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Tang M, Zhong L, Rong H, Li K, Ye M, Peng J, Ge J. Efficient retinal ganglion cells transduction by retro-orbital venous sinus injection of AAV-PHP.eB in mature mice. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109931. [PMID: 38763353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the strategies that may reduce or reverse progressive neurodegeneration in retinal neurodegenerative diseases. However, efficiently delivering transgenes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) remains hard to achieve. In this study, we innovatively investigated transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.eB in murine RGCs by retro-orbital venous sinus injection. Five doses of AAV-PHP.eB-EGFP were retro-orbitally injected in venous sinus in adult C57/BL6J mice. Two weeks after administration, RGCs transduction efficiency was quantified by retinal flat-mounts and frozen section co-labeling with RGCs marker Rbpms. In addition, safety of this method was evaluated by RGCs survival rate and retinal morphology. To conform efficacy of this new method, AAV-PHP.eB-CNTF was administrated into mature mice through single retro-orbital venous injection after optic nerve crush injury to evaluate axonal elongation. Results indicated that AAV- PHP.eB readily crossed the blood-retina barrier and was able to transduce more than 90% of RGCs when total dose of virus reached 5 × 1010 vector genomes (vg). Moreover, this technique did not affect RGCs survival rate and retinal morphology. Furthermore, retro-orbital venous delivery of AAV-PHP.eB-CNTF effectively transduced RGCs, robustly promoted axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush injury. Thus, novel AAV-PHP.eB retro-orbital injection provides a minimally invasive and efficient route for transgene delivery in treatment of retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liuxueying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huifeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kaijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Meifang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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2
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Sai H, Ollington B, Rezek FO, Chai N, Lane A, Georgiadis T, Bainbridge J, Michaelides M, Sacristan-Reviriego A, Perdigão PR, Leung A, van der Spuy J. Effective AAV-mediated gene replacement therapy in retinal organoids modeling AIPL1-associated LCA4. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102148. [PMID: 38439910 PMCID: PMC10910061 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Biallelic variations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1) gene cause Leber congenital amaurosis subtype 4 (LCA4), an autosomal recessive early-onset severe retinal dystrophy that leads to the rapid degeneration of retinal photoreceptors and the severe impairment of sight within the first few years of life. Currently, there is no treatment or cure for AIPL1-associated LCA4. In this study, we investigated the potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated AIPL1 gene replacement therapy in two previously validated human retinal organoid (RO) models of LCA4. We report here that photoreceptor-specific AIPL1 gene replacement therapy, currently being tested in a first-in-human application, effectively rescued molecular features of AIPL1-associated LCA4 in these models. Notably, the loss of retinal phosphodiesterase 6 was rescued and elevated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were reduced following treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of untreated and AAV-transduced ROs revealed transcriptomic changes in response to elevated cGMP levels and viral infection, respectively. Overall, this study supports AIPL1 gene therapy as a promising therapeutic intervention for LCA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Sai
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Bethany Ollington
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Farah O. Rezek
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Niuzheng Chai
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | | | - James Bainbridge
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Almudena Sacristan-Reviriego
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Pedro R.L. Perdigão
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amy Leung
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Jacqueline van der Spuy
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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3
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Hammadi S, Tzoumas N, Ferrara M, Meschede IP, Lo K, Harris C, Lako M, Steel DH. Bruch's Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2870. [PMID: 37109207 PMCID: PMC10145879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is crucial for immune surveillance, providing the body's first line of defence against pathogens. However, an imbalance in its regulators can lead to inappropriate overactivation, resulting in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally affecting around 200 million people. Complement activation in AMD is believed to begin in the choriocapillaris, but it also plays a critical role in the subretinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces. Bruch's membrane (BrM) acts as a barrier between the retina/RPE and choroid, hindering complement protein diffusion. This impediment increases with age and AMD, leading to compartmentalisation of complement activation. In this review, we comprehensively examine the structure and function of BrM, including its age-related changes visible through in vivo imaging, and the consequences of complement dysfunction on AMD pathogenesis. We also explore the potential and limitations of various delivery routes (systemic, intravitreal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal) for safe and effective delivery of conventional and gene therapy-based complement inhibitors to treat AMD. Further research is needed to understand the diffusion of complement proteins across BrM and optimise therapeutic delivery to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hammadi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nikolaos Tzoumas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Rd., Sunderland SR2 9H, UK
| | | | - Ingrid Porpino Meschede
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
| | - Katharina Lo
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
| | - Claire Harris
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, Rolling Stock Yard, 6th Floor, 188 York Way, London N7 9AS, UK
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - David H. Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Rd., Sunderland SR2 9H, UK
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4
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Perdigão PRL, Ollington B, Sai H, Leung A, Sacristan-Reviriego A, van der Spuy J. Retinal Organoids from an AIPL1 CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Cell Line Successfully Recapitulate the Molecular Features of LCA4 Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065912. [PMID: 36982987 PMCID: PMC10057647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1) is expressed in photoreceptors where it facilitates the assembly of phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) which hydrolyses cGMP within the phototransduction cascade. Genetic variations in AIPL1 cause type 4 Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA4), which presents as rapid loss of vision in early childhood. Limited in vitro LCA4 models are available, and these rely on patient-derived cells harbouring patient-specific AIPL1 mutations. While valuable, the use and scalability of individual patient-derived LCA4 models may be limited by ethical considerations, access to patient samples and prohibitive costs. To model the functional consequences of patient-independent AIPL1 mutations, CRISPR/Cas9 was implemented to produce an isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell line harbouring a frameshift mutation in the first exon of AIPL1. Retinal organoids were generated using these cells, which retained AIPL1 gene transcription, but AIPL1 protein was undetectable. AIPL1 knockout resulted in a decrease in rod photoreceptor-specific PDE6α and β, and increased cGMP levels, suggesting downstream dysregulation of the phototransduction cascade. The retinal model described here provides a novel platform to assess functional consequences of AIPL1 silencing and measure the rescue of molecular features by potential therapeutic approaches targeting mutation-independent pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R L Perdigão
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Bethany Ollington
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Hali Sai
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Amy Leung
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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5
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Nano drug delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) therapeutics. J Control Release 2022; 352:861-878. [PMID: 36397636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic and hereditary genetic disorders are a global health burden affecting millions of people, with contemporary treatments offering limited relief. Antisense technology treats diseases by targeting their causal agents using its ability to alter or inhibit endogenous or malfunctioning genes. Nine antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs that represent four different chemical classes have been approved for the treatment of rare diseases, including nusinersen, the first new oligonucleotide-based drug. Advances in medicinal chemistry, understanding the molecular pathways, and the availability of vast genetic data have resulted in enormous improvements in the therapeutic performance of ASO drugs; however, their susceptibility to degradation in the circulation, rapid renal clearance, and immunostimulatory adverse effects greatly limit their clinical applications. An increasing number of ASO-based therapeutics is being tested in clinical trials. Improvements to the delivery of ASO drugs could potentially change the therapeutic landscape for many conditions in the near future. This review describes the technological advances and developments in drug delivery systems pertaining to ASO therapeutics.
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6
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Lewin AS, Smith WC. Gene Therapy for Rhodopsin Mutations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041283. [PMID: 35940643 PMCID: PMC9435570 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in RHO, the gene for rhodopsin, account for a large fraction of autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Patients fall into two clinical classes, those with early onset, pan retinal photoreceptor degeneration, and those who experience slowly progressive disease. The latter class of patients are candidates for photoreceptor-directed gene therapy, while former may be candidates for delivery of light-responsive proteins to interneurons or retinal ganglion cells. Gene therapy for RHO adRP may be targeted to the mutant gene at the DNA or RNA level, while other therapies preserve the viability of photoreceptors without addressing the underlying mutation. Correcting the RHO gene and replacing the mutant RNA show promise in animal models, while sustaining viable photoreceptors has the potential to delay the loss of central vision and may preserve photoreceptors for gene-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred S Lewin
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - W Clay Smith
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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7
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Kayesh MEH, Hashem MA, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. In vivo Delivery Tools for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/Associated Protein 9-Mediated Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: An Update. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953218. [PMID: 35847068 PMCID: PMC9284033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem despite the availability of an effective prophylactic HBV vaccine. Current antiviral therapies are unable to fully cure chronic hepatitis B (CHB) because of the persistent nature of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a replicative template for HBV, which necessitates the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. The CRISPR/Cas system, a newly emerging genome editing tool, holds great promise for genome editing and gene therapy. Several in vitro and/or in vivo studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of HBV-specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems in cleaving HBV DNA and cccDNA. Although recent advances in CRISPR/Cas technology enhance its prospects for clinical application against HBV infection, in vivo delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system at targets sites remains a major challenge that needs to be resolved before its clinical application in gene therapy for CHB. In the present review, we discuss CRISPR/Cas9 delivery tools for targeting HBV infection, with a focus on the development of adeno-associated virus vectors and lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery to treat CHB. In addition, we discuss the importance of delivery tools in the enhancement of the antiviral efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh,
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara,
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8
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Rudnick ND, Kim LA, Comander J. Adeno-associated Viral Vectors in the Retina: Delivering Gene Therapy to the Right Destination. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2022; 62:215-229. [PMID: 35325920 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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9
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Allyn MM, Luo RH, Hellwarth EB, Swindle-Reilly KE. Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:787644. [PMID: 35155469 PMCID: PMC8831705 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.787644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related eye diseases are becoming more prevalent. A notable increase has been seen in the most common causes including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Current clinical treatments vary from tissue replacement with polymers to topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. Research and development efforts have increased using polymers for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. Polymers provide unique properties that allow for specific engineered devices to provide improved treatment options. Recent work has shown the utilization of synthetic and biopolymer derived biomaterials in various forms, with this review containing a focus on polymers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for ocular use. METHODS This provides an overview of some prevalent synthetic polymers and biopolymers used in ocular delivery and their benefits, brief discussion of the various types and synthesis methods used, and administration techniques. Polymers approved by the FDA for different applications in the eye are listed and compared to new polymers being explored in the literature. This article summarizes research findings using polymers for ocular drug delivery from various stages: laboratory, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and currently approved. This review also focuses on some of the challenges to bringing these new innovations to the clinic, including limited selection of approved polymers. RESULTS Polymers help improve drug delivery by increasing solubility, controlling pharmacokinetics, and extending release. Several polymer classes including synthetic, biopolymer, and combinations were discussed along with the benefits and challenges of each class. The ways both polymer synthesis and processing techniques can influence drug release in the eye were discussed. CONCLUSION The use of biomaterials, specifically polymers, is a well-studied field for drug delivery, and polymers have been used as implants in the eye for over 75 years. Promising new ocular drug delivery systems are emerging using polymers an innovative option for treating ocular diseases because of their tunable properties. This review touches on important considerations and challenges of using polymers for sustained ocular drug delivery with the goal translating research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard H. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elle B. Hellwarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Stem cell transplantation as a progressing treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:177-205. [PMID: 35001210 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are of the major causes of vision loss in developed countries. Despite the unclear pathophysiology, treatment methods have been investigated vastly in the past decades. This review article mainly discusses the advances in application of stem cell and progenitor transplantation for retinitis pigmentosa. Stem cell sources such as mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal progenitor cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells are discussed separately in addition to a brief description of two approaches for treatment of early-stage RP, including gene therapy and nutritional therapy.
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11
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Han IC, Burnight ER, Kaalberg EE, Boyce TM, Stone EM, Fingert JH, Mullins RF, Tucker BA, Wiley LA. Chimeric Helper-Dependent Adenoviruses Transduce Retinal Ganglion Cells and Müller Cells in Human Retinal Explants. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:575-579. [PMID: 34597181 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Despite numerous recent advances in retinal gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as delivery vectors, there remains a crucial need to identify viral vectors with the ability to transduce specific retinal cell types and that have a larger carrying capacity than AAV. In this study, we evaluate the retinal tropism of 2 chimeric helper-dependent adenoviruses (HDAds), helper-dependent adenovirus serotype 5 (HDAd5)/3 and HDAd5/35, both ex vivo using human retinal explants and in vivo using rats. Methods: We transduced cultured human retinal explants with HDAd5/3 and HDAd5/35 carrying an eGFP vector and evaluated tropism and transduction efficiency using immunohistochemistry. To assess in vivo transduction efficiency, subretinal injections were performed in wild-type Sprague-Dawley rats. For both explants and subretinal injections, we delivered 10 μL (1 × 106 vector genomes/mL) and assessed tropism at 7- and 14-days post-transduction, respectively. Results: HDAd5/3 and HDAd5/35 both transduced human retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and Müller cells, but not photoreceptors, in human retinal explants. However, subretinal injections in albino rats resulted in transduction of the retinal pigmented epithelium only, highlighting species-specific differences in retinal tropism and the value of a human explant model when testing vectors for eventual human gene therapy. Conclusions: Chimeric HDAds are promising candidates for the delivery of large genes, multiple genes, or neuroprotective factors to Müller cells and RGCs. These vectors may have utility for targeted therapy of neurodegenerative diseases primarily involving retinal ganglion or Müller cell types, such as glaucoma or macular telangiectasia type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Han
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Erin R Burnight
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily E Kaalberg
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Timothy M Boyce
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John H Fingert
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Luke A Wiley
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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12
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Massengill MT, Lewin AS. Gene Therapy for Rhodopsin-associated Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:79-96. [PMID: 34584046 PMCID: PMC8478325 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Delivery of Genetic Information: Viral Vector and Nonviral Vector Gene Therapies. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:35-57. [PMID: 34196317 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Cui S, Ganjawala TH, Abrams GW, Pan ZH. Effect of Proteasome Inhibitors on the AAV-Mediated Transduction Efficiency in Retinal Bipolar Cells. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 19:404-412. [PMID: 32072884 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200211111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) vectors are the most promising vehicles for therapeutic gene delivery to the retina. To develop a practical gene delivery tool, achieving high AAV transduction efficiency in specific cell types is often required. AAV-mediated targeted expression in retinal bipolar cells is needed in certain applications such as optogenetic therapy, however, the transduction efficiency driven by endogenous cell-specific promoters is usually low. Methods that can improve AAV transduction efficiency in bipolar cells need to be developed. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the effect of proteasome inhibitors on AAV-mediated transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells. METHODS Quantitative analysis of fluorescent reporter protein expression was performed to assess the effect of two proteasome inhibitors, doxorubicin and MG132, on AAV-mediated transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells in mice. RESULTS Our results showed that doxorubicin can increase the AAV transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity in retinal neurons, but the cytotoxicity could be mitigated by the coapplication of dexrazoxane. Three months after the coapplication of doxorubicin (300 μM) and dexrazoxane, the AAV transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells increased by 33.8% and no cytotoxicity was observed in all the layers of the retina. CONCLUSION Doxorubicin could enhance the AAV transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells in vivo. The potential long-term cytotoxicity caused by doxorubicin to retinal neurons could be partially mitigated by dexrazoxane. The coapplication of doxorubicin and dexrazoxane may serve as a potential adjuvant regimen for improving AAV transduction efficiency in retinal bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Tushar H Ganjawala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Gary W Abrams
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Zhuo-Hua Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
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15
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Xiong Z, Wang Q, Li W, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhu J, Xie B, Wang S, Kuang H, Lin X, Lee C, Kumar A, Li X. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-D Activates Complement System to Propagate Macrophage Polarization and Neovascularization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686886. [PMID: 34150781 PMCID: PMC8207142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) is highly expressed in immune cells. However, the potential role of PDGF-D in immune system remains thus far unclear. Here, we reveal a novel function of PDGF-D in activating both classical and alternative complement pathways that markedly increase chemokine and cytokine responses to promote macrophage polarization. Pharmacological targeting of the complement C3a receptor using SB290157 alleviated PDGF-D-induced neuroinflammation by blocking macrophage polarization and inhibited pathological choroidal neovascularization. Our study thus suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting both PDGF-D and the complement system may open up new possibilities for the treatment of neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Chiu W, Lin TY, Chang YC, Isahwan-Ahmad Mulyadi Lai H, Lin SC, Ma C, Yarmishyn AA, Lin SC, Chang KJ, Chou YB, Hsu CC, Lin TC, Chen SJ, Chien Y, Yang YP, Hwang DK. An Update on Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Dystrophy: Experience in Leber Congenital Amaurosis Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094534. [PMID: 33926102 PMCID: PMC8123696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of rare eye diseases caused by gene mutations that result in the degradation of cone and rod photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal degradation progress is often irreversible, with clinical manifestations including color or night blindness, peripheral visual defects and subsequent vision loss. Thus, gene therapies that restore functional retinal proteins by either replenishing unmutated genes or truncating mutated genes are needed. Coincidentally, the eye’s accessibility and immune-privileged status along with major advances in gene identification and gene delivery systems heralded gene therapies for IRDs. Among these clinical trials, voretigene neparvovec-rzyl (Luxturna), an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy drug, was approved by the FDA for treating patients with confirmed biallelic RPE65 mutation-associated Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) in 2017. This review includes current IRD gene therapy clinical trials and further summarizes preclinical studies and therapeutic strategies for LCA, including adeno-associated virus-based gene augmentation therapy, 11-cis-retinal replacement, RNA-based antisense oligonucleotide therapy and CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing therapy. Understanding the gene therapy development for LCA may accelerate and predict the potential hurdles of future therapeutics translation. It may also serve as the template for the research and development of treatment for other IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chiu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chia Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Henkie Isahwan-Ahmad Mulyadi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Che Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shiuan-Chen Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Kao-Jung Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (W.C.); (S.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (Y.-B.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.-P.Y.); (D.-K.H.)
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.-P.Y.); (D.-K.H.)
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (H.I.-A.M.L.); (C.M.); (A.A.Y.); (T.-C.L.); (S.-J.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.-P.Y.); (D.-K.H.)
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17
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Ng WSV, Trigano M, Freeman T, Varrichio C, Kandaswamy DK, Newland B, Brancale A, Rozanowska M, Votruba M. New avenues for therapy in mitochondrial optic neuropathies. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2021; 2:26330040211029037. [PMID: 37181108 PMCID: PMC10032437 DOI: 10.1177/26330040211029037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a group of optic nerve atrophies exemplified by the two commonest conditions in this group, autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Their clinical features comprise reduced visual acuity, colour vision deficits, centro-caecal scotomas and optic disc pallor with thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer. The primary aetiology is genetic, with underlying nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutations. The primary pathology is owing to retinal ganglion cell dysfunction and degeneration. There is currently only one approved treatment and no curative therapy is available. In this review we summarise the genetic and clinical features of ADOA and LHON and then examine what new avenues there may be for therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic strategies to manage LHON and ADOA can be split into four categories: prevention, compensation, replacement and repair. Prevention is technically an option by modifying risk factors such as smoking cessation, or by utilising pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, although this is unlikely to be applied in mitochondrial optic neuropathies due to the non-life threatening and variable nature of these conditions. Compensation involves pharmacological interventions that ameliorate the mitochondrial dysfunction at a cellular and tissue level. Replacement and repair are exciting new emerging areas. Clinical trials, both published and underway, in this area are likely to reveal future potential benefits, since new therapies are desperately needed. Plain language summary Optic nerve damage leading to loss of vision can be caused by a variety of insults. One group of conditions leading to optic nerve damage is caused by defects in genes that are essential for cells to make energy in small organelles called mitochondria. These conditions are known as mitochondrial optic neuropathies and two predominant examples are called autosomal dominant optic atrophy and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Both conditions are caused by problems with the energy powerhouse of cells: mitochondria. The cells that are most vulnerable to this mitochondrial malfunction are called retinal ganglion cells, otherwise collectively known as the optic nerve, and they take the electrical impulse from the retina in the eye to the brain. The malfunction leads to death of some of the optic nerve cells, the degree of vision loss being linked to the number of those cells which are impacted in this way. Patients will lose visual acuity and colour vision and develop a central blind spot in their field of vision. There is currently no cure and very few treatment options. New treatments are desperately needed for patients affected by these devastating diseases. New treatments can potentially arise in four ways: prevention, compensation, replacement and repair of the defects. Here we explore how present and possible future treatments might provide hope for those suffering from these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Trigano
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas Freeman
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carmine Varrichio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Kandaswamy
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malgorzata Rozanowska
- Mitochondria and Vision Lab, School of
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences,
Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; Cardiff Eye
Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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18
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Ocular delivery of CRISPR/Cas genome editing components for treatment of eye diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:181-195. [PMID: 32603815 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of inherited or multifactorial ocular diseases call for novel treatment paradigms. The newly developed genome editing technology, CRISPR, has shown great promise in treating these diseases, but delivery of the CRISPR/Cas components to target ocular tissues and cells requires appropriate use of vectors and routes of administration to ensure safety, efficacy and specificity. Although adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are thus far the most commonly used tool for ocular gene delivery, sustained expression of CRISPR/Cas components may cause immune reactions and an increased risk of off-target editing. In this review, we summarize the ocular administration routes and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of viral and non-viral vectors for delivery of CRISPR/Cas components to the eye. We review the existing studies of CRISPR/Cas genome editing for ocular diseases and discuss the major challenges of the technology in ocular applications. We also discuss the most recently developed CRISPR tools such as base editing and prime editing which may be used for future ocular applications.
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19
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Luchicchi A, Pattij T, Viaña JNM, de Kloet S, Marchant N. Tracing goes viral: Viruses that introduce expression of fluorescent proteins in chemically-specific neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:109004. [PMID: 33242528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, there has been great progress in understanding how the brain works. In particular, the last two decades have been crucial in gaining more awareness over the complex functioning of neurotransmitter systems. The use of viral vectors in neuroscience has been pivotal for such development. Exploiting the properties of viral particles, modifying them according to the research needs, and making them target chemically-specific neurons, techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics have been developed, which could lead to a giant step toward gene therapy for brain disorders. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of some of the most widely used viral techniques in neuroscience. We will discuss advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In particular, attention is dedicated to the pivotal role played by the introduction of adeno-associated virus and the retrograde tracer canine-associated-2 Cre virus in order to achieve optimal visualization, and interrogation, of chemically-specific neuronal populations and their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Noel M Viaña
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sybren de Kloet
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Chen W, Hu Y, Ju D. Gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders: advances, insights and prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1347-1359. [PMID: 32963936 PMCID: PMC7488363 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is rapidly emerging as a powerful therapeutic strategy for a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Some early clinical trials have failed to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. Efforts to enhance effectiveness are now concentrating on three major fields: identification of new vectors, novel therapeutic targets, and reliable of delivery routes for transgenes. These approaches are being assessed closely in preclinical and clinical trials, which may ultimately provide powerful treatments for patients. Here, we discuss advances and challenges of gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting promising technologies, targets, and future prospects.
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Key Words
- AADC, aromatic-l-amino-acid
- AAVs, adeno-associated viruses
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ARSA, arylsulfatase A
- ASOs, antisense oligonucleotides
- ASPA, aspartoacylase
- Adeno-associated viruses
- Adv, adenovirus
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BCSFB, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier
- BRB, blood–retina barrier
- Bip, glucose regulated protein 78
- CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer binding homologous protein
- CLN6, ceroidlipofuscinosis neuronal protein 6
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Central nervous system
- Delivery routes
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAA, lysosomal acid α-glucosidase
- GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase
- GDNF, glial derived neurotrophic factor
- Gene therapy
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HSPGs, heparin sulfate proteoglycans
- HTT, mutant huntingtin
- IDS, iduronate 2-sulfatase
- LVs, retrovirus/lentivirus
- Lamp2a, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2a
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- Neurodegenerative disorders
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PGRN, Progranulin
- PINK1, putative kinase 1
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RGCs, retinal ganglion cells
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RPE, retinal pigmented epithelial
- SGSH, lysosomal heparan-N-sulfamidase gene
- SMN, survival motor neuron
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SUMF, sulfatase-modifying factor
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TPP1, tripeptidyl peptidase 1
- TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- ZFPs, zinc finger proteins
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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Richardson RT, Ibbotson MR, Thompson AC, Wise AK, Fallon JB. Optical stimulation of neural tissue. Healthc Technol Lett 2020; 7:58-65. [PMID: 32754339 PMCID: PMC7353819 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2019.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been used for decades in devices such as pacemakers, cochlear implants and more recently for deep brain and retinal stimulation and electroceutical treatment of disease. However, current spread from the electrodes limits the precision of neural activation, leading to a low quality therapeutic outcome or undesired side-effects. Alternative methods of neural stimulation such as optical stimulation offer the potential to deliver higher spatial resolution of neural activation. Direct optical stimulation is possible with infrared light, while visible light can be used to activate neurons if the neural tissue is genetically modified with a light sensitive ion channel. Experimentally, both methods have resulted in highly precise stimulation with little spread of activation at least in the cochlea, each with advantages and disadvantages. Infrared neural stimulation does not require modification of the neural tissue, but has very high power requirements. Optogenetics can achieve precision of activation with lower power, but only in conjunction with targeted insertion of a light sensitive ion channel into the nervous system via gene therapy. This review will examine the advantages and limitations of optical stimulation of neural tissue, using the cochlea as an exemplary model and recent developments for retinal and deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Theresa Richardson
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Michael R Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, and Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andrew K Wise
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - James B Fallon
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, Melbourne, 3002, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Melbourne, 3002, Australia
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22
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Comparison of AAV-Mediated Optogenetic Vision Restoration between Retinal Ganglion Cell Expression and ON Bipolar Cell Targeting. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:15-23. [PMID: 32548211 PMCID: PMC7287188 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The loss of photoreceptors in individuals with retinal degenerative diseases leads to partial or complete blindness. Optogenetic therapy is a promising approach for restoring vision to the blind. Multiple strategies have been employed by targeting genetically encoded light sensors, particularly channelrhodopsins, to surviving retinal neurons in animal models. In particular, the strategy of targeting retinal bipolar cells has commonly been expected to result in better vision than ubiquitous expression in retinal ganglion cells. However, a direct comparison of the channelrhodopsin-restored vision between these two strategies has not been performed. Here, we compared the restored visual functions achieved by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of a channelrhodopsin in ON-type bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells driven by an improved mGluR6 promoter and a CAG promoter, respectively, in a blind mouse model by performing electrophysiological recordings and behavioral assessments. Unexpectedly, the efficacy of the restored vision based on light sensitivity and visual acuity was much higher following ubiquitous retinal ganglion cell expression than that of the strategy targeting ON-type bipolar cells. Our study suggests that, at least based on currently available gene delivery techniques, the expression of genetically encoded light sensors in retinal ganglion cells is likely a practical and advantageous strategy for optogenetic vision restoration.
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23
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Yiu G, Chung SH, Mollhoff IN, Nguyen UT, Thomasy SM, Yoo J, Taraborelli D, Noronha G. Suprachoroidal and Subretinal Injections of AAV Using Transscleral Microneedles for Retinal Gene Delivery in Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:179-191. [PMID: 32055646 PMCID: PMC7005511 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is constrained by the mode of viral vector delivery. Intravitreal AAV injections are impeded by the internal limiting membrane barrier, while subretinal injections require invasive surgery and produce a limited region of therapeutic effect. In this study, we introduce a novel mode of ocular gene delivery in rhesus macaques using transscleral microneedles to inject AAV8 into the subretinal or suprachoroidal space, a potential space between the choroid and scleral wall of the eye. Using in vivo imaging, we found that suprachoroidal AAV8 produces diffuse, peripheral expression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, but it elicited local infiltration of inflammatory cells. Transscleral subretinal injection of AAV8 using microneedles leads to focal gene expression with transduction of RPE and photoreceptors, and minimal intraocular inflammation. In comparison, intravitreal AAV8 shows minimal transduction of retinal cells, but elicits greater systemic humoral immune responses. Our study introduces a novel mode of transscleral viral delivery that can be performed without vitreoretinal surgery, with focal or diffuse transgene expression patterns suitable for different applications. The decoupling of local and systemic immune responses reveals important insights into the immunological consequences of AAV delivery to different ocular compartments surrounding the blood-retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sook Hyun Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Iris N. Mollhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Uyen Tu Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jesse Yoo
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| | - Donna Taraborelli
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| | - Glenn Noronha
- Clearside Biomedical, 900 North Point Parkway, Suite 200, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
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24
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Bouquet C, Vignal Clermont C, Galy A, Fitoussi S, Blouin L, Munk MR, Valero S, Meunier S, Katz B, Sahel JA, Thomasson N. Immune Response and Intraocular Inflammation in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Treated With Intravitreal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2 Carrying the ND4 Gene: A Secondary Analysis of a Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 137:399-406. [PMID: 30730541 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance Intravitreal gene therapy is regarded as generally safe with limited mild adverse events, but its systemic effects remain to be investigated. Objective To examine the association between immune response and intraocular inflammation after ocular gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 carrying the ND4 gene (rAAV2/2-ND4). Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of an open-label, dose-escalation phase 1/2 randomized clinical trial of rAAV2/2-ND4 included data from February 13, 2014 (first patient visit), to March 30, 2017 (last patient visit at week 96), the first 2 years after injection. Patients older than 15 years with diagnosed ND4 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and visual acuity of at least counting fingers were enrolled in 1 of 5 cohorts. Four dose cohorts of 3 patients each were treated sequentially. An extension cohort of 3 patients received the dose of 9 × 1010 viral genomes per eye. Interventions Patients received increasing doses of rAAV2/2-ND4 (9 × 109, 3 × 1010, 9 × 1010, and 1.8 × 1011 viral genomes per eye) as a single unilateral intravitreal injection. Patients were monitored for 96 weeks after injection; ocular examinations were performed regularly, and blood samples were collected for immunologic testing. Main Outcomes and Measures A composite ocular inflammation score (OIS) was calculated based on grades of anterior chamber cells and flare, vitreous cells, and haze according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. The systemic immune response was quantified by enzyme-linked immunospot (cellular immune response), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgG titers), and luciferase assay (neutralizing antibody [NAb] titers). Results The present analysis included 15 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.9 [17.2] years; 13 men and 2 women) enrolled in the 5 cohorts of the clinical trial. Thirteen patients experienced intraocular inflammation after rAAV2/2-ND4 administration. Mild anterior chamber inflammation and vitritis were reported at all doses, and all cases were responsive to treatment. A maximum OIS of 9.5 was observed in a patient with history of idiopathic uveitis. Overall, OIS was not associated with the viral dose administered. No NAbs against AAV2 were detected in aqueous humor before treatment. Two patients tested positive for cellular immune response against AAV2 at baseline and after treatment. Humoral immune response was not apparently associated with the dose administered or with the immune status of patients at baseline. No association was found between OISs and serum NAb titers. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, intravitreal administration of rAAV2/2-ND4 in patients with LHON was safe and well tolerated. Further investigations may shed light into the local immune response to rAAV2/2-ND4 as a potential explanation for the observed intraocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Vignal Clermont
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France.,Rothschild Ophthalmology Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Marion R Munk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern Photographic Reading Center, Bern, Switzerland.,Inselspital, University Hospital Bern Oberärztin, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - José Alain Sahel
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France.,Rothschild Ophthalmology Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Asanad S, Frousiakis S, Wang MY, Fantini M, Sultan W, Wood T, Nwako FU, Karanjia R, Sadun AA. Improving the visual outcome in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Framework for the future. J Curr Ophthalmol 2019; 31:251-253. [PMID: 31528757 PMCID: PMC6742611 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asanad
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Starleen Frousiakis
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Wang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele Fantini
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Udine, Department of Ophthalmology, Udine, Italy.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Sultan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terry Wood
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis U Nwako
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rustum Karanjia
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Tordo J, O'Leary C, Antunes ASLM, Palomar N, Aldrin-Kirk P, Basche M, Bennett A, D'Souza Z, Gleitz H, Godwin A, Holley RJ, Parker H, Liao AY, Rouse P, Youshani AS, Dridi L, Martins C, Levade T, Stacey KB, Davis DM, Dyer A, Clément N, Björklund T, Ali RR, Agbandje-McKenna M, Rahim AA, Pshezhetsky A, Waddington SN, Linden RM, Bigger BW, Henckaerts E. A novel adeno-associated virus capsid with enhanced neurotropism corrects a lysosomal transmembrane enzyme deficiency. Brain 2019; 141:2014-2031. [PMID: 29788236 PMCID: PMC6037107 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are popular in vivo gene transfer vehicles. However, vector doses needed to achieve therapeutic effect are high and some target tissues in the central nervous system remain difficult to transduce. Gene therapy trials using AAV for the treatment of neurological disorders have seldom led to demonstrated clinical efficacy. Important contributing factors are low transduction rates and inefficient distribution of the vector. To overcome these hurdles, a variety of capsid engineering methods have been utilized to generate capsids with improved transduction properties. Here we describe an alternative approach to capsid engineering, which draws on the natural evolution of the virus and aims to yield capsids that are better suited to infect human tissues. We generated an AAV capsid to include amino acids that are conserved among natural AAV2 isolates and tested its biodistribution properties in mice and rats. Intriguingly, this novel variant, AAV-TT, demonstrates strong neurotropism in rodents and displays significantly improved distribution throughout the central nervous system as compared to AAV2. Additionally, sub-retinal injections in mice revealed markedly enhanced transduction of photoreceptor cells when compared to AAV2. Importantly, AAV-TT exceeds the distribution abilities of benchmark neurotropic serotypes AAV9 and AAVrh10 in the central nervous system of mice, and is the only virus, when administered at low dose, that is able to correct the neurological phenotype in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC, a transmembrane enzyme lysosomal storage disease, which requires delivery to every cell for biochemical correction. These data represent unprecedented correction of a lysosomal transmembrane enzyme deficiency in mice and suggest that AAV-TT-based gene therapies may be suitable for treatment of human neurological diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC, which is characterized by global neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tordo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - André S L M Antunes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nuria Palomar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Aldrin-Kirk
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark Basche
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zelpha D'Souza
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hélène Gleitz
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Annie Godwin
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ai Yin Liao
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Rouse
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amir Saam Youshani
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Larbi Dridi
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carla Martins
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, and Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin B Stacey
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Dyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Clément
- Department of Pediatrics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tomas Björklund
- Molecular Neuromodulation, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin R Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Michael Linden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Els Henckaerts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Hudry E, Vandenberghe LH. Therapeutic AAV Gene Transfer to the Nervous System: A Clinical Reality. Neuron 2019; 101:839-862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Song H, Bush RA, Zeng Y, Qian H, Wu Z, Sieving PA. Trans-ocular Electric Current In Vivo Enhances AAV-Mediated Retinal Gene Transduction after Intravitreal Vector Administration. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 13:77-85. [PMID: 30719486 PMCID: PMC6350231 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery is a promising approach for therapy, but implementation in the eye currently is hampered by the need for delivering the vector underneath the retina, using surgical application into the subretinal space. This limits the extent of the retina that is treated and may cause surgical injury. Vector delivery into the vitreous cavity would be preferable because it is surgically less invasive and would reach more of the retina. Unfortunately, most conventional, non-modified AAV vector serotypes penetrate the retina poorly from the vitreous; this limits efficient transduction and expression by target cells (retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors). We developed a method of applying a small and safe electric current across the intact eye in vivo for a brief period following intravitreal vector administration. This significantly improved AAV-mediated transduction of retinal cells in wild-type mice following intravitreal delivery, with gene expression in retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells. The low-level current had no adverse effects on retinal structure and function. This method should be generally applicable for other AAV serotypes and may have broad application in both basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongman Song
- Section for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald A Bush
- Section for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Section for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haohua Qian
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhijian Wu
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Sieving
- Section for Translational Research on Retinal and Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Han H, Yang J, Chen W, Li Q, Yang Y, Li Q. A comprehensive review on histone-mediated transfection for gene therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:132-144. [PMID: 30472306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone has been considered to be an effective carrier in non-viral gene delivery due to its unique properties such as efficient DNA binding ability, direct translocation to cytoplasm and favorable nuclear localization ability. Meanwhile, the rapid development of genetic engineering techniques could facilitate the construction of multifunctional fusion proteins based on histone molecules to further improve the transfection efficiency. Remarkably, histone has been demonstrated to achieve gene transfection in a synergistic manner with cationic polymers, affording to a significant improvement of transfection efficiency. In the review, we highlighted the recent developments and future trends in gene delivery mediated by histones or histone-based fusion proteins/peptides. This review also discussed the mechanism of histone-mediated gene transfection and provided an outlook for future therapeutic opportunities in the viewpoint of transfection efficacy and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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30
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Butler MC, Sullivan JM. Ultrahigh Resolution Mouse Optical Coherence Tomography to Aid Intraocular Injection in Retinal Gene Therapy Research. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30451216 DOI: 10.3791/55894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HR-SD-OCT is utilized to monitor the progression of photoreceptor degeneration in live mouse models, assess the delivery of therapeutic agents into the subretinal space, and to evaluate toxicity and efficacy in vivo. HR-SD-OCT uses near infrared light (800-880 nm) and has optics specifically designed for the unique optics of the mouse eye with sub-2-micron axial resolution. Transgenic mouse models of outer retinal (photoreceptor) degeneration and controls were imaged to assess the disease progression. Pulled glass microneedles were used to deliver sub retinal injections of adeno-associated virus (AAV) or nanoparticles (NP) via a trans-scleral and trans-choroidal approach. Careful positioning of the needle into the subretinal space was required prior to a calibrated pressure injection, which delivers fluid into the sub retinal space. Real time subretinal surgery was conducted on our retinal imaging system (RIS). HR-SD-OCT demonstrated progressive uniform retinal degeneration due to expression of a toxic mutant human mutant rhodopsin (P347S) (RHOP347S) transgene in mice. HR-SD-OCT allows rigorous quantification of all the retinal layers. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and photoreceptor outer segment length (OSL) measurements correlate with photoreceptor vitality, degeneration, or rescue. The RIS delivery system allows real-time visualization of subretinal injections in neonatal (~P10-14) or adult mice, and HR-SD-OCT immediately determines success of delivery and maps areal extent. HR-SD-OCT is a powerful tool that can evaluate the success of subretinal surgery in mice, in addition to measuring vitality of photoreceptors in vivo. HR-SD-OCT can also be used to identify uniform animal cohorts to evaluate the extent of retinal degeneration, toxicity, and therapeutic rescue in preclinical gene therapy research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Butler
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System; Department of Ophthalmology, (Ross Eye Institute), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo- SUNY
| | - Jack M Sullivan
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System; Department of Ophthalmology, (Ross Eye Institute), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo- SUNY; Pharmacology/Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo- SUNY; Physiology/Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo- SUNY; Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo- SUNY; The RNA Institute, University at Buffalo- SUNY; The SUNY Eye Institute;
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31
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Guiding Lights in Genome Editing for Inherited Retinal Disorders: Implications for Gene and Cell Therapy. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5056279. [PMID: 29853845 PMCID: PMC5964415 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5056279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a leading cause of visual impairment in the developing world. These conditions present an irreversible dysfunction or loss of neural retinal cells, which significantly impacts quality of life. Due to the anatomical accessibility and immunoprivileged status of the eye, ophthalmological research has been at the forefront of innovative and advanced gene- and cell-based therapies, both of which represent great potential as therapeutic treatments for IRD patients. However, due to a genetic and clinical heterogeneity, certain IRDs are not candidates for these approaches. New advances in the field of genome editing using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) have provided an accurate and efficient way to edit the human genome and represent an appealing alternative for treating IRDs. We provide a brief update on current gene augmentation therapies for retinal dystrophies. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the field of genome editing and stem cell technologies, which together enable precise and personalized therapies for patients. Lastly, we highlight current technological limitations and barriers that need to be overcome before this technology can become a viable treatment option for patients.
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32
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Carvalho LS, Xiao R, Wassmer SJ, Langsdorf A, Zinn E, Pacouret S, Shah S, Comander JI, Kim LA, Lim L, Vandenberghe LH. Synthetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Efficiently Targets Mouse and Nonhuman Primate Retina In Vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:771-784. [PMID: 29325457 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach in the treatment of inherited and common complex disorders of the retina. Preclinical and clinical studies have validated the use of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) as a safe and efficient delivery vehicle for gene transfer. Retinal pigment epithelium and rods-and to a lesser extent, cone photoreceptors-can be efficiently targeted with AAV. Other retinal cell types however are more challenging targets. The aim of this study was to characterize the transduction profile and efficiency of in silico designed, synthetic Anc80 AAVs for retinal gene transfer. Three Anc80 variants were evaluated for retinal targeting in mice and primates following subretinal delivery. In the murine retina Anc80L65 demonstrated high level of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor targeting with comparable cone photoreceptor affinity compared to other AAVs. Remarkably, Anc80L65 enhanced transduction kinetics with visible expression as early as day 1 and steady state mRNA levels at day 3. Inner retinal tropism of Anc80 variants demonstrated distinct transduction patterns of Müller glia, retinal ganglion cells and inner nuclear layer neurons. Finally, murine findings with Anc80L65 qualitatively translated to the Rhesus macaque in terms of cell targets, levels and onset of expression. Our findings support the use of Anc80L65 for therapeutic subretinal gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Carvalho
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ru Xiao
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah J Wassmer
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aliete Langsdorf
- 2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Zinn
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon Pacouret
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.,6 INSERM UMR 1089, University of Nantes, Nantes University Hospital , Nantes, France
| | - Samiksha Shah
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason I Comander
- 2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leo A Kim
- 3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence Lim
- 4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- 1 Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Ocular Genomics Institute , Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Petit L, Ma S, Cheng SY, Gao G, Punzo C. Rod Outer Segment Development Influences AAV-Mediated Photoreceptor Transduction After Subretinal Injection. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 28:464-481. [PMID: 28510482 PMCID: PMC5488363 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) are currently the preferred tools for delivering genes to photoreceptors (PR) in small and large animals. AAVs have been applied successfully in various models of PR dystrophies. However, unknown barriers still limit AAV's efficient application in several forms of severe PR degenerations due to insufficient transgene expression and/or treated cells at the time of injection. Optimizations of PR gene therapy strategies will likely benefit from the identification of the cellular factors that influence PR transduction. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the AAV transduction profile of PRs differs significantly between neonatal and adult mouse retinas after subretinal injection. This phenomenon may provide clues to identify host factors that influence the efficiency of AAV-mediated PR transduction. This study demonstrates that rod outer segments are critical modulators of efficient AAV-mediated rod transduction. During retinal development, rod transduction correlated temporally and spatially with the differentiation order of PRs when vectors were introduced subretinally but not when introduced intravitreally. All subretinally injected vectors had an initial preference to transduce cones in the absence of formed rod outer segments and then displayed a preference for rods as the cells matured, independently of the expression cassette or AAV serotype. Consistent with this observation, altered development of rod outer segments was associated with a strong reduction of rod transduction and an increase in the percentage of transduced cones by 2- to 2.8-fold. A similar increase of cone transduction was observed in the adult retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) retina compared to wild-type mice. These results suggest that the loss of rod outer segments in diseased retinas could markedly affect gene transfer efficiency of AAV vectors by limiting the ability of AAVs to infect dying rods efficiently. This information could be exploited for the development of more efficient AAV-based PR gene delivery procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Petit
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Shan Ma
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Shun-Yun Cheng
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Guangping Gao
- 3 Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Claudio Punzo
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
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Wiley LA, Burnight ER, Kaalberg EE, Jiao C, Riker MJ, Halder JA, Luse MA, Han IC, Russell SR, Sohn EH, Stone EM, Tucker BA, Mullins RF. Assessment of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype Tropism in Human Retinal Explants. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:424-436. [PMID: 29160116 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the discovery of the causes of monogenic retinal disorders, combined with technologies for the delivery of DNA to the retina, offer enormous opportunities for the treatment of previously untreatable blinding diseases. However, for gene augmentation to be most effective, vectors that have the correct cell-type specificity are needed. While animal models are very useful, they often exhibit differences in retinal cell surface receptors compared to the human retina. This study evaluated the use of an ex vivo organotypic explant system to test the transduction efficiency and tropism of seven different adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) serotypes in the human retina and retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/4, AAV2/5, AAV2/6, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9-all driving expression of GFP under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. After 7 days in culture, it was found that AAV2/4 and AAV2/5 were particularly efficient at transducing photoreceptor cells and that AAV2/5 was highly specific to the outer nuclear layer, whereas AAV2/8 displayed consistently low transduction of photoreceptors. To validate the authenticity of the organotypic culture system, the transduction of the same set of AAVs was also compared in a pig model, in which sub-retinal injections in vivo were compared to cultured and transduced organotypic cultures ex vivo. This study shows how different AAV serotypes behave in the human retina and provides insight for further investigation of each of these serotypes for gene augmentation-based treatment of inherited retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Wiley
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Erin R Burnight
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Emily E Kaalberg
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Megan J Riker
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jennifer A Halder
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Meagan A Luse
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ian C Han
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Stephen R Russell
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Elliott H Sohn
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Edwin M Stone
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Budd A Tucker
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert F Mullins
- 1 Stephen A. Wynn Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,2 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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Quinn PM, Buck TM, Ohonin C, Mikkers HMM, Wijnholds J. Production of iPS-Derived Human Retinal Organoids for Use in Transgene Expression Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1715:261-273. [PMID: 29188520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7522-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro retinal organoid modeling from human pluripotent stem cells is becoming more common place in many ophthalmic laboratories worldwide. These organoids mimic human retinogenesis through formation of organized layered retinal structures that display markers for typical retinal cell types. Pivotally these humanized retinal models provide a stepping stone to the clinic as therapeutic tools and are expected to provide a promising alternative to current animal models. Thus pluripotent stem cell based healthy as well as diseased human retinal organoids are attractive for use in drug potency assays and gene augmentation therapeutics. Here we outline an established protocol for generation of these retinal organoids and how they can be used in conjunction with adeno-associated virus vectors for transgene expression assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo M Buck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Ohonin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald M M Mikkers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Efficacy and Safety of Glycosidic Enzymes for Improved Gene Delivery to the Retina following Intravitreal Injection in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 9:192-202. [PMID: 29766027 PMCID: PMC5948313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral gene delivery is showing great promise for treating retinal disease. Although subretinal vector delivery has mainly been used to date, intravitreal delivery has potential advantages if low retinal transduction efficiency can be overcome. To this end, we investigated the effects of co-injection of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes, singly or in combination, with AAV2 as a method of increasing retinal transduction. Experiments using healthy mice demonstrated that these enzymes enhance retinal transduction. We found that heparinase III produced the greatest individual effect, and this was enhanced further by combination with hyaluronan lyase. In addition, this optimized AAV2-enzyme combination led to a marked improvement in transduction in retinas with advanced retinal degeneration compared with AAV2 alone. Safety studies measuring retinal function by flash electroretinography indicated that retinal function was unaffected in the acute period and at least 12 months after enzyme treatment, whereas pupillometry confirmed that retinal ganglion cell activity was unaffected. Retinal morphology was not altered by the enzyme injection. Collectively these data confirm the efficacy and safety of this intravitreal approach in enhancing retinal transduction efficiency by AAV in rodents. Translating this method into other species, such as non-human primates, or for clinical applications will have challenges and require further studies.
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Xiang H, Xu H, Fan F, Shin SM, Hogan QH, Yu H. Glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter determines transgene expression in satellite glial cells following intraganglionic adeno-associated virus delivery in adult rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:436-448. [PMID: 28941260 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated therapeutic gene transfer to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is an effective and safe tool for treating chronic pain. However, AAV with various constitutively active promoters leads to transgene expression predominantly to neurons, while glial cells are refractory to AAV transduction in the peripheral nervous system. The present study evaluated whether in vivo satellite glial cell (SGC) transduction in the DRG can be enhanced by the SGC-specific GFAP promoter and by using shH10 and shH19, which are engineered capsid variants with Müller glia-prone transduction. Titer-matched AAV6 (as control), AAVshH10, and AAVshH19, all encoding the EGFP driven by the constitutively active CMV promoter, as well as AAV6-EGFP and AAVshH10-EGFP driven by a GFAP promoter (AAV6-GFAP-EGFP and AAVshH10-GFAP-EGFP), were injected into DRG of adult male rats. Neurotropism of gene expression was determined and compared by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that injection of AAV6- and AAVshH10-GFAP-EGFP induces robust EGFP expression selectively in SGCs, whereas injection of either AAVshH10-CMV-EGFP or AAVshH19-CMV-EGFP into DRG resulted in a similar in vivo transduction profile to AAV6-CMV-EGFP, all showing efficient transduction of sensory neurons without significant transduction of glial cell populations. Coinjection of AAV6-CMV-mCherry and AAV6-GFAP-EGFP induces transgene expression in neurons and SGCs separately. This report, together with our prior studies, demonstrates that the GFAP promoter rather than capsid tropism determines selective gene expression in SGCs following intraganglionic AAV delivery in adult rats. A dual AAV system, one with GFAP promoter and the other with CMV promoter, can efficiently express transgenes selectively in neurons versus SGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mississippi University Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Seung-Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Tai L, Liu C, Jiang K, Chen X, Feng L, Pan W, Wei G, Lu W. A novel penetratin-modified complex for noninvasive intraocular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:347-356. [PMID: 28673859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of gene expression by nucleic acids is a promising strategy in the treatment of ocular diseases. However, intraocular delivery of nucleic acids to the posterior ocular tissues remains a great challenge due to the presence of various biological barriers. To circumvent this problem, we established a novel penetratin (P) modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (D)/hyaluronic acid (H) complex to deliver antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs, O). Complexes (D/O, HD/O and PHD/O) were easily prepared and modification layers (hyaluronic acid and penetratin) were respectively absorbed on the surface via electrostatic interaction. Complexes with different outer layers were characterized as spherical particles with reversed charges. In vitro cellular uptake of ASOs in PHD/O complex was significantly increased than those in other formulations. In vivo studies were carried out after topical instillation of the complexes in the conjunctival sac of mice. Compared with D/O and HD/O, PHD/O exhibited much more distribution in the posterior segment of the eyes and prolonged retention time of ASOs in retina for more than 8h. Taken together, these results indicated that PHD/O complex possessed substantially improved ocular permeability and distribution in the posterior ocular tissues. This work provided a promising noninvasive intraocular delivery strategy for nucleic acids via topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Tai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linglin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Fischer MD, Hickey DG, Singh MS, MacLaren RE. Evaluation of an Optimized Injection System for Retinal Gene Therapy in Human Patients. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 27:150-8. [PMID: 27480111 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2016.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many retinal gene therapy clinical trials require subretinal injections of small volumes of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector solutions in patients with retinal dystrophies, using equipment not specifically designed for this purpose. We therefore evaluated an optimized injection system in order to identify variables that might influence the rate of injection and final dose of vector delivered. An optimized injection system was assembled with a 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tip for retinal gene therapy. Flow rate was recorded at relevant infusion pressures (2-22 psi [14-152 kPa]), different target pressures (0.02-30 mm Hg [0.003-4 kPa]) and temperatures (18°C vs. 36°C) using a semiautomated Accurus(®) Surgical System. Retention of AAV2/8 and AAV2/8(Y733F) vector was quantified after simulating loading/injection with or without 0.001% Pluronic(®) F-68 (PF-68). The optimized injection system provided a linear flow rate (μl/s)-to-infusion pressure (psi) relationship (y = 0.62x; r(2) = 0.99), independent of temperature and pressure changes relevant for intraocular surgery (18-36°C, 0.02-30 mm Hg). Differences in length of 41G polytetrafluoroethylene tips caused significant variation in flow rate (p < 0.001). Use of PF-68 significantly (p < 0.001) reduced loss of vector genomes in the injection system by 55% (AAV2/8) and 52% (AAV2/8(Y733F)). A customized subretinal injection system assembled using equipment currently available in the operating room can deliver a controlled volume of vector at a fixed rate across a range of possible clinical parameters encountered in vitreoretinal surgery. The inclusion of 0.001% PF-68 had a significant effect on the final dose of vector genomes delivered. The described technique is currently used successfully in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dominik Fischer
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 University Eye Hospital , Centre for Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doron G Hickey
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mandeep S Singh
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- 1 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom.,2 Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom.,4 Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, United Kingdom
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41
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Hashimoto H, Mizushima T, Chijiwa T, Nakamura M, Suemizu H. Efficient production of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, serotype DJ/8, carrying the GFP gene. Virus Res 2017; 238:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Exosome-associated AAV2 vector mediates robust gene delivery into the murine retina upon intravitreal injection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45329. [PMID: 28361998 PMCID: PMC5374486 DOI: 10.1038/srep45329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread gene transfer to the retina is challenging as it requires vector systems to overcome physical and biochemical barriers to enter and diffuse throughout retinal tissue. We investigated whether exosome-associated adeno-associated virus, (exo-AAV) enabled broad retinal targeting following intravitreal (IVT) injection, as exosomes have been shown to traverse biological barriers and mediate widespread distribution upon systemic injection. We packaged an AAV genome encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) into conventional AAV2 and exo-AAV2 vectors. Vectors were IVT injected into the eyes of adult mice. GFP expression was noninvasively monitored by fundus imaging and retinal expression was analyzed 4 weeks post-injection by qRT-PCR and histology. Exo-AAV2 outperformed conventional AAV2 in GFP expression based on fundus image analysis and qRT-PCR. Exo-AAV2 demonstrated deeper penetration in the retina, efficiently reaching the inner nuclear and outer plexiform, and to a lesser extent the outer nuclear layer. Cell targets were ganglion cells, bipolar cells, Müller cells, and photoreceptors. Exo-AAV2 serves as a robust gene delivery tool for murine retina, and the simplicity of production and isolation should make it widely applicable to basic research of the eye.
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Pishavar E, Shafiei M, Mehri S, Ramezani M, Abnous K. The effects of polyethylenimine/DNA nanoparticle on transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40:406-409. [PMID: 28100091 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1245318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer commonly used in gene transfer. Although numerous investigations have indicated that PEI can induce apoptosis/necrosis but the mechanism of its cytotoxicity is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PEI/DNA complexes on the expression of apoptotic genes in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29). METHODS HT29 cells were exposed to PEI/DNA complex (C/P = 0.8) for 24 h. Then, qRT PCR was used to assess the expression of 26 apoptotic-related genes. RESULT Analysis of the transcript level of genes revealed that while the expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bclx, Bcl2, NFkB, and AIF was not significantly reduced but the expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as Fasl, Bax, TNFR1, DR4, Casp8, and cytochrome C was considerably increased in transfected HT29 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that PEI could increase the level of pro-apoptotic genes and decrease antiapoptotic genes as a possible mechanism involved in PEI cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- a Department of Genetics , Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Iran.,c Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- a Department of Genetics , Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- b Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology , Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- c Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,d Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran , and
| | - Khalil Abnous
- c Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,e Medicinal Chemistry Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Choudhury S, Strang CE, Alexander JJ, Scalabrino ML, Lynch Hill J, Kasuga DT, Witherspoon CD, Boye SL, Gamlin PD, Boye SE. Novel Methodology for Creating Macaque Retinas with Sortable Photoreceptors and Ganglion Cells. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:551. [PMID: 27990105 PMCID: PMC5131003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The ability to generate macaque retinas with sortable cell populations would be of great benefit to both basic and translational studies of the primate retina. The purpose of our study was therefore to develop methods to achieve this goal by selectively labeling, in life, photoreceptors (PRs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with separate fluorescent markers. Methods: Labeling of macaque (Macaca fascicularis) PRs and RGCs was accomplished by subretinal delivery of AAV5-hGRK1-GFP, and retrograde transport of micro-ruby™ from the lateral geniculate nucleus, respectively. Retinas were anatomically separated into different regions. Dissociation conditions were optimized, and cells from each region underwent fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). Expression of retinal cell type- specific genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR to characterize isolated cell populations. Results: We show that macaque PRs and RGCs can be simultaneously labeled in-life and enriched populations isolated by FACS. Recovery from different retinal regions indicated efficient isolation/enrichment for PRs and RGCs, with the macula being particularly amendable to this technique. Conclusions: The methods and materials presented here allow for the identification of novel reagents designed to target RGCs and/or photoreceptors in a species that is phylogenetically and anatomically similar to human. These techniques will enable screening of intravitreally-delivered AAV capsid libraries for variants with increased tropism for PRs and/or RGCs and the evaluation of vector tropism and/or cellular promoter activity of gene therapy vectors in a clinically relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christianne E Strang
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Julie Lynch Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel T Kasuga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C Douglas Witherspoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul D Gamlin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Grob SR, Finn A, Papakostas TD, Eliott D. Clinical Trials in Retinal Dystrophies. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2016; 23:49-59. [PMID: 26957839 PMCID: PMC4759904 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.173135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research development is burgeoning for genetic and cellular therapy for retinal dystrophies. These dystrophies are the focus of many research efforts due to the unique biology and accessibility of the eye, the transformative advances in ocular imaging technology that allows for in vivo monitoring, and the potential benefit people would gain from success in the field – the gift of renewed sight. Progress in the field has revealed the immense complexity of retinal dystrophies and the challenges faced by researchers in the development of this technology. This study reviews the current trials and advancements in genetic and cellular therapy in the treatment of retinal dystrophies and also discusses the current and potential future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna R Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avni Finn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thanos D Papakostas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Retina, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Retina, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu C, Jiang K, Tai L, Liu Y, Wei G, Lu W, Pan W. Facile Noninvasive Retinal Gene Delivery Enabled by Penetratin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19256-67. [PMID: 27400087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is severely hindered by the impermeability of defensive barriers; therefore, in clinical settings, genomic medicines are mainly administered by intravitreal injection. We previously found that penetratin could transport the covalently conjugated fluorophore to the fundus oculi by topical instillation. In this study, gene delivery systems enabled by penetratin were designed based on electrostatic binding to target the retina via a noninvasive administration route and prepared with red fluorescent protein plasmid (pRFP) and/or poly(amidoamine) dendrimer of low molecular weight (G3 PAMAM). Formulation optimization, structure confirmation, and characterization were subsequently conducted. Penetratin alone showed limited ability to condense the plasmid but had powerful uptake and transfection by corneal and conjunctival cells. G3 PAMAM was nontoxic to the ocular cells, and when introduced into the penetratin-incorporated complex, the plasmid was condensed more compactly. Therefore, further improved cellular uptake and transfection were observed. After being instilled in the conjunctival sac of rats, the intact complexes penetrated rapidly from the ocular surface into the fundus and resided in the retina for more than 8 h, which resulted in efficient expression of RFP in the posterior segment. Intraocular distribution of the complexes suggested that the plasmids were absorbed into the eyes through a noncorneal pathway during which penetratin played a crucial role. This study provides a facile and friendly approach for intraocular gene delivery and is an important step toward the development of noninvasive gene therapy for posterior segment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingyu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, China
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Lu Q, Ganjawala TH, Ivanova E, Cheng JG, Troilo D, Pan ZH. AAV-mediated transduction and targeting of retinal bipolar cells with improved mGluR6 promoters in rodents and primates. Gene Ther 2016; 23:680-9. [PMID: 27115727 PMCID: PMC4863234 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been a powerful gene delivery vehicle to the retina for basic research and gene therapy. For many of these applications, achieving cell type-specific targeting and high transduction efficiency is desired. Recently, there has been increasing interest in AAV-mediated gene targeting to specific retinal bipolar cell types. A 200-bp enhancer in combination with a basal SV40 promoter has been commonly used to target transgenes into ON-type bipolar cells. In the current study, we searched for additional cis-regulatory elements in the mGluR6 gene for improving AAV-mediated transduction efficiency into retinal bipolar cells. Our results showed that the combination of the endogenous mGluR6 promoter with additional enhancers in the introns of the mGluR6 gene markedly enhanced AAV transduction efficiency as well as made the targeting more selective for rod bipolar cells in mice. Furthermore, the AAV vectors with the improved promoter could target to ON bipolar cells with robust transduction efficiency in the parafovea and the far peripheral retina of marmoset monkeys. The improved mGluR6 promoter constructs could provide a valuable tool for genetic manipulation in rod bipolar cells in mice and facilitate clinical applications for ON bipolar cell-based gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lu
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - TH Ganjawala
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - E Ivanova
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY
| | - JG Cheng
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D Troilo
- State University of New York, College of Optometry, New York, NY
| | - Z-H Pan
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Dept. of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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Khabou H, Desrosiers M, Winckler C, Fouquet S, Auregan G, Bemelmans AP, Sahel JA, Dalkara D. Insight into the mechanisms of enhanced retinal transduction by the engineered AAV2 capsid variant -7m8. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2712-2724. [PMID: 27259396 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we described a modified AAV2 vector-AAV2-7m8-having a capsid-displayed peptide insertion of 10 amino acids with enhanced retinal transduction properties. The insertion of the peptide referred to as 7m8 is responsible for high-level gene delivery into deep layers of the retina when virus is delivered into the eye's vitreous. Here, we further characterize AAV2-7m8 mediated gene delivery to neural tissue and investigate the mechanisms by which the inserted peptide provides better transduction away from the injection site. First, in order to understand if the peptide exerts its effect on its own or in conjunction with the neighboring amino acids, we inserted the 7m8 peptide at equivalent positions on three other AAV capsids, AAV5, AAV8, and AAV9, and evaluated its effect on their infectivity. Intravitreal delivery of these peptide insertion vectors revealed that only AAV9 benefited from 7m8 insertion in the context of the retina. We then investigated AAV2-7m8 and AAV9-7m8 properties in the brain, to better evaluate the spread and efficacy of viral transduction in view of the peptide insertion. While 7m8 insertion led to higher intensity gene expression, the spread of gene expression remained unchanged compared to the parental serotypes. Our results indicate that the 7m8 peptide insertion acts by increasing efficacy of cellular entry, with little effect on the spread of viral particles in neural tissue. The effects of peptide insertion are capsid and tissue dependent, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment in gene delivery using AAV. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2712-2724. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Khabou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Mélissa Desrosiers
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Céline Winckler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Auregan
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France.
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Abstract
Over the last few years, huge progress has been made with regard to the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases of the eye. Such knowledge has led to the development of gene therapy approaches to treat these devastating disorders. Challenges regarding the efficacy and efficiency of therapeutic gene delivery have driven the development of novel therapeutic approaches, which continue to evolve the field of ocular gene therapy. In this review article, we will discuss the evolution of preclinical and clinical strategies that have improved gene therapy in the eye, showing that treatment of vision loss has a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Petit
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hemant Khanna
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Claudio Punzo
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
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Abstract
The idea of treating disease in humans with genetic material was conceived over two decades ago and with that a promising journey involving development and efficacy studies in cells and animals of a large number of novel therapeutic reagents unfolded. In the footsteps of this process, successful gene therapy treatment of genetic conditions in humans has shown clear signs of efficacy. Notably, significant advancements using gene supplementation and silencing strategies have been made in the field of ocular gene therapy, thereby pinpointing ocular gene therapy as one of the compelling "actors" bringing gene therapy to the clinic. Most of all, this success has been facilitated because of (1) the fact that the eye is an effortlessly accessible, exceedingly compartmentalized, and immune-privileged organ offering a unique advantage as a gene therapy target, and (2) significant progress toward efficient, sustained transduction of cells within the retina having been achieved using nonintegrating vectors based on recombinant adeno-associated virus and nonintegrating lentivirus vectors. The results from in vivo experiments and trials suggest that treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies, ocular angiogenesis, and inflammation with gene therapy can be both safe and effective. Here, the progress of ocular gene therapy is examined with special emphasis on the potential use of RNAi- and protein-based antiangiogenic gene therapy to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
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