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Perez‐Becerril C, Wallace AJ, Schlecht H, Bowers NL, Smith PT, Gokhale C, Eaton H, Charlton C, Robinson R, Charlton RS, Evans DG, Smith MJ. Screening of potential novel candidate genes in schwannomatosis patients. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1368-1376. [PMID: 35723634 PMCID: PMC9540472 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schwannomatosis comprises a group of hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes characterized by, usually benign, multiple nerve sheath tumors, which frequently cause severe pain that does not typically respond to drug treatments. The most common schwannomatosis‐associated gene is NF2, but SMARCB1 and LZTR1 are also associated. There are still many cases in which no pathogenic variants (PVs) have been identified, suggesting the existence of as yet unidentified genetic risk factors. In this study, we performed extended genetic screening of 75 unrelated schwannomatosis patients without identified germline PVs in NF2, LZTR1, or SMARCB1. Screening of the coding region of DGCR8, COQ6, CDKN2A, and CDKN2B was carried out, based on previous reports that point to these genes as potential candidate genes for schwannomatosis. Deletions or duplications in CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and adjacent chromosome 9 region were assessed by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis. Sequencing analysis of a patient with multiple schwannomas and melanomas identified a novel duplication in the coding region of CDKN2A, disrupting both p14ARF and p16INK4a. Our results suggest that none of these genes are major contributors to schwannomatosis risk but the possibility remains that they may have a role in more complex mechanisms for tumor predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Perez‐Becerril
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Andrew J. Wallace
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Helene Schlecht
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Naomi L. Bowers
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Philip T. Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Carolyn Gokhale
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Helen Eaton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Chris Charlton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Rachel Robinson
- North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory HubSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Ruth S. Charlton
- North East and Yorkshire Genomic Laboratory HubSt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Miriam J. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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2
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Updated diagnostic criteria and nomenclature for neurofibromatosis type 2 and schwannomatosis: An international consensus recommendation. Genet Med 2022; 24:1967-1977. [PMID: 35674741 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetically distinct tumor predisposition syndromes with overlapping phenotypes. We sought to update the diagnostic criteria for NF2 and SWN by incorporating recent advances in genetics, ophthalmology, neuropathology, and neuroimaging. METHODS We used a multistep process, beginning with a Delphi method involving global disease experts and subsequently involving non-neurofibromatosis clinical experts, patients, and foundations/patient advocacy groups. RESULTS We reached consensus on the minimal clinical and genetic criteria for diagnosing NF2 and SWN. These criteria incorporate mosaic forms of these conditions. In addition, we recommend updated nomenclature for these disorders to emphasize their phenotypic overlap and to minimize misdiagnosis with neurofibromatosis type 1. CONCLUSION The updated criteria for NF2 and SWN incorporate clinical features and genetic testing, with a focus on using molecular data to differentiate the 2 conditions. It is likely that continued refinement of these new criteria will be necessary as investigators study the diagnostic properties of the revised criteria and identify new genes associated with SWN. In the revised nomenclature, the term "neurofibromatosis 2" has been retired to improve diagnostic specificity.
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Piotrowski A, Koczkowska M, Poplawski AB, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J, Mieczkowska A, Gomes A, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Chen Y, Lao P, Serra E, Llach MC, Castellanos E, Messiaen LM. Targeted massively parallel sequencing of candidate regions on chromosome 22q predisposing to multiple schwannomas: An analysis of 51 individuals in a single-center experience. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:74-84. [PMID: 34747535 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional LZTR1 or SMARCB1 pathogenic variants (PVs) have been found in ∼86% of familial and ∼40% of sporadic schwannomatosis cases. Hence, we performed massively parallel sequencing of the entire LZTR1, SMARCB1, and NF2 genomic loci in 35 individuals with schwannomas negative for constitutional first-hit PVs in the LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 coding sequences; however, with 22q deletion and/or a different NF2 PV in each tumor, including six cases with only one tumor available. Furthermore, we verified whether any other LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 (likely) PVs could be found in 16 cases carrying a SMARCB1 constitutional variant in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) c.*17C>T, c.*70C>T, or c.*82C>T. As no additional variants were found, functional studies were performed to clarify the effect of these 3'-UTR variants on the transcript. The 3'-UTR variants c.*17C>T and c.*82C>T showed pathogenicity by negatively affecting the SMARCB1 transcript level. Two novel deep intronic SMARCB1 variants, c.500+883T>G and c.500+887G>A, resulting in out-of-frame missplicing of intron 4, were identified in two unrelated individuals. Further resequencing of the entire repeat-masked genomics sequences of chromosome 22q in individuals negative for PVs in the SMARCB1/LZTR1/NF2 coding- and noncoding regions revealed five potential schwannomatosis-predisposing candidate genes, that is, MYO18B, NEFH, SGSM1, SGSM3, and SBF1, pending further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej B Poplawski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Mieczkowska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ping Lao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell C Llach
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Vetrano IG, Dei Cas M, Nazzi V, Eoli M, Innocenti N, Saletti V, Potenza A, Carrozzini T, Pollaci G, Gorla G, Paroni R, Ghidoni R, Gatti L. The Lipid Asset Is Unbalanced in Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010061. [PMID: 35008487 PMCID: PMC8744637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) include schwannomas, neurofibromas (NFs), and plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), among others. While they are benign tumors, according to their biological behavior, some have the potential for malignant degeneration, mainly PNFs. The specific factors contributing to the more aggressive behavior of some PNSTs compared to others are not precisely known. Considering that lipid homeostasis plays a crucial role in fibrotic/inflammatory processes and in several cancers, we hypothesized that the lipid asset was also unbalanced in this group of nerve tumors. Through untargeted lipidomics, NFs presented a significant increase in ceramide, phosphatidylcholine, and Vitamin A ester. PNFs displayed a marked decrease in 34 out of 50 lipid class analyzed. An increased level of ether- and oxidized-triacylglycerols was observed; phosphatidylcholines were reduced. After sphingolipidomic analysis, we observed six sphingolipid classes. Ceramide and dihydroceramides were statistically increased in NFs. All the glycosylated species appeared reduced in NFs, but increased in PNFs. Our findings suggested that different subtypes of PNSTs presented a specific modulation in the lipidic profile. The untargeted and targeted lipidomic approaches, which were not applied until now, contribute to better clarifying bioactive lipid roles in PNS natural history to highlight disease molecular features and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio G. Vetrano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Vittoria Nazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Marica Eoli
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Niccolò Innocenti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuliana Pollaci
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Neurorehabilitation Department, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Gatti
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
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Abstract
The neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders that cause development of nervous system tumors as well as various other tumor and systemic manifestations. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most prevalent of these conditions and has the most variable phenotype and highest risk of malignant tumor formation. Neurofibromatosis type 2 has no associated malignant tumors but does carry significant morbidity, including deafness, facial weakness, and physical disability. Schwannomatosis is the least prevalent of these disorders and is characterized primarily by nonvestibular schwannomas and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jordan
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology and Family Center for Neurofibromatosis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology and Family Center for Neurofibromatosis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
Schwannomas are benign Schwann cell-derived tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath often involving the vestibular cranial nerve (vestibular schwannoma). Histologically, they consist of bipolar spindle cells and show a moderate cellularity. Typically, Antoni A regions with a storiform pattern and loose Antoni B regions are intermingled. Verocay bodies are the pathognomonic palisading structures. Malignant transformation is rare. Merlin (schwannomin), the protein product of NF2, is inactivated by mutations, loss of heterozygosity or methylation. Within neurofibromatosis type 2, a germline mutation is present in about half of cases, whereas tumors demonstrate an additional second hit of the NF2 gene. A loss of chromosome 22 or 22q is common. Merlin links the cell membrane with the cytoskeleton and regulates intracellular signaling pathways leading to dysorganization when merlin is inactivated. Loss of merlin activates Rac1 and Ras, and the PAK1, mTORC1, EGFR-Ras-ERK, PI3K-Akt, WNT and Hippo pathways as well as receptor tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, merlin locates to the nucleus and inhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4DCAF1. Besides biallelic inactivation of NF2 in schwannomas, other genes are involved in the pathogenesis of schwannomatosis-associated schwannomas such as LZTR1, SMARCB1, COQ6 indicating an important role of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex for schwannoma development. Our own investigations point to deregulation of BAF170, another essential SWI/SNF complex component. Knowledge of mechanisms allows targeted molecular therapy, especially in vestibular schwannomas, using antagonists against mTOR (rapamycin/sirolmus/everolimus), EGFR (lapatinib) or VEGF (bevacizumab), although clinical studies have been in part disappointing so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brodhun
- Institut für Pathologie, Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Deutschland
| | - V Stahn
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - A Harder
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland.
- Institut für Pathologie, Gesundheitszentrum Brandenburg an der Havel GmbH am Klinikum Brandenburg, Hochschulklinikum der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Hochstr. 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Deutschland.
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7
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An association of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and lipomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:185-190. [PMID: 27900489 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We noticed the coexistence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) with lipomas within a subgroup of our patients. Given the prevalence of lipomas in the general population, we sought to investigate the extent of coexistence of the two entities aiming at uncovering any plausible association between both. METHODS A retrospective review of all peripheral nerve sheath tumors (sporadic and syndromic forms) treated by a single surgeon between January 2009 and August 2015 was done. We recorded demographics (i.e., gender, age at diagnosis, imaging information, time to diagnosis) in addition to the method of diagnosis, subtype, number and location of lipomas, if present. RESULTS Over 6 years, 309 patients with PNST were operated/evaluated. These included 141 sporadic (schwannomas, neurofibromas) and 168 syndromic (neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 and schwannomatosis). We found 32 patients [10.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.43%-14.3%] with coexistent lipomas, some of whom also had a family member with lipoma (n = 3). Of these 26 had schwannomas, 3 had neurofibromas and 3 lacked definitive PNST histopathological diagnosis. Fourteen percent of patients with schwannomas and 2.9% of patients with neurofibromas had coexisting lipomas. CONCLUSION We believe there is an increased association of peripheral nerve tumors and lipomas overall.
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8
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Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Farschtschi S, Mautner VF, Cooper DN. The molecular pathogenesis of schwannomatosis, a paradigm for the co-involvement of multiple tumour suppressor genes in tumorigenesis. Hum Genet 2016; 136:129-148. [PMID: 27921248 PMCID: PMC5258795 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwannomatosis is characterized by the predisposition to develop multiple schwannomas and, less commonly, meningiomas. Despite the clinical overlap with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), schwannomatosis is not caused by germline NF2 gene mutations. Instead, germline mutations of either the SMARCB1 or LZTR1 tumour suppressor genes have been identified in 86% of familial and 40% of sporadic schwannomatosis patients. In contrast to patients with rhabdoid tumours, which are due to complete loss-of-function SMARCB1 mutations, individuals with schwannomatosis harbour predominantly hypomorphic SMARCB1 mutations which give rise to the synthesis of mutant proteins with residual function that do not cause rhabdoid tumours. Although biallelic mutations of SMARCB1 or LZTR1 have been detected in the tumours of patients with schwannomatosis, the classical two-hit model of tumorigenesis is insufficient to account for schwannoma growth, since NF2 is also frequently inactivated in these tumours. Consequently, tumorigenesis in schwannomatosis must involve the mutation of at least two different tumour suppressor genes, an occurrence frequently mediated by loss of heterozygosity of large parts of chromosome 22q harbouring not only SMARCB1 and LZTR1 but also NF2. Thus, schwannomatosis is paradigmatic for a tumour predisposition syndrome caused by the concomitant mutational inactivation of two or more tumour suppressor genes. This review provides an overview of current models of tumorigenesis and mutational patterns underlying schwannomatosis that will ultimately help to explain the complex clinical presentation of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Said Farschtschi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor-Felix Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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Molecular Analysis of Hybrid Neurofibroma/Schwannoma Identifies Common Monosomy 22 and α-T-Catenin/CTNNA3 as a Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3285-3296. [PMID: 27765635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromas and schwannomas are benign Schwann cell-derived peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising sporadically and within neurofibromatoses. Multiple tumors are a hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis. Neurofibromas in NF1 and schwannomas in NF2 or schwannomatosis are defined by distinctive molecular hits. Among these, multiple hybrid neurofibromas/schwannomas may also appear, not yet being defined by a molecular background. We therefore performed molecular analysis of 22 hybrid neurofibromas/schwannomas using array comparative genomic hybridization, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, and functional analyses of cultured Schwann cells. Furthermore, we analyzed SMARCB1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe. Monosomy 22 was identified in 44% of tumors of tested patients with hybrid neurofibromas/schwannomas. In addition, in a single case, we detected focal deletion of the α-T-catenin/CTNNA3 gene (10q21.3). To further characterize this candidate, transient knockdown of α-T-catenin in Schwann cells was performed. CTNNA3 depleted cells showed cytoskeletal abnormalities and reduced E-cadherin expression, indicating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like abnormalities. To conclude, we uncovered loss of chromosome 22 in almost half of all cases with hybrid neurofibromas/schwannomas of patients with multiple peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We tagged α-T-catenin/CTNNA3 as a novel candidate gene. Our functional investigations might indicate involvement of α-T-catenin/CTNNA3 in the biology of peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
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Trevisson E, Clementi M, Salviati L. Is there a link between COQ6 and schwannomatosis? Genet Med 2016; 17:312-3. [PMID: 25835193 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Trevisson
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Clinical Genetics Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Clinical Genetics Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Clinical Genetics Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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12
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Ismail A, Leroux V, Smadja M, Gonzalez L, Lombard M, Pierrel F, Mellot-Draznieks C, Fontecave M. Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: Evidence for a Substrate Access Channel in the FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase Coq6. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004690. [PMID: 26808124 PMCID: PMC4726752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coq6 is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, a polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential to the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase is proposed to hydroxylate the benzene ring of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) precursor at position C5. We show here through biochemical studies that Coq6 is a flavoprotein using FAD as a cofactor. Homology models of the Coq6-FAD complex are constructed and studied through molecular dynamics and substrate docking calculations of 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxyphenol (4-HP6), a bulky hydrophobic model substrate. We identify a putative access channel for Coq6 in a wild type model and propose in silico mutations positioned at its entrance capable of partially (G248R and L382E single mutations) or completely (a G248R-L382E double-mutation) blocking access to the channel for the substrate. Further in vivo assays support the computational predictions, thus explaining the decreased activities or inactivation of the mutated enzymes. This work provides the first detailed structural information of an important and highly conserved enzyme of ubiquinone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ismail
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Sup’Biotech, IONIS Education Group, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Leroux
- Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL*), Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), INSERM U1050, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Lombard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Mellot-Draznieks
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris, France
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13
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Toms J, Harrison J, Richard H, Childers A, Reiter ER, Graham RS. An unusual case of schwannomatosis with bilateral maxillary sinus schwannomas and a novel SMARCB1 gene mutation. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 24:160-6. [PMID: 26431068 DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.spine15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Patients with multiple schwannomas without signs and symptoms of neurofibromatosis Type 1 or 2 have the rare disease schwannomatosis. Tumors in these patients occur along peripheral nerves throughout the body. Mutations of the SMARCB1 gene have been described as one of the predisposing genetic factors in the development of this disease. This report describes a patient who was observed for 6 years after having undergone removal of 7 schwannomas, including bilateral maxillary sinus schwannomas, a tumor that has not been previously reported. Genetic analysis revealed a novel mutation of c.93G>A in exon 1 of the SMARCB1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adrienne Childers
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
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Sokolenko AP, Suspitsin EN, Kuligina ES, Bizin IV, Frishman D, Imyanitov EN. Identification of novel hereditary cancer genes by whole exome sequencing. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:274-88. [PMID: 26427841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) provides a powerful tool for medical genetic research. Several dozens of WES studies involving patients with hereditary cancer syndromes have already been reported. WES led to breakthrough in understanding of the genetic basis of some exceptionally rare syndromes; for example, identification of germ-line SMARCA4 mutations in patients with ovarian hypercalcemic small cell carcinomas indeed explains a noticeable share of familial aggregation of this disease. However, studies on common cancer types turned out to be more difficult. In particular, there is almost a dozen of reports describing WES analysis of breast cancer patients, but none of them yet succeeded to reveal a gene responsible for the significant share of missing heritability. Virtually all components of WES studies require substantial improvement, e.g. technical performance of WES, interpretation of WES results, mode of patient selection, etc. Most of contemporary investigations focus on genes with autosomal dominant mechanism of inheritance; however, recessive and oligogenic models of transmission of cancer susceptibility also need to be considered. It is expected that the list of medically relevant tumor-predisposing genes will be rapidly expanding in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Ekatherina Sh Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, RASA Research Center, St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St.-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, TU Muenchen, Freising 85354, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg 191015, Russia; Department of Oncology, St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Zhang K, Lin JW, Chiu WT, Yen Y. Response to Trevisson et al. Genet Med 2015; 17:313-4. [PMID: 25835194 PMCID: PMC7420295 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Chiu
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- 1] Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA [2] PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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