coursimault
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Catherine Schramm
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Bilan
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, BP577, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - Gwenaël Le Guyader
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, BP577, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-Région est, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Estelle Colin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Univ Angers, [CHU Angers], INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, ICAT, 49000, Angers, SFR, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bénédicte Gérard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- Hôpital Trousseau, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Valence
- Hôpital Trousseau, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Hôpital Trousseau Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Hôpital Trousseau Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Hôpital Trousseau Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UMR 5309, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Alaix
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Karine Poirier
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Genetics, IHU Necker-Enfants Malades, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Candy Kumps
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelly Nori
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Stewart
- School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James Wheless
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Christina Kresge
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Beth A Pletcher
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Roseline Caumes
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Clinique de Génétique « Guy Fontaine », EA7364 RADEMEF-59000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, EA7364 RADEMEF-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfant, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Margaret Helm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics. Portland, Maine Medical Center, Maine, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics. Portland, Maine Medical Center, Maine, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Kritzer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume Jouret
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Centre de Référence Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet et Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Service de Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière - AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1245, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France.
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14
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Stuurman KE, van der Mespel-Brouwer MH, Engels MAJ, Elting MW, Bhola SL, Meijers-Heijboer H. Isolated Increased Nuchal Translucency in First Trimester Ultrasound Scan: Diagnostic Yield of Prenatal Microarray and Outcome of Pregnancy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737936. [PMID: 34733861 PMCID: PMC8558347 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased nuchal translucency (NT) is associated with aneuploidy. When the karyotype is normal, fetuses are still at risk for structural anomalies and genetic syndromes. Our study researched the diagnostic yield of prenatal microarray in a cohort of fetuses with isolated increased NT (defined as NT ≥ 3.5 mm) and questioned whether prenatal microarray is a useful tool in determining the adverse outcomes of the pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed, in which 166 women, pregnant with a fetus with isolated increased NT (ranging from 3.5 to 14.3 mm with a mean of 5.4 mm) were offered karyotyping and subsequent prenatal microarray when karyotype was normal. Additionally, all ongoing pregnancies of fetuses with normal karyotype were followed up with regard to postnatal outcome. The follow-up time after birth was maximally 4 years. Results: Totally, 149 of 166 women opted for prenatal testing. Seventy-seven fetuses showed normal karyotype (52%). Totally, 73 of 77 fetuses with normal karyotype did not show additional anomalies on an early first trimester ultrasound. Totally, 40 of 73 fetuses received prenatal microarray of whom 3 fetuses had an abnormal microarray result: two pathogenic findings (2/40) and one incidental carrier finding. In 73 fetuses with an isolated increased NT, 21 pregnancies showed abnormal postnatal outcome (21/73, 28.8%), 29 had a normal outcome (29/73, 40%), and 23 were lost to follow-up (23/73, 31.5%). Seven out of 73 live-born children showed an adverse outcome (9.6%). Conclusions: Prenatal microarray in fetuses with isolated increased NT had a 5% (2/40) increased diagnostic yield compared to conventional karyotyping. Even with a normal microarray, fetuses with an isolated increased NT had a 28.8% risk of either pregnancy loss or an affected child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra E Stuurman
- Department of Human Genetics and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H van der Mespel-Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mariet W Elting
- Department of Human Genetics and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shama L Bhola
- Department of Human Genetics and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Sakaue TA, Obata Y, Fujishima Y, Kozawa J, Otsuki M, Yamamoto T, Maeda N, Nishizawa H, Shimomura I. A Japanese patient with a 2p25.3 terminal deletion presented with early-onset obesity, intellectual disability and diabetes mellitus: A case report. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:391-396. [PMID: 34382350 PMCID: PMC8847130 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2p25.3 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that accompanies various phenotypic features, including early‐onset obesity and intellectual disability. Here, we report the first Japanese case of this deletion associated with severe obesity and diabetes mellitus. Microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified a 3.1‐Mb deletion of distal chromosome band 2p25.3, which was suspected as de novo. The patient also presented bilateral cataracts and adolescent‐onset muscular weakness of the upper limbs, both of which were uncommon in previously reported cases. It is possible that these symptoms are also important clinical features suggestive of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki Sakaue
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Obata
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Fetal Cystic Hygroma Associated with Terminal 2p25.1 Duplication and Terminal 3p25.3 Deletion: Cytogenetic, Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Microarray Familial Characterization of Two Different Chromosomal Structural Rearrangements. Balkan J Med Genet 2021; 23:79-86. [PMID: 33816076 PMCID: PMC8009571 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a prenatally diagnosed case of partial trisomy 2p and partial monosomy 3p, resulting from unbalanced translocation (2;3)(p25.1;p25.3) of paternal origin. Parents were non consanguineous Caucasians, with familial history of recurrent miscarriages on the father’s side. Detailed sonographic examination of the fetus showed a septated cystic hygroma measuring 6 mm at 13 weeks’ gestation. Karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells revealed an unbalanced translocation der(3)t(2;3)(p25.1; p25.3) and apparently balanced inv(3)(p13p25.3) in a fetus. Parental cytogenetic evaluation using karyotyping and FISH analysis showed the presence of both a balanced translocation and a paracentric inversion in father t(2;3) (p25.1;p25.3) inv(3)(p13p25.3). Microarray analysis showed a 11.6 Mb deletion at 3p26.3-p25.3 and duplication of 10.5 Mb at the 2p25.3-p25 region. The duplicated region at 2p25.1p25.3 contains 45 different genes, where 12 are reported as OMIM morbid genes with different phenotypical implications. The deleted region at 3p26.3-p25.3 contains 65 genes, out of which 27 are OMIM genes. Three of these (CNTN4, SETD5 and VHL) were curated by Clingene Dosage Gene Map and were given a high haplo-insufficiency score. Genes affected by the unbalanced translocation could have contributed to some specific phenotypic changes of the fetus in late pregnancy. The application of different cytogenetic methods was essential in our case, allowing the detection of different types of structural chromosomal aberrations and more thorough genetic counseling for future pregnancies.
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17
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A novel MYT1L mutation in a boy with syndromic obesity: Case report and literature review. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:124-132. [PMID: 33622623 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants involving the MYT1L gene lead to an autosomal dominant form of syndromic obesity, characterized by polyphagia, intellectual disability/developmental delay, and behavioral problems, and that a characteristic facial phenotype does not seem to be recognizable. METHODS Trio whole exome sequencing was performed in a 10-year-old Brazilian male presenting polyphagia, severe early-onset obesity, intellectual disability, speech delay, macrocephaly, frontal bossing, telecanthus, strabismus, and hypogenitalism. Additionally, we performed a literature review of patients carrying non-copy number MYT1L variants. RESULTS A de novo genetic variant not previously reported in MYT1L (NM_015025.4:c.2990C>A) was identified in the proband and classified as pathogenic. From a literature search, 22 further patients carrying non-copy number MYT1L variants were identified, evidencing that although the associated phenotype is quite variable, intellectual disability/developmental and speech delays are always present. Further, most patients have obesity or overweight due to polyphagia. Macrocephaly, strabismus, behavioral problems, and hand/feet malformations are also recurrent features. CONCLUSIONS We described the first Brazilian case of MYT1L related syndrome and highlighted clinical characteristics based on the literature. Other syndromic forms of obesity such as Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, MORM, Cohen, Alstrom, and Kleefstra type 1 syndromes should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Further, although obesity is frequent, it is not an obligatory feature of all carriers of MYT1L mutations.
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18
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Sherer DM, Hsieh V, Granderson F, Aroh B, Dalloul M. Mid-trimester fetal facial dysmorphology associated with 2p25.3 microdeletion. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2020; 48:486-488. [PMID: 32447759 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe unusual mid-trimester sonography of subtle fetal facial dysmorphic features including; flattened nasofrontal angle with an almost vertically positioned nasal bone, acute nasolabial angle, and convexity of the maxillary areas in a fetus with otherwise normal anatomy. Microarray identified a 64.5 KB interstitial deletion of 2q25.3, which includes one exon of MYT1L. Mutations and deletions in MTY1L have been associated with autosomal dominant intellectual disability, autistic features, and obesity. Association of these features and 2p25.3 microdeletion has not been reported previously. This case emphasizes the importance of detailed microarray analysis following the sonographic recognition of subtle fetal dysmorphic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sherer
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Vicky Hsieh
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Freeda Granderson
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Blessing Aroh
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- The Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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19
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Goat Genomic Resources: The Search for Genes Associated with Its Economic Traits. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:5940205. [PMID: 32904540 PMCID: PMC7456479 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5940205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat plays a crucial role in human livelihoods, being a major source of meat, milk, fiber, and hides, particularly under adverse climatic conditions. The goat genomics related to the candidate gene approach is now being used to recognize molecular mechanisms that have different expressions of growth, reproductive, milk, wool, and disease resistance. The appropriate literature on this topic has been reviewed in this article. Several genetic characterization attempts of different goats have reported the existence of genotypic and morphological variations between different goat populations. As a result, different whole-genome sequences along with annotated gene sequences, gene function, and other genomic information of different goats are available in different databases. The main objective of this review is to search the genes associated with economic traits in goats. More than 271 candidate genes have been discovered in goats. Candidate genes influence the physiological pathway, metabolism, and expression of phenotypes. These genes have different functions on economically important traits. Some genes have pleiotropic effect for expression of phenotypic traits. Hence, recognizing candidate genes and their mutations that cause variations in gene expression and phenotype of an economic trait can help breeders look for genetic markers for specific economic traits. The availability of reference whole-genome assembly of goats, annotated genes, and transcriptomics makes comparative genomics a useful tool for systemic genetic upgradation. Identification and characterization of trait-associated sequence variations and gene will provide powerful means to give positive influences for future goat breeding program.
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20
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Mansfield P, Constantino JN, Baldridge D. MYT1L: A systematic review of genetic variation encompassing schizophrenia and autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:227-233. [PMID: 32267091 PMCID: PMC7605444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in MYT1L, a gene encoding a transcription factor expressed in the brain, have been associated with autism, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Here we provide an updated review of published reports of neuropsychiatric correlates of loss of function and duplication of MYT1L. Of 27 duplications all were partial; 33% were associated exclusively with schizophrenia, and the chromosomal locations of schizophrenia-associated duplications exhibited a distinct difference in pattern-of-location from those associated with autism and/or intellectual disability. Of 51 published heterozygous loss of function variants, all but one were associated with intellectual disability, autism, or both, and one resulted in no neuropsychiatric diagnosis. There were no reports of schizophrenia associated with loss of function variants of MYT1L (Fisher's exact p < .00001, for contrast with all reported duplications). Although the precise function of the various mutations remains unspecified, these data collectively establish the candidacy of MYT1L as a reciprocal mutation, in which schizophrenia may be engendered by partial duplications, typically involving the 3' end of the gene, while developmental disability-notably autism-is associated with both loss of function and partial duplication. Future research on the specific effects of contrasting mutations in MYT1L may provide insight into the causal origins of autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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21
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Windheuser IC, Becker J, Cremer K, Hundertmark H, Yates LM, Mangold E, Peters S, Degenhardt F, Ludwig KU, Zink AM, Lessel D, Bierhals T, Herget T, Johannsen J, Denecke J, Wohlleber E, Strom TM, Wieczorek D, Bertoli M, Colombo R, Hempel M, Engels H. Nine newly identified individuals refine the phenotype associated with
MYT1L
mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1021-1031. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Hela Hundertmark
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Laura M. Yates
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life, Central Parkway Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Laura M. Yates, Inkosi Albert Letholi Central Hospital and KRISPUniversity of KwaZulu‐Natal, KwaZulu‐Natal South Africa
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Sophia Peters
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain CenterRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Germany
| | - Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain CenterRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander M. Zink
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain CenterRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Germany
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Tatjana Bierhals
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Theresia Herget
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Jessika Johannsen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Eva Wohlleber
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für HumangenetikUniversitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
- Institut für HumangenetikUniversitätsklinikum Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marta Bertoli
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life, Central Parkway Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Faculty of Medicine "Agostino Gemelli"Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy
- Center for the Study of Rare Hereditary DiseasesCeSMER, Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital Milan Italy
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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22
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Wang B, Li D, Yao Y, Heyns M, Kovalchuk A, Ilnytskyy Y, Rodriguez-Juarez R, Bronson RT, Metz GAS, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. The crucial role of DNA-dependent protein kinase and myelin transcription factor 1-like protein in the miR-141 tumor suppressor network. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2876-2892. [PMID: 31522595 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1652033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor. Although miR-141 has been demonstrated to primarily function as a tumor suppressor in numerous malignancies, including glioblastoma, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, it is shown that miR-141 is downregulated in glioblastoma cell lines and tissues and may exert its biological function via directly targeting myelin transcription factor 1-like (MYT1L). Using two glioblastoma cell lines that differ from each other by the functionality of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNAPK), a functional involvement of DNAPK in the miR-141 tumor suppression network was observed. In M059K cells with a normal function of DNAPK, the enforced expression of miR-141 attenuated MYT1L expression and suppressed cell proliferation. Conversely, the inhibition of miR-141 expression promoted cell proliferation; however, in M059J cells with a loss-of-function DNAPK, miR-141 constitutively inhibited cell proliferation upon ectopic overexpression or inhibition. An overexpression of miR-141 suppressed M059J cell migration, while it had no effect on M059K. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of miR-141 induced an S-phase arrest in both cell lines, whereas the inhibition of miR-141 caused a G1 arrest in M059J and accelerated the S phase in M059K. An overexpression and suppression of miR-141 resulted in an aberrant expression of cell-cycle proteins, including p21. Moreover, MYT1L may be a transcription factor of p21 in p53-mutant cells, whereas DNAPK may function as a repressor of MYT1L. The findings revealed the crucial role of DNAPK in miR-141-mediated suppression of gliomagenesis and demonstrated that it may be a target molecule in miR-141-associated therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Youli Yao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , P.R. China.,Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Mieke Heyns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Anna Kovalchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | | | | | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , Canada
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23
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Yue F, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Li L, Li L, Liu R, Wang R. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of partial monosomy 2p and trisomy 16q in a newborn: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1267-1275. [PMID: 31363371 PMCID: PMC6614715 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 16q is a rare disorder with severe abnormalities, which always leads to early postnatal mortality. It usually results from a parental translocation, exhibiting 16q duplication associated with another chromosomal deletion. The present study reports on the clinical presentation and molecular cytogenetic results of a small-for-gestational-age infant, consisting of partial trisomy 16q21→qter and monosomy 2p25.3→pter. The proband presented with moderately low birthweight, small anterior fontanelles, prominent forehead, low hairline, telecanthus, flat nasal bridge, choanal atresia, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, urogenital anomalies, congenital muscular torticollis and congenital laryngomalacia. The last two traits have not previously been reported in any trisomy 16q and monosomy 2p cases. The proband was trisomic for the 16q21→qter chromosomal region with the karyotype 46,XY,der(2)t(2;16)(p25;q21)pat. The chromosomal anomaly was the result of unbalanced segregation of a paternal balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(2;16)(p25;q21). In this case, molecular cytogenetic analysis had a critical role in delineating the proband's clinical phenotype. Although this patient had a 16q21→qter duplication and a 2p25.3→pter deletion, the latter may have had mild phenotypic effects when associated with trisomy 16q. The literature was also reviewed, focusing on cases with the same breakpoints, localizations and clinical features reported in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagui Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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24
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Al Tuwaijri A, Alfadhel M. MYT1L mutation in a patient causes intellectual disability and early onset of obesity: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:409-413. [PMID: 30796847 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity has become one of the greatest health risks worldwide. Recently, there was an explosion of information regarding the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the development of monogenic and syndromic obesity. Case presentation Over the last decade, terminal and interstitial submicroscopic deletions of copy number variants (CNVs) in 2p25.3 and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in myelin transcription factor 1 like (MYT1L) were detected by genome-wide array analysis and whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients with a nonspecific clinical phenotype that commonly includes intellectual disability (ID), early onset of obesity and speech delay. Here, we report the first Saudi female patient with mild to moderate ID, early onset of obesity and speech delay associated with a de novo pathogenic SNV in the MYT1L gene (c. 1585G>A [Gly529Arg]), which causes an amino acid change from Gly to Arg at position 529 that leads to mental retardation, autosomal dominant 39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Tuwaijri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Associate Professor at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Head of Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Colasante G, Rubio A, Massimino L, Broccoli V. Direct Neuronal Reprogramming Reveals Unknown Functions for Known Transcription Factors. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:283. [PMID: 30971887 PMCID: PMC6445133 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the need to derive sources of specialized cell types to be employed for cell replacement therapies and modeling studies has triggered a fast acceleration of novel cell reprogramming methods. In particular, in neuroscience, a number of protocols for the efficient differentiation of somatic or pluripotent stem cells have been established to obtain a renewable source of different neuronal cell types. Alternatively, several neuronal populations have been generated through direct reprogramming/transdifferentiation, which concerns the conversion of fully differentiated somatic cells into induced neurons. This is achieved through the forced expression of selected transcription factors (TFs) in the donor cell population. The reprogramming cocktail is chosen after an accurate screening process involving lists of TFs enriched into desired cell lineages. In some instances, this type of studies has revealed the crucial role of TFs whose function in the differentiation of a given specific cell type had been neglected or underestimated. Herein, we will speculate on how the in vitro studies have served to better understand physiological mechanisms of neuronal development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Colasante
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alicia Rubio
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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26
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Corbett MA, van Eyk CL, Webber DL, Bent SJ, Newman M, Harper K, Berry JG, Azmanov DN, Woodward KJ, Gardner AE, Slee J, Pérez-Jurado LA, MacLennan AH, Gecz J. Pathogenic copy number variants that affect gene expression contribute to genomic burden in cerebral palsy. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:33. [PMID: 30564460 PMCID: PMC6294788 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent movement disorder of childhood affecting 1 in 500 live births in developed countries. We previously identified likely pathogenic de novo or inherited single nucleotide variants (SNV) in 14% (14/98) of trios by exome sequencing and a further 5% (9/182) from evidence of outlier gene expression using RNA sequencing. Here, we detected copy number variants (CNV) from exomes of 186 unrelated individuals with CP (including our original 98 trios) using the CoNIFER algorithm. CNV were validated with Illumina 850 K SNP arrays and compared with RNA-Seq outlier gene expression analysis from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Gene expression was highly correlated with gene dosage effect. We resolved an additional 3.7% (7/186) of this cohort with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNV while a further 7.7% (14/186) had CNV of uncertain significance. We identified recurrent genomic rearrangements previously associated with CP due to 2p25.3 deletion, 22q11.2 deletions and duplications and Xp monosomy. We also discovered a deletion of a single gene, PDCD6IP, and performed additional zebrafish model studies to support its single allele loss in CP aetiology. Combined SNV and CNV analysis revealed pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 22.7% of unselected individuals with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Corbett
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Clare L. van Eyk
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Dani L. Webber
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Stephen J. Bent
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Morgan Newman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Kelly Harper
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Jesia G. Berry
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Dimitar N. Azmanov
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, PathWest, Nedlands, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Karen J. Woodward
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, PathWest, Nedlands, WA 6009 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Alison E. Gardner
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Jennie Slee
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA 6008 Australia
| | - Luís A. Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 08003 Spain
- SA Clinical Genetics, Women’s and Children’s Hospital & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Alastair H. MacLennan
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
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27
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Zhang B, Chang L, Lan X, Asif N, Guan F, Fu D, Li B, Yan C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Huang Y, Chen H, Yu J, Li S. Genome-wide definition of selective sweeps reveals molecular evidence of trait-driven domestication among elite goat (Capra species) breeds for the production of dairy, cashmere, and meat. Gigascience 2018; 7:5079660. [PMID: 30165633 PMCID: PMC6287099 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The domestication of wild goats and subsequent intensive trait-driven crossing, inbreeding, and selection have led to dramatic phenotypic purification and intermediate breeds for the high-quality production of dairy, cashmere wool, and meat. Genomic resequencing provides a powerful means for the direct identification of trait-associated sequence variations that underlie molecular mechanisms of domestication. Results Here, we report our effort to define such variations based on data from domestic goat breeds (Capra aegagrus hircus; five each) selected for dairy, cashmere, and meat production in reference to their wild ancestors, the Sindh ibex (Capra aegagrus blythi; two) and the Markhor (Capra falconeri; two). Using ∼24 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ∼1.9 million insertions/deletions, and 2,317 copy number variations, we define SNP-desert-associated genes (SAGs), domestic-associated genes (DAGs), and trait-associated genes (TAGs) and attempt to associate them with quantitative trait loci (QTL), domestication, and agronomic traits. A greater majority of SAGs shared by all domestic breeds are classified into Gene Ontology categories of metabolism and cell cycle. DAGs, together with some SAGs, are most relevant to behavior, immunity, and trait specificity. Whereas, TAGs such as growth differentiation factor 5 and fibroblast growth factor 5 for bone and hair growth, respectively, appear to be directly involved in growth regulation. Conclusions When investigating the divergence of Capra populations, the sequence variations and candidate function-associated genes we have identified provide valuable molecular markers for trait-driven genetic mapping and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Chang
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadeem Asif
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fanglin Guan
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongke Fu
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Li
- College of Medicine & Forensic, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
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28
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Loid P, Mäkitie R, Costantini A, Viljakainen H, Pekkinen M, Mäkitie O. A novel MYT1L mutation in a patient with severe early-onset obesity and intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1972-1975. [PMID: 30055078 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background of severe early-onset obesity is still incompletely understood. Deletions at 2p25.3 associate with early-onset obesity and variable intellectual disability. Myelin-transcriptor-factor-1-like (MYT1L) gene in this locus has been proposed a candidate gene for obesity. We report on a 13-year-old boy presenting with overweight already at 1 year of age (body mass index [BMI] Z-score +2.3) and obesity at 2 years of age (BMI Z-score +3.8). The patient had hyperphagia and delayed neurological, cognitive and motor development. He also had speech delay, strabismus, hyperactivity and intellectual disability. Brain MRI was normal. The parents and sister had normal BMI. Whole-genome sequencing identified in the index patient a novel de novo frameshift deletion that introduces a premature termination of translation NM_015025.2(MYT1L): c.2215_2224delACGCGCTGCC, p.(Thr739Alafs*7) in MYT1L. The frameshift variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Our finding supports the association of MYT1L mutations with early-onset syndromic obesity. The identification of novel monogenic forms of childhood-onset obesity will provide insights to the involved genetic and biologic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Loid
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Alaraudanjoki VK, Koivisto S, Pesonen P, Männikkö M, Leinonen J, Tjäderhane L, Laitala ML, Lussi A, Anttonen VAM. Genome-Wide Association Study of Erosive Tooth Wear in a Finnish Cohort. Caries Res 2018; 53:49-59. [PMID: 29898447 DOI: 10.1159/000488208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosive tooth wear is defined as irreversible loss of dental tissues due to intrinsic or extrinsic acids, exacerbated by mechanical forces. Recent studies have suggested a higher prevalence of erosive tooth wear in males, as well as a genetic contribution to susceptibility to erosive tooth wear. Our aim was to examine erosive tooth wear by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 1,962). Erosive tooth wear was assessed clinically using the basic erosive wear examination. A GWAS was performed for the whole sample as well as separately for males and females. We identified one genome-wide significant signal (rs11681214) in the GWAS of the whole sample near the genes PXDN and MYT1L. When the sample was stratified by sex, the strongest genome-wide significant signals were observed in or near the genes FGFR1, C8orf86, CDH4, SCD5, F2R, and ING1. Additionally, multiple suggestive association signals were detected in all GWASs performed. Many of the signals were in or near the genes putatively related to oral environment or tooth development, and some were near the regions considered to be associated with dental caries, such as 2p24, 4q21, and 13q33. Replications of these associations in other samples, as well as experimental studies to determine the biological functions of associated genetic variants, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salla Koivisto
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Leinonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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D’Angelo CS, Varela MC, de Castro CIE, Otto PA, Perez ABA, Lourenço CM, Kim CA, Bertola DR, Kok F, Garcia-Alonso L, Koiffmann CP. Chromosomal microarray analysis in the genetic evaluation of 279 patients with syndromic obesity. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29441128 PMCID: PMC5800070 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic obesity is an umbrella term used to describe cases where obesity occurs with additional phenotypes. It often arises as part of a distinct genetic syndrome with Prader-Willi syndrome being a classical example. These rare forms of obesity provide a unique source for identifying obesity-related genetic changes. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has allowed the characterization of new genetic forms of syndromic obesity, which are due to copy number variants (CNVs); however, CMA in large cohorts requires more study. The aim of this study was to characterize the CNVs detected by CMA in 279 patients with a syndromic obesity phenotype. RESULTS Pathogenic CNVs were detected in 61 patients (22%) and, among them, 35 had overlapping/recurrent CNVs. Genomic imbalance disorders known to cause syndromic obesity were found in 8.2% of cases, most commonly deletions of 1p36, 2q37 and 17p11.2 (5.4%), and we also detected deletions at 1p21.3, 2p25.3, 6q16, 9q34, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, as well as an unbalanced translocation resulting in duplication of the GNB3 gene responsible for a syndromic for of childhood obesity. Deletions of 9p terminal and 22q11.2 proximal/distal were found in 1% and 3% of cases, respectively. They thus emerge as being new putative obesity-susceptibility loci. We found additional CNVs in our study that overlapped with CNVs previously reported in cases of syndromic obesity, including a new case of 13q34 deletion (CHAMP1), bringing to 7 the number of patients in whom such defects have been described in association with obesity. Our findings implicate many genes previously associated with obesity (e.g. PTBP2, TMEM18, MYT1L, POU3F2, SIM1, SH2B1), and also identified other potentially relevant candidates including TAS1R3, ALOX5AP, and GAS6. CONCLUSION Understanding the genetics of obesity has proven difficult, and considerable insight has been obtained from the study of genomic disorders with obesity associated as part of the phenotype. In our study, CNVs known to be causal for syndromic obesity were detected in 8.2% of patients, but we provide evidence for a genetic basis of obesity in as many as 14% of cases. Overall, our results underscore the genetic heterogeneity in syndromic forms of obesity, which imposes a substantial challenge for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sustek D’Angelo
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Monica Castro Varela
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Claudia Irene Emílio de Castro
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Alvarez Perez
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Neurogenetics Unit, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMRP-USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Children’s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Genetic Unit, Children’s Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Kok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Luis Garcia-Alonso
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Celia Priszkulnik Koiffmann
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center (HUG-CELL), Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao no 277, Cidade Universitaria-Butanta, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090 Brazil
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Disruptive Behavior, Global Developmental Delay, and Obesity in a 5-Year-Old Boy with a Chromosome Microduplication. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:81-84. [PMID: 29293472 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ryan is a 5-year-old boy who was seen in a Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics clinic for disruptive behavior and developmental delay. His medical history was notable for a tethered spinal cord repaired at age 4 months, alternating exotropia with multiple surgeries, and obesity (body mass index at 99%). Ryan's development was globally delayed. He sat at age 10 months and walked at 24 months. An Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Toddler module (ADOS-T) was completed at age 19 months and demonstrated little-to-no concern for autism spectrum disorder.Ryan's parents described behavioral challenges including hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression toward him self and others, severe tantrums, a short attention span, and difficulty sleeping. They also endorsed repetitive behaviors including head rocking, walking in circles, and perseverative speech. Expressive language was significantly limited. There was no family history of autism or intellectual disability.Ryan's physical examination was notable for alternating exotropia, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, and obesity. His speech was limited to 1-word utterances. Neurological and general examinations were normal.He was referred for repeat psychological testing at age 5 years. The ADOS-2 (Module 2) was consistent with a classification of autism with a high level of autism-related symptoms. A fragile X test was negative, and microarray demonstrated a microduplication in the region of 2p25.3 including the myelin transcription factor 1-like gene.
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A genotype-first approach identifies an intellectual disability-overweight syndrome caused by PHIP haploinsufficiency. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 26:54-63. [PMID: 29209020 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-first combined with reverse phenotyping has shown to be a powerful tool in human genetics, especially in the era of next generation sequencing. This combines the identification of individuals with mutations in the same gene and linking these to consistent (endo)phenotypes to establish disease causality. We have performed a MIP (molecular inversion probe)-based targeted re-sequencing study in 3,275 individuals with intellectual disability (ID) to facilitate a genotype-first approach for 24 genes previously implicated in ID.Combining our data with data from a publicly available database, we confirmed 11 of these 24 genes to be relevant for ID. Amongst these, PHIP was shown to have an enrichment of disruptive mutations in the individuals with ID (5 out of 3,275). Through international collaboration, we identified a total of 23 individuals with PHIP mutations and elucidated the associated phenotype. Remarkably, all 23 individuals had developmental delay/ID and the majority were overweight or obese. Other features comprised behavioral problems (hyperactivity, aggression, features of autism and/or mood disorder) and dysmorphisms (full eyebrows and/or synophrys, upturned nose, large ears and tapering fingers). Interestingly, PHIP encodes two protein-isoforms, PHIP/DCAF14 and NDRP, each involved in neurodevelopmental processes, including E3 ubiquitination and neuronal differentiation. Detailed genotype-phenotype analysis points towards haploinsufficiency of PHIP/DCAF14, and not NDRP, as the underlying cause of the phenotype.Thus, we demonstrated the use of large scale re-sequencing by MIPs, followed by reverse phenotyping, as a constructive approach to verify candidate disease genes and identify novel syndromes, highlighted by PHIP haploinsufficiency causing an ID-overweight syndrome.
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Kepa A, Martinez Medina L, Erk S, Srivastava DP, Fernandes A, Toro R, Lévi S, Ruggeri B, Fernandes C, Degenhardt F, Witt SH, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Poncer JC, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Müller CP, Heinz A, Walter H, Schumann G, Desrivières S. Associations of the Intellectual Disability Gene MYT1L with Helix-Loop-Helix Gene Expression, Hippocampus Volume and Hippocampus Activation During Memory Retrieval. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2516-2526. [PMID: 28470180 PMCID: PMC5549840 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental role of the brain-specific myelin transcription factor 1-like (MYT1L) gene in cases of intellectual disability and in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders is increasingly recognized. Yet, its function remains under-investigated. Here, we identify a network of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulators controlled by MYT1L, as indicated by our analyses in human neural stem cells and in the human brain. Using cell-based knockdown approaches and microarray analyses we found that (1) MYT1L is required for neuronal differentiation and identified ID1, a HLH inhibitor of premature neurogenesis, as a target. (2) Although MYT1L prevented expression of ID1, it induced expression of a large number of terminal differentiation genes. (3) Consistently, expression of MYT1L in the human brain coincided with neuronal maturation and inversely correlated with that of ID1 and ID3 throughout the lifespan. (4) Genetic polymorphisms that reduced expression of MYT1L in the hippocampus resulted in increased expression of ID1 and ID3, decreased levels of the proneural basic HLH (bHLH) transcriptional regulators TCF4 and NEUROD6 and decreased expression of genes involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic transmission, cancer and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, our neuroimaging analyses indicated that MYT1L expression associated with hippocampal volume and activation during episodic memory recall, as measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals. Overall, our findings suggest that MYT1L influences memory-related processes by controlling a neuronal proliferation/differentiation switch of ID-bHLH factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kepa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lourdes Martinez Medina
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alinda Fernandes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,CNRS URA 2182, Genes, synapses and cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Lévi
- INSERM UMR-S 839, Paris, France,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France,Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Ruggeri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Poncer
- INSERM UMR-S 839, Paris, France,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France,Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, INSERM CEAUnit1000, ‘‘Imaging & Psychiatry’’, IFR49, CEA, DSV, IBM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France,University Paris Sud, Orsay, France,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, INSERM CEAUnit1000, ‘‘Imaging & Psychiatry’’, IFR49, CEA, DSV, IBM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France,University Paris Sud, Orsay, France,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK, Tel: +44(0)20 7848 0528, Fax: +44(0)20 7848 0866, E-mail:
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MYT1L mutations cause intellectual disability and variable obesity by dysregulating gene expression and development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006957. [PMID: 28859103 PMCID: PMC5597252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions at chromosome 2p25.3 are associated with a syndrome consisting of intellectual disability and obesity. The smallest region of overlap for deletions at 2p25.3 contains PXDN and MYT1L. MYT1L is expressed only within the brain in humans. We hypothesized that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in MYT1L would cause a phenotype resembling deletion at 2p25.3. To examine this we sought MYT1L SNVs in exome sequencing data from 4, 296 parent-child trios. Further variants were identified through a genematcher-facilitated collaboration. We report 9 patients with MYT1L SNVs (4 loss of function and 5 missense). The phenotype of SNV carriers overlapped with that of 2p25.3 deletion carriers. To identify the transcriptomic consequences of MYT1L loss of function we used CRISPR-Cas9 to create a knockout cell line. Gene Ontology analysis in knockout cells demonstrated altered expression of genes that regulate gene expression and that are localized to the nucleus. These differentially expressed genes were enriched for OMIM disease ontology terms "mental retardation". To study the developmental effects of MYT1L loss of function we created a zebrafish knockdown using morpholinos. Knockdown zebrafish manifested loss of oxytocin expression in the preoptic neuroendocrine area. This study demonstrates that MYT1L variants are associated with syndromic obesity in humans. The mechanism is related to dysregulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes and altered development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus.
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Vlaskamp DRM, Callenbach PMC, Rump P, Giannini LAA, Dijkhuizen T, Brouwer OF, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. Copy number variation in a hospital-based cohort of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2017; 2:244-254. [PMID: 29588953 PMCID: PMC5719854 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield of microarray analysis in a hospital‐based cohort of children with seizures and to identify novel candidate genes and susceptibility loci for epilepsy. Methods Of all children who presented with their first seizure in the University Medical Center Groningen (January 2000 through May 2013) (n = 1,368), we included 226 (17%) children who underwent microarray analysis before June 2014. All 226 children had a definite diagnosis of epilepsy. All their copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosomes 1–22 and X that contain protein‐coding genes and have a prevalence of <1% in healthy controls were evaluated for their pathogenicity. Results Children selected for microarray analysis more often had developmental problems (82% vs. 25%, p < 0.001), facial dysmorphisms (49% vs. 8%, p < 0.001), or behavioral problems (41% vs. 13%, p < 0.001) than children who were not selected. We found known clinically relevant CNVs for epilepsy in 24 of the 226 children (11%). Seventeen of these 24 children had been diagnosed with symptomatic focal epilepsy not otherwise specified (71%) and five with West syndrome (21%). Of these 24 children, many had developmental problems (100%), behavioral problems (54%) or facial dysmorphisms (46%). We further identified five novel CNVs comprising four potential candidate genes for epilepsy: MYT1L, UNC5D, SCN4B, and NRXN3. Significance The 11% yield in our hospital‐based cohort underscores the importance of microarray analysis in diagnostic evaluation of children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique R M Vlaskamp
- Departments of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Petra M C Callenbach
- Departments of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Lucia A A Giannini
- Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Dijkhuizen
- Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Oebele F Brouwer
- Departments of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
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Mall M, Kareta MS, Chanda S, Ahlenius H, Perotti N, Zhou B, Grieder SD, Ge X, Drake S, Euong Ang C, Walker BM, Vierbuchen T, Fuentes DR, Brennecke P, Nitta KR, Jolma A, Steinmetz LM, Taipale J, Südhof TC, Wernig M. Myt1l safeguards neuronal identity by actively repressing many non-neuronal fates. Nature 2017; 544:245-249. [PMID: 28379941 DOI: 10.1038/nature21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal differentiation and induced reprogramming require the activation of target cell programs and silencing of donor cell programs. In reprogramming, the same factors are often used to reprogram many different donor cell types. As most developmental repressors, such as RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and Groucho (also known as TLE), are considered lineage-specific repressors, it remains unclear how identical combinations of transcription factors can silence so many different donor programs. Distinct lineage repressors would have to be induced in different donor cell types. Here, by studying the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts to neurons, we found that the pan neuron-specific transcription factor Myt1-like (Myt1l) exerts its pro-neuronal function by direct repression of many different somatic lineage programs except the neuronal program. The repressive function of Myt1l is mediated via recruitment of a complex containing Sin3b by binding to a previously uncharacterized N-terminal domain. In agreement with its repressive function, the genomic binding sites of Myt1l are similar in neurons and fibroblasts and are preferentially in an open chromatin configuration. The Notch signalling pathway is repressed by Myt1l through silencing of several members, including Hes1. Acute knockdown of Myt1l in the developing mouse brain mimicked a Notch gain-of-function phenotype, suggesting that Myt1l allows newborn neurons to escape Notch activation during normal development. Depletion of Myt1l in primary postmitotic neurons de-repressed non-neuronal programs and impaired neuronal gene expression and function, indicating that many somatic lineage programs are actively and persistently repressed by Myt1l to maintain neuronal identity. It is now tempting to speculate that similar 'many-but-one' lineage repressors exist for other cell fates; such repressors, in combination with lineage-specific activators, would be prime candidates for use in reprogramming additional cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mall
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Kareta
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Soham Chanda
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Perotti
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sarah D Grieder
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xuecai Ge
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sienna Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cheen Euong Ang
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brandon M Walker
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Vierbuchen
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel R Fuentes
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip Brennecke
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kazuhiro R Nitta
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arttu Jolma
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Genome Scale Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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D'haene E, Jacobs EZ, Volders PJ, De Meyer T, Menten B, Vergult S. Identification of long non-coding RNAs involved in neuronal development and intellectual disability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28396. [PMID: 27319317 PMCID: PMC4913242 DOI: 10.1038/srep28396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of causal mutations in 16–31% of patients with intellectual disability (ID), leaving the underlying cause for many patients unidentified. In this context, the noncoding part of the human genome remains largely unexplored. For many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) a crucial role in neurodevelopment and hence the human brain is anticipated. Here we aimed at identifying lncRNAs associated with neuronal development and ID. Therefore, we applied an integrated genomics approach, harnessing several public epigenetic datasets. We found that the presence of neuron-specific H3K4me3 confers the highest specificity for genes involved in neurodevelopment and ID. Based on the presence of this feature and GWAS hits for CNS disorders, we identified 53 candidate lncRNA genes. Extensive expression profiling on human brain samples and other tissues, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicates that at least 24 of these lncRNAs are indeed implicated in processes such as synaptic transmission, nervous system development and neurogenesis. The bidirectional or antisense overlapping orientation relative to multiple coding genes involved in neuronal processes supports these results. In conclusion, we identified several lncRNA genes putatively involved in neurodevelopment and CNS disorders, providing a resource for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D'haene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Z Jacobs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Volders
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Dept. of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Do C, Lang C, Lin J, Darbary H, Krupska I, Gaba A, Petukhova L, Vonsattel JP, Gallagher M, Goland R, Clynes R, Dwork A, Kral J, Monk C, Christiano A, Tycko B. Mechanisms and Disease Associations of Haplotype-Dependent Allele-Specific DNA Methylation. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:934-955. [PMID: 27153397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplotype-dependent allele-specific methylation (hap-ASM) can impact disease susceptibility, but maps of this phenomenon using stringent criteria in disease-relevant tissues remain sparse. Here we apply array-based and Methyl-Seq approaches to multiple human tissues and cell types, including brain, purified neurons and glia, T lymphocytes, and placenta, and identify 795 hap-ASM differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 3,082 strong methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), most not previously reported. More than half of these DMRs have cell type-restricted ASM, and among them are 188 hap-ASM DMRs and 933 mQTLs located near GWAS signals for immune and neurological disorders. Targeted bis-seq confirmed hap-ASM in 12/13 loci tested, including CCDC155, CD69, FRMD1, IRF1, KBTBD11, and S100A(∗)-ILF2, associated with immune phenotypes, MYT1L, PTPRN2, CMTM8 and CELF2, associated with neurological disorders, NGFR and HLA-DRB6, associated with both immunological and brain disorders, and ZFP57, a trans-acting regulator of genomic imprinting. Polymorphic CTCF and transcription factor (TF) binding sites were over-represented among hap-ASM DMRs and mQTLs, and analysis of the human data, supplemented by cross-species comparisons to macaques, indicated that CTCF and TF binding likelihood predicts the strength and direction of the allelic methylation asymmetry. These results show that hap-ASM is highly tissue specific; an important trans-acting regulator of genomic imprinting is regulated by this phenomenon; and variation in CTCF and TF binding sites is an underlying mechanism, and maps of hap-ASM and mQTLs reveal regulatory sequences underlying supra- and sub-threshold GWAS peaks in immunological and neurological disorders.
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Mayo S, Roselló M, Monfort S, Oltra S, Orellana C, Martínez F. Haploinsufficiency of the MYT1L gene causes intellectual disability frequently associated with behavioral disorder. Genet Med 2016; 17:683-4. [PMID: 26240977 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayo
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Roselló
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Monfort
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvestre Oltra
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
The next-generation sequencing revolution has substantially increased our understanding of the mutated genes that underlie complex neurodevelopmental disease. Exome sequencing has enabled us to estimate the number of genes involved in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disease, whereas targeted sequencing approaches have provided the means for quick and cost-effective sequencing of thousands of patient samples to assess the significance of individual genes. By leveraging such technologies and clinical exome sequencing, a genotype-first approach has emerged in which patients with a common genotype are first identified and then clinically reassessed as a group. This approach has proven a powerful methodology for refining disease subtypes. We propose that the molecular characterization of these genetic subtypes has important implications for diagnostics and also for future drug development. Classifying patients into subgroups with a common genetic etiology and applying treatments tailored to the specific molecular defect they carry is likely to improve management of neurodevelopmental disease in the future.
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Hempel A, Pagnamenta AT, Blyth M, Mansour S, McConnell V, Kou I, Ikegawa S, Tsurusaki Y, Matsumoto N, Lo-Castro A, Plessis G, Albrecht B, Battaglia A, Taylor JC, Howard MF, Keays D, Sohal AS, Kühl SJ, Kini U, McNeill A. Deletions and de novo mutations of SOX11 are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with features of Coffin-Siris syndrome. J Med Genet 2015; 53:152-62. [PMID: 26543203 PMCID: PMC4789813 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SOX11 is a transcription factor proposed to play a role in brain development. The relevance of SOX11 to human developmental disorders was suggested by a recent report of SOX11 mutations in two patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Here we further investigate the role of SOX11 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS We used array based comparative genomic hybridisation and trio exome sequencing to identify children with intellectual disability who have deletions or de novo point mutations disrupting SOX11. The pathogenicity of the SOX11 mutations was assessed using an in vitro gene expression reporter system. Loss-of-function experiments were performed in xenopus by knockdown of Sox11 expression. RESULTS We identified seven individuals with chromosome 2p25 deletions involving SOX11. Trio exome sequencing identified three de novo SOX11 variants, two missense (p.K50N; p.P120H) and one nonsense (p.C29*). The biological consequences of the missense mutations were assessed using an in vitro gene expression system. These individuals had microcephaly, developmental delay and shared dysmorphic features compatible with mild Coffin-Siris syndrome. To further investigate the function of SOX11, we knocked down the orthologous gene in xenopus. Morphants had significant reduction in head size compared with controls. This suggests that SOX11 loss of function can be associated with microcephaly. CONCLUSIONS We thus propose that SOX11 deletion or mutation can present with a Coffin-Siris phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie Hempel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Moira Blyth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vivienne McConnell
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Floor A, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Adriana Lo-Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ghislaine Plessis
- Service de génétique, CHU de Caen-Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut fur Humangenetik, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- The Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Malcolm F Howard
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Keays
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aman Singh Sohal
- Paediatric Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Susanne J Kühl
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Usha Kini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alisdair McNeill
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico medicine, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Besold AN, Michel SLJ. Neural Zinc Finger Factor/Myelin Transcription Factor Proteins: Metal Binding, Fold, and Function. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4443-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelique N. Besold
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1180, United States
| | - Sarah L. J. Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1180, United States
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